NGHIÊN CỨU SO SÁNH SỰ PHÁT TRIỂN SINH KHỐI VÀ HÀM LƯỢNG β-GLUCAN Ở MỘT SỐ CHỦNG NẤM HƯƠNG NUÔI CẤY TRONG MÔI TRƯỜNG LỎNG


KHOA CÔNG NGHỆ THỰC PHẨM
________________________
KHOÁ LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP
TÊN ĐỀ TÀI:
NGHIÊN CỨU SO SÁNH SỰ PHÁT TRIỂN SINH KHỐI VÀ
HÀM LƯỢNG β-GLUCAN Ở MỘT SỐ CHỦNG NẤM HƯƠNG
NUÔI CẤY TRONG MÔI TRƯỜNG LỎNG


HÀ NỘI – 2010
LỜI CAM ĐOAN
 !"#$%&'()*$+,-.$)',/"$0&1
"&)$),2%&,3,435 678)9:!',,;&)3<
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F$G!>
Hà Nội, ngày 24 tháng 5 năm 2010
Bùi Thị Kim Tuyền
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LỜI CẢM ƠN
Để hoàn thành khóa luận tốt nghiệp này ngoài sự cố gắng của bản thân tôi
đã nhận được rất nhiều sự giúp đỡ của cá nhân và tập thể. Trước hết tôi xin bày
tỏ lòng cảm ơn sâu sắc tới TS. Nguyễn Duy Lâm - Giám đốc Trung tâm Nghiên
cứu và Kiểm tra chất lượng nông sản thực phẩm – Viện Cơ điện nông nghiệp và
Công nghệ sau thu hoạch đã tạo mọi điều kiện tốt nhất cho tôi thực hiện và hoàn
thành khóa luận tốt nghiệp này.
Tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn các thầy cô Khoa Công nghệ thực phẩm trường
ĐH Nông nghiệp Hà Nội đã giúp đỡ tôi trong quá trình học tập và nghiên cứu để
hoàn thành khóa luận tốt nghiệp này.

Tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn các cán bộ trong Trung tâm Nghiên cứu và
Kiểm tra chất lượng nông sản thực phẩm – Viện Cơ điện nông nghiệp và Công
nghệ sau thu hoạch đã tạo điều kiện giúp đỡ tôi hoàn thành khóa luận tốt nghiệp
này.
Qua đây tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn gia đình, bạn bè đã động viên, khích lệ
và giúp đỡ tôi trong suốt thời gian qua.
Thay lời cảm ơn một lần nữa tôi xin gửi đến các thầy cô cùng toàn thể
các anh chị và các bạn lời chúc tốt đẹp nhất.
Hà Nội, ngày 24 tháng 5 năm 2010
Bùi Thị Kim Tuyền

MỤC LỤC
LỜI CAM ĐOAN>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
LỜI CẢM ƠN>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
MỤC LỤC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
DANH MỤC BẢNG>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>%
DANH MỤC ĐỒ THỊ - BIỂU ĐỒ - HÌNH ẢNH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>%
DANH MỤC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT VÀ KÝ HIỆU>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>%
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>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
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abcJ[d[QRJe>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
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)3W),g,hi>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
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h>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

DANH MỤC BẢNG
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%
DANH MỤC HÌNH ẢNH
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1.1. ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ
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',+{@,9))f]9,]X3C‹"&',=$_$)-%&X)*$
);>`V%01)',$',u]',/"$0)!),#@&1,?))(,&,
),2,#4)&‘Nghiên cứu so sánh sự phát triển sinh khối và hàm lượng β-
glucan ở một số chủng nấm Hương nuôi cấy trong môi trường lỏng”.
1.2. MỤC ĐÍCH VÀ YÊU CẦU
T>H>T>O8D,
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)3W"Y, ,',!%&,&"35ld"$>
T>H>H>L-$_$
d $X1)g ,',!X3C))3W"Y>
d ’9…,35,&"35ld"$79,]X3C)g>
H
Phần II
TỔNG QUAN TÀI LIỆU
2.1. GIỚI THIỆU CHUNG VỀ NẤM HƯƠNG VÀ HỆ SỢI NẤM HƯƠNG
2.1.1. Đặc điểm hình thái và đặc tính sinh học của nấm Hương
2.1.1.1. Đặc điểm hình thái
X3C,1•;"&X3Cm7,@,9@',
,;r Lentinula edodesn"&k)"gX{/$G!:+…\“>
(i,%&9w,=$”$;/),U)-)(,0)"& ,)'U>X
3C),$k,;Tricholomataceae:kAgaricaless"<@@,8Hymenomycetidae
"<@ Holobasidiomycetes m,Œ Homobasidio-mycetes ,1 Eubasidiomycetesn
&,@,8Basidiomycotina&,X),0)•Eumycota<X•Myconta
,1Fungi‰TŠ>
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=$(U%&+9,w%}1)‚>,(X/&$)‚>j4]
@,()3C!k%&/',$1,,3<:9%&$!X>OŒ))-)X

&$=$Œ)73</,4$:+Y(@"g>,…)X&$)‚$!,V,
)8‰TŠ>
2.1.1.2. Đặc tính sinh học của nấm Hương
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2.1.2. Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến sinh trưởng và phát triển của nấm Hương
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2.1.3. Giá trị dinh dưỡng của nấm Hương
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2.2. HOẠT CHẤT β-GLUCAN
2.2.1. Định nghĩa
ld"$"&k)@"1 )]hd"$ U%<9"-'()"o)>ld
"$"&k),/9@,=)6"$',9,$\',!"35@,=)6)D,
,•)k,<)%&X$,V,)',>ld"$),3W/)),&,
)(:&),2%0),g)‹!XUX%&%',$}>)2,-ld
"$/,4$)X,3"&XM•X3C>>>‰T^Š>
,4$,-.$B,€ld"$%<"-'()mTZ™Tpn/,g)
)D, ,,;,Cld"$%<"-'()mT^™Tpn>M2',9,$w9!
"-'()%&X$)?,/,;ld"$ —+,,3\()D,,•),g)k
%&,g))D, ,,;],?>ld"$&@,=,9,g,,g))D, ,
,;&‰T^Š>
Bảng 2.1. Một số loại β-glucan
Tên Liên kếtGlicozit Ghi chú
U""$" U ldT^
$7" ldTZ
" ldTZ%&ldTp
,1 " ldTZ
"U) ldTprldTZ 35)9,,())sedodes Lentinula
",U ldTZ%&ldT^

@"U$ ldTZ%&ldTp 35)9,,())sostreatus Pleurotus
o1  ldTZ
p
Hình 2.1. Liên kết β-1,3 glicozit và β-1,6 glicozit
Hình 2.2. Liên kết β-1,3; glicozit β-1,6 glicozit và β-1,3:β-1,6 glicozit của
phân tử β-glucan
~
2.2.2. Hoạt tính sinh học của β-glucan
2.2.2.1. Hoạt tính chống ung thư
,9TH™Tt•I )1iŸ)L$,%&O ,) B)9,
,()ld"$)s,# 5X3C%&B)g,(@,},3"&k)735
@,},!$),3Œ:#)"&$),37g7&1/,#$*$+>C,(C:+
"&){3Wˆ7…,=',+ ]g),2:&k)),w
)(:&*$);,X)],#),!ˆ7…,%&(),())(:&$),3‰TpŠ>
_$,()9@,=g@"1 ))9,)sX3C/,g)k'D,
),D,g),2:&) 1($)!)g@)U@,X@)D,mixn1($)!=1
Bg,%&$X),$1()m`hxn1($)!)gRdTmRdTxnRdZ%&1($)!
'D,),D,*$_),fmMxn>91($)!&14$$X),#g))<2g,€ $
%&W,$!,Œ)-"U)>h%01,#$"2,!$),3),2
,# T•‡X)F&‰~Š>97•)(:&$),3',9‹B35
'f)/'()*$+X)),$1()@,8>
-"= &"U)B35'f)'•%4,g))D,,!$),3
Œ:#),_$,3',/)978@,87/359@78,3k))…"#$
@,9@/,#$*$+,9:#,,=$),3>,V,$),w
)3W,5@$),33W7g7&1d$k)'f+(gZ'()*$+%EX)
',+*$>…"#$@,!,5@w"U)%<)Uy$$""&) ),W
!,C,4$ %<,€7v)Uy$$"Ck>3W,5@$),37g
7&1. ! $TH%&Z  $',$!)Uy$$") ,€ArHt˜
%&‡˜>',9:#,,=)-73<7),-"U) .TH
"_™)$_,ŒHT"_™)$_g). !)3C."&TtI˜T‡^˜%&pI˜

‰~Š>a()*$+)3C)2‹g)35)9$),3$k)&>
•
2.2.2.2. Hoạt tính chống virus, vi khuẩn
ld"$%&97E$X)]//)978,!%$ %',$}%&'Ž
,)v),*$ 2){3W9@,+.ˆ7…,:9,){
!"35'D,),3<',+{]g),2:&){3W,g)k]
"1@,1)U%&j%4),2,X)‹!%<C,(,!$),3>
_=19,&,-.$)g3Wg,;L\L$,,0)
j+B),:9RU)/,#$.‘:+%#¡m@)U)%UUyyU)n>/"&
.,( 2@,9,]1)(:&:V,),3W7+,,3\]%$ `>-"=
&  B  ,  ),X1  ',  6  78  RU)  v  %<  ,5@  ,X)  iz  mo7d
,17Un/),f{,Œ%$ `,C,€ 678izCkG
),W+k)D,]izŒ:#) $"@,)"U).,(X)g,,g))D,
]U%U U) @) UmUo1 ,†@35]`n‰HTŠ>
RU)•/',+{?@,w3W:…"@,u,!"gk)!
]%',$}">($ 678RU)T™&1–)$_H"_),V/),f{
,Œ,&)&k)!]%',$}")C),f‰ZH‡Š>
2.2.2.3. Hoạt tính kháng sinh
` ,%0)/),f=1:#,),U,9, $rOk)"&,?=1%-
:9,@,9,]19$*$,>"&%',$} ,9k)!>9
,&',,;B',„…,RU)'D,,g)%#){ +$X)91($)!
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