Tải bản đầy đủ (.pdf) (134 trang)

nghiên cứu tính toán khung thép phẳng có liên kết nửa cứng theo mô hình tuyến tính hoặc phi tuyến đàn hồi

Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (2.01 MB, 134 trang )

1
Phần mở đầu
1J\QD\NđWFÊXQKNKXQJWKâSầFVẽGQJSKELđQWURQJOàQKYềF[\
GềQJFQJWUQKGQ GQJYFQJQJKLS*LLSKSVẽGQJNđWFÊXWKâSFKR
SKâSUèWQJQWKLJLDQ[\GềQJ VRYặLWUQJKầSGẩQJYÔW OLXWUX\ôQWKQJ
QKEWQJJFK .đWFÊXWKâSầFJLDFQJWKQKFFFÊXNLQULWURQJ
QKP\KRFQJRLFQJWUQJUắLPDQJLOSGềQJ7LFQJWUQK[\GềQJ
FFFÊXNLQầFOSUSOLYặLQKDXEQJ SKQJSKSOLQNđWQKOLQNđW
KQOLQNđWLQKWQOLQNđWEXOQJ&ÊXWRQèWOLQNđWQ\FẳQKLôXORLNKF
QKDXYSKWKXFYR\XFXFKãXOềFFấDFKảQKFÊXNLQầFOLQNđWYôPW
FQJQãQKKRFFQJQQJVẽGQJ
1) Tính cấp thiết của đề ti luận án
/LQNđWGP-FWầFFÊXWRWẻQKLôXESKÔQULQJELWQKWKâSJẳFFKé
LEXOQJWKâSWÊPKRFVQWQJFQJ'RẳFLơPẹQJ[ẽFấDOLQNđW
SKWKXFYRẹQJ[ẽFấDWẻQJESKÔQWURQJOLQNđW1KLôXFQJWUQKQJKLQ
FẹX SGQJTXLWUQK WKả QJKLP WUQ FF NLơX OLQ NđW ầF JLD FQJ OS US
WURQJSKáQJWKảQJKLP.đWTXWKXầFWẻYLFWKảQJKLPWÔSKầSWKQKQJQ
KQJGéOLXYOFVơ[\GềQJPKQKQJKLQFẹXFLơPTXDQKẹQJ
[ẽFấDOLQNđW
/LQNđWFẳQKKQJQKLôXđQVềOPYLFFấDKNđWFÊX4XDQQLPWKLđW
kế thQJFKRUQJQèWOLQNđWOFẹQJKRFNKặSOFKD\ấ7KềFWđNKXQJ
WKâSFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJ ầFVẽGQJSKELđQWURQJOàQKYềF[\GềQJKLQ
QD\FLơPẹQJ[ẽSKLWX\đQFấDOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJSKWKXFYRWUQJWKL
OPYLFSKẹFWSFấDQKéQJESKÔQFÊXWKQKOLQNđW
%LWRQWWLQJLQầFQJKLQFẹXQKLôXQJRLOềFầFJLDWQJ
WẻQJ EặF NKQJ L FKLôX ơ SKQ WảFK WUQJ WKL OP YLF FấD NđW FÊX 7X\
QKLQWKềFWđQJRLOềFWFGQJOQNđWFÊXWKQJFẳTXLOXÔWWKD\LFKQJ
KQQKWLJLẳKRFQJÊWFẳWKơWFGQJWKHRFKLôXQ\KRFQJầFOLYặL
ELQWKD\L
9ÊQôWảQKWRQNKXQJWKâSFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJầFWKđJLặLTXDQWP
QJKLQFẹXWẻOXYKLQQD\ầFDYRSGQJWKềFWđ FậQJQK WURQJ


WLXFKXĂQWKLđWNđFấDPWVQặF
2
&FNđWTXQJKLQFẹXFấDWKđJLặLWÔSWUXQJYRQJKLQFẹXFLơPOP
YLFFấDFFOLQNđWYDUDFFPKQKYôẹQJ[ẽFấDOLQNđW
9LFQJKLQFẹXWảQKWRQNđWFÊXFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJFKR đQQD\FKấ\đX
WÔSWUXQJYRFFPKQKWX\đQWảQKKRFSKLWX\đQQKắL
&FQJKLQFẹXFKẹQJWUQJẹQJ[ẽFấDFFOLQNđWFẳFWảQKSKLWX\đQ
QGĐR
o 1KLPYầFWUDFKROXÔQQOQJKLQFẹXWảQKWRQNKXQJWKâSSKQJ
FẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJWKHRPKQKSKLWX\đQQGĐRFKãXWFGQJFấDWLWUẵQJ
WKD\LQKPOPVQJWKQVềOPYLFFấDNđWFÊXPFFPKQKWảQKWRQ
WX\đQWảQKKRFSKLWX\đQQKắLFKDSKQQKầF
2.1 Nội dung của luận án
2.Nội dung v cấu trúc của luận án
7QJTXDQYôNđWFÊXNKXQJWKâSFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJ%LWRQNKXQJWKâSFẳ
OLQNđWQẽDFẹQJOYÊQôFẳWẻUÊWOXầFQKLôXWFJLWUQNKSWKđJLặL
QJKLQFẹXJLLTX\đWWẻQJSKQWKHRWKLJLDQ%DRJắPFFFQJWUQKQJKLQ
FẹXYôFLơPẹQJ[ẽFấDOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJEQJQJKLQFẹXWKềFQJKLPY
QJKLQFẹXOệWKX\đW1KéQJFQJWUQKQJKLQFẹXYôPKQKẹQJ[ẽOLQNđW
QẽDFẹQJFFQJKLQFẹXWảQKWRQNđWFÊXWKâSFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJYặLPKQK
ẹQJ[ẽQKắLFKRELWRQWàQKOềFYQJOềFYPKQKẹQJ[ẽQGĐRFKR
ELWRQWàQKOềF0WVFFQJKLQFẹXNKFWÔSWUXQJSKQWảFKFLơPẹQJ
[ẽFấDOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJGềDWUQPKQKWKảQJKLPFKãXWLQLXKRFWL
WKD\LOSYặLQKLôXGQJFÊXWROLQNđWNKFQKDX/XÔQQWÔSWUXQJQJKLQ
FẹXWảQKWRQNđWFÊXNKXQJFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJFKãXWFGQJFấDWLQJDQJQ
LXKRFWLQJDQJWKD\LơQJKLQFẹXFWUQJOPYLFFấDWRQENđW
FÊXNKXQJGRQKKQJFấDOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJSKLWX\đQ
;\GềQJELWRQWQJTXWYôNKXQJWKâSFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJSKLWX\đQ
7KQK OÔS PD WUÔQ FẹQJ SKQ Wẽ PD WUÔQ FẹQJ NđW FÊX Fẳ [âW đQ QK
KQJGROLQNđWQẽDFẹQJWKHRQJX\QOệFKX\ơQYãNKGà;\GềQJWKXÔWWRQ

ơWảQKWRQFKRWUQJKầSNđWFÊX NKXQJFKãXWLWUẵQJẹQJYWLQJDQJQ
LXNơđQQKKQJFấDOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJWKHRPWVPKQKẹQJ[ẽNKF
QKDX
3
7ảQKWRQNđWFÊXNKXQJWKâSFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJFKãXWLQJDQJYWLWUẵQJ
ẹQJNKQJL
7ảQKWRQNđWFÊXNKXQJWKâSFẳOLQ NđWQẽDFẹQJFKãXWLOSWKHRSKQJ
QJDQJYặLPKQKẹQJ[ẽOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJQGĐR
7ảQKWRQĂ\GQ3XVKRYHUNđWFÊXNKXQJWKâSFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJFKãXWL
WUẵQJẹQJNKQJLYWLQJDQJWQJGQ
7ảQKWRQNđWFÊXNKXQJWKâSFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJFẳVềWKDPJLDFấDWLWUẵQJ
ẹQJNKQJ LầFJLLTX\đWFKRKDLWUQJKầSWLQJDQJ Q LX YWL
QJDQJWKD\LOSFKXNể
;\GềQJWKXÔWWRQYOÔSWUQKFKQJWUQKWảQKEQJQJQQJé0DWODEFẳ
ấWLQFÔ\ầFSGQJYRQJKLQFẹXYWKLđWNđ
2.2 Cấu trúc của luận án
/XÔQQJắPFẳFKQJNKQJNơSKQPXYNđWOXÔQFKXQJFấDOXÔQ
QGDQKPFFFWLOLXWKDPNKRYSKOFNƠPWKHR
Phần mở đầuWUQKE\WảQKFÊSWKLđWFấDôWLPFảFKLWầQJSKPYL
QJKLQ FẹXYFÊXWUèFFấDOXÔQQ
&KQJ7QJTXDQYôNđWFÊXNKXQJWKâSFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJWUQKE\Yô
PWVFQJWUQKQJKLQFẹXOLQTXDQFấDWFJLWURQJYQJRL QặF7UQK
E\PWVNLơXOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJSKELđQGéOLXOLQNđWFLơPYPKQK
ẹQJ[ẽOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJFFSKQJSKSSKQORLOLQNđWFLơPẹQJ[ẽ
OSFấDOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJ.đWOXÔQFKQJ
&KQJ7ảQKWRQNKXQJWKâSSKQJFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJSKLWX\đQ;\GềQJ
PDWUÔQFẹQJSKQWẽPDWUÔQFẹQJNđWFÊXWQJWKơ[\GềQJYâFWWL
QèWSKQWẽSKQJWUQKFQEQJWảQKWRQFKRWUQJKầSNđWFÊXWKâSFẳOLQ
NđWQẽDFẹQJFKãXWFGQJFấDWLQJDQJYWLWUẵQJẹQJNKQJLYặLPWV
PKQKẹQJ[ẽPPHQ-JẳF[RD\OLQNđW.đWOXÔQFKQJ

&KQJ7ảQKWRQNKXQJWKâS FẳOLQNđW QẽDFẹQJSKLWX\đQFKãXWFGQJ
FấDWLQJDQJWKD\L*LặLWKLXYôELWRQWUQKE\PKQKẹQJ[ẽPPHQ-
JẳF[RD\OLQNđWQẽDFẹQJPWVGQJWLQJDQJWKD\LầFSGQJWURQJ
QJKLQFẹX7ảQKWRQFKRWUQJKầSNđWFÊXNKXQJWKâSFẳOLQNđW QẽDFẹQJ
FKãXWFGQJFấDWLQJDQJWKD\LOS.đWOXÔQFKQJ

&KQJ7ảQKWRQNKXQJWKâSFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJFKãXWFGQJFấDWLQJDQJ
OSFKXNểYWLWUẵQJẹQJNKQJL*LặLWKLXELWRQWUQKE\FFPKQK
ẹQJ[ẽOSFKXNểTXDQKPPHQ-JẳF[RD\OLQNđW[\GềQJWKXÔWWRQYWảQK
WRQĂ\GQSXVKRYHUNđWFÊXNKXQJWKâSFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJFKãXWLWUẵQJ
ẹQJNKQJLYWLQJDQJWQJGQNKQJLFKLôX[\GềQJWKXÔWWRQY
WảQKWRQĂ\GQOSFKXNểF\FOLFSXVKRYHUNđWFÊXNKXQJWKâSFẳOLQNđWQẽD
FẹQJFKãXWLWUẵQJẹQJNKQJLYWLQJDQJLFKLôX.đWOXÔQFKQJ
Kết luận v kiến nghị của luận ánQXFFNđWTXFKảQKYẳQJJẳSPặLYô
NKRDKẵFFấDOXÔQQFậQJQKQKéQJWắQWLNLđQQJKãYFFSKQJKặQJFQ
QJKLQFẹXWLđSWKHR
3KQSKOFJLặLWKLXYQEQPQJXắQFKQJWUQKWảQKWRQầFYLđWEQJ
QJQQJé0$7/$%
5
&KQJ
TổNG QUAN về kết cấu khung thép có liên kết nửa cứng
&FFQJWUQKQJKLQFẹXXWLQYôOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJWURQJNđWFÊXNKXQJ
thép ầFPWVWFJLWKềFKLQWẻQKéQJ QPFấDWKđNễở JLDL
RQQ\FFQJKLQFẹXWÔSWUXQJYRWKảQJKLPSKQWảFKTXLOXÔWẹQJ[ẽFấD
OLQNđWơWẻẳ[\GềQJPKQKWảQKEQJWRQKẵF1KLôXQKQJKLQFẹX
[HP [âW QK KQJ PôP OLQ NđW đến ẹQJ [ẽ FấD NKXQJ WKâS; %DWKR Y
5RZDQ >@ô[XÊWSKQJSKSQJWKQJGPSKELđQơSKQ
ORLPôPOLQNđW5DWKXQ >@[HP[âWFẹQJFấDOLQNđWGẩQJ
FKRSKQJSKSSKQSKLPPHQ%DNHUY:LOOLDPV Y6RXURFKQLNRII
>@WÔSWUXQJYRQJKLQFẹXQKKQJOFFấDNKXQJFẳOLQNđWQẽD

FẹQJ
1.1 Các nghiên cứu về liên kết nửa cứng trong kết cấu khung thép
&FWFJLWLQSKRQJWURQJYLFSGQJSKQJSKSPDWUÔQFẹQJYR
WURQJELWRQSKQWảFKNKXQJFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJO0RQIRUWRQY:X
[8@7KHRẳYLF[FãQKPDWUÔQFẹQJFấDPLFÊXNLQYFFYâFWWL
WUẵQJQèWSKQWẽSKWKXFWKHRFẹQJOLQNđWWX\đQWảQK1KéQJQJKLQFẹX
YôNKXQJFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJFẳVẽGQJSKQJSKSPDWUÔQFẹQJầFèF
NđWELQKLôXQKQJKLQFẹXQK$UEDEL -RQHV *OREOH
/LJKWIRRWY/H0HVVXULHU 5RPVWDGY6XEUDPDQLDQ >@
)U\HY0RUULV [82@ OQKéQJWFJLXWLQ[HP[âWPKQKOLQNđW
SKLWX\đQWURQJNKXQJWKâS1KéQJNếWKXÔWNKFQKDXơNđWKầSPôPOLQ
NđW YR WURQJ FKQJ WUQK WảQK WRQ SKQ WảFK Q KắL Y NKQJ Q KắL FấD
khung thép[HP[âWWUQJKầSFKX\ơQYãQKYFKX\ơQYãOặQầFWUQKE\
EL FF WF JL QK $O-%HUPDQL Y .LWLSRUQFKDL %LMDDUG *DOHD
*RWR Y &KHQ /LHZ HW DO /XL Y &KHQ 3RJJ
6KLY$WOXUL >@*RWRY&KHQ >@ WUQKE\SKQJ
SKSGềDYRP\WảQKFẳWKơẹQJGQJGưGQJYRWKềFWLưQWKLđWNđFFOLQ
NđWPôPVẽGQJP\WảQKQKNKLẹQJ[ẽOLQNđWFẳWKơầFOQPKQKEQJ
FFKVẽGQJWUềFWLđSFFGéOLX WKả QJKLP KRF EQJPWWURQJFFQJ

FRQJSKQWảFKVQFẳ KRFWUQJKầS Q JLQOPKQKPW QJWKQJ
KRFKDLQJWKQJ
*HUVWOH >@ DUDSKQJSKSWKLđWNđVẽGQJP\WảQKơ[HP
[âWẹQJ[ẽWKềFFấDOLQNđW WURQJẳOLQNđWầFWKơKLQELPWOá[R[RD\
&RVHQ]D >@ SKWWULơQSKQJSKSGR*HUVWOHô[XÊWFẳNơWKPQK
KQJFấDOềFGẵF 1HHY+DOGDU Y+DOGHUY1HH >@ NLđQQJKã
VẽGQJFFSKQWẽNảFKWKặFQKơPWOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJ3KQJSKSQ\
OPWQJVEÔFWềGRWURQJPDWUÔQFẹQJ7KPYRẳ6KL FậQJ
GẩQJQKéQJOá[R[RD\FẳFWUQJSKLWX\đQQKOQKéQJSKQWẽOLQNđWF
OÔSWURQJPKQKFFOLQNđWPôP /XLY&KHQ >@QJKLQFẹXQK

KQJFấDQKéQJWKDQKJLQJYẹQJ[ẽFấDNKXQJQẽDFẹQJ
/HHY%DVX >@ SKQWảFKNKXQJQẽDFẹQJEQJSKQJSKS
FẹQJFWWX\đQFẳNơđQQKKQJGRELđQGQJOặQ 'HLHUOHLQWKềF
KLQQJKLQFẹXVGềDWUQSKQWảFKWặLKQLYặLkhung NKQJJLDQFẳOLQ
NđWQẽDFẹQJEQJSKQJSKSULUFNKặSGĐRSKLWX\đQ; +VLHKY'HLHUOHLQ
>@ ô[XÊWSKQJSKSSKQWảFKNơđQQKKQJSKLWX\đQFấDOLQ
NđW/LQNđWOPWSKQFOÔSFấDPKQKYFẳGLEQJNKQJ, hm Oậ\
WKẻDWKDPVầF VẽGQJơ PSKQJ ẹQJ[ẽSKLWX\đQFấDOLQ NđW $O-
%HUPDQLY.LWLSRUQFKDL [@ ô[XÊWSKQJSKSNơđQQKKQJGR
PôPOLQNđWWURQJSKQWảFKSKLWX\đQNKXQJNKQJJLDQ/LQNđWầF[HP
OPWOá[R[RD\, FLơPẹQJ[ẽSKLWX\đQầFPSKQJEQJFFKVẽGQJ
PKQKhm VPậ
*Q \ +R Y &KHQ [@ YÔQ GQJ SKQJ SKS EặF QK\
FẹQJFWWX\đQWURQJNếWKXÔW37++GềDWUQFKX\ơQYãFKRSKQWảFKNKXQJQẽD
FẹQJNKQJJLDQ<DXY&KDQ >@ NLđQQJKãmô KQKFKXLOá[RSKẹF
KầSWURQJẳFẳNơđQQKKQJGĐRYPôPOLQNđW
'KLOORQY20DOOH\ [81@ NđWKầSSKQWảFKNKXQJNơđQQKKQJ
GRELđQGQJOặQYPôPOLQNđWSKQJSKSQ\ầFGẩQJWURQJYLFNđW
QLYặLWLXFKXĂQ0ế/5)' /RY6WLHPHU [83@ WUQKE\SKQJ
SKSSKQWảFKNKXQJSKQJFẳOLQNđWPôPWKHRPKQK)U\HY0RUULVPD
WUÔQFẹQJFẳNơđQQKKQJGRPôPOLQNđWNđWTXSKQWảFKFKRWKÊ\
7
QKKQJQJNơđQVềSKQEQLOềFWURQJ kết cấu NKLNơđQẹQJ[ẽQẽD
FẹQJFấDOLQNđW
)DHOOD >@ YắQJWFJL WKềFKLQORLOLQNđWWKầSWẻ
WLđWGLQFKé7YặLFFWKQJVNảFKWKặFKQKKẵFNKFQKDXGặLJLDWLôXY
OSFKXNểô[XÊWPKQKJLLWảFKơPWẹQJ[ẽOSFấDOLQNđWEXOQJYặL
FFWKDQKFKé7 ;X >@ đô[XÊWSKQJSKSSKQWảFKWURQJẳNơ
đến ẹQJ[ẽPPHQ-JẳF[RD\ 0-SKLWX\đQFấDOLQNđWYQKKQJ3-' Y
3-G.LPY&KRL >@ ô[XÊWSKQJSKSSKQWảFKNKXQJNKQJJLDQ

QẽD FẹQJ Nơ đQ SKL WX\đQ KQK KẵF Y YÔW OLX, mD WUÔQ FẹQJ Nơ đQ QK
KQJGROLQNđWQẽDFẹQJYặLFLơPẹQJ[ẽầFPKQKELhm 3 tham
V .DPHVKNLY6DND >@ WUQKE\SKQJSKSWKLđWNđWLXLYặL
NKXQJWKâSQKLôXWQJFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJ SKLWX\đQ
9LW1DPWURQJFQJWUQKQJKLQFẹX>18@FFWFJLPSKQJOLQ
NđWQẽDFẹQJEQJEDOá[RKDLOá[RWKQJLGLQFKRKDLFKX\ơQYãWKQJPW
Oá[R[RD\LGLQFKRFKX\ơQYã[RD\FấDOLQNđWYSGQJYặLELWRQSKQ
WảFKNKặSGĐRWX\đQWảQKKQKKẵFFKRNđWFÊX7URQJFQJWUQKQJKLQFẹX>13@
FFWFJLWUQKE\SKQJWUQKPPHQ-JẳF[RD\FấDSKQWẽWKDQKFẳOLQ
NđWQẽDFẹQJSKWKXFKVOWễVJLéDFẹQJWKDQKYFẹQJQèWVDXẳ
WKLđWOÔSFQJWKẹFOLQKJLéDQLOềFYFKX\ơQYãKDLXPèWSKQWẽ7URQJ
FQJWUQKQJKLQFẹX [17@PSKQJOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJEQJOá[RNKQJWUẵQJ
OầQJYFẳFKLôXGLEQJNKQJWKLđWOÔS PDWUÔQFẹQJKQKKẵFSKQWẽ
GPFẳOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJTXDYLFô[XÊWSKQJSKSGẩQJWLWUẵQJGẵFWUF
WURQJFWWầFWẻPWSKQWảFKWX\đQWảQKơ[FãQKWLWUẵQJGẵFWUFWặL
KQYKVFKLôXGLQKKQJP FấDPLFWNđWFÊXNKXQJ7URQJFQJWUQK
QJKLQFẹX [@FFWFJLGẩQJPKQKOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJFẳEDOá[RKDLOá
[RFKX\ơQYãWKQJYPW Oá[RFKX\ơQYã[RD\FẳNơđQYẩQJFẹQJWLYãWUả
GP-FWWKHRPKQKEDQJWKQJ
%QFQKYLFFFWFJLWÔSWUXQJWKảQJKLPY[\GềQJPKQKWảQK
QKẳPWFJLNKFGẩQJFFNđWTXQJKLQFẹXơFKUDQKéQJQKKQJYOầL
ảFKGRYLFVẽGQJOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJWURQJNđWFÊX[\GềQJWKềFWế1P
WFJL/LQGVH\ >@ PWTX\WUQKWKLđWNđEQJYLFWKLđWNđNKXQJFẳOLQ
8
NđWQẽDFẹQJYFKRWKÊ\UQJNKXQJYặLOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJFẳWKơPDQJOLOầL
ảFKNLQKWđQKLôXKQFFNKXQJFẳNLơXOLQNđWWKQJWKQJWQJẹQJQđXQK
YLFẹQJGQJOWKảFKKầS1P1HWKHUFRW >@ ô[XÊWSKQJSKSNơ
đQQKKQJFấDPôPOLQNđWYRWKềFWLưQWKLđWNđFWYFKRWKÊ\KLX
TXWLđWNLPOUÊWUằNKLPôPOLQ NđWầF[âWđQ1PQKẳPWFJL
.LVKL >@ QJKLQFẹXWFGQJFấDYLFVẽGQJNđWKầSFFOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJ

YFẹQJYRẹQJ[ẽFấDFFFQJWUQKFDRWQJYWảQKNKWKLFấDYLFVẽGQJ
Q\QKPWầFKLXTXNLQKWđKQLYặLFFFQJWUQKFDRWQJ'KLOORQ
Y20DOOH\ >@ FKẹQJWUQJWKLđWNđVăFẳKLXTXNLQKWđFDRKQ
NKLFẳ[âWđQFFOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJ -DVSDUWQP >@ [XÊWEQFQJ
WUQKQJKLQFẹXFKXQJYôFFORLOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJYTXDQKẹQJ[ẽSKLWX\đQ
0- M7KHRWFJLQ\WURQJFFTX\SKPWKLđWNđFQFẳPWFLQKQFQ
QKFKQYôWÊWFFFWảQKFKÊWTXDQWUẵQJOLQTXDQđQOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJơW
ầFFVOệOXÔQNKRDKẵFYFẳWKơPDQJOầLảFKNLQKWđFDRKQ
6HNXORYLFY6DODWLFQP [@ ôFÔSđQWPTXDQWUẵQJFấDPôP
OLQNđWWURQJYLFQJKLQFẹXYôWFQJFấDPôPOLQNđWđQOFKFấD
NKXQJSKQJFKãXWLWUẵQJWàQK 6DNXUDLY.\VKL\DPDQP >@ QJKLQ
FẹXQKKQJELFLơPTXDQKJẳF[RD\-PPHQLYặLELđQGQJNKXQJ
QJDQJYQKÔQWKÊ\UQJVềOFQJDQJWQJOQFẩQJYặLYLFNơđQẹQJ[ẽOLQ
NđW WURQJ NKL WL WUẵQJ JLặL KQ Y QQJ OầQJ VX\ JLP QJ Nơ FẩQJ YặL
PôPOLQNđW .DPHVKNLY6DNDQP >@ WUQKE\SKQJSKSWKLđW
NđWLXLYặLFF NKXQJ WKâS FDRWQJSKLWX\đQFẳ FF OLQ NđWQẽD FẹQJ
1JKLQFẹXQ\FKRWKÊ\UQJ, QđXFLơPẹQJ[ẽWKềFFấDOLQNđWầF[âW
đQ WURQJ FF NđW TX WảQK WRQ WKLđW Nđ WK Vă OP FKR NđW FÊX QKê KQ
+DGLDQIDUGY 5D]DQLQP >@ QJKLQFẹXWPTXDQWUẵQJFấDYLFNơ
đQẹQJ[ẽWKềFFấDOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJWURQJSKQWảFKắQJWKLFậQJFKUDUQJ
WURQJPWVWUQJKầSOệWQJKẳDOLQNđWFẳWKơGÂQWặLYLFQKJLTX
WKÊSYôOềFWFGQJYOFKFấDNKXQJ
+LQQD\WUQWKđ JLặLPWVTXL SKPWKLđWNđLYặLFQJWUQKNđWFÊX
WKâSFẳNơđQPôPFấDOLQNđWQK4X\SKPWKLđWNđWKHRVẹFEôQ$,6&
4XLSKPWKLđWNđWKHRẹQJVXÊWFKRSKâS$6'7KLđWNđNđWFÊX

WKâSWKHR7LXFKXĂQ$QK%67LXFKXĂQFấD+LSKLWLXFKXĂQ&DQDGD
&$16-0&6$Y7LXFKXĂQ&KX{X(852&2'(
7X\ QKLQ QL GXQJ SKQ WảFK FK ô FÔS đQ OLQ NđW ULQJ ELW Y FKD Fẳ
SKQJSKSFWKơơẹQJGQJYR ELWRQSKQWảFKNđWFÊXNKXQJWQJWKơ

&FYêQợc nghiên cứu
*Nghiên cứu về đặc tính lm việc của liên kết nửa cứng:
-7KềFQJKLP
-/ệWKX\đW
-&FPKQKWLXFKXĂQ
*Nghiên cứu tính toán kết cấu có liên kết nửa cứng
-7ảQKWRQNKXQJFKãXWLWUẵQJWàQKOềFPKQKWX\đQWảQKPKQKSKLWX\đQ
-7ảQKWRQNKXQJFKãXWLWUẵQJWKD\LPKQKWX\đQWảQKPKQKSKLWX\đQ
QKắL
- 7ảQKWRQNKXQJFKãXWLWUẵQJQJOềFPKQKWX\đQWảQKPKQKSKLWX\đQ
QKắL
& V Gé OLX OLQ NđW ầF WKXWKÔS Wẻ NđW TX WKả QJKLP WKềFWđ L YặL
QKLôXORLOLQNđWNKFQKDX7KQJWLQFKLWLđWYôORLWKâSVẽGQJWQFấDFF
QKQJKLQFẹXYWKLLơPWKềFKLQFFFXFWKẽQJKLPFậQJầFWUQKE\
\ ấWURQJFFFVGéOLX0WVPKQKGềRQTXDQKJẳF[RD\-mô
PHQFậQJầFDYRFVGéOLXơVRVQKYặLFFNđWTXWKẽQJKLPNơ
FYLFô[XÊWFFQJFRQJTXDQKJẳF[RD\-PPHQWKảFKKầSFKRYLFS
GQJYRWKLđWNđ6DX\O PWVFVGéOLXLQWẽầFSKWWULơQEL
FFQKQJKLQFẹXầFWÔSKầSYèFNđWWẻYVNđWTXWKẽQJKLPLYặL
QKLôXORLOLQNđWNKFQKDXầFWKềFKLQWẻWUặFđQQD\
1.2 &FFVậGìOLảX về liên kết nửa cứng
1.2.1 Cơ Sở Dữ Liệu Goverdhan
9RQPWFJL*RYHUGKDn >@ [@ [\GềQJFVGéOLXOLQ
NđWPUQJWKXWKÔSWẻFFNđWTXWKảQJKLPầFWKềFKLQVDXQP'é
OLXJẳF[RD\-PPHQầFWÔSKầSOXWUéWURQJP\WảQKGặLGQJFVGé
OLX0WYLSKQJWUQKGềRQcũng ầFWUQKE\ FKRWẻQJOLQNđW F

WKơ QKOLQNđWFẳKDLWKâSJẳFEQJPWWKâSJẳFEQJFẳWÊPFẹQJX
FFOLQNđWWKâSJẳFJLWUQYGặLFẳKRFNKQJFẳWKâSJẳF
1.2.2 Cơ Sở Dữ Liệu Nethercot

9R QP WF JL 1HWKHUFRW >@ >@ WÔS KầS Gé OLX Wẻ KQ
QJKLQFẹXEQJWKảQJKLPULQJELWWUQFFOLQNđWWẻGPWKâSđQFW, Fẳ
KQ WKẽ QJKLPULQJELWầFNLơP WUD 7ẻ Ê\ WFJLSKQWảFKY
FKẵQOẵFUDQKéQJWKQJWLQGéOLXKéXảFKSKFYFKRFQJYLFQJKLQFẹXVDX
Q\+XKđWNđWTXWKẽQJKLPFấDFFORLOLQNđWEQJEXOQJSKELđQôX
ầFWUQKE\WURQJFVGéOLXQ\
1.2.3 Cơ Sở Dữ Liệu Kishi v Chen
9RQP.LVKLY&KHQ >@>@WKềFKLQFQJWUQKQJKLQFẹX
WRQGLQEDRKPFFGéOLX YôOLQNđWGP-FWKđWTXFWUQJYôẹQJ[ẽ
JẳF[RD\-PPHQYFWUQJFKẵFFấDQKLôXORLOLQNđWGP-FW SKELđQ
KDLWKâSJẳFEQJWKâSJẳFJLWUQYGặLFẳKRFNKQJFẳKDLWKâSJẳF
bụng) ầFVẽGQJWKQJ[X\QWURQJYLFWKLFQJNđWFÊXWKâSầFVX
WÔSYOXJLéWURQJFVGé OLXWL7UQJL+ẵF3XUGXH 0ế&VGéOLX
ny cũng EDRJắPNđWTXWKảQJKLPWUQFFOLQNđWEQJLQKWQEXOQJY
OLQNđWKQầF[XÊWEQWẻQPđQ'ềDYRFV GéOLXny,
PWVPKQKWRQKẵFYSKQJWUQKGềRQTXDQKPPHQ-JẳF[RD\
ầFô[XÊWơSKWWULơQSKQJSKSSKQWảFKWKLđWNđNKXQJQẽDFẹQJ
1.2.4 Cơ Sở Dữ Liệu Abdalla v Chen
1P QKẳP WF JL $EGDOOD Y&KHQ >@ >@ WKềF KLQ YLF P
UQJTXLPLYặLFVGéOLX.LVKLY&KHQầF[\GềQJWUặFẳWL
WUQJLKẵF3XUGXH, EQJFFKNơđQFFGéOLXWKẽQJKLPEVXQJWUQ
OLQNđWFẳWÊPFẹQJXYKDLWKâSJẳFEQJYặLFFOLQNđWFẳWKâSJẳF
JL
0ẫWVẩloại mKãQKỉQJ[ệTXDQKảPPHQ-góc xoay liên kết nửa cứng
1KQẳLWUQGéOLXWKảQJKLPYôFLơPẹQJ[ẽJẳF[RD\-PPHQ
OLQNđWOUÊWQKLôXGRẳYLFSKL[HP[âWWÊWFFFGéOLXWKẽQJKLPOLQ
TXDQNKLWKềFKLQSKQWảch LYặLPWNLơXOLQNđWULQJELWVăSKẹFWS9
11
YÔ\FQWKLđWơ[\GềQJPKQKẹQJ[ẽFKRFFOLQNđWULQJELWGềDWUQF
VGéOLXVQFẳQKPPFảFKPSKQJFLơPẹQJ[ẽWKềFFấDOLQNđW

EQJFFKPWRQKẵF
7URQJNếWKXÔWDVFFNđWTXầFWKơKLQELPWVGQJQJFRQJ
WKảFKKầSGềDWUQGéOLXWKảQJKLPVQFẳFấDWẻQJORLOLQNđWULQJELWKRF
PWVORLOLQNđWNKFQKDXQKPFẳWKơLGLQFKRTXDQKẹQJ[ẽPPHQ
- JẳF[RD\FấDFFNLơXOLQNđWWQJẹQJẳPNKQJFQSKLWKềFKLQTX
WUQK[ẽOệFFGéOLXWKảQJKLP'ềDWUQNếWKXÔWPSKQJWRQKẵFQKLôX
PKQKNKFQKDXầFô[XÊW
FLơPẹQJ[ẽQ\ầFWKơKLQELắWKãPWTXDQKPPHQXGP
0YJẳF[RD\WQJLOLQNđWGP-FWT KQK
+QK1/LQNđWGPYRFW Y đFLơPSKQORLOLQNđW
&KRđQQD\FFQKQJKLQFẹXQOềFSKWWULơQQKLôXORLPKQKNKF
QKDXơPSKQJFLơPẹQJ[ẽWKềFFấDOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJ&ẳEQORLP
KQKPWTXDQKPPHQ-JẳF[RD\OLQNđWSKELđQầFSKQORLQKVDX
1.0KãQKSỉQJấQJFRQJKD\OPKãQKWRQKF
\OPKQKKắLTX\QJLQWUQKE\TXDQKPPHQ- JẳF[RD\FấD
GP YRFWWKHRGéOLXWKảQJKLP1KéQJQJKLQFẹXPặLQKÊWFẳNơđQYLF
ẹQJGQJFFKPQJLQFKRPKQKOLQNđWQKPKQKWX\đQWảQK%DNHU
QJWKQJQJWKQJ QJWKQJ0HOFKHUVY.DXU
0RQFDU]Y*HUVWOH5RPVWDGY6XEUDPDQLDQ >@
7X\QKLQKPWX\đQWảQKầFFKèệQKLôXQKÊWWURQJFFYÊQôWKLđWNđNđW
FÊXFậQJQKFFSKQPôPSKQWảFKNđWFÊXKLQQD\&FKPGQJDWKẹF
ầFô[XÊWEL6RPPHUQP)U\HY0RUULV PUQJNđW TX
12
QJKLQFẹXFấD6RPPHUơFẳWKơSGQJFKRQKLôXNLơXOLQNđWWKQJGQJ
1JRLUDFáQFẳKPDWKẹFGQJ %-VSOLQH ầFô[XÊW EL-RQHVHWDO QP
KP Oậ\ WKẻD ầF ô [XÊW EL %DWKR Y /DVK QP &ROVRQ Y
/RXYHDX.ULVKQDPXUWK\FFắQJWFJL5LFKDUG5LFKDUGY
$EERWW.LVKLY&KHQFFKPFKXLầFô[XÊWEL.LVKLY&KHQ
QP/XLY&KHQQP<HHY0HOFKHUVQP >@
0KQKWRQKẵFWKảFKKầSơSGQJLYặLFFNLơXOLQNđWWURQJSKPYLF

VGéOLXYôOLQNđWầFGẩQJơ[\GềQJ PKQK WảQK+QFKđFấDPKQK
WRQKẵFOFKDWKơKLQUằUQJVềẳQJJẳSFấDWẻQJESKÔQcấu thnh OLQNđW
đến FLơPẹQJ[ẽFKXQJFấDOLQNđW >@7X\QKLQ\OSKQJSKSQ
JLQP YÂQ PSKQJầFFLơP ẹQJ [ẽ WKềFFấDOLQNđWQQ ầF ẹQJ
GQJQKLôXWURQJWKềFWđ
1.3.2 Mô hình giải tích:
0 KQK Q\ WKQJ ầF GẩQJ ơ Gề RQ FẹQJ EDQ X Y NK QQJ
PRPHQWWặLKQFấDOLQNđWGềDWUQTXDQVWWKảQJKLPWURQJẳQJX\QQKQ
FKảQKFấDELđQ GQJYFFÊXSKKRLầF[FãQKFẹQJYVẹFNKQJFấD
OLQNđWWPầFEQJFFKGẩQJSKQWảFKNđWFÊXQKắLYQJX\QWFWKLđWNđ
WUQJWKLJLặLKQ1KéQJNđWTXQJKLQFẹXYôPKQKJLLWảFKầFWKềF
KLQGR QKẳPFFWFJLQK&KHQYRQPWFJL.LVKLY&KHQQP
WÔSWUXQJQJKLQFẹXWUQOLQNđWEQJWKâSJẳFYFFWFJLNKFQK
:KLOVW-RKQVRQ/DZ<HHY0HOFKHUV >@
1.3.3 Mô hình cơ cấu
0KQKầFKQKWKQKWẻYLFWKầSẹQJ[ẽFFESKÔQFẹQJYPôPcấu
WKQKOLQNđWơPSKQJẹQJ[ẽFấDOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJFLơPẹQJ[ẽSKL
WX\đQFấDOLQNđWWKHRPKQKFFÊXFẳầFWKQJTXDTXDQKẹQJ[ẽNKQJ
QKắLFấDFFSKQWẽOá[R9YÔ\PKQKQ\FáQầFJẵLOPKQKOá
[R 0 KQK F FÊX ầF SKW WULơQ EL :DOHV Y 5RVVRZ QP
&KPLHORZLHFY 5LFKDUGQP, 7VFKHPPHUQHJJQP QKKQJFW
WLYẩQJSDQHOWURQJOLQNđWGP-FWFậQJầF[HP[âWWKROXÔQEL/LHZY
&KHQQP, 6FKQHLGHUQP >@
13
1.3.4 Mô hình phần tử hữu hạn:
0KQKQ\ầFSKWWULơQEL.ULVKQDUQXUWK\ >@OQJL[HP
[âWđQPôPFấDOLQNđWFẳWÊPFẹQJXGPYặLEXOQJ7FJL$KXMD
QPQặLUQJFQJYLFFấD.ULVKQDUQXUWK\YặLEXOQJ1KéQJQJKLQ
FẹXNKFWUQORL OLQNđWFẳWÊPFẹQJX GPKRFWKHRNLơXFKé7FậQJ
ầFQJKLQFẹXELFFWFJLQK7DUS\Y&DUGLQDOQP*KDVVHPHLK

YR QP QKẳP WF JL .XNUHWL QP %DKDDUL Y 6KHUERXQUQH QP
+XKđWFFNđWTXQJKLQFẹXVẽGQJPKQK37++ôXGềDWUQVềP
SKQJWKHRẹQJ[ẽFKLôXFấDFFESKÔQOLQNđW9LFVẽGQJPKQKJLL
WảFKơPW\ấFFẹQJ[ẽEDFKLôXFấDWẻQJESKÔQWURQJOLQNđWOUÊW
NKẳWKềFKLQ7KHRFFKQ\ PKQK 37++FKRNđWTX NKFKảQK[FWX\
QKLQGRWảQKSKẹFWSQQNKQQJẹQJGQJ FáQKQFKđKQVRYặLFFP
KQKNKF
0WVPKQKWRQKẵFSKELđQ WKơKLQTXDQKPPHQ-JẳF[RD\EDR
JắP P KQK WX\đQ WảQK$UEDEL .DZDVKLPD Y )XMLPRWR &KDQ
PKQKKDLQJWKQJ6LYDNXPDUDQ<RXVVHI-$JKDP
KQKEDQJWKQJ6WHOPDFN*HUVWOHPKQKDWKẹF)U\HY
0RUULV P KQK D WX\đQ % &R[ -RQHV P KQK QJ
WKQJ ELQ $O-%HUPDQL =KX P KQK Oậ\ WKẻD %DWKR Y /DVK
.ULVKQDPXUWK\ &ROVRQ Y /RXYHDX .LVKL Y &KHQ D
.LQJY&KHQPKQK5DPEHUJ-2VJRRG 5DPEHUJ-2VJRRG6KLY
$WOXUL P KQK 5LFKDUG-$EERWW 5LFKDUG-$EERWW *DRY+DOGDU
PKQKFKXL&KHQ-/XL /XLY&KHQYPWVPKQKNKF
0ẫWVẩPKãQKWRQKFSKặELàQYOLQNàWQệDFỉQJ
1.0KãQKQWX\àQYDWX\àQ (hình 1.2)
0 KQK WX\đQ WảQK PW QJ WKQJ X WLQ ầF ô [XÊW EL 5DWKEXQ
QP 0RIRUWRQ Y :X QP /LJKWIRRW Y /H0HVVXULHU QP
7URQJẳFFWFJLVẽGQJWUãVFẹQJEDQXN
m
ơLGLQẹQJ[ẽOLQ
NđWLYặLWRQEFFWUQJWKLWLWUẵQJ

4XDQKPPHQ-JẳF[RD\FấDPKQKWX\đQWảQKFẳWKơầFYLđWQJLQ
WKHRTXDQK0 N
m
u

M7URQJẳN
m
OFẹQJEDQXFấDOLQNđW\O
PKQKOLQNđWQJLQQKÊWWURQJẳFK\XFXPWWKDPVOFẹQJEDQ
X
0KQKKDLRQWKQJGRQKẳPWFJL7DUS\Y&DUGLQDOô[XÊWQP
/XLY&KHQQP >@FKRWKÊ\PSKQJWWKQYôẹQJ[ẽOLQNđWWURQJ
ẳGFEDQXFấDJẳF[RD\-PPHQầFWKD\WKđELPWJẳFQQJKQWL
LơPFKX\ơQWLđS 0KQKWX\đQWảQKQKLôXRQWKQJQJFRQJSKLWX\đQ
TXDQKPPHQ-JẳF[RD\ầFWRELQKLôXSKQRQQJWKQJ
+QK2*LQắFFPKQKQKLôXRQWKQJ
1.4.2 Mô hình KPđa thức
1KẳPWFJL)U\H Y0RUULVQP >@ SKWWULơQ PKQKDWKẹF
QKLôXRQWKQJQKPGềRQẹQJ[ẽFấDPWVORLOLQNđW7URQJPKQK
Q\TXDQKFấDJẳF[RD\-PPHQầFLGLQELPWKPDWKẹFOậ\WKẻD
OĐWKHRFQJWKẹFVDX
I &
1
.0
1
&
2
.0
3
&
3
.0
5

7URQJẳ.OPWWKDPVWLXFKXĂQSKWKXFYRORLOLQNđWYNảFKWKặF

KQKKẵF; &
1
&
2
Y&
3
OFFKQJVQJFRQJWảFKKầS
FẹQJFấDOLQNđWFẳWKơWầFEQJPWSKQJWUQK
4
3
2
21
)(5)(3
1
KMKCKMKCKC
d
dM
k
r


I

15
7URQJNKLOLQNđWFKãXTXWUQKGWLKRFJLDWLFẹQJKLQWKLVăEQJYặL
FẹQJEDQXNKLẳ
0
1
1
1

r
MM
r
k
KCd
dM
k
ii



I

0WWURQJQKéQJXLơPFấDPKQK)U\HY0RUULVOPKQKQ\SKẩKầS
YặLQKLôXORLOLQNđWSKELđQLYặLPKQKQ\YLFVẽGQJSKQJSKS
OSFẹQJWLđSWX\đQFẳWKơJ\UDFẹQJWLđSWX\đQPWLYẩQJOằPFấDắ
WKãQJFRQJ'RYÔ\SKQJSKSOSFẹQJFWWX\đQầFVẽGQJNKLJLL
FFSKQJWUQKFQEQJNđWFÊXSKLWX\đQQKPNKFSKFKQFKđWUQ
1.4.3 Mô hình Oề\WKếD
0WVPKQKGẩQJKPOũy WKẻDầFô[XÊWFKRFFORLOLQNđWNKF
QKDX7URQJVẳPKQKOậ\WKẻDQJLQKDLWKDPVầFJầLệELQKẳP
WFJL%DWKRY/DVKYRQP >@YQKẳPWFJL.ULVKQDPXUWK\QP
FẳGQJWQJTXWQKVDX
I D[0
E

WURQJẳDYEOFFWKDPVWKDFFLôXNLQD!YE!
1PQKẳPWFJL&ROVRQY/RXYHDX >@ WUQKE\PKQKKPOậ\
WKẻDEDWKDPVFẳGQJQKVDX
á

á

ã
ă
ă
â
Đ


n
u
r
M
M
k
M
1
1
0
I

WURQJẳN
UR
OFẹQJEDQXFấDOLQNđW0
u
OPRPHQWặLKQQOKVKQK
GQJ
1KẳPWFJL.LVKLY&KHQQP >@ FậQJô[XÊWPWPKQKOậ\WKẻD
WQJWềFấDFFWFJL&ROVRQY/RXYHDXYFẳGQJ
n

n
u
r
M
M
k
M
1
0
1
á
á

ã
ă
ă
â
Đ


I


&FWFJL:XY&KHQQP >@FKRUQJQJFRQJ0-I NKQJWULUD
YFẩQJPầFJLặLKQWKHRTXLOXÔW[FãQK'RYÔ\FFWFJLô[XÊW
PWPKQKOậ\WKẻDNKFơPWFLơPQ\WKHRSKQJWUQKVDX
á
á

ã

ă
ă
â
Đ

o
e
u
n
n
M
M
I
I
1log.

WURQJẳI

OPWJẳF[RD\WKDPNKREQJ0

.U
R

1.4.4 Mô hình chuỗi
1KẳPWFJL/XLY&KHQQP >@ OQXWLQô[XÊWPKQKFKXLD
WKDPVFẳGQJVDX
I
I
rp
f

m
j
f
j
i
k
jeje
C
MM
á
á

ã
ă
ă
â
Đ


Ư

2
exp
2
1

0KQKQ\FKRFKảQK[FWQJWềYặLmô KQKB-VSOLQH7X\QKLQQđXFẳ
PW Về WKD\ L W QJW Yô GF FấD QJ FRQJ 0- WK P KQK Q\
NKQJ WKơ L GLQ \ ấ WKHR QK JL FấD WF JL :X 'R ẳ QP
.LVKLY&KHQFLWLđQPKQKFKXLFấD/XLY&KHQQKPWQJNK

QQJSẹQJYặLVềWKD\LWQJWYôGFFấDQJFRQJ0-, ELơX
WKẹFTXDQKầFYLđWOLQKVDX
>@
ƯƯ






ô
ô
ơ
ê
á
á

ã
ă
ă
â
Đ

q
p
ppp
m
j
f
ji

HD
je
CMM
11
).(
2
exp1
IIII
I

7QJWềQPQKẳPWFJL<HHY0HOFKHUVFậQJWUQKE\PWPKQK
FKXLWKDPVFấDFFOLQNđWEXOQJFẳGQJQKVDX




ô
ô
ơ
ê




ô
ô
ơ
ê



p
kpki
p
M
CRR
MM
TT
)(
exp1

7URQJẳ0
p
ONKQQJPPHQGĐRFấDOLQNđW5
NL
OFẹQJOLQNđWGĐREDQ
X5
kp
OFẹQJOLQNđWY&OPWKQJVPNLơPVRWGFFấDQJ
FRQJ0
p
, R
NL
Y5
kp
ầF[FãQKEQJSKQWảFKJLLWảFK<HHY0HOFKHUV
Y&ầF[FãQKGềDYRNđWTXWKảQJKLP
1.0KãQKấQJWKQJELQ
17
$O-%HUPDQLY=KX >@ô[XÊWPKQKQJWKQJELQ
\XFXEQWKDP V1JX\QOệFấDPKQKOFKLDQJFRQJWKQKEDSKQ

3KQPWYSKQEDOQKắLWX\đQWảQKYGĐRWX\đQWảQKRQWKẹKDLJLéD
OQJFRQJWUQ7UQWRQWX\đQPPHQNKQJầFYLđWQKOKPQ
JLQFấDJẳF[RD\OLQNđWPPHQOLQ NđWầF[FãQKOậ\WLđQWKHRFFJLD
VPPHQ
Ư
dMM
WURQJẳ
cc
dSdM
I

FẹQJWLđSWX\đQFấDQèW6
c
FẳFFJLWUãVDX
6
c
N

NKL
1
mM
;
)(
0
1
0
kk
MM
mM
kS

p
Yc
c




; NKL
21
mMm d

6
c
N
p
kKL
2
mM t
\
cpc
cpY
kMmkMm
II

21
;
WURQJẳN

OFẹQJEDQXN
p

OFẹQJELQ0
Y
OPPHQGĐRY0
&
O
PPHQELQ
+QK0KQKQJWKQJELQ +QK50KQK5DPEHUJ-2VJRRG
1.0KãQK5DPEHUJ-Osgood
0KQK5DPEHUJ-2VJRRGEDQXầFô[XÊWFKRTXDQKẹQJVXÊW-ELđQ
GQJSKLWX\đQEL5DPEHUJ-2VJRRG >@ YầFFKXĂQKẳDEL$QJY
0RUULV+PVTXDQKFẳGQJ



ô
ơ
ê

1
000
)
)(
(1
)(
n
c
kM
KM
kM
KM

I
I
YặLFẹQJWLđSWX\đQFấDOLQNđW6
c
O
1
0
00
)(
1
/)(




ô
ơ
ê


n
c
kM
KM
n
KM
S
I

18

7URQJ ẳ .0

Y
0
I
O FF KQJ V ầFãQK QJKàD WL LơPJLDRFấD FF
QJ FRQJ 5DPEHUJ-2VJRRG Q O WKDP V KQK GQJ k O K V NKQJ WKẹ
QJX\QSKWKXFYRORLOLQNđWYWKQJVKQKKẵF



m
j
aj
j
qK
1
WURQJẳT
M
OWUãVFấD WKDPVNảFKWKặF WKẹMD
M
OWKQK SKQ
NKQJ WKẹ QJX\Q WQJ ẹQJ YặL QK KQJ FấD WKDP V NảFK WKặF WKẹ M OQ
QJFRQJPPHQ-JẳF[RD\POWQJVFFWKDPVNảFKWKặFLYặLORL
OLQNđWWQJẹQJFẹQJEDQXFấDOLQNđW
0
c
S
WảQKWKHRFQJWKẹFVDX
0

0
0
0
)(
II
KM
d
dM
S
M
c



1.4.7 Mô hình Richard-Abbott
0 KQK5LFKDUG-$EERWW >@ FẳWKDPVầFô[XÊWQP4XDQK
PPHQ-gẳF[RD\ầFELơXGLưQWKHRFQJWKẹF
cp
n
n
cp
cp
k
M
kk
kk
M
I
I
I






ô
ô
ơ
ê




/1
0
)(
1
)(

FẹQJWLđSWX\đQ
p
nn
n
cp
p
c
c
k
M
kk

kk
d
dM
S
c





ô
ô
ơ
ê





/)1(
0
)(
1
)(
I
I
I

7URQJẳNOFẹQJEDQXN
p

OFẹQJWLEôQ0

OWUãVPPHQWKDP
FKLđXQOWKDPVKQKGQJ
1JRLUDQKẳPWFJL:XY&KHQQP >@ ô[XÊWPKQKOũy WKẻD
WKDPVLGLQFKRẹQJ[ẽ0-I FấD FFOLQNđWWKâSJẳFJLWUQYGXặL
WKảFKKầSFẳKRFNKQJFẳFFOLQNđWKDLWKâSJẳFEQJ0KQKQ\ầF
WUQKE\EQJFQJWKẹFVDX



ô
ơ
ê
á
á

ã
ă
ă
â
Đ

0
1ln
T
T
n
n
M

M
r
u


7URQJẳ0
u
OPPHQFFÊXGĐRT

OJẳF[RD\WKDPFKLđXYQOWKDPV
PÂX0
u
Y5
NL
FẳWKơầFOÊ\WKHRNLQKQJKLPWURQJNKLẳWKDPVPÂXQ
ầFOÊ\ELYLFFKLDJLặLKQFẩQJYặLFFGéOLXWKảQJKLP
7FJL&KLVDODQPUèWUDPWPKQKVPậPặLJắPWKDPVQKP
PWPLTXDQKJẳF[RD\WX\đQWảQK0-FKRFFOLQNđWGP-đến-FWL
YặLPWWKâSJẳFEQJKDLWKâSJẳFEQJFFOLQNđWWKâSJẳFJLWUQY
GXặLWKảFKKầSFẳKRFNKQJFẳFFOLQNđWKDLWKâSJẳFEQJPKQKQ\
ầFWUQKE\QKVDX
>@
>@
00
/.exp(1.. MKKMM
ip
II


7URQJẳ0

R
OKQJVFKQ.
L
OFẹQJGĐREDQXFấDOLQNđWY.
p
O
FẹQJGĐRVDXFẩQJFấDOLQNđW
1KẳPWFJL/HHY0RRQQP >@ FậQJô[XÊWPKQKOJDUảW
QKPPWPLTXDQK0-MFấDFFOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJKDLWKâSJẳFEQJ
FFOLQNđWWKâSJẳFJLWUQYGXặLWKảFKKầSPKQKầFWUQKE\QK
VDX
>@
n
nM )1.10.ln(.
3

MD

7URQJẳD YQ OFFOFFWKDP VPÂXầF[F ãQKEQJFFKVẽGQJ
SKQJSKSEQKSKQJFềFWLơXLYặLVDLSKQJLéDFFPPHQGềRQY
FFGéOLXWKảQJKLP
1.5.1 3KQJSKSphân loại theo Bjorhovde
1.5 0ẫWVẩSKQJSKSphân loại liên kết nửa cứng
%MRUKRYGH [@ ô[XÊWSKQJ SKS SKQ ORL Q\YR QP OLQ NđW
ầFSKQORLWKHREDWLXFKảYôEôQFẹQJYPôP3KQJSKSQ\
Fẳ QKéQJ ẹQJ GQJ WKềF WLưQ FKR YLF WKềF KLQ WKLđW Nđ NKXQJ QẽD FẹQJ P
NKQJFQSKLWUX\FÔSYRGéOLXOLQNđWFKLWLđWVẽGQJWKảFKKầSFKRQKéQJ
WUQJKầSWURQJẳNKQJELđWUằYôFKLWLđWFÊXNLQWUặFNKLWKềFKLQWKLđWNđ
NđWFÊX
7X\QKLQWKHRQKẳPWFJL*RWRY0L\DVKLWD ) WKSKQJSKSSKQ

ORLQ\NKQJWKơFXQJFÊSQKéQJWKQJWLQKLXTXYôẹQJ[ẽWQJWKơFấDkết

cấu NKXQJ WF JL 1HWKHUFRW WK QẳL UQJ YLF SKQ ORL OLQ NđW EL
SKQJSKSQ\FẳWKơSGQJFKRWUQJKầSOLQNđWOPYLFEQKWKQJY
WUQJKầSWặLKQ)ROH\Y9LQQDNRWD SKWELơXWKPUQJSKQJSKS
Q\NKQJWKơQKJLLYặLFFNKXQJWKâSWURQJWKềFWđ
1JRL WF JL %MRUKRYGH WF JL 6]OHQGDN QP SKW WULơQ PW
SKQJSKSSKQORLWKQJQKÊWFKRYLFẹQJGQJFFORLOLQNđWGP-FW
1KẳPWFJL*RWRY0L\DVKLWDQP FậQJSKWWULơQPWSKQJSKS
SKQORLLYặLFFOLQNđWGP-FWFẳ[âWđQUDQKJLặLJLéDOLQNđWFẹQJY
QẽDFẹQJ0KQKOLQNđWầFVẽGQJFKRSKQORLQ\OPWPKQKOậ\
WKẻD KQK
+QK 4XDQ K P PHQ-JẳF
[RD\ PW V OLQ NđW EX OQJ SK
ELđQ
0WFLơPOLQNđW
/LQNđWFẳWKâSJẳFEQJGP

/LQNđWFẳWÊPXGP
/LQNđWFẳWKâSJẳFFQKWUQY
GặL
/LQNđWFẳWKâSJẳFFQKWUQ &
GặLYKDLEQEQJGP
/LQ NđW Fẳ WÊP X PèW Y NKQJ
JQJLDFQJ
/LQNđWFẳWÊPXPèWYJQJLD
FQJ
/LQNđWGQJ7-VWXE
1.5.2 3KQJSKS SKQORLWKHRWLXFKXăQ(XURFRGH
7LX FKXĂQ (XURFRGH FKR SKâSWảQKJQèQJJLWUãJẳF[RD\ FXQJ cấp

KQKGQJYFKLWLđWFFESKÔQFÊXWROLQNđWPWFFKWKXÔQOầLKQắQJ
WKLFậQJGềRQầFẹQJ[ẽWQJWKơFấDOLQNđW&FOLQNđWầFSKQORL
WKHRKDLWLXFKảYôFẹQJYEôQNKQJFQFẹWKHRPôPGềDWUQF
VQKJL FLơPẹQJ[ẽWQJWKơFấDOLQNđW
1.5.2.1 Phân loại theo độ cứng (hình 1.7)
&KLDWKQKEDORLOOLQNđWQèWFẹQJQèWNKặSYQèWQẽDFẹQJSKWKXF
YRFẹQJJẳF[RD\FấDOLQNđW7URQJẳ
21
Liên kết nèWNKặSOQèWFẳNKQQJWUX\ôQOềF NKQQJWUX\ôQPPHQOEQJ
NKQJKRFNKQJQJNơơQKKQJđQẹQJ[ẽFKXQJFấDKNđWFÊX
Liên kết nút cứngOQèWFẳFẹQJJẳF[RD\ấơFẳWKơSKQWảFKQKQèWOLQ
WF
Liên kết nút nửa cứngOQèWFẳFLơPNKQJWKXFQèWNKặSYQèWFẹQJ1èW
QẽDFẹQJFẳNKQQJWUX\ôQOềFYPPHQ
+QK73KQORLOLQNđWWKHRFẹQJ
K
E
OJLWUãWUXQJEQKFấD,
E
/L
E
FKRWÊW
FFFGPWLFFWQJWUQ
K
c
OJLWUãWUXQJEQKFấD,
c
/L
c
FKRWÊW

FFFFWWURQJFẩQJPWWQJ
,
E
OP PHQTXQWảQKFấDGP
,
c
OPPHQTXQWảQKFấDFW
L
E
OQKãSGPWảQKWẻWPđQWPFW
L
c
OFKLôXFDRFW
Vùng 1: liên kết nút cứng
1đX6
MLQL
t k
E
(,
E
/L
E
\
k
E
L YặL NKXQJ Fẳ JLQJ JLP
ầFKQFKX\ơQYãQJDQJ
k
E
LYặLFF ORL NKXQJ NKF

WURQJẳPLWQJ.
E
/K
c
t
6
MLQL
OFẹQJOLQNđWEDQX
Vùng 2: liên kết nút nửa cứng
7ÊWFQèWQPWURQJYẩQJVăầF
SKQ ORL O QèW QẽD FẹQJ &F QèW
WKXFYẩQJKRFFậQJFẳWKơầF
[HP O QẽD FẹQJ Wẩ\ WUQJ KầS F
WKơ
Vùng 3: liên kết nút NKặS
1đX6
MLQL
t (,
E
/L
E
LYặLNKXQJFẳ.
E
/K
c
FFQèW
VăầFSKQORLQẽDFẹQJ
1.5.2.2 Phân loại theo độ bền:
0WOLQNđWFẳWKơầFSKQORLWKQKOLQNđWQèWEôQQèWNKặSYQèWEQ
EôQFQFẹYRVRVQKJLéDVẹFNKQJPPHQWKLđWNđ0

M5G
FấDOLQNđWYặLVẹF
NKQJPPHQWKLđWNđFấDFÊXNLQầFOLQNđW
Liên kết nút NKặSOOLQNđWFẳNKQQJWUX\ôQOềFNKQQJWUX\ôQPPHQO
EQJNKQJKRFNKQJQJNơơQKKQJđQẹQJ[ẽFKXQJ FấDKNđWFÊX
22
0WQèWầF[HPONKặSNKL0
M5G
NKQJOặQKQOQPPHQNKQJWKLđW
NđầF\XFXơOQèWEôQ
Liên kết nút bềnOOLQNđWFẳVẹFEôQWKLđWNđNKQJQKKQVẹFEôQFấDFÊX
NLQầFOLQNđW
Liên kết nút bán bềnOOLQNết NKQJWKXFWUQJKầSOLQNđWQèWNKặSKRF
OLQNđWQèWEôQ
1.5.2.3 Các bộ phận cơ bản cấu thnh nút OLQNàW WKHR(& (hình 1.8)
+QK8&ấu WRQèWNLQNđW +QK&FYẩQJẹQJVXÊWFấDQèW OLQNđW
FLơPẹQJ[ẽFấD OLQNđWSKWKXFYRVềOPYLFFấDWẻQJESKÔQFÊXWR
WKQKOLQNđW KQK FLơPẹQJ[ẽSKLWX\đQFấDOLQNđWQẽDFẹQJGR
PWVQJX\QQKQFEQQKVDX &KHQ/XL%DUDNDW
- 7ảQKNKQJOLQWFYôYÔWOLXGROLQNđWầFOSUSWẻQKLôXESKÔQcấu
thnh OLQNđWQKEXOQJWKâSJẳFWKâSWÊPFLơPQ\FKRSKâSFF
ESKÔQGãFKFKX\ơQWQJLYWUầWQJÂXQKLQOQQKDXNKLFKãXFFFÊS
WLNKFQKDX
- %LđQ GQJ FK\ GĐR FF E WL PW V E SKÔQ FÊX WKQK OLQ NđW \ O
QJX\QQKQFKấ\đXKQKWKQKẹQJ[ẽSKLWX\đQFấDOLQNđW
- 6ềWÔSWUXQJẹQJVXÊWYELđQGQJGRFFOEXOQJGROềFVLđWFFEXOQJ
ơOLQNđWFFESKÔQOLQNđWOLYặLQKDX
- 6ềPÊWQãQKFFEFấDSKQFQKKRFEQJFt-GPWLFFYẩQJOQFÔQ
OLQNđW
- 6ềWKD\LFWUQJKQKKẵFFấDNđWFÊXGặLQKKQJFấDQJRLOềF

1.5.2.4 ƯFLPứng xử PPHQ-JF[RD\ OLQNàW (hình 1.10)
23
0WQèWOLQNđWFẳWKơầFPSKQJELPWOá[R[RD\ầFOLQNđWWLJLDR
LơPFấDWUFWUXQJWPFÊXNLQYLơPJLDRFWảQKFấDOá[RFẳWKơầF
GLưQWWKHRPLTXDQK SKLWX\đQJLéDPPHQ-JẳF[RD\OLQNđW
+QK1FLơPPPHQ-JẳF[RD\OLQNđW
D6ỉFNKQJPPHQ
&FFWUQJcơ học của nút liên kết gồm có:
0
M5G
EQJYặLPPHQOặQQKÊWFấDQJTXDQKPPHQ-JẳF[RD\
7LXFKXĂQ(&FKUDJLLWKXÔWơWảQKEôQPPHQOLQNđW0
UG
WURQJ
3URFHGXUH-7KHRTXLWUQKQ\VẹFNKQJPPHQFấDWÊWFFFESKÔQ
WURQJYẩQJWặLKQầF[FãQKOVẹFNKQJ\đXQKÊWLGLQFKREôQOLQ
NđW
>@
Ư

iRdtiRd
hFM
.
; 7URQJẳ)W
L5G
OJLWUãWKLđWNđKLXTXFấDPWKQJEX
OQJh
L
ONKRQJFFKWẻKQJEXOQJđQWPNKQJFấDYẩQJQâQ
EẫFỉQJJF[RD\:

6
M
OFẹQJFWWX\đQWQJẹQJYặLGFFấDJẳF[RD\I
;G
NKLPPHQOLQ
NđW0
M(G
YẻDWđQ0
M5G
FẹQJJẳF[RD\EDQX6
MLQL
WQJẹQJYặLGF
GLQKắLFấDQJTXDQKPPHQ-JẳF[RD\
.KLOềFGẵF1
(G
WLQèWOLQNđWNKQJOặQKQNKQQJFKãXOềFGẵFFấDWLđW
GLQ1
SO5G
FẹQJJẳF[RD\6
M
FấDQèWGP-FWNKLPPHQ0
M(G
0
M5G
FẳWKơ
WảQKWKHRFQJWKẹF
Ư

i
i

j
k
Ez
S
1
2
P

7URQJẳ k
L
OKVFẹQJFấDESKÔQWKẹL; ]OFKLôXGLFQKWD\áQ

P OWễVFẹQJ6
MLQL
6
M
P WQJẹQJYặLWUãVFẹQJEDQX6
MLQL

7ễVP ầF[FãQKQKVDX
Nếu 0
M(G
d0
M5G
P
Nếu 0
M5G
d 0
M(G
d 0

M5G
P 0
M(G
0
M5G

\
F.KQQJJF[RD\
I
&G
EQJYặLWUãVJẳF[RD\OặQQKÊWFấDQJTXDQKPPHQ-JẳF[RD\ầF
[FãQKQKKQKVDX\
+QK11FLơP[FãQKJẳF[RD\WặLKQFấDOLQNđW
Mô hình tái bền độc lập Kishi - Chen:
1.6 Mô hình ỉQJ[ệOƯSFKXNTXDQKảPPHQJF[RD\OLQNàWQệDFỉQJ
0KQKWLEôQFOÔSOPKQKSKELđQGẩQJơPWẹQJ[ẽOSFấDOLQ
NđWFKãXWLOSFKXNể >@0KQKQ\NKQJ[HP[âWVềVX\JLPFẹQJY
OặQPPHQGĐREDQXFấD OLQ NđWFFFLơP FKẵFFấD OLQ NđWO
NKQJWKD\L0KQKQ\SKẩKầSYặLDVFFORLOLQNđWLơQKQK
25
+QK 12 4XDQ K P PHQ-JẳF [RD\ WKHR P KQK .LVKL-&KHQ ãQK QJKàD
EQJFQJWKẹF
)(
c
fM
I

WURQJẳ
)(
c

f
I
OKPVSKWKXF
c
I
>@NKQKEWXTXDJFWẵD YFFQKQKOSđLTXDFFLơP
p
I

QPWUQWUFKRQKKD\OWUFFẳPPHQ0 YWKHRVDXẳOFFQKQK
2$%&KRF'(, WÊWFVăWKXFQKQKJLDWL0'0!4XDQKPPHQ-
JẳF [RD\ WKHR FQJ WKẹF
)(
pc
fM
II

, FẹQJ WLđS WX\đQ O
pcc
c
c
d
dM
S
III
I



>@NKQKOJLPWLNKL0'0JLQJQKFFQKQK$%&'VăFẳPậLWQ

KặQJ Yô WUF KRQK Y Fẳ GF EQJ YặL FẹQJ EDQ X
0
c
S
, LơP SKQ
QKQK$
),(
aca
M
I
VăầF JKL QKặ WẵDFKRFF QKQKOSVDX4XDQKP
PHQ-JẳF[RD\WKHRFQJWKẹF
)(
0
ccaca
SMM
II


WUãVFẹQJWLđSWX\đQOLQNđW6
c

0
c
c
c
S
d
dM
S

I
WURQJẳPPHQRFKLôX0
a
ầFWảQKWKHRFQJWKẹF
)(
pcaa
fM
II

>@1đXOLQNđWJLPWLWẻ $Yô)Y VDXẳWQJWLQJKãFKWẻ)Yô$QKQK
TXDQKVăOQJWKQJVRQJVRQJYặLQJWKQJFẹQJEDQX
0
c
S
FKR
đQNKLWđQWUãVPPHQRFKLôXWUặFẳO0
a
.KLOLQNđWFKãXJLDWL
WKP0'0!QKQKTXDQKVăLWKHRKặQJ$*YặLJFWẵDầFOÊ\WL
LơP
p
I
[\UDWUặFẳ 4XDQKPPHQ-JẳF[RD\WKHRFFFQJWKẹFVDX
)(
0
cacca
SMM
II

NKL

a
MM

)(
pc
fM
II

NKL
a
MM t

FẹQJWLđSWX\đQWQJẹQJVăO
0
c
SS
NKL
a
MM
;
pcc
c
c
d
dM
S
III
I



NKL
a
MM t
1.7 Mô hình liên kết dầm-FẫWYấQJƯFWẵQKOLQNàWQệDFỉQJ

×