Thuyết trình chủ đề mobile network technology evolution

Mobile Network
Technology Evolution
Nhóm 2:
Cao Hữu Vũ Lam
13070241
Huỳnh Tấn Lộc
13070245
Lê Ngọc Dương Thanh 13070261
Nguyễn Anh Tuấn
13070274


Content
5G
4G
3G
2G
1G
0G
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Early Wireless
∗ Wireless communication is the transfer of information over
a distance without the use of enhanced electrical
conductors or "wires”
∗ Smoke signals

Radio Transmitter

∗ Flag signals

∗ Radio

3


0G
∗ Mobile Radio Telephone System
∗ Pre-cellular system
∗ Half-Duplex communication
∗ Use in cars or trucks
∗ 20Km range

4


1G
∗ Introduced in the late 1970s and early 1980s
∗ Operates in the 900MHz frequency range
∗ Analog signal
∗ Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

5


1G - FDMA
∗ Breaks up the available frequency into 30 KHz channels
∗ Allocates a single channel to each phone call
∗ The device can then transmit on this channel

Frequency

∗ No other device can share this channel even if the person is not
talking at the time
∗ A different channel is required to receive

∗ The voice/sound is transmitted as analogue data

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1G - FDMA
∗ The available bandwidth of the common channel is divided
into bands that are separated by guard bands
∗ No sharing of the
frequency bands,
idle if not used
∗ High quality analog
filters or large guard
band required
7


1G - Cellular
∗ Cellular Architecture
∗ Allows the area to be broken into smaller cells
∗ The mobile device then connects to the closest cell
Cell
Cell
Cell
Cell

Cell
Cell

Cell
Cell

Cell
Cell

Cell
Cell

Cell
Cell

Cell
Cell
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1G - Cellular
∗ Cellular architecture requires the available frequency to be
distributed between the cells
∗ If 2 cells next to each other used the same frequency each
would interfere with each other
Cell
Cell

Cell

Cell

9


1G - Cellular
∗ Cells with the same number have
the same set of frequencies
∗ Adjacent channel interference
can be controlled with transmit
and receive filters

10


1G - Handover
∗ Handover allows the user to move between cells
∗ After a certain distance the amount of data which is sent in
error becomes greater than the data sent correctly at this
point you need to connect to a new cell which is closer
Tra
n
Tra
n

BS: Base Station

BS2

sm

issi
on

sm
issi
on

BS

1

BS
2

BS1

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1G - Handover
∗ Handover is decided upon by the BS
∗ All BS in the area of the current location are informed to start
paging the device
∗ The BS with the strongest signal is then handed over
∗ The call can continue
∗ In reality a lot of calls were dropped while waiting for a
handover to take place
BS2

BS1 12

2G
∗ Introduced in the 1990’s
∗ Fully digital network
∗ Features
∗ Phone calls
∗ Voice mail
∗ Receive simple email messages

∗ Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
∗ Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
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2G - TDMA
∗ Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
∗ Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) was defined
by ETSI in 1989
∗ Based on the idea to break individual frequencies into 8
timeslots of 0.577ms length (total 4.615ms)
∗ Each mobile device uses a particular slot different from slots
used by other users

14


2G - TDMA
Time
Frequency

Multiframe
Frame 1

Slot 1

Slot 2

Frame N

Slot i

Slot 8

……..

Slot 1

Slot 8

15


2G - TDMA
∗ Non-continuous transmission
∗ Guard times needed
∗ Data transmission in bursts
∗ Low battery consumption

∗ Easy handover because of

idle times

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2G - CMDA
∗ Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
∗ Each user is assigned a unique code,
which used to encode its data signal
∗ The receiver, knowing the code of
the user, decodes the received signal
and recovers the original data

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2G - CMDA
∗ Simple idea of communication with code

18


2G - CMDA

19


2G - CMDA
∗ Decode

20


2G - Handover

21


2G - SIM
∗ GSM system introduced Subscriber Identity Card (SIM)
∗ SIM card is a chip based smart card that stores:
∗ A list of customized short dialing numbers
∗ Short message
∗ Names of preferred networks to
provide service

∗ User will only have access to GSM services with
mobile device if he/she has already subscribed
to these services
∗ User may have to enter a Personal Identification Number (PIN)
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2.5G
∗ GPRS stands for General Packet Radio Service
∗ Also known as 2.5G
∗ Standard developed by ETSI and 3GPP
∗ Provides packet-switched capability to GSM networks
∗ Connects GSM networks to IP networks
∗ Theoretical maximum data rate of 171.2 Kbps

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2.5G
∗ Features includes:
- Phone calls/fax
- Voice mail
- Send/receive large email messages
- Web browsing
- Navigation/maps

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2.75G
∗ Enhanced Data GSM Evolution (EDGE)
∗ Also known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS) or 2.75G
∗ The network architecture used is the same
as that of GPRS
∗ Enhanced modulation and
coding techniques yield
higher data rates
∗ Higher speed packet switching method
∗ Data transfers to around 237 kbps

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