Tài liệu ôn thi THPT quốc gia môn tiếng anh 2016 cực hay (Phần 10 - Giả định cách - Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh)

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GIẢ ĐỊNH CÁCH (SUBJUNCTIVE) - P1
I. Tóm tắt lý thuyết
1. “Wish” sentence
A. Wish + to do / wish somebody something / wish somebody to do something.
I wish to pass the entrance exam.
I wish you happy birthday.
I wish you to become a good teacher.
Chú ý: trong trường hợp này, chúng ta có thể thay thế “wish” bằng “want” hoặc “would like”
I would like / want to speak to Ann.
Câu mơ ước phải lùi một thì
B. Wish (that)+ subject + past tense : thể hiện sự nuối tiếc trong hiện tại, điều không có thật ở hiện tại
I don't know the answer. I wish I knew the answer.
I wish I knew his address. (thật ra tôi không biết địa chỉ của anh ta)
I wish I had a car.
I wish I were rich.
Chú ý: trong câu “wish” không có thật ở hiện tại, dùng “were” nếu là động từ tobe cho tất cả các ngôi.
C. Wish (that) + subject + past perfect: thể hiện sự tiếc nuối trong quá khứ
I didn't go to his party. I wish I had gone to his party.
I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.(sự thực là tôi đã tiêu rất nhiều tiền)
I wish I had seen the film last night. (sự thực là tôi không xem phim tối qua)
D. A + wish (that) + B + would do something: phàn nàn hoặc muốn thay đổi tình huống hiện tại ( A, B là
hai người khác nhau)
I wish they would stop making noise.
I wish it would stop raining hard in summer.

I wish she could meet me next week.
2. “If only” sentence: giá như…..
A. If only + present tense / future tense: diễn tả hi vọng trong tương lai
If only he comes in time = we hope he will come in time.
If only he will listen to her = we hope he will be willing to listen to her.
B. If only + simple past: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở hiện tại
If only there were snow in summer. We could go skiing.
If only he would join our party.
C. If only + past perfect: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở quá khứ
If only the Bush government hadn’t spead war in Irak, million people there wouldn’t have been killed.
D. If only ….would do….= person A wish person B would do something
You are driving too dangerously. If only you would drive slowly
= I wish you would drive slowly
3. “As if/as though” sentence
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A. As if/as though + simple past: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở hiện tại
It’s very cold today. It looks as if/as though it were autumn now.(thực ra bây giờ đang là mùa hè)
He isn't my father. He is talking as if he were my father.
B. As if/as though + past perfect: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở quá khứ
The whole were seriously damaged. It looks as if it had been destroyed by bombs. (thực ra đó là do động
đất)

He talked as if he had gone to London.
C. As if/as though + present tense: mô tả hành động có thật
It looks as if it is going to rain. (Trông trời như sắp mưa)
He appears running from a fierce dog.
–> It looks as if he is running from a fierce dog.
4. Other subjunctive structures
• It’s time somebody did something: đã đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì ở hiện tại.
The exam is coming. It’s time they worked hard.
Chúng ta có thể dùng cấu trúc “It’s high time somebody did something” để nhấn mạnh hơn ý muốn nói.
It’s high time we started.
It was time sb had done
Ví dụ: It was time they had left for their office.
• Person A would rather person B did something: đề nghị ai đó một cách lịch sự ở hiện tại
A: Would you mind if I smoke?
B: I’d rather you didn’t smoke.
I 'd rather you didn't talk in class now.
would rather sb had done sth:
I'd rather they had prepared more food last week.
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES – SUBJUNCTIVE
Type 2, 3, Mixed
I work at night, so I can't attend evening classes.
If I didn't work at night, I could attend evening classes.
I didn't catch the plane. I didn't meet him there.
If I had caught the plane, I would have met him there.
I didn't change my job. I am poor now.
If I had changed my job, I would be rich now.
That Should

It + be + adj + that + sb + (should) do
It + be + adj + that + sth + be + done

• Một số tính từ đòi hỏi mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, trong câu bắt buộc phải có that và động từ
sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to: advised, necessary, recommended, important, obligatory /
mandatory (bắt buộc), required, imperative (=vital: quan trọng), proposed, suggested, important / crucial /
essential / vital (quan trọng), urgent, desirable
It is necessary that he find the books.
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It was urgent that she leave at once.
It has been suggested that income tax be abolished.
It has been proposed that we change the topic.
Lưu ý: Nếu muốn cấu tạo phủ định đặt not sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ to.
It is necessary that he not find the books.
It has been proposed that we not change the topic.
Nếu bỏ that đi thì chủ ngữ 2 sẽ biến thành tân ngữ sau giới từ for, động từ trở về dạng nguyên thể có to và
câu mất tính chất giả định trở thành dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp.
It is necessary for him to find the books.
It is necessary for him not to find the books.
II. Tài liệu đọc thêm
Dùng với động từ.
Bảng sau là những động từ đòi hỏi mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định và trong câu bắt buộc phải
có that trong trường hợp đó.
advise

ask
Command
decree
demand

insist

Move

order

prefer

stipulate

Recommend

request

require

propose

Suggest

urge

Động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể không chia bỏ to. Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt not sau
chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ to.
Subject + verb + that + S + [verb in simple form]

- Thí dụ:
The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking.
The doctor suggested that his patient not stop smoking.
+ WE DEMAND THAT HE DO IT.
+ THE PRESIDENT REQUESTS THAT YOU BE PRESENT AT THE MEETING.
Trong ngữ pháp Anh-Anh trước động từ ở mệnh đề 2 thường có should, người Anh chỉ bỏ should khi sau
nó là động từ to be.
Lưu ý:
- Câu giả định dùng với 2 loại trên thường được dùng trong các văn bản hoặc thư giao dịch diễn đạt lời
đề nghị từ phía A -> B mà không có tính bắt buộc.
- Không chỉ có động từ và tính từ mới được dùng theo dạng này, tất cả các danh từ xuất phát từ những
động từ và tính từ trên đều buộc mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, nếu như nó diễn đạt các yếu tố trên.
There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking.
It is recommendation that the vehicle owner be present at the court
* Những động từ có thể dùng SUBJUNCTIVE đằng sau hoặc có thể dùng trong cấu trúc ” Động từ + Đại
từ tân ngữ + Động từ nguyên mẫu có TO “:
ASK, ORDER, REQUIRE, URGE
- Thí dụ:
+ WE ASK THAT SHE BE PRESENT.
+ WE ASK HER TO BE PRESENT.
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Question 30: It is imperative ______ what to do when there is a fire.
A. he must know about

B. that everyone know

C. that he knew

D. we knew

Trong câu có tính từ imperative nằm trong danh sách các từ dùng hiện tại giả định nên mệnh đề đi sau
dùng should + nguyên mẫu hoặc nguyên mẫu. Tương tự như câu:
It’s necessary that this parcel BE CHECKED before delivering.
NECESSARY nằm trong cụm giả định “obligatory, proposed, required, advised, suggested,
necessary, recommended, mandatory, important, imperative, mandatory, proposed, suggested” nên
sau nó phải là BARE INF (1 dạng rất hay cho trong đề ĐH)

III. Bài về nhà
Exercise 1. Fill in the blanks below with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Negative, passive
and continuous subjunctive forms are possible.
1. It's important that she (remember) to take her medicine twice a day.
2. I suggest that Frank (read) the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle. He doesn't want the
wheels to fall off while he is riding down a hill
3. Mrs. Finkelstein demanded that the heater (repair) immediately. Her apartment was freezing.
4. It's vital that the United States (focus) on improving its public education system. What we do now will
affect our country for generations to come.
5. The monk insisted that the tourists (enter) the temple until they had removed their shoes.
6. I am not going to sit here and let her insult me. I demand that she immediately (apologize) for what she
just said.
7. Judy asked that we (attend) her graduation ceremony next week.
8. Was it really necessary that (sit) I there watching you the entire time you were rehearsing for the play?

It was really boring watching you repeat the scenes over and over again.
9. It is important to remember that Janine (think) very differently from you. She may not agree to the
changes you have made in the organization of the company.
10. It's a little difficult to find the restaurant. I propose that we all (drive) together so that nobody gets lost
along the way.
11. The woman insisted that the lost child (take) to store's information desk so his parents could be
paged.
12. The nutritionist recommended that Sally (reduce) her daily fat intake.
13. The environmental leader felt it was extremely important that the people of the city (allow) to voice
their concerns over the new hotel being built on the bay.
14. She told me that the government (regulate) the airline industry. I don't know if that is true.
15. The sign at the pool recommended that you (swim) after eating a large meal.
16. It is necessary that a life guard (monitor) the summing pool while the children are taking their
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swimming lessons.
17. The sun is scorching today. I suggest you (put) on sunblock immediately before you get a sun burn.
18. John insists that Sarah (invite) to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend.
19. I think it's an interesting fact that she (come) from Estonia.
20. It is imperative that the world (work) towards a solution to global warming before the weather
patterns of the world are disrrupted irreparably.
Exercise 2. Fill in the blanks below with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

1. Alice didn't get a good grade. She wishes she (work) ............. harder.
2. Tom likes football very much. He wishes he (become) ............. a professional football player.
3. He was running very fast when he had a heart attack. If only he (not/run)....... so fast.
4. She's keen on computers. She wishes she (study)..... computer science next school year.
5. I am sorry I don’t know how to use the computer. If only I (know) ........ how to use it.
6. I stayed late at work and missed the last bus. I wish I (stay) ......... at work late
7. I wish I ....... (talk) to him yesterday.
8. I need help badly. If only you ..........(can) help me.
9. My old car often breaks down. I wish I ...........(buy) a new car.
10. He didn't pass the exam. If only he ..........(work) hard.
11. She was absent. I wish she (attend).......... the conference.
12. What a beautiful house! I wish I ...........(have) a house like this one.
13. I wish I ........ (be) rich. I would buy a farm and enjoy the calm of the countryside.
14. They had that bad accident because they were careless. If only they.......(be) more careful.
15. We saw the film. I wish you .......... (see) it with us. It was an amazing evening.
16. I like traveling around the world. If only I .......... (have) time to realize my dream.
KEY
Exercise 1.
1. remember

2. read

3. be repaired

4. focus

5. not enter

6. apologize

7. attend

8. be sitting

9. thinks

10. drive

11. be taken

12. reduce

13. be allowed

14. regulates

15. not swim

16. monitor

17. put

18. be invited

19. comes

20. work

Hướng dẫn một số câu khó:
Question 5 Explanation:

Trong câu giả định với động từ ''insist'' , mệnh đề phải ở dạng giả định, bắt buộc có that và động từ sau
chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ “to”.Ở dạng phủ định là ''not'' + V nguyên thể không có " to"
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Question 8 Explanation:
Trong câu giả định, sau các tính từ ''necessary'', mệnh đề phải ở dạng giả định, bắt buộc có'' that '' và động
từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ “to”. Trong câu mệnh đề biểu thị tiếp diễn thì theo cấu trúc : ''It’s
+ adj + that + S2 + be + V-ing''.
Question 9 Explanation:
Câu giả định với tính từ '' important'' loại bỏ '' that'' nên động từ sau chủ ngữ hai phải chia theo chủ ngữ
chính trong câu, mà chủ ngữ chính trong câu là ngôi thứ 3 số ít nên động từ không thể chia dạng nguyên
thể.
Question 12 Explanation:
It’s + N phrase (a/an + adj + N) + that clause (S2 + V2 + O), thì đông từ 2 được chia theo chủ ngữ 2. Đây
không phải cấu trúc giả định.
Exercise 2.
1. had worked

2. became

3. hadn't run

4. studied

5. knew

6. had not stayed

7. had talked

8. could

9. bought

10. had worked

11. had attended

12. had

13. were

14. had been

15. had seen

16. had

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GIẢ ĐỊNH CÁCH (SUBJUNCTIVE) – PHẦN 2
I. Bài tập chữa trong video
Ex. 1: Present Subjunctive
Choose the most appropriate answer.
1. I demand that he …………… immediately.
A. apologize
B. shall apologize
C. will apologize

D. has apologized

2. I suggested that she …………… her lawyer before signing the contract.
A. consults
B. shall consult
C. will consult
D. should consult
3. It is necessary that everything …………… ready by two o'clock tomorrow.
A. be
B. was
C. were
D. would have been
4. They recommend that she …………… to a ski resort in Spain.
A. will go
B. would have gone C. should go

D. should have gone

5. It is advisable that you …………… your application as soon as possible.
A. submit
B. will submit
C. will have submitted D. should have submitted
6. He decided to go inside the haunted house, ……………what may.
A. come
B. comes
C. should come

D. would come

7. It is strange that he
so upset about such a trifle, isn't it?
A. were
B. shall be
C. should be

D. have been

8. The doctor insisted that she …………… at the hospital.
A. stay
B. stays
C. will stay

D. has stayed

9. She suggested that we …………… in the lobby of the hotel at 9:00 a.m.

A. shall meet
B. will meet
C. should meet
D. would have met
Ex. 2: Conditionals
Choose the most appropriate answer.
1. I like this coat. If it ……………cheaper, I would buy it.
A. is
B. would be
C. were

D. had been

2. If I …………… you, I would call him.
A. am
B. would be

D. had been

C. were

3. She would write to him if she ………… his address.
A. knows
B. would know
C. knew

D. had known

4. Even if I had enough money, I ………… buy this car.
A. could

B. might
C. would

D. would not


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5. What would happen if someone ………… this button accidentally?
A. will press
B. would press
C. pressed

D. had pressed

6. What would you do if you ………… a million dollars?
A. have
B. had
C. had had

D. would have

7. If I had a bicycle, I ………… for a ride with you.
A. can go
B. could go
C. could have gone

D. would have gone

8. I hope she ………… mind if I stayed here.
A. doesn't
B. won't

D. would

C. wouldn't

9. ………… Mrs. Green call, tell her I'll be back around four o'clock.
A. Could
B. Might
C. Should

D. Would

10. She would be disappointed if we ………… her a present.
A. won't bring
B. wouldn't bring
C. didn't bring

D. hadn't brought

Ex. 3: Conditionals
Choose the most appropriate answer.
1. If I ………… her telephone number, I would have called her.
A. knew
B. had known
C. would know

D. would have known

2. If he ………… harder, he would have passed his exams.
A. studied
B. had studied
C. would study

D. would have studied

3. If he ………… us, we wouldn't have finished our work so quickly.
A. hasn't helped
B. didn't help
C. hadn't helped

D. wouldn't help

4. If I ………… enough money, I could have stayed at a five-star hotel during my vacation.
A. had
B. had had
C. would have
D. would have had
9. If you had asked him, he ………… able to help you.
A. was
B. had been
C. would be

D. would have been

5. They ………… for a picnic yesterday if the weather had been warmer.
A. would go

B. would have gone C. went
D. had gone
6. It ………… if he had been more attentive.
A. did not happen
B. had not happened C. would not happen D. wouldn't have happened
7. If he hadn't been so busy at work last week, he …………more time with his children.
A. may spend
B. might spend
C. could spend
D. could have spent
8. We were terribly late. If we had taken a taxi instead of a bus, we ………… on time.
A. could arrive
B. may arrive
C. might arrive
D. might have arrived
10. ………… I known his true intentions, I would not have allowed him to stay in my house.
A. Have
B. Had
C. Should
D. Were


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Ex. 4: Wishes
Choose the most appropriate answer.
1. He likes to swim. He wishes he . ………… near the sea.
A. lives

B. lived
C. had lived

D. would live

2. It's cold today. I wish it . ………… warmer.
A. is
B. has been
C. were

D. had been

3. I wish I . ………… the answer, but I don't.
A. know
B. knew
C. had known

D. would know

4. She wishes she . ………… blue eyes.
A. has
B. had

D. would have

C. had had

5. She wishes she . ………… a movie star.
A. is
B. were

C. will be

D. would be

6. I have to work on Sunday. I wish I . ………… have to work on Sunday.
A. don't
B. didn't
C. won't
D. wouldn't
7. I wish you . …………borrow my things without permission.
A. don't
B. won't
C. shouldn't

D. wouldn't

8. He wishes he . ………… buy a new car.
A. could
B. might
C. should

D. would

9. She misses him. She wishes he . ………… her a letter.
A. has sent
B. will send
C. would send

D. would have sent

10. I wish I . ………… help you.
A. can
B. could

D. would

C. will

Ex. 5: Wishes
Choose the most appropriate answer.
1. She didn't come to his birthday party yesterday. He wishes she .…………
A. has come
B. came
C. had come
D. would come
2. I said that her cooking was terrible. I wish I ………… that.
A. didn't say
B. hadn't said
C. wouldn't say

D. wouldn't have said

3. Her new car consumes a lot of gas. She wishes she ………… a different car.
A. has bought
B. bought
C. had bought
D. would buy
4. Their trip to China was very interesting. I wish I …………there with them.
A. could go
B. might go

C. had gone
D. might have gone
5. Our picnic was a lot of fun. I wish the weather ………… warmer, though.
A. was
B. were
C. had been
D. would have been
6. He enjoyed talking to them. He wished they ………… so quickly.
A. left
B. had left
C. did not leave
D. had not left


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7. Several companies had vacancies for college graduates. He wished he …………to college.
A. went
B. was going
C. had gone
D. had been going
8. They disagree on everything and fight all the time. They wish they ………… married.
A. didn't get
B. hadn't got
C. wouldn't get
D. wouldn't have got
9. He didn't visit her yesterday, but he wishes he ………….
A. has

B. did
C. had

D. would

10. He did it again, but I wish he ………….
A. hasn't
B. didn't
C. hadn't

D. wouldn't

Ex. 6: Real or Unreal
Real or unreal? Indicative Mood or Subjunctive Mood? Choose the most appropriate answer.
1. They treat her as if she ………… their daughter.
A. is
B. was
C. were
D. has been
2. Take an umbrella. It looks as if it …………rain.
A. is going to
B. was going to
C. were going to

D. might be

3. She described that place as if she ………… it before.
A. visited
B. has visited
C. had visited

D. were visiting

4. Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? – Well, I'd rather………… a new TV show.
A. watch
B. watched
C. had watched
D. would watch
5. It is time you ………… a better job.
A. find
B. found

C. had found

D. would find

6. It's high time he ………… smoking.
A. stop
B. stops

C. stopped

D. had stopped

7. I'm going shopping. If I ………… enough money left, I'll buy a couple of toys for you.
A. have
B. had
C. have had
D. had had
8. If I ………… a chance to see her again, maybe I could explain everything.

A. have
B. had
C. have had
D. had had
9. If only I ………… how to find her now!
A. know
B. knew
C. had known

D. would know

10. Suppose he ………… elected last year. Do you think he would have approved this project?
A. was
B. were
C. has been
D. had been
II. Bài về nhà
Exercise 1.
Part A. Use the word "that" to begin a clause after the verb.
Examples: I asked them to be quiet. / The thief told her to give him the money.


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I asked that they be quiet. / The thief demanded that she give him the money.
1. She asked him to fix the computer.
She requested _______________________________________________.
2. Sandra wanted the post office to hold onto her mail.

Sandra asked _______________________________________________.
3. The judge told the lawyer to be quiet.
The judge insisted ___________________________________________.
4. My supervisor said it would be a good idea for me to accept this new position.
My supervisor suggested ______________________________________.
5. "He should fix it himself," I said.
I suggested _________________________________________________.
Part B. Change each command to a sentence that uses the subjunctive mood in the clause following the
verb.
6. "Give me a refund," John told the clerk.
John demanded _________________________________________________.
7. "Could you help me move some boxes," Tom asked me.
Tom requested __________________________________________________.
8. " Can you work this weekend?" Sue's boss asked. (Sue is a woman.)
Sue's boss asked _________________________________________________.
9. "Stop drinking so much!" Bill's wife told him.
Bill's mother demanded ____________________________________________.
10. "Take a vacation," our boss told us.
Our boss insisted _________________________________________________.
Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer for each question.
1. I don't understand this point of grammar. I wish I ______ it better.

A. understood

B. would understand

C. had understood

2. It never stops raining here. I wish it ______ raining.
A. stopped

B. would stop

C. had stopped

3. I should never have said that. I wish I ______ that.


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A. didn't say

B. wouldn't say

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C. hadn't said

4. I miss my friends. I wish my friends ______ here right now.
A. were

B. would be

C. had been

5. I speak terrible English. I wish I ______ English well.
A. spoke

B. would speak

C. had spoken

6. I cannot sleep. The dog next door is making too much noise. I wish it ______ quiet.
A. kept

B. would keep

C. had kept

7. This train is very slow. The earlier train was much faster. I wish I ______ the earlier train.
A. caught

B. would catch

C. had caught

8. I didn't see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent. I wish I ______ it.
A. saw

B. would see

C. had seen

9. I went out in the rain and now I have a bad cold. I wish I ______ out.
A. didn't go

B. wouldn't go

C. hadn't gone

10. This movie is terrible. I wish we ______ to see another one.
A. went

B. would go

C. had gone

11. I hate living in England. It's cold and it's damp. I wish I ______ in Spain.
A. lived

B. would live

C. had lived

12. I love California. I wish I ______ there right now.
A. were

B. would be

C. had been

13. My car is too small. I wish I ______ a bigger one.
A. had

B. would have

C. had had

14. I was only in Miami for a week. I wish I ______ more time there but I had to go on to New York.
A. had

B. would have

C. had had

15. My face is bright red. I wish I ______ in the sun so long yesterday.
A. didn't sit

B. wouldn't sit

C. hadn't sat

16. It was supposed to be a secret. I wish you ______ him.


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A. didn't tell

Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP

B. wouldn't tell

C. hadn't told

17. They didn't offer me the job. I wish they ______ it to me.
A. offered

B. would offer

C. had offered

18. You're always moaning about something or other. I wish you ______

A. shut up

B. would shut up

C. had shut up

19. I hate having red hair. I wish I ______ blonde hair.
A. had

B. would have

C. had had

20. This exercise is very boring. I wish the teacher ______ us some more interesting things to do.
A. gave

B. would give

C. had given

KEY
Exercise 1.
Part A.
1. She requested that he fix the computer.
2. Sandra asked that the post office hold onto her mail.
3. The judge insisted that the lawyer be quiet.
4. My supervisor suggested that I accept this new position.
5. I suggested that he fix it himself.
Part B.
6. John demanded that the clerk give him a refund.

7. Tom requested that I help him move some boxes.
8. Sue's boss asked that she work this weekend.
9. Bill's mother demanded that he stop drinking so much.
10. Our boss insisted that we take a vacation.
Exercise 2.
1. A

2. B

3. C

4. A

5. A

6. B

7. C

14. C

15. C 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. B

8. C

9. C

10. C 11. A 12. A 13. A

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Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG – KHÓA NGỮ PHÁP

Đảo ngữ (P1)
Trong tiếng Anh,một số trạng từ, cụm trạng từ phủ định phần lớn dùng với các ngữ cảnh phủ định.Những
trạng từ, cụm trạng từ này có thể được nhấn mạnh bằng cách đặt ở đầu câu hay mệnh đề và theo sau là
sự đảo ngược động từ. Cách đảo động từ giống như cách cấu tạo câu hỏi (trừ một số trường hợp đặc biệt).
Sau đây là những loại câu nhấn mạnh dùng đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh.
He is tall  I am, too= So am I
He isn’t tall I am not, either = Neither am I
I don’t like him Nor do I = Neither do I
I don’t like him, nor do I hate him: Tôi không thích anh ta và cũng không ghét anh ta
I.

Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT.
No + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb ( inf).
Not any + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb ( inf).
I won’t lend you any money from now on.


Not any/No money will I lend you from now on.

Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in tragedy.
II.

Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định NEVER ( không bao giờ, chưa bao giờ) , RARELY ( ít
khi), SELDOM ( hiếm khi), LITTLE ( hầu như không), HARDLY EVER ( hầu như không
bao giờ)
Never
Rarely
Seldom

+ Auxiliary + S + verb ( inf) Little

Hardly ever
She has never seen such a beautiful house in her life
 Never in her life has she seen such a beautiful picture.
I seldom listen to Rock music.
 Seldom do I listen to Rock music.
He hardly ever speaks in the public.
 Hardly ever does he speak in the public.
There was no precedent for the King’s resignation.
 Never before had any King resigned.
This is the first time I have seen such an interesting film.


Never before have I seen such an interesting film.

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The way so much money has been spent on so little purpose must be a record.


Never before has so much money been spent on so little purpose.

Đảo ngữ với ONLY:

III.

Only once ( chỉ một lần)
Only later ( chỉ sau này)
Only in this way ( chỉ bằng cách này)
Only in that way ( chỉ bằng cách đó)
Only then ( chỉ khi ấy)

+ Auxiliary + S + verb ( inf)

Only after + Noun/ V-ing/clause ( chỉ sau khi)
Only by + noun/ V-ing ( chỉ bằng cách)
Only when + clause ( chỉ khi)
Only if + clause ( chỉ nếu)
Only with + Noun ( chỉ với)
Only in + adverb of time/ place ( chỉ vào/ chỉ ở)
Only once have I met her
Only in this way can we succeed
Only then did I realize that I had left my purpose at home.
Only when I arrived at the airport, did I realize that I had left my passport at home.

Only after a twelve hour-wait, did my flight leave
Only after posting the letter, did I realize that I had forgotten to put on a stamp.
Only if you practice English at least 2 hours a day can you master it.
Only by practicing English at least 2 hours a day can you master it.
Only with a big sum of money can you buy a house in Hanoi.
Only in April is there this kind of flower.
Đảo ngữ với các cụm giới từ có NO:

IV.

At no time ( chưa từng bao giờ…)
On no account ( Với bất cứ lý do gì cũng không…)

+ Auxiliary+ S + Verb (inf)

On no condition ( tuyệt đối không…)
Under/In no circumstances (Trong bất kỳ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không…)
For no reason ( không vì lý do gì)
In no way ( không còn cách nào)
No longer ( không còn)
The outcome of the election was never in doubt.

 At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt.
You mustn’t touch the switch on any account.

 On no account must you touch the switch.
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For no reason must you play truant.
He used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day.

No longer does he smoke 20 cigarettes a day.
He never suspected that she was a witch.

At no time did he suspect that she was a witch.
The money is not to be paid under any circumstances.

Under no circumstances is the money to be paid.
Bài tập

V.

Rewrite the sentence
1.

A country can’t be prosperous if it’s not quite independent.
Only when ________________________________________________________

2.

You can drive a car only after you obtain a driving licence.
Only after ________________________________________________________

3.

They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.
Only after a twelve hours wait________________________________________

4.

He never suspected that money had been stolen.
At no time ________________________________________________________

5.

He recognized that he had been deceived only later.
Only later________________________________________________________

6.

I’ve never seen such a house .
Never ___________________________________________________________

7.

Our neighbour hasn’t once invited us into his home.
Not once ________________________________________________________

8.

You should phone the police whatever may happen.
Under no circumstances_____________________________________________

9.

We only dispatch goods after receiving the money.
Only after the money ________________________________________________

10. I rarely buy any other papers .
Rarely ________________________________
11. He never buys a paper without reading the whole thing .
Never does ________________________________________________________
12. We seldom have enough time to read.
Seldom ___________________________________________________________
13. She’ll hardly ever read the editorials.
Hardly ____________________________
14. The outcome of the election was never in doubt.
At no time ________________________________________________________
15. The demand was so great that they had to reprint the book immediately.
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So ____________________________________________________________
16. You seldom find reunited twins who do not get on well together.
Seldom ________________________________________________________

17. There many reasons were for the choice.
There ________________________
18. A horse stood beside the roadside
Beside ________________________
19.You can make progress in English only by practising it everyday
Only by________________________
20. I never have heard such an extraordinary story before
Never before________________________________________

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KEY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

Only when a country is independent can it be prosperous
Only after obtaining a driving license, can you drive a car
Only after a twelve hours wait did their flight leave.
At no time did he suspect that money had been stolen .
Only later did he recognize that he had been deceived
Never have I seen such a house .
Not once has our neighbor invited us into his home.
Under no circumstances should you phone the police.
Only after the money has been received will we dispatch
Rarely do I buy any other papers.
Never does he buy a paper without reading the whole thing .
Seldom do we have enough time to read
Hardly will she ever read the editorials.
At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt.
So great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately.
Seldom do you find reunited twins who do not get on well together.
There were many reasons for the choice.
Beside the roadside stood a horse.
Only by practicing English everyday can you make progress in it.

Never before have I heard such an extraordinary story.

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Đảo ngữ (P2)
I.

Đảo ngữ với: No sooner …. Than;
Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely…. When/before ( Vừa mới ….thì…)
No sooner + had + S + P2 + than + clause
Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely + Auxiliary + S + V + when/before + clause
I had no sooner arrived home than the phone rang.
 No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang.
I had hardly arrived home when the phone rang.
Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang.
Ví dụ:
1/ He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk.
No sooner had he returned from his walk than He got down to writing the letter
2/She just had time to put up her umbrella before the rain came down in torrents.
No sooner had she put up her umbrella than the rain came down in torrents
3/She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her.
Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her

4/ Someone rang the alarm as soon as the burglars left the building.
No sooner had the burglars left the building than Someone rang the alarm.
5/ Tear gas was released as soon as the thieves touched the safe.
No sooner had the thieves touched the safe than Tear gas was released
6/ Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill.
No sooner had he been appointment to the post than the editor fell ill
7/ I had hardly put the phone down when the boss rang back.
Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back.
8/ She had hardly begun her performance when the light went out.
No sooner had she begun her performance than the light went out.

II.

Đảo ngữ với
Not until/till ( then/ later)
Not until/till + Clause
He couldn’t speak until he was 8

+ Au + S + V Then/later/ Adv of time

 Not until he was 8, could he speak = It was not until he was 8 that he could speak.
Not until I got home, did I know that I had lost my keys
= It was not until I got home that I knew that I had lost my keys
He forgot about the gun until he got to the police station.
Not until he got to the Police Station, did he remember about the gun.
He didn’t return to his country until last June.
Not till did he return to his country until last June
III.

Đảo ngữ với NOWHERE

Nowhere + Auxi + S + V

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You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones.

Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones.
Nowhere can you find your wallet.
Nowhere in the world is the climate as rough as that in the North Pole.
Nowhere do I feel as comfortable as I do at home.
IV.

Đảo ngữ với SO và SUCH:
a/ Đảo ngữ với SO:
So + adj/adv + Au + S + that + clause
He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch.
So hard did he work that he forgot his lunch.
The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
So popular is the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
It is so hot that you can fry an egg on the pavement.

So hot is it that you can fry an egg on the pavement

Her grief was so great that she almost fainted.

So great was her grief that she almost fainted
b/ Đảo ngữ với SUCH:
Such + Be + Noun + that + clause
The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night.

Such is the popularity of the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night.
She is so beautiful that I can’t take my eyes off her.

Such is her beauty that I can’t take my eyes off her.
Her grief is so great that she almost fainted.

 Such is her grief that she almost fainted.
He was so intelligent that he could answer all the questions in “ Who wants to become a millionaire?”

Such was his intelligence that he could answer all the questions in “ Who wants to become a millionaire?”
V.
Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện (Inversion in Conditional Sentences)
Trong câu điều kiện ta chỉ thực hiện đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề với If (If clause). Với mỗi loại câu điều kiện,
ta có từng cách đảo ngữ riêng.
a. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại I (type I)
If+S +(should)+ V . . .  Should + S + Vinfinitive ...
If he comes, I’ll call the police
Should he come, I’ll call the police
b. Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại II (type II).
* Câu có động từ "to be": If + S + were ...  Were + S ...
I f I were you, I wouldn't do that.
Were I you, I wouldn't do that.
* Câu dùng động từ thƣờng: If + S + Ved/irregular verb  Were + S + to Vinfinitive ....

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