Chương 1 tổng quan về thương mại điện tử

Noi OAU

Trong hai thap kf) qua, Cong nghe thong tin vet Thtrang mgi dien tti &Jr
xeon nhap vao moi g6c cgnh czsa den sang xel h6i not chung va cica doanh
nghiep not rieng. Doi v6i doanh nghiep, Thumg mgi dien ter gip phcin hinh
thanh flitting mo hinh kinh doanh mot giam chi phi, ncing cao hieu qua kinh
doanh. floi voi ngu-61 tieu dung, Thirang mgi dien ter giecp mua sam thuan
tien cac hang hoa va dich vy tren cac thi truing moi nai tren thi gioi.
Gicio trinh "Thirang mgi dien a can ban" la mOt trong nhang gicio
trinh cow mon hoc nghiep vy thu6c not dung chwang trinh dao tgo Chuyen
nganh Thtrang mgi dien ter va mot so chuyen nganh khcic cua truing Dgi
hoc Ngogi thwang.
N6i dung cica glow trinh "Thitang mgi dien ter can ban" bao gem 6 vein
d'd ion: Tang quan ve Thwang mgi dien ter, Giao dich dien ter Marketing
dien ter, Rui ro va phOng tranh red ro trong Thwang mgi dien ter Ong dung
Thtrang mgi dien to trong doanh nghiep va Ludt Giao dich dien ter.
Gicio trinh chivy viit nhcim phyc vy cho viec hoc tap vet nghien cti.0 ctia
sinh vien truing Dgi hoc Ngogi thtrang. Ngogi ra, gicio trinh nay con co thi
dtrac dung lam tai lieu tham khao cho sinh vien cac truing dgi hoc, cao
dling tren ca nu* va cac can b6 lam cong tac quan ly, kinh doanh va
thwang mgi dien to

3


MUC

Luc
Trang

LCJI NOI DAU

DANH MUC cAc

3
VIET TAT

11

DANH MUC FINN

14

DANH MUC BANG BIU

15

CHUCING 1. TONG QUAN VE THUMG MAI

Do TU

16

1.1. Khai niem chung ye Thong mai dien ter

16

1.1.1. Su ra ddi va phat then cua Internet

16

1.1.2. Khai niem thirong mai dien ter

17

1.1.3. Cac phuang tien thuc hien thong mai dien ter

22

1.1.4. He th6ng cac hoat Ong co bin trong thong mai dien to

24

1.1.5. Qua trinh phat then thong mai dien ter

25

1.1.6. Cac Van de chitin loc trong thong mai dien tit

26

1.2. Dec diem, phan loai thong mai dien ter

28

1.2.1. Dec diem cua thong mai dien ter

28

1.2.2. Phan Ioai thong mai dien ter

29

1.3. Lai Ich va han ch6 cua thong mai dien to
1.3.1.14 ich cua thong mai dien ter

31

1.3.2. Han the cua thirang mai dien ter

34

1.4. Anh twang cua thucrng mai dien ter

4

31

35

1.4.1. -lac dOng den hoat Ong Marketing

35

1.4.2. Thay d6i mO hinh kinh doanh

36

1.4.3. -lac dOng den hoat dOng san xual

37

1.4.4. -lac citing den hoat Ong tai chinh, Ica toan

38

1.4.5. Tac Ong den hoat Ong ngoai thirang

38

1.4.6. Tac Ong cua Thuctng mai dien ter den cac nganh nghe

39


1.5. Ca sa vat chat, ky thuat va phap I9 de phat then TMDT

44

1.5.1. Xay dung ca sa phap I9 va chinh sach (vi mO)

44

1.5.2. Phat then ha tang ding nghe thOng tin va truyen thOng

47

1.5.3. Xay dung ha tang kien thuc - chinh sach ye dao tao nhan luc

48

1.5.4. Xay dung he th6ng bao mat trong thuang mai dien tir

49

1.5.5. Xay dung he th6ng thanh toan dien to

50

1.5.6. Xay dung chin Vac va mO hinh kinh doanh

50

1.5.7. Xay dung nguOn nhan luc cho thucing mai dien tir

51

CHIJONG 2. GIAO DICH DIEN TCI

53

2.1. Hap d6ng dien ter

53

2.1.1. Khai niem, dac diem hap d6ng then tir

53

2.1.2. K9 kel hap thing dien tir

59

2.1.3. Quy trinh thuc hien hap Tong dien ter

67

2.1.4. So sanh hap ding dien ter veil hap dong truyen th6ng

71

2.1.5. Dieu kien hieu luc cela kip dong dien to

74

2.1.6. MOt s6 diem can km 9 khi sir dung kip (long dien tir

75

2.2. Thanh toan dien ter

78

2.2.1. TOng quan ye thanh toan dien tir

78

2. 2.2. MOt s6 hinh fink thanh toan dien ter phO ben

86

2.2.3. Phan tich mot s6 tinh hu6ng thanh toan dien ter

92

2.3. Chtl k9 s6 va dich vu chi:mg thuc chit ky s6

98

2.3.1. TOng quan ve chit k9 dien ter va chic ky s6

98

2.3.2. Chang thuc chit kjr then ter va dich vu chUng thuc chit kjr dien tir

112

a dam bao cho sit phat then dich vu chang thuc CKDT

131

2.3.3. Dieu kien

Do TCI

143

3.1. TOng quan ye marketing dien tir

143

CHUCING 3. MARKETING

3.1.1. Cac khai niem ca ban ye E-marketing

143

3.1.2. Cac hinh fink phat trien cc ban dm marketing dien ter

144
5


3.1.3. Liu diem ciia marketing din tit so vai marketing truyen th6ng

146

3.1.4. Tac Ong coa thuang mai dian to Mr' hoat Ong marketing

147

3.1.5. MOt s6 di& kin can de ap dung marketing dian tit thanh °Ong

148

3.2. Cfng dung marketing din tit tong doanh nghiep

149

3.2.1. Nghien citu thi twang qua mang

149

3.2.2. Phan tich hanh vi mua s5m ciia khach hang qua mang

151

3.2.3. Phan doan thi twang trong marketing din tit

152

3.2.4. Cac chitin lilac marketing dien tit h6n hap (E-marketing mix)

155

3.3. ring dung marketing dian tit tong hoat Ong xuat nhap khgu

161

3.3.1. Khai thac he th6ng cac Trade Points ten Internet de gang cao

161

3.3.2. Khai thac cac san giao dich thong mai din to B2B

163

3.3.3. Tim hieu thOng tin thi twang qua Sc giao dich hang hoa
ten Internet

163

3.3.4. Tim kiam thi truang va d6i tac ten Internet

164

3.3.5. He th6ng thOng tin xiic tin thuang mai ten Internet

166

3.3.6. Cac website thOng tin xilc tin thuang mai din hinh

167

3.3.7. WA s6 van de can km y khi ang dung marketing din tit

168

3.3.8. Nhitrig km y khi van dung marketing din to tong xuat nhap khgu 169
3.4. Phan tich bai tap tinh hu6ng

172

CHLIONG IV. ROI RO VA PHONG TRANH ROI RO TRONG
THIJONG MAI DIN TO

175

4.1. TOng quan ye an toan va phong tranh riii ro trong thuang mai din tit

175

4.1.1. Vai to dm an toan va phOng tranh riii ro tmng thuang mai
dien tit

175

4.1.2. ROI ro trong thuang mai dian tit tai Viet Nam

176

4.1.3. Vai to cila chinh sach va quy trinh bao dam an toan d6i vai TMST

177

4.2. Riii ro chinh trong thong mai din tit

6

177

4.2.1. MOt s6 rig ro doanh nghiap co the gap phai trong thong mai
dian tit

177

4.2.2. WO s6 clang tan cong vac) cac website thong mai din tit

178


4.3. Xay dung Id hoach an ninh cho thong mai dien to

4.3.1. NhCing bien phap ca ban dam bao an toan cho giao dich TMDT

181
182

4.3.2. C5c ben ph5p co ban nh5m dam bio an toan cho he th6ng TMDT 186
4.3.3. MOt s6 bien phap khac nhArn dam bao an toan cho he th6ng TMDT 188
4.4. Phan tich bai tap tinh hu6ng

189

4.4.1. D6i ph6 v6i cac vu tan cong vao website thong mai dien to

189

4.4.2. Phong chong lua dao qua mang (phishing)

190

4.4.3. GA ph5p Om rui ro trong thong mai dien ter cua iPremier

192

CHUONG V. tING DUNG THUONG MAI DIEN TCI
TRONG DOANH NGHlelp

197

5.1. Xay dung he their-1g thong mai dien ter trong doanh nghiep

197

5.1.1. Luu trir wesbite thong mai dien to

198

5.1.2. Ph5n mem giai ph5p thong mai dien to cho doanh nghiep

211

5.1.3. MOt s6 giai phap thong mai dien to cho doanh nghiep lan

221

5.2. Trien khai du an thong mai dien to trong doanh nghiep

227

5.2.1. Cac phong phap trien khai du an thong mai dien to trong
doanh nghiep

227

5.2.2. Quy trinh xay dung ph5n mem Cmg dung thucmg mai dien to

227

5.2.3. Quy trinh mua va trien khai phan mem thong mai dien to

244

5.2.4. Ky nang quan Iy du an thucmg mai dien to trong doanh nghiep

250

5.3. lIng dung cOng nghe th6ng tin vao quan tri quan he kh5ch hang

252

5.3.1. T6ng quan ye CRM

252

5.3.2. Cac chirc Wang ca ban cua CRM

261

5.3.3. Quy trinh trien khai CRM trong doanh nghiep

262

5.3.4. Lua chop giai ph5p CRM phis hap voi doanh nghiep

263

5.3.5. Kinh nghiem erng dung CRM trong doanh nghiep

268

7

5.4. Dig dung cong ngh6 thong tin veo pan tri chu6i cung (mg
caa doanh nghi6p
5.4.1. T6ng quan ye Quin tri Chu6i cung (mg (SCM - Supply Chain
Management)

274

5.4.2. Cac lui Ich cela SCM

280

5.4.3. Cac chirc nang chO y6u cua he thong SCM

281

5.4.4. Phan tich cac bai hoc ye (mg dung SCM thanh cong

283

5.4.5. Cac phan mem ang dung trong quin l chu6i cung (mg

285

5.4.6. *rich hcrp chuoi cung (mg va quail tri nguOn luc doanh nghi6p

291

5.4.7. Phan tich bai tap tinh huting

292

5.5. (Ing dung cong nghe th6ng tin vao quan tri nguOn luc doanh nghrep

294

5.5.1. Tang quan ye ERP

294

5.5.2. Trier) khai du an ERP

295

5.5.3. Lila chon giai phap ERP ph0 hap vOi doanh nghi6p

306

5.5.4. Bai hoc kinh nghi'6m ye (mg dung ERP thanh cong

314

5.5.5. Cai dat va

Set dung

phen mem ERP

5.6. Xay dung k6 hoach kinh doanh din ter

8

274

317
323

5.6.1. -Icing quan ye k6 hoach kinh doanh di6n to

323

5.6.2. C6u trim Ice hoach kinh doanh di6n ter

326

5.6.3. MO to Chung ye hoat thing kinh doanh: Sir mang, tam nhin,
muc tieu

333

5.6.4. MO hinh kinh doanh

342

5.6.5. Phan tich thi trudng

348

5.6.6. Phan tich canh tranh

353

5.6.7. T6 chit thuc hiOn

358

5.6.8. Phan tich hi6u qua tai chinh

363

5.6.9. Trinh bay kg hoach kinh doanh din ter mot cach hi6u qua

366


5.7. Xay dung quan ly website thuang mai dien to va ban hang truc tuyen

368

5.7.1 Cac cong nghe xay dung website thuang mai dien tir

368

5.7.2. May chi) web, He quan tri ca set di? lieu, NgOn ngir lap trinh web

368

5.7.3. Cai dat va quan 19 website thucrng mai dien tir

372

5.7.4. Cai dat va quan 19 cira hang truc tuy6n

380

5.7.5. Nang cap va phat trien website thuang mai dien tit

382

5.7.6. Thuc hanh sir dung hap Tong dien tir va thanh toan dien tir B2C

382

5.8. Phan tich bai tap tinh hu6ng

382

5.8.1. Case 1. Land's End Tau to vao Thuang mai dien tit

382

5.8.2. Case 2. Sear va viec ang dung thuang mai dien tit

384

Bai thuc hanh: cai dat va sir dung mot s6 phan mem CRM

386

CHUCING VI. LUAT DIEU CHINH THUCING MAI 010 ICI

395

6.1. Khai quat khung phap19 ye thong mai dien tir ten the giai

395

6.1.1. Luat mAu ye thong mai dien tir cira UNCITRAL

395

6.1.2. Luat mAu ye chit k9 dien tit cira UNCITRAL

396

6.1.3. COng uac ciia Lien hdp qu6c ye sir dung chang tir dien tir trong
hap Tong thuang mai qu6c t6

397

6.2. Khung phap19 ye thong mai dien tir cua mot s6 nuac va khu vuc

397

6.2.1. Khung phap Ijr ye thong mai dien tir cua Hoa Ky

397

6.2.2. Khung phap Ijr ye thuang mai dien tir dm Singapore

400

6.2.3. Khung phap 19 ye thuang mai then tir cira Canada

402

6.2.4. Khung phap 19 ye thong mai then tit dm EU

403

6.2.5. Khung phap 19 ye thuang mai dien tir cua APEC

404

6.2.6. Khung phap19 ye thong mai dien tir cila ASEAN

405

6.3. Nhiing tap quan quoc to lien quan den thuang mai dien tir

406

6.3.1. Incoterms 2010

406

6.3.2. eUCP

406

9


6.4. Khung phap 19 ye thuang mai dien ter cua Viet Nam

407

6.4.1. Luat ding nghe thOng tin

407

6.4.2. Luat giao dich dien ter

407

6.4.3. Nghl dinh s6 57/2006/ND-CP ye thong mai dien tit

408

6.4.4. Nghl dinh s6 26/2007/ND-CP ye chit
va dich vu chi:mg thuc chi: 4 s6

q s6
410

6.4.5. Nghi dinh s6 27/2007/ND-CP ye giao dich dien tir
trong hoat Ong tai chinh

412

6.4.6. Nghi dinh s6 3512007/NB-CP ye giao dich dien to trong hoat
Ong ngan hang

414

Phu lyc 1: Cac mO hinh thong mai dien tiithanh ding tran the gidi

415

GENERAL MOTOR: Sang kien thong mai dien tit B2B

452

Phu lyc 2: Quy trinh

ky ket va thuc hien hap dung dien ter bang email

455

Phu Ric 3: Luat mAu cila UNCITRAL ye thong mai dien ter
(Model Law on Electronic Commerce)

475

Phyc lyc 3: UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures

486

Phu luc 4: United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic
Communications in International Contracts

493

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

505

10


DANH MIX CAC TO VIET TAT
Danh muc tir viet tat tieng Anh
Chir viet tat

Titng Vitt

Titng Anh

ADOC

APEC Digital Opportunity
Center

Trung tam Ca hOi s6 dm
APEC

AFACT

Asia-Pacific Council for
Trade Facilitation and

Electronic Business

WO d6ng Kinh doanh din tir
va Thu'an lgi hOa thucmg mai

APEC

Asia-Pacific Economics
Cooperation

Digit dan hop tac kink to
chau A Thai Binh Duang

ATM

Automated Teller Machine

May rut tin to dOng

B2B

Business To Business
(electronic commerce)

Thtrang mai din tir gifta DN
va DN

B2Bi

Business To Business

Integration

Tich hop N th6ng thucmg
mai din tir B2B

B2C

Business To Consumer
(electronic consumer)

Thuang mai din tir gift
doanh nghi'e'p va Ca nhan

C2C

Consumer To Consumer
(electronic commerce)

Thucmg mai din tir gift ca
nhan va ca than

CA

Cetification Authority

Ca quan chirng thuc CKDT

CISG

Convention on International

Sales of Goods

C8ng trac Vial nam 1980 ve
mua ban hang hoa QT

CRM

Customer Relationship
Management

Quan tri quan N lc.hach hang

eCoSys

Electronic Certificate of
Origin System

HO th6ng khai bao C/O din
tir

-

11


Chu. viet tat

.A
Tieng
Anh

Titng VW

EDI

Electronic Data Interchange

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning Ke hoach nguon luc doanh
nghiep

E-SIGN

Electronic Signature on
Global and National
Commerce

LuSt CKDT trong thuong
mai qu8c gia va quoc to dm
Hoa KS/

EU

European Union

Lien minh chat' Au

IDC

International Data
Corporation

Cong ty dit lieu qu6c to

ITC

Information and
Cong nghe thong tin va
Communication Technology truyen thong

OECD

Organization for Economic
Cooperation and
Development

To chirc phat trien hop tac
kinh to

Root CA

Root Certification Authority

Ca quan chimg thuc chit 14
dien tir g6c

SCM

Supply Chain Management

Quan 15, chuOi cung img

UCC

Uniformed Commercial
Code

LuSt thuang mai th6ng nhSt
dm Hoa KS,

UETA

Uniformed Electronic
Transaction Act

LuSt giao dich dien tir th6ng
nhAt dm Hoa KS,

UN/

United Nations Centre for
Trade Facilitation and
Electronic Business

Uy ban dm LHQ ve Thuan
loi Ma TM va kinh doanh
dien tir

CEFACT

Trao d6i dir lieu dien tir

UNCITRAL United Nations Conference
for International Trade Law

Uy ban dm Lien hop qu6c ve
Lust thucmg mai qu6c to

United Nations Conference
for Trade and Development

Uy ban ciia Lien hop qu6c ve
Thuang mai va phat trien

UNCTAD

12


Chir viet tat

Tieng Anh

Tieng Vi§t

UNeDocs

United Nations electronic
Trade Documents

He tilting xfr V/ chimg tir dien
tir' trong TM qut)c to dm LHQ

UPS

United Parcel Service

COng ty dich vu chuyen phat
nhanh United Parcel Service

WIPO

World Intellectual Property
Organization

Tit') chirc so hill' tri tue the gieri

R&D

Research & Development

Nghien cfru va phat tritn

CMS

Content Managemetn System He quan tri nili dung

Xampp

X-cross platform, A-Apache, Goi ph'an mem may chil web
va co so. dir lieu
M-MySQL, P-Php, P-Perl

Danh muc tir viet

tat tgng ViOt
Titng Vi0

Chi? viet tat
CKDT

Chit IcS7 dien tir

CTDT

Chimg thuc dien tir

HOOT

Hop d'ong dien tir

HDDTQT

Hop d6ng dien tir queic t6

LHQ

Lien hop quiic

TMDT

Thucmg mai dien tir

CNTT

Cong nghe thong tin

CNTT&TT

COng nghe thong tin va truyen thong

13


DANH MIX HINH
Hinh 1.1. fing dung Thucmg mai dien tit trong cac giai loan ciia
chu61 gia tri
Hinh 1.2. Sa de phat trier' kinh doanh dien tit
Hinh 1.3. Cac btrac trien khai thuang mai dien tit
Hinh 1.4. Mo hinh Nganh am nhac va giai tri truc tuyen
Hinh 1.5. MO hinh ciao tao truc tuyen
Hinh 1.6. Mo hinh kinh doanh bao hiem khi chua c6 Internet
Hinh 2.1. Quy trinh giao nhan dien tir thong qua Bolero.net
Hinh 2.2. Quy trinh thanh toan dien tir bang the tin dung qua
mang Internet
Hinh 2.3. Minh hoa not dung cila chirng chi se;
Hinh 2.4. Minh hoa quy trinh tao tao chi:mg thu dien tir
Hinh 2.5. Minh hoa quy trinh ky se va xac thuc chir kY se
Hinh 2.6. Thiet bi tao cha 147 dien tit va nhan dang chit 14, dien tir

Hinh 4.1. Phucmg phap ma hod khod rieng
Hinh 4.2. Phuang phap ma hoa khod cong cong
Hinh 5.1. Cac thanh phan cua HTTT
Hinh 5.2. He thong can bang tai cho cac may chii web
Hinh 5.3. He thong can bang tai cho cac may chi' web
Hinh 5.4. Phucmg phap SDLC
Hinh 5.5. Chien lugc van hanh song song
Hinh 5.6. Chien lugc van hanh thi diem he thong mai
Hinh 5.7. Chien lugc bac thang
Hinh 5.8. Chien lugc thay the town b6
Hinh 5.9. Cac buac trien khai
14


Hinh 5.10. Cac buac trien khai theo phirong phap phat trien img
dung nhanh
Hinh 5.11. M6 hinh quan he khach hang
Hinh 5.12. Minh hoa chu61 cung img
Hinh 5.13. M6 hinh quan he tong the Oita ERP, CRM va SCM
Hinh 5.14. Phan mem ERP Openbravo
Hinh 5.15. Phan mem Compiere Professional
Hinh 5.16. Phan mem Opentaps
Hinh 5.17. Phan mem xTuple
Hinh 5.18. Phan mem Sugar CRM

DANH

BANG Bib

Bang 2.1. TS, le sir dung cac hinh thi.rc thanh town tai 123!Mua

Bang 4.1. So sanh phuong phap ma hoa khoa rieng va ma hod
*hod cong cong
Bang 5.1. Danh sach cac nha cung cap dich vu Internet lem tai
Viet nam
Bang 5.2. Chi phi danh cho xay dung he th6ng
Bang 5.3. So sanh chi phi giira phucmg phap to xay dkmg he
thong
Bang 5.4. Cac hot dOng trien khai he th6ng ERP
Bang 5.5. Muoi van de km nhat trong trien khai du an ERP
Bang 5.6. Cac giao dien ERP quan trong nhat
Bang 5.7. Quy trinh trien khai he th6ng ERP

15


Churang 1
TONG QUAN VE THUONG MAI DIN TcJ

1.1. Khai ni?nt chung ye Thucrng mai dign tir
1.1.1. Scr ra

va ph& tran caa Internet

Internet la mang lien ket cac mpg may tinh vori nhau. Mac dir mai
thuc su ph6 bien tir nhang nam 1990, Internet da co lich sir hinh thanh tir
kha lau:
1962: J.C.R. Licklider dua ray tuang ket n6i cac may tinh vai nhau,
tuang lien ket cac mang thOng tin vai nhau da co tir khoang nam 1945 khi
kha nang hily diet dm born nguyen tir de doa x6a so nhilng trung tam lien
lac quan su, viec lien ket cac trung tam vai nhau theo mo hinh lien mang se

giam kha nang mat lien lac town be cac mang khi met trung tam bi tan ding.
1965: Mang giri cac dit lieu da dugc chia nho thanh tong goi (packet),
di theo cac tuyen clueing khac nhau va ket hap lai tai diem den (Donald
Dovies); Lawrence G. Roberts da ket ricii met may tinh a Massachussetts. vai met may tinh khac a California qua duorng day dien thoai.
1967: Lawrence G. Roberts tiep tuc de xuat y tuang mang ARPANet
(Advanced Research Project Agency Network) tai met hei nghj a Michigan;
Cong nghe chuyen g6i tin (packet switching technology) dem lai lgi ich to
lorn khi nhieu may tinh co the chia se thong tin vai nhau; Phat trien mang
may tinh thir nghiem cua Be qu6c phong my theo y tuang ARPANet.
1969: Mang nay dugc dua vao hoat deng va la tien than dm Internet;
Internet - lien mang bat dAu xuat hien khi nhieu mang may tinh dugc ket n6i
vai nhau.
1972: Thu dien tir bat dAu dugc sir dung (Ray Tomlinson).
1973: ARPANet lAn dAu tien dugc ket n6i ra nu& ngoai, tai tnrang dai
hoc London.
1984: Giao thirc chuyen g6i tin TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol
va Internet Protocol) tra thanh giao thirc chuAn dm Internet; he thiing cac
16


ten mien DNS (Domain Name System) ra dai de phan biet cac may chil;
duac chia thanh sau loci chinh bao g6m .edu (education) cho linh vuc gido
duc, .gov (government) thuac chinh phit, .mil (miltary) cho linh vuc quan
su, .com (commercial) cho linh vuc thuong mai, .org (organization) cho cac
t6 chirc, .net (network resources) cho cac mang.
1990: ARPANET ngirng hog dOng, Internet chuyen sang giai doan
moi ngtrai deu c6 the sir dung, cac doanh nghiep bat dAu sir dung
Internet vao muc dich thuang mai.
1991: Ngon ngir danh dAu sieu van ban HTML (HyperText Markup
Language) ra ding vai giao thirc truyen sieu van ban HTTP (HyperText

Transfer Protocol), Internet da thuc su tra thanh cong cu dac luc vai hang
log cac dich vu mai. World Wide Web (WWW) ra diri, dem lai cho nguai
dimg kha nang tham chieu tir mOt van ban den nhieu van ban khac, chuyen
tir co sa dir lieu nay sang ca sa dit lieu khac vai hinh thirc hAp dAn va not
dung phong phu. WWW chinh la he th6ng cac thong diep dit lieu duac tao
ra, truyen tai, truy cap, chia se... thong qua Internet. Internet va Web la cong
cu quan trong nhat cua TMDT, gitip cho TMDT phat trien va hog dang hieu
qua. Mang Internet duac sir dung rang rai tir nam 1994, Cong ty Netscape
tung ra cac phAn mem img dung de khai thac thong tin teen Internet vao
than 5 nam 1995. C6ng ty IBM giai thieu cac mo hinh kinh doanh dien tir
nam 1997... Dich vu Internet bat au duoc cung cap tai Viet Nam chinh thirc
tir nam 1997 ma ra co.h6i hinh thanh va phat then thuang mai dien qr. Nam
2003, thuong mai dien tir bat dAu ducyc giang day a mOt s6 tnrang dai hoc
tai Viet Nam. Nam 2006, Lust Giao dich dien tir chinh thirc c6 hieu luc tai
Viet Nam tao ca sa phap ly cho hog &Ong thuong mai dien tir phat trien.
1.1.2. Khai niem thwang mai dien tir
Thuong mai dien tir duac biet den vai nhieu ten g9i khac nhau, nhu
"thuang mai dien tir" (Electronic commerce), "thuong mai Ulm tuyen"
(online trade), "thuang mai khong giay to" (paperless commerce) hoc
"kinh doanh dien tir" (e-business). Tuy nhien, "thuong mai dien tir" van la
ten goi ph6 bien nhat va duac diing th6ng nhAt trong cac van ban hay cong
trinh nghien ciru cua cac to chirc hay cac nha nghien ciru. Thucmg mai dien
tir bat &Au bang viec mua ban hang h6a va dich vu thong qua cac phuang tien
dien tir va mang vin th6ng, cac doanh nghiep tin tai irng dung cong nghe
17


thong tin vao moi hoat dOng ciza minh, tir ban hang, marketing, thanh toan
dan mua sam, sari xudt, ddo tao, ph6i hap hoat dOng vai nha cung cap, d6i tac,
Ichach khi do thucmg mai dien tir phat trian thanh kinh doanh dien tir,

va doanh nghiep img dung thucmg mai dien tir a mirc cao dugc goi la doanh
nghiep dien tir. Nhu vay, co the hiau kinh doanh dien tir la mo hinh phat trian
cua doanh nghiep khi tham gia thuang mai dien tir b mitt dO cao va img dung
ding nghe thong tin chuyen sau trong moi hoat &Ong cua doanh nghiep.
* Khdi nrem TMDT theo nghia hep

Theo nghia hep, thuang mai dien tir la viec mua ban hang hod va dich
vu thong qua cac phuang tien dien tir va mang vi6n thong, dac biet 14 may
tinh va Internet.
Cach hiau nay twang to vm mOt s6 cac quan diem nhu:
- TMDT la cac giao dich thuang mai va hang hod va dich vu dugc thuc
hien thong qua cac phuang tien dien tir (Dien dan d6i thoai xuyen Dai Tay
Duang, 1997).
- TMDT la viec thuc hien cac giao dich kinh doanh co clan ten viec
chuyan giao gia tri th8ng qua cac mang vi"en thong (EITO, 1997).
- TMDT la viec hoan thanh bat kStmOt giao dich nao thong qua mOt
mang may tinh lam trung gian ma bao gomviec chuyan giao quyan sa hint
hay quyan sir dung hang hod va dich vu (Cue th6ng ke Hoa KSI, 2000)
Nhu vay, theo nghia hep, thuang mai dien tir bat Mu bang viec cac
doanh nghiep sir dung cac phuang tien dien tir va mang Internet de mua ban
hang hoa va dich cac giao dich co the gifra doanh nghiep vai doanh
nghiep (B2B) hoac gitla doanh nghiep yeti lchach hang ca nhan (B2C), hoac
giira cac cd nhan vari nhau (C2C).
* Kit& 'item TMDT theo nghia rang

Da c6 nhiau to chirc qu6c to dtra ra khai niem theo nghia rOng ve
thuang mai dien tir, dien hinh gam CO
- Lien minh Chau Au (EU): TMDT bao gom cac giao dich thucmg
mai thong qua cac mang vien thong va sir dung cac phuang tien dien tir. N6
bao gam TMDT gian tier) (trao doi hang hod huu hinh) va TMDT truc tiep

(trao dai hang hod v8 hinh).
18


- TO chirc Hap tac va Phat trien kinh to (OECD): TMDT gem cac
giao dich thucmg mai lien quan den cac to chirc va ca nhan dua ten viec xir
ly va truyen di cac da lieu da dugc se hod thong qua cac mpg ma (nhu
Internet) hoac cac mang dOng c6 ceng thong vai mpg ma (nhu AOL).
- Thuang mai dien tit cang dugc hieu la hog Ong kinh doanh dien tit,
bao gem: mua ban hang hod, dich vu, giao hang tivc tiep trail mang vai cdc
not dung se hod; chuyen tien dien tit - EFT (electronic fund transfer); mua
ban co phieu dien tit - EST (electronic share trading); van don dien tit - E
B/L (electronic bill of lading); dAu gia thuang mai - (Commercial auction);
hop tac thiet ke va san xuAt; tim kiem cac nguen Luc true tuy'en; mua sam
true tilyen - Online procurement; marketing truc tiep, dich vu khach hang
true tuyen...
- Uy ban cila Lien hap qutic ve Thtrcmg mai va phat trien UNCTAD:
* Tren gee de doanh nghiep "TMDT la viec thuc hien met phAn hay
toan be hoat Ong kinh doanh bao gem marketing, ban hang, phan phi va
thanh toan thong qua cac phuong tien dien tir".
Khai niem nay da de cap den toan be hoat &Ong kinh doanh, chit khong
chi giai han 6 rieng mua va ban, va toan bo cac hog &Ong kinh doanh nay
dugc thuc hien thong qua cac phucmg tien dien
Khai niem nay dugc viet tat bai ben chit MSDP, trong do:
M - Marketing (co trang web, hoac xuc tien thuang mai qua Internet)
S - Sales (c6 trang web c6 ho tra chirc n'ang giao dich, kS, ket hop deng)
D - Distribution (Phan phi san phAm so h6a qua mpg)
P - Payment (Thanh toan qua mang hoac thOng qua ben trung gian nhu
ngan hang)
Nhu vay, dOi vai doanh nghi'ep, khi stir dung cac phucmg tien dien tit va

mang vao trong cac hog dOng kinh doanh co ban nhu marketing, ban hang,
phan phoi, thanh toan thi dugc coi la tham gia thucmg mai dien tfr.
*Oi gee dO quail ly nha nu6c, thuang mai dien tit bao gem cac finh vuc:
I - Ca se ha tang cho sit phat trien TMDT (Infrastructure)
M - Thong diep dit lieu (Data Message)
B - Cac quy tic co ban (Basic Rules)
19


S - Cac quy tic rieng trong tang Firth vac (Specific Rules)
A - Cac img dung (Applications)
MO hinh IMBSA nay de cap den cac linh vac can xay dung de phat
trien TMDT nhu sau:
+ I (Infrastructure): Ca so ha tang COng nghe thong tin va truyen
thong. MCA vi du dien hinh la dich vu Internet bang thong rang ADSL va
cap quang. Suy cho cling, neu khong pho cap dich vu Internet thi khong the
pilaf trien thuang mai dien tir duac. Chinh vi vay, UNCTAD dua ra linh vac
dau tien can phat trien chinh la Ca sa ha tang C6ng nghe thong tin va truyen
thong, tao nen mong &au tien cho TMDT.
+ M (Message): Cac van de lien quan den Thong diep dit lieu. Thong
diep dit lieu chinh la tat ca cac loai thong tin &lac truyen tai qua mang, qua
Internet trong thuang mai dien tir. Vi du nhu hop 6ng dien tir, cac chao
hang, hoi hang qua mang, cac chimg to thanh toan dien tir deu &rye coi la
thong diem chinh xac han la "thong diep dit lieu". Tai hAu het cac nuoc va
tai Viet Nam, nhUng th6ng diep dit lieu khi duac sir dung trong cac giao
dich TMDT duot thira nhan gia tri phap 47. Dieu nay duac the hien trong
cac Lust mh dm Lien hop que)c ve giao dich dien tir hay Lust TMDT cua
the nuac, cling nhu trong Lust Giao dich dien tir dm Viet Nam.
+ B (Basic Rules): Cac quy tic ca ban dieu chinh chung ve TMDT.
Day chinh la cac luat dieu chinh the linh vac lien quan den TMDT trong

mat nuac hoac khu vac va qu6c te. Vi du: a Viet Nam hien nay la Luat Giao
dich dien tir (3/2006), Lust Cong nghe Thong tin (6/2006), Hiep dinh khung
ve TMDT cua cac khu vac nhu EU, ASEAN, Hiep dinh ve Cong nghe
thong tin dm WTO ve viec thira nhan gia tri phap ly khi giao dich xuyen
"bien giai" quac gia cua WTO.
+ S (Sectorial Rules/Specific Rules): Cac quy the rieng, dieu chinh
tong link vac chuyen sau cua TMDT nhu chimg thuc dien tir, chit 14 dien
tir, ngan hang dien tir (thanh toan dien tir). The hien duai khia canh phap
luat 0 Viet Nam co the la cac Nghl dinh chi tiet ve tang firth \rue. Hay cac
tap quail thuang mai queic t6 mai nhu Quy tic ve xuAt trinh chung tir dien tir
trong thanh toan qu6c to (e-UCP), hay quy the sir dung van don dien tir (cum
Bolero), cac quy dinh ve giao dich dien tir trong Incoterms 2000 va
Incoterms ® 2010.

20


+ A (Applications): Ducic hieu la cac img dung TMDT, hay cac mo
hinh kinh doanh thuang mai dien tir can dugc dieu chinh, cling nhu dau tu,
khuyen khich de phat trien, tren co so da giai guy& dugc 4 van de tren. Vi
du nhu: Cac mo hinh C6ng TMDT qu6c gia (ECVN.gov ), Alibaba.com, cac
mo hinh B2C (golmart.com.vn , Amazon.com), mo hinh C2C (EBay.com ),
hay cac website cua cac cong ty XNK, den cac giai phap Lan nhu CRM,
SCM va ERP... deu duce coi chung la cac (mg dung TMDT.
- WTO: Thucmg mai dien tir bao g6m viec san xudt, quang cao, ban
hang va phan ph6i san phAm dugc mua ban va thanh toan teen mang
Internet, nhung viec giao nhan c6 the nhu truyen th6ng hoac giao nhan qua
Internet clued clang s6 hoa.
- AEC (Association for Electronic Commerce): Thucmg mai dien tir la
lam kinh doanh c6 sir dung cac cong cu dien tir, dinh nghia nay rOng, coi

hAu het cac hog d'Ong kinh doanh tir dan gian nhu mot cu dien thoai giao
dich den nhUng trao d6i thong tin EDI phirc tap deu la thuang mai dien tit.
UNCITRAL: Lust mAu v'e Thuong mai dien tir cua Uy ban lien hiep
qu6c ve luSt thuang mai qu6c to (UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic
Commerce, 1996) dinh Thus:mg mai dien tir la viec trao d6i thong
tin thuang mai thong qua cac phuang tien dien tir, khong can phai in ra
gidy bAt cir cong doan nao cua toan bO qua trinh giao dich.
"Thong tin" dugc hieu la bAt cir thir gi co the truyen tai bang ky thuSt
dien tir, bao g6m ca thu tir, cac file van ban, cac co sa dir lieu, cac ban
tinh, cac ban thiet ke hi.-11 do hoa, quang cao, hoi hang, dan hang, hoa
don, bang gia, hop d6ng, hinh anh dOng, am thanh...
,

a

nay sinh
"Thtrong mai" dugc hieu theo nghia rOng, bao quat m9i van
tir m9i m6i quan he mang tinh thuang mai, du c6 hay kh8ng co hop ang.
Cac m6i quan he mang tinh thuang mai bao g6m, nhung r khong giai han
cac giao dich sau day: bat cir giao dich nao ve cung cap hoac trao doi
hang boa hoac dich vu; dai dien hoac dai ly thuang mai; us, thac hoa
h6ng; cho thue dai han; xay chrng cac cong trinh; tu van; k57 thuSt cong
trinh; cfau tu cap Von; ngan hang; bao hiem; thoa thuSn khai thac hoac to
nhucmg; lien doanh va cac hinh thirc khac ve hop tac cong nghiep hoac
kinh doanh; chuyen ch &
. hang hoa hay hanh khach bang duOng bien,
duong kh8ng, dueng sat hoac &rang bO.
21

Mac dit mon hoc c6 ten ggi "Thuang mai din tir" nhung pham vi
nghien ciru rOng han, bao tram len ca cac mo hinh va cac van de kinh doanh
dien tir vOi muc dich trang bi cac kien thirc, ky nang ve thuang mai va kinh
doanh dien tir de ngu6i hoc ap dung trong moi finh vuc kinh doanh va cac to
chirc lien quan.
1.1.3. Ctic phwang tien thyv hien thtrang mai din ter
Cac phucmg tien thuc hien thuang mai d*1 tir (hay can goi la phuang
tien din tir) bao g6m: dien thoai, fax, truyen hinh, dien thoai khong day, cac
mang may tinh co ket not \Jai nhau,... va mang Internet. Tuy nhien, thuang
mai din tir phat trien chit y6u qua Internet va thuc sit troy nen quan trong khi
mang Internet dugc ph6 cap. Mac dit vay, On day cac giao dich thuang mai
thong qua cac phucmg tien diet tir da dang hen, cac thiet bi dien tir di Ong
ding clan clan chiem vi tri quan trong, hinh thirc nay dugc biet den vOi ten
goi thuang mai din tir di dOng (Mobile-commerce hay M-commerce).
- Di0 thoO: la mot phuang tien ph6 thOng, de sir dung, va gait nhu
xuat hien sam nhat trong cac phuang tien dien tir dugc de cap. MOt s6 dich
vu c6 the cung cap truc tiep qua din thoai nhu dich vu buu dien, ngan hang,
h6i dap, to van, giai tri. Vai sit phat trien cua dien thoai di (Ring, lien lac qua
ve tinh, irng dung dm dien thoai dang troy nen rOng raj hcm. Nhung dien
thoai c6 mot han che la chi truyen tai dugc am thanh va moi colic giao dich
van phai ket thitc bang giay tg. Ngoai ra, chi phi giao dich bang din thoai,
nhat la giao dich dien thoai &Ong dai, con kha dat. Thuang mai din tir van
sir dung din thoai nhu mot cong cu quan trong, tuy nhien "di0 thoai" dugc
hieu theo nghia rOng, khong giai han o dien thoai c6 dinh ma dugc hieu la
tat ca cac hinh thirc giao tiep bang giong not thong qua cac phuang tien din
tir: dien thoai qua Internet, "voice chat", "voice message" qua Yahoo
Messenger (YM) hay Skype... Day cung chinh la Igi the n6i bat dm Internet
vai cac img dung truyen thoai qua moi tn.ramg nay.
- May fax: Co the thay the dich vu dua thu va giri cong van truyen
th6ng. Tuy nhien han the cita may fax la chi truyen dugc van 'ban viet,

kitting truyen tai dugc am thanh, hinh anh dOng, hinh anh ba chieu. Fax qua
may tinh va Internet la mot dich vu mai dugc img dung kha rang rai
22


giam chi phi trong giao dich dien tir. Thiet bi dien tir ding khong gioi han
may fax truyen th6ng ma ma !Ong ra may vi tinh va cac thiet bi dien tir khac
sir dung cac phan mem cho phdp giri va nhan van ban fax. Hoat &Ong nay
cling lam ma rOng khai niem thuang mai dien tir va nhcing quy dinh ve van
ban g6c, hang chimg, van ban do ban gac dm fax truac day la van ban giay,
ban g6c dm fax qua may vi tinh c6 the la van ban dien tir. Vi du: sir dung
phan mem Winfax gui van ban word tir may vi tinh den may fax ciia doi tac.
- Truyen hinh: ngay nay, truyen hinh tr .& thanh mot trong nhung ding
cu dien tir ph6 thong nhAt. Truyen hinh (long vai tro quan trong trong
thuang mai, that la trong quang cao. Song truyen hinh mai chi la mot cong
cu truyen thong mot chieu, qua truyen hinh, khach hang khong the tim kiem
dugc cac chao hang, kh6ng the dam phan vai ngued ban ve cac dieu khoan
mua ban cu the. GAn day, khi may thu hinh dugc tich hop them cac tinh
nang nhu may tinh thi cong dung cua no dugc ma Ring hon. Viec giao dich
va dam phan bang "video conference" thuc hien qua Internet tro nen ph6
bien va dAy manh thuang mai dien tir khi tit kiem dugc thai gian va chi phi
cua cac ben ma Van co hieu qua nhu dam phan giao dich tivc tiep truyen
thong. Vi du: dam phan sir dung video-conference va net-meeting.
- May tinh va mang Internet: thuang mai dien tir chi thuc su c6 vi tri
quan trong khi c6 su biing no dm may tinh va Internet vao nhimg nam 90
cila the 14 20. May tinh va Internet giiip doanh nghiep tin hanh giao dich
mua ban, hop tac trong san xuAt, cung cap dich vu, quan ly cac hoat dOng
trong not bO doanh nghiep, lien ket cac doanh nghiep tren toan c'au, hinh
thanh cac mo hinh kinh doanh mai. Khong chi gioi han a may tinh, cac thiet
bi dien tir va cac mang vin thOng khac cling dugc Ong dung manh me vao

thuang mai lam da dang cac hoat dOng thuang mai dien tir tir viec sir dung
the thong minh trong thanh toan dien tir, mobile phone trong cac giao dich
dien tir gia tri nho, he th6ng thuang mai dien tir trong giao thong de xir ly ye
tau dien, xe bus, may bay: den giao dich chi:mg khodn, tai chinh, ngan hang
dien tir, hai quan dien tir trong nuac va qutic te. Nhitng tap down toan c'au
ding chia se thong tin trong hoat dOng thuang mai qua mang rieng cua minh
hoc qua Internet. Vi ngan hang dien tir (e-banking), mua s'am dien tir
(e-procurement).
23


1.1.4.

He Mktg cac hoot d'Ong co ban trong thuong mai (lien a

Theo Michael Porter, thucmg mai dien V.I. co the *rig dung vao tat ca cac
giai doan trong chuOi gia tri. Tat nhien, khi img dung sau va rOng thucmg
mai dien to i day dugc hieu theo nghia rOng, troy thanh kinh doanh dien tir.

Hinh 1.1. 1Tng dung Thong mai dign tir trong cac giai (loan
ciia chugi gia tri
A

Mua sam trip tuyen

Outbound logistics

- Mua nguyen lieu truc tuyen
(san xuat o to, may bay...)
- Dau thAu truc tuyen de mua

nguyen. lieu
- Ket not ERP gifra cac cong
ty va cac nha cung cap
- Chia se thong tin nguyen
lieu san xuat cho nha cung
cap

- Quan tri dat hang truc
tuyen
- KS, kat hop cliing ttr dOng
qua mpg
- Cho phep khach hang truy
xuat tai danh mac san phAm
mai va thtri han giao hang
- Quan tri qua trinh thuc
hien NT (long

San phAm
va Dich vy
1

Inbound
Logistics
2

X iP ly

nghiOp va
3

Dich vy sau ban
hang

- Theo dai ban hang
truc tuytn
- Ho trcr khdch hang
truc tuyen
- Quan tri quan he
khach hang
- Quan tri ban phi
kian/hang thay the

Marketing
Outbound
Dich vy sa
Logistics & Ban bang ban hang
4
6

R&D MO tie

San xuat dign ter

Marketing MO ter,

- R&D truc tuyen

- San xuat theo dcm
hang ciia khdch hang
- Hop tac gift nha san

xuat linh kian va lap rap
- Chia se kien thirc
- Ke hoach hod viac sir
ding cdc nguOn lye

- Marketing theo doi Wong
khach hang
- Nghien ciru thi trubmg din tir
- Quang cdo din tir
- Tucmg tdc yeti khach hang
- Ban hang truc tuyen
- Xir ly giao dich truc tuyen
- Dinh gia tuning tac

- Thiet ke san pham
mai: quan ao, may
tinh
- Phat trian san
phAm mai nhanh
hcm (6 to)

Nguan: Marketing Management, Porter M.E. 2001

24


1.1.5. Qua trinh ph& triin thtrong mai dien
Thuong mai dien tit phat trien qua 3 giai doan chu yeti, bao g6m:
* Giai dogn 1: Thwang mai thong tin (i-commerce hay Information
Commerce)

Giai doan nay da c6 su xuAt hien cua Website. Thong tin ye hang hoa
va dich vu cua doanh nghiep ding nhu ve ban than doanh nghiep da duoc
dua len web. Tuy nhien thong tin chi mang tinh giai thieu va tham khao.
Viec trao d6i thong tin, dam phan v'e cac dieu khoan hop d6ng, gala doanh
nghiep vOi doanh nghiep hay gift doanh nghiep vai khach hang ca nhan
chi' yeti qua email, dien dan, chat room... ThOng tin trong giai doan nay
phAn Ian chi mang tinh mot chieu, th6ng tin hai chieu gala nguai ban va
mua con han the khong dap img dirge nhu cAu thuc te. Trong giai doan nay
nguai tieu dung c6 the lien hanh mua hang true tuyen, tuy nhien thanh town
van theo phuong thirc truyen thong. •
* Giai (loan 2: Thumg mai giao dich (t-commerce hay Transaction
Commerce)
NM. co su ra doi dia thanh town dien tit ma thuong mai dien to thong
tin d'a tin them mot giai doan nib dm qua trinh phat trien thuong mai dien
tir do la thuong mai dien tix giao dich. Thanh town dien tir ra den d'a hoan
thien hoat d6ng mua ban hang true tuyen. Trong giai doan nay nhieu san
phAm mbi d5 dirge ra doi nhu sach dien tir va nhieu san phAm se Ma.
Trong giai doan nay cac doanh nghiep cid xay dung mang n6i b6 nh5m
chia se du lieu gitta cac don vi trong nOi b0 doanh nghiep, ding nhu Ung
dung the phAn mem quan ly Nhan su, K'e town, Ban hang, San xuAt,
Logistics va tien harsh ky ket h9p d6ng dien
* Giai dogn 3: Thwang mai Ong tac (c-Business hay Collaboration
Business)
Day la giai doan phat trien cao nhAt cua thuong mai dien tir hien nay.
Giai doan nay doi hoi tinh cung tac, phi h9p cao giira n6i b0 doanh nghiep,
doanh nghiep vai nha cung cap, khach hang, ngan hang, co quan quan ly
nha nuac. Giai doan nay doi hoi viec frng dung ding nghe thong tin trong
toan b6 chu trinh tix dAu vao dm qua trinh san xuat cho tad viec phan phoi
hang h6a.
25

Giai doan nay doanh nghiOp da trien khai cac hO th6ng phAn rrim Quan
ly khach hang (CRM), Quan tri chuOi cung ling (SCM), Quan tri ngu6n luc
doanh nghiOp (ERP).
Hinh 1.2. So' do phat trien kinh doanh then tir
3. Thuvrrig mai cong tac (c Busines.$)
-

Integrating
••••
Ket not cac phan trong doanh nghiep
Kk not vai cac dOi tac kinh doanh
CRM. SCM, ERP

2. Thtraiw mai giao dich ft Commerce)
-

Kf ket lictp diing qua mang (E-contract)
Thanh wan dien tir (E-payment)
Ling dung cac phan mem quan Nhan sy, Ke wan:, ban hang.

• Thtrang mai thong tin ( Commerce)
-

Meng tin ( • • • •
lap trang Web, thaw gia vao cic san giao clich
Trao dal, dam phan qua mpg, dat hang qua e-mail, chat, forum
Thanh town giao hang truyen th6ng

Ngarjn: UNCTAD, E commerce development 2003
-

1.1.6. Ctic Win (I'd chitin luv'c trong thuong mai din ter
Theo nghien cfru dm UNCTAD nam 2003, de phat trie'n thuong mai
diOn tir cac nuot can trie'n khai 25 hoat d6ng tir thAp d6n cao. D6i vbi cac
nuac phat trien c6 ha tang cong nghO thong tin tien tien thi viOc trie'n khai
thucmg mai din tir se de clang va nhanh chong hon. Ngay nay a phat trien
thuong mai din tir cac nuac can quan tam, chu tong vao bon yL to (4N)
trong thuong mai din tir bao g6m: NhAn thirc, Nhan luc, N6i mang, va N6i
dung. Thuang mai din tir la mot linh vuc hoan toan mai nen viOc nang cao
nhAn thirc ve vai to cua thuong mai din tir la vo clang quan tong. Nang
cao nhAn thirc ve thuong mai diOn tir se giup cho viesc trien khai va phat trien
thuong mai din tir &rot nhanh ch6ng hcm. Ngoai ra thuong mai din tir la
mot linh vuc rat r6ng, doi h6i su ph6i hop cao nen can phai co su ket n6i tot
gala cac ben lien quan nhAm dAy nhanh hoat dOng thuong mai vai phat trien
cong nghO thong tin. De lam duac di'L nay doi ,hoi phai co mot dOi gioi
chuyen mon va ban than cac hoat d6ng san xuat, kinh doanh cling can phat
trie'n trong qua trinh trien khai Thuang mai din
26


Van de kho khan nhk hin nay diSi vOi thuang mai din tir Om: thanh
town true tuy6n, an ninh, bao mat trong giao dich thuang mai din tir, chUng
th‘rc di@l tir quiic te.
Hinh 1.3. Cac imam trien khai thiro'ng mai dien tit'.

Mei quan
tam dm
cac imam

dang phat
trial va
kern ghat
trial

A• Ha tang van thong
• Truy cap internet
• Bei nga nhan lip
• Cac thiet bi c6 kha Wang truy cap internet (nhu may tinh
ca. nhan, PDA)
• Chinh sich va ke hoach clia Chinh phi' ye Oat trien
nganh ding nghe thong tin
• Nhang mOi de doa do tg do him mang lai
• Sir dung cac phan mem phii hop (hop phap va chi phi thdp)
• May tinh co the hien thi nem nge dia. phwang
• Nhirng nOi dung di' dulyc dia phyong hoa
• Cac ding thong tin
• Chinh phi' dien tir - cac ca so ha tang do chinh phii cung
cap
• Cac tieu chuan ve san xudt, an toan lao dOng va sue khoe.
• Luat phi') ye Cong nghe thong tin (cac giao dich dien tir,
chit kji dien tir, tOi pham may tinh)
an ninh - thong tin, tinh he thOng, he thOng mang
• Van
chirng thgc, ma hod
• Van
• Truy cap internet bang bang thong rang (tai doanh
nghiep, gia dinh)
• Phat trien nguen nhan hp ve cong nghe thong tin
• Hop tac ve he thong mang

• Cdc ca hOi do tv do h6a va khu yip hoa mang lai
• Cdc chq dien tir
• Ca sa ha tang cho vies thus hien thanh toil' qua mang
• Bao
nguiri tieu diing
• Van de chap nhan /Lac thvc lien qutic gia
• Bao WO quyen so' Mhz tri tue
bao mat thOng tin ca nhan
• Van

a
a

Mei quan
tam ciia
cac nulfrc
Oat trien
va cac tap
doin cling
nghiep
hang dAu

ve

V

a

Ngue•n: UNCTAD, E-commerce development 2003

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