Bài giảng nghiệp vụ ngân hàng trung ương

PGS.TS. TRUONG TH! HONG
KHOA NGAN HANG

ntaOHCiJ Oa.1 HQC KUIIH TE TP. HCM

NGHltpVl)
NG.t\N HANG TRUNG DONG

HQI DOHG MOtl HQC
CHuai~G

uaNG

I: ~~6NG QUAN VE NGAN HANG TRUNG

cHuai~G 2: HGHIEP VU PHAT HANH TIEN vA £lIEU
TIfh LUU THC)Na' TIE~J T~
CHuaNG 3: l-lGHIEP VU TiN DUNG CVA NGAN
HANG TRUNG uaNG .
CHuaNG 4: HGHIEP VU THI TRUONG MO
CHuaNG 5: NGHI~P vu QuAN L Y NGOAI HOI
CHua;~G6:
CHUC HE THONG THANH TOAN
QUA f\GAN HANG
.

~~O

I

NGANHANG

7: DIEU HANH CHt'lH SACH TIEN Tg

I. Sf! ra d01 caa-ngan
trung U'Ollg
Sq ra dc7D :

hang

II.CHaC HAHG
PHAT HfirtH TIErt
CHlrtH PHil


Cdc boat Qgng cua NHTlI
(J','HOAT ElONG CVA NHTU
. Eloi
CHfNH PHV

b) HOAT ElONG CVA NHTU
DOr
cAc NHTG

voi

voi

. MO TAl

KHOAH

Glu~OD!eH

. cHOwry.
T6M

. LAM OBI LY CHO
CtdrtH

PHil

. co VArt cfic
VArt
T(li
CHlrtH. TIErt T~

a"~i

DE

. MUll Bart rtGOBI

.MO TAl

KHOfirt
GIIiO DICH

CAe

- cAe

.D"Y Tlti DQ'Tltir
.ap DUrtG

co Gla

c) HOAT BONG PHAT HANH TrEN

.

BflT BUQC

.CHO VflY
.MUff Blirt
GIAY T(1

HOI

LV"

HO~ T DlJNG

,MUA SAN cAc

cfic

81Ert PHAP QUflti

I{HAe

GIAY TO co GIA

.MUA sAN NGO~I HOI
.CUNG CAP THONG TIN
.KIEM SOAT, THANH TRA
.TO CH(1C TRUNG TAM THANH
ToAN
TRlI,LlEN NGAN HANG

au

Hinh 1: S0

III.

MO JE[lNH TO

80 TO CHU C

CH(rC NHTW:

1. MD hinn thu nhdt:
M6 hlnh ~'lHTW tnrc thuoc Chinh phu

+ NHTW lit co quan ngang BO, chiu str lanh
dao true tiep ciia Chinh phu
+ Chinh phii ki€m tra, giarn sat hoar dong

cAe Mue Tll,U
KINHT(- xA H(jl

cuaNHTW

2


2. lvla hlnh lhi) hai:
!vll) hinh NHTW tn,tc rhuocC·uoc
... \-HTW d(>c I~p vdi Chinh phu
+ (h:nh

h¢i :
tra heat dong

pb.i khOng giam soil, ki~m

I. Lich si'lra dili cua NHTW lJ VN:

so Dh6cH1]c
M th6ngNH Mi~n nam vao

·Ngay 2613/1988chuyin h~ thifng NH mQl

~~~ ;:,~,1~~gkb'1c2t~:
~l~
• NCay 0211211997 thay the 2 Phap renh
2. Hi thifng /0' chllc cu. Ngan /u),ng

(flU .,TROC

CHUC

COR "HNfI V"

I. MOT Sf) VKN DE CHUNG:
1. In ti~n, (luc ti~n, bao quan va v~n
chuy~n til~l1:
1.1. In va dric tiin
Quy trinh in tiill, due tie'n :
Buc:i'c1 : Jrhie't ke'mAu cac Ioai ti~n:
..Co tfnh th§m my
- D~ nhsn bie't
...Tlen dung
...Kha nang ch6ng gia cao

Bttoc 2 : Che' ban in, duc
- Ung dung cong nghe
- D;iy du nQidung chi
thie't ke'
Buoc 3 :1'6 chuc va
dtic ti~n:
- Trach nhiern cua nha

yin duc ti~n

3


0.11 qu~ql AYlp lJ!a··
~UQql nn] ~UO.l1~uilp 1.'s ;)imp ~uQqJ(
'~u.!lq;) !,QP ~P (NawD:IdS)

n¥w w~1
~uti.p 1.'s ;)PPP , ;)VPU w9qu 1QW';)VPU 1QW
e!';) ;).!lq1qu]q;) U~!l ~U?P ~T n¥w U~!.L

lJ~q;)89q q;)jp ~unp ~u~q '\~l.lrul}qd: .,
unA }}X ' ~l(u 1Y::l.,
u~!l A!,q n~!l ~'.!lql~UPPtld +
NNHN e!';) u~p oqJ( !l3.L: wJ!!P eia"
U~I·IQw
~U!lql 9

;)11oq W!1U~u~H : ue!~ !"Ql.j[JL •.

qu~q nn] !IP qU!P iq U~!.Lqu~q OJlTu,nq;) n~!l tIP ~uQqJ( U~!.LA!,q n~!l ;)PPP U~!l !,30I;)Y::l+
A!,q n~!l
;)PPP ~s ~)U qu~q 0Jl1 u,nq;) n~!l tIP ~UQqJ(
Jq)l "!Qq nql ;)PPP ~s ~A '!il~u q.l1 'u!1qJ(
9qJ( d~~ UYOl queq1 q;)iP oe!~ ;)~!A oq;)
W~I 'u,?w oeq 'lYu q;)y.I iq ~s ~uyql w!1u
'COb~UQql n.nT ~UO.ll~uilp 1.'s;)PPP U~!.L

:[.11(' nBS
liP ps anb U~!l qu~q lyqd J~!A 1y:1w'n

"U~SquiP !!P uj1[lllu~q
1yqd qU~lf JyJ enb lIUQql qu~q lyqd itA d~!qllu
£nb
U~!l B.na : u~n IfU",<1f
1y.[d ninlfl £'1 +

m

"WBUl~!A NNHN : u~n qU~1flYqd IJBob P;) +
: !9lf ~x - ,~l '[ll!lf U~UB'!_IJ
l!!W Uj1!lnIP nqu Jy:>lIu.!! dyp ~I? 1I1!9q1
rt.n[ O~A
oqlf lIuO.I1 U~ U! U~!l BPP~I Ui'nlll11JqWqd

m

: U~!l q1i~qlyl[d "Z

:u~!l A!,q n~!l ~A !?q nq.L "f

dJPJyJ u~AnbqUJqJB'!_IJ
W~!lfUqJY.I.LUBlIuQJ98 B'!_IJ
W~!lfUqJy.I.L : U~!l u~AnqJutA J~!A~A0l;l8 +
(qUP1 qu~q l§W '!l;ll dy7g ~A 0l;l8
'up,{mp nj1!pqu~'1 ) : up,{nqJU§AJ~nu~,{nliN up,{nlfJUtA u~!lllup.nlfd: Uj1!lUp,{nlfJU§AJy1u~,{nllu~AU~!ll!UP.nlfd+
U.LJ.L Jy:>B'!_IJ
£nb oqlf JyJ u..~POlflf !lfJ
Uj1!lu~,{nqJutA oqlf !qJ ~Aolflf lIu,?.LB,mlluj1!l u~,{nqJutA olflf lIU$!.Lu_ilP,{yw ~lfu uil!l u~,{nlfJutA :uj1!l u~,{nlfJUtA W~!quqJy.I1~A!Awilqd +
: II!!I IIJllllP IIt'A "ZTI

m

m

m

~ln9.)

i~gu iil~~q~ii ~ ~qj
1i!qJ uil!l oql( ~[ llIl;lnb(lp ,~lfJ ~Au~!l oq)lll'I_l1ql
~q 9J up ,
U~!lI Jjtql Jj•.np u~:nbo~q J~!A~G

un

U.LJ.LJyJ B'!_IJ
u~!l ul;lno0jlq LU~!qU
qJy.I.LNNHN B'!_IJ
uil!l ul;lnbol;lqLU~!quqJy.IL U~!l
U! AyW ~qN B'!_IJ
u~!l ul;lnb ol;lq lU~!,[UqJ'jI.I,L:
:tQP1~An1U~OlUBu\:nb o'~qJt.pp !l;lqd
'iJl y!lI 9J ul;ls!~1 ~I (!PWU~!l) J!1P'U! !.\ItO 'J~!.L
:1Ij!?1 1I1llibopg"[TI
:Up1 ulllll/:J Ut'll (III "'1I11b
OP(j' "'["I


tu« luu T!ifm:
Ti~n luu niem la d6ng ti~n gia'y,
ho~e ti~Jrlkim lo~i dtiqe phat hanh eho
muc dfch SlID ~p, hID niem, du tru
hoac nhitng muc weh khac, Loai ti~n
nay <1tivdi ti~n iIlID hanh,
- Ti~Jliluu ni~m bllng da'u hi~u co

m~nh gfa Mil
4.2.

- Can d6i cd cau IOl,li
2. Nguyen t:ic b30

III. CA C KENH PHA T

- Ban dam bhng tin dung - hang hoa
-Bao dam bhng tl'ai phieu Chinh phu

3.Nguyi~nde quan
nha't

1:1 t~p trung thong

- Trung irong thong nhtt quan
phat hanh tien

19 viec

I, P!:~: hanh ti€n qua kenh tin'
Ngan hang Trung gian:

Cho cac NHTM va cac

vay v6n du'6'inhieu

2. PMt hanh ti€n qua kenh
pM:

dung d6i vdi chinh

hinh thifc khac nhau

Mua trai phleu Chinh phD hoac tam dng cho

NSNN

- Thtfc hii;n ky thu~t phat hanh eMt eM

4. Phat hiinh tit~nqua kenh thi tnfClngrnd:
Khi dn phat himh ti~n qua kenh nay,
NHTW s{: thOng bao MUA chUng tit co gia
cho cae NHTM bitt d¬ h<;>cfiing ky BAN cho
NHTW thet) plntCingthuc diiu th~u.

NGANHA.NGTR

5


DE

I. NHO'NG VAN
CHUNG TRONG
NGHltp
\TT,J TiN DT,JNG eVA
NHTW:
1. Nguyen t~c chung khi cho vay:

+ Khong v].muc tieu l(1inhuan rna vt
muc tieu cua eSTT
+ Clni di)ng di~u chinh kh6i Itf(1ngtin
'~ b''''• thi
Ii?
dung t h.12:0dren
len cua
.--1t ruong

II.

cxc HirNH THaC TIN Dl,JNG CVA NHTW:

1. Tal dip v
oa«

1.1.
khflu
a) Khai niern

J'a tai chitt

lchli'uchung til co

gia

2. Muc dich:

+ Bel sung ngudn v6n ngiin han cho cac

NHTM & TCTD khac.
+ TMe diiy tang tru'dng kinh tt b~n vU'ng
+ Di~u chinh nhip dQphat triin kinh tt.
3. ThOihan tin dung:
Ta't cii cac khoan tin dung do NHTW thirc
hien d6i vdi NHT~Y1ct~u co thoi h~n ng~n han

e) Phuong thtrc chiet khau:

* Phuong thiic ehitt

khau mua dtlt:

( khong hoan ll(li)

-BlI(Jc1:NHTM lam thu tuc chuyin nhuang
chung til cho NHTW

b) D6i nrong va di€u kj~n chi,rt kha'u
- El6i llf- Eli~lJkien chii[l khitu (el h"p phap, c6 kM nang II khi
dSn han. I;t.:l nang chuYEnnhlf<;lng,lhai h~n con l~i h;,tnlheo qui dinh cua NHTW).

-BlI(Jc-3: NHTW xlliit trinh chl'tng til cho
ngll(litrd tiin di dllf/Cthanh toan

1.2. Cho yay dm c6 chUng tu eo gia:

d) Phuong Ihue giao djch:

* Phl.(oug thtl'c giao

-BlI(Jc2: NHTW chuyin tiin cho NHTM

a) KMi ni~m:

djch tn!e tie'p :

b) Di~u ki~n:

Thu·: hien d6i voi chUng tu co gia t5n t~i
dl.l'dihlnh thuc chung chi

* Phl1C1ngthtl'c giao

+ NHTM iii nguoi th1,lhuang h<;1pphap cac

djch gian tie'p

Thu,: hien d6i voi chUng tu co gia ghi

+ NHTM kinh doanh 6n djnh ..

s6

CTCG
+ CTCG iii nhii'ng CT h<;1pphap, dang lu'U
hanh

6


* QUJi trinh

1.3 ClIOvay lai
a. KIlIii ni?m

th1j~hien:

-Buac 1: A'HTU lam ddlJ xin vay kem thea
CTCO
-B,t{ic 2: NHTW kiim tra, cha.p nhdn thi xdc
dinh sit ti~1i!CV (tollta 56%-80%)

h. Dii u kif 11 cho vay
+ NHTM hoat di)ng ifn dinh,
+ Chiit/ll{Ing till dung tift, no
+ HSTD co chill ilt{fng...
c. Mltc clio vay va tlldi ban

+ Mltc CV <80%ITifng du n{f
+ Thai han vay phi: ht;tp

-Buoc 3: NllTM trd

1l{1 va

nhijn lai CTCG

chi dinh

d. Quy trinli cho vay:
-Budc 1: NHTM lam dan xin vay kern HSTD

-Buoe 2: NHTW thfim djn1.!HS vay von
-B,,{lc 3: NHnV
vay

gidi ngiin "tu dang j cho

-B,t{lC4: NHTW thu n{1va tra lai HSTD

Muc dich:
Thuc hien cac muc tieu
DOl tuang cho vay:
+ Cac chuang trinh, du an
CP

triln kinh

tt cud

+ Cho vay cac chuang trinn khdc phuc hau qua
thien tai: ...
Cac NHTM dil diiu ki~n thi

3. Cho vay thanh toan
3.1. Cho VlY thanh tluin thltdng xuyell
Ml,JCaich

PhU(fng thue:

+ Cho vay qua ,tern
+ Cho vay tJu1uchi

3.2. Cho vay khOi ph,!-c

blc chi

Ira

- Ml,lc dich

- TY l~ khii niing chi trii
T6ng TSC c6 th€ thanh
phiii thanh toan ngay

7


4. Bao lanh cho cac ngan bang thtfo'ng mal
4.3. Dieu kien bao lanh
4.1. Khiii niern
a. T6ng rmrc baa lanh

+Muc BL < T6ng rmrc BL con lai

4.2. Cac ben lien quan

+ Ben baa Ianh (UHTW)

+ Ben duoc bdo liinh (NHTM)
Jao lanh (TCTC·TT QT, CP, NHTM,
Tap doan kini tiL.) .

+ Ben tim hl((Ing

(T6ng rmrc BLCL=;T6ng rmrc BL - DN yay NN)
b. Thai han baa lanh
+ (>,=, 5 narn)
c. Phi baa lanh
+ Phi BL=Gia tri BL*TgBL*T:Y Ie phf BL
d. Hlnh thirc bao lanh
+ Thir baa tanh

5. Tarn dng cho ngan sach nha nude:

* Qui trlnh

bal) lanh

- M1,Ic dich

-Buac 1:hHTlV titp nhij.n hiJ sa xin cap BL

- ThC1ihan cho yay:

-Buec 2: NHTlV thilm dinh llSBL

hanh

Ngan han, kh6ng qua nam ngan sach hien

-Buac 3: Thu h5i bdo tanh

I. NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG vE THJ
TRUONGMO:
1. Khai niem:
" Thi trtrong rnd (Open Market- OM):

Chuong IV

NIGHltpvv

TIll TRUeING

Ma

Th] tru'iYng giao dich mua ban chung tit co gia giua
NH'!'~~'·:lti cac NHTM va cac til chuc khlic, thang qua do
rna !lic dQng de'n kMi ti~n cung ung cho n~n kinh te', va
(Jj~u chinh hOllt dOng tin dl,JOgcoa M tM'ng ngan hang

* Nghi~p VQ thj trtfO'ngrnd (Open Market
Operations - OMO): Nghi~p VI! thi tru'iYng rnd Iii
nghi~
cac

VI! coa NHTW M tie'n hanh rnD!l ban n$.1n h",n
tii co
tr1!n thi tru'ong ti1!n t(! nharn thu'c

8


2. Hang hoa ciia thi tnfong md:
Hang hca cua thi tnrong
cac loai sau:

rna

gem

Tin phieu kho bac
Tin phieu Ngan hang Trung uong
Trai phieu chinh phu

- NHTM C6 phdn
- NHTM Lien doanh
- CN NHTM Nude

Trai phieu et6 thi
Chung chi tien gjri

II. cAc PHtfONG THUC GIAO DICR
TRl~N TI[! TRUONG MO:
.

2. Giao dich co hoan
han=- REPO)
Sd de}giao dich co ky

mua lal chitng tit co gia

n: NHTW ban va

.1. Giao dich khong hoan Iai (mua
hoac ban h~n):
Diiy la giao dich mua ban CTCG, ma ben
rnua va ben han kMng co bilt ky mQt cam
ktt 0110 \~ vi~c ban hoac mua lai cac
cluing tit do. Gia tr] G-TCG tai thc'li diim
dinh
C1(I(lcxac
nhu sau:

Sd d6 giao dich co ky han: NHTM ban va
mua lai cluing tit cci gia

I1I.CAC PHUONG
THJ TRUONG MO:

9


01

4un ilP 1.'1 llUiI!.1nYIlJlllU~UlS/'1 J!lU( JyJ llunp J.lS)
•
'n~lll llU9.l1UiI!A4UI141llu1._ll
OIP i'llIUiI!J lJns !!!I03t[1 4:ltp oe!ll p y!ll quiP JYX +
'qUIP Jyx :l.O,l1iP

~S nyq1
llu~l.(lS/'1 !QAllul' llu,oPItQql! :lYJ :1.'1 ~:UiI!J1,vns
!!:!IJl'W Jy:l 03q1 nyq1 ~:U!,.lllluPPI !.QIll!lfuiP :lYX +
'nV41~UI).I15/'1 ~I (U!!(!A\,LHN n,ilN
) 1,VlfUoeo nyql llU~1J1!/'1;;:S/'1 Jl'W :l!!J ~J lJU'nvql llUI;1.I1
SI'1 ~I (IlnUIA\,LHN n_ilN
) l!1qu oeo n"tlljlllu!,.1l!/'1 <: S/'1 Jl'W J!I;) P l_l1l.:(Y!~ni'!4U ) 1.'1 llUiI!.Infill llU~l.(ll,I1[1S
!lH quill :l!.lX+
&w npl)! l,?nS 1m n:¥qll~X 'q

(lluillu anb !{lll) nY41 nJ1Poyq lluQ4l. :Z JQpg +
(liuPPI tQ4l! 0341 nYlf1nJ1Pn,ilu ) 1J1nS!In UC4 ~l! 9J lfJjp oe!ll ucq !.Qql.(y!ll ni'!4u Aeq y!ll 1) 1J1ns!m nYlf1l~X Jl'q1 llu,oP4d ( s/'1 :ll}olf'liuPPI tQq)l ) nV41n,I1PJ~lf1 lluoJlqd uyq nnur uyJ
llul'qJ lluPPI t(4)1 :qJjp oe!ll 4Ut4 !CI1flniln JUW quIP JYX :1 JQpg +

m

: n VHl. n VG J j).HJ or
'!!

,v

.,

(.v.

HNUU
...

Ant> .A

'IIUipADb:>1.'111 llu!)J
0:'111q:>ipOil!:!!ll !,!l!qU)lyP D~1I1llu!,J1 sn lIuop 1.'S : 1,qu
lIugq1 Dt!q1llUDJ11,t'DS
!lll O:.q1lpjp oll!ll p !,!lllIuip lllX +
,
,
'
(BOW M.LHN DJU ) D~1I111u!,J1
sn
<' sn 9:>D~1I11tp lluPlIll91fl1 ~ D~11lu!,.I111uplIl 19lQl •
(uf-q M.LHN DJU ) D~lllu~l
sn
'> sn 9:>D~lltp lluPlIl !_!III))~ D~1I111u!,JllluplIl~1I)1 U~!AqUl,!ql:>1':>
Olll D~1I111u!UllluplIltgq)) IIU!P:>IlX+
oJlq lluglll lluPlIl tgq)l <'
,~)) '\1!I D~1I11tp :!U.o.nlulq'! 9:>9P !ftll,t'DS !!!I 111
D~ql ll~!,Jl sn
:(JI!lllQW) lJ'qu llu_gqlD~1I111u!,J1IJms!!1II1U!P:>IlX+
(l,yqu gU.Q411Jns !~I)ny nyt.t:) n~l)j lJns 1111 n~f.!11"X "~
:lJms !lll D~ll;lX',

gq uyqd ?I

n~ql l~P :3uP.IlIt9q)l
n~lTl~U~1l1:3up.nT~9q)1
, :n~s ~1»q:1~u9:) o~ql
qutp :)~x JP.IlPU~~AqU1i!ql~2wHlp npn EUP.ll
'5uP.IlI ~9q)l '9Q uyqd ~T ~l o~ql n~4l l?X
£)S A\~HN (ql o~q ~U,;>ql~UP.Il":
~,gq){aU9J, <

n~ql l~P '5uP.ti.It94){ :au9J, :, dOl[ :JuJ?Jl.l.L
•

'~u» d~p :)P.IlPn~p n~qll~p ~UP.IlI~9q){
1,Yl(IP o~q '5U9ql '5uP.IlTt9q){ gU~?l,:>
n~p '3uPJ1Tt9lf){~U9~ : l dpl[ 8ul!Jl.I.L
: gUPPI !_Qq:>f
n,qll~X-I
:nVHJ,
J,3X
3.(lHJ,
DNDflHd
·AI
~
,
.,

~J X
=:

m8 quip ;)ex ap lm~[A
Will nn;)
v. qUHql
'.X
(,
nvql ~U9.Ill~vns HH ~uitp 1,.1S~A TJ~!A
qu~ql ~UJ;.lloqJ' nyql ~U!ll.ll ~uP.nI
!})q)fqujp ;)yx NlLHN ~tPO~A t:~.na
,.

"p

"

•

,

GV

·n~qu ;)yq:>flJ~n:iml ;)P,W ;)!lJ WA~uPPI
Wq:>f~:>fgu~P WJLHN JY3 ·u~;q U,;) ;)~oq
~n~ uyJ guPP( tQq}l oyq gupql !qJ MJ,HN
:l,~ns !~(nrrql n}JG ·Z


+ Blf8e 3: Ni)p don dt! tMlu
+ Bo'8e4: T6 chile xet thdu

+ Blf8e 5:'Thong bao k~t qua da'u thau
+ Blf8e 6: L~p hop dang & chuyen giao h(ip
d6ng;
+ Blf8e 7: Thanh toan & chuyin giao chUng tu

I.

NH(rNG y AN

CljUNG

NGHIt
~
QUANLYN
?

vA

QUAN LY l\GO~I HOI:
1. Khlii ni~m ,,~ ngoal hO'i:
2. Hoat d(lng ngoal hO'i
- Giao did. yang lai: ngan han: XNK, dich vu:
chinh \ian thong, bao hi~m, hang khong ...
- Giao dich v_~ v§n: ddung qJOC te..
- Cac giao diet khac mua Jan ngoai h6i trong pharn

II. CHiNH SA-CHQUAN LY
I.KMi ni~m v~ chinh sach qudn
T6ng_h(,1pnhung th€ ch€ va
hili d€ dat dll(,1cmuc tleu v~

ngoal hoi:
quan
chinh

Iy

vI! ngoat

hoi:

quoc gia..

3. Quan 13' ngoai Mi
Quan

19 ngoai h6i la trach nhiern cua NHNN nhiim t~o
che'va mSi tIllang cho ho<)tdong ngo~i h6i dltQc
hanh mot each thong su6t, d6ng thoi la qua trinh
ki6rn tra
m sat cae
. t dong
h6j nhiim
teo

19 ngo~i

3. DO'itU'Q'ngquan

+ NglfO'ielf trti 1ftea nhan
t6 chli'c

:

- Cong dan VN (khong
VN elf trti d nlf8e ngofti

· T6 chuc tIn dQllg
· T6 chUc kiflh ti:
- Co quan nha IlIioc, dOn

ehli'c chinh tri -):li hQi...

vi

hIe IUQ'ngvii trang,

t6

- Cd quan (t~d di~n ngo~i giao, cd quan llinh sl1 cua
VN t~i nuo.; ngoai
· Van

- 6n dinh ty gil., thuc di}, ngolji

hO'i

a.. NgII;1I' cil tnl:

+ Nguoi cu tro UI

Muc lieu cu the' (mue tieu
th€ cua chinh sach quaD Iy

- NglfO'iOlive ngofti ell'
trd len
b. Nglldi khOng cli tro

ca

Till

cac
ngltdi Cit tru

t~i VN tu 12 th:ing

:
thllqC dOl tlt(lllg

11


vu QUAN LY NGO",I HOI CVA NHTW:
1. Quan I)' du' trii' ngnal hOInha nu.?e:
+ Quan Iithanh pll::!ndl,i Irii' nl:(I'Ii hili
Tit!n mijt toling ngoal t~
Ti€n 1~t1ib/lng ngoal t,~ d nude ngoal
ChUng khoan & ehll'ng Iii co gia do nuoe ngoal phil t
hanh
DI,itrii' n;~(,~ih5i tai IMF
QUY€lIIrut v6n dijc bi'lt cua VN ( SDR)
DI,itrif Va:,lg cua nlUi nuoe
l'igo'!i h6i I(hlie ella ni.a nude
+ ClIe nguy~'n lile lrung 'Iuan If dl,i Irii' ngo'!i h6i
An toan
linh 110'1t ,!j, eo Iqi
Bao diim khii [ling thanh toan
III. NGHltp

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

o

2. Quan If hoar d,)ng ngoa! h6i:
a. Kluii 1Iifll! vi hoat d911g1IgO{liho,
Cac hoat di)ng co lien quan de'n ngoai hili, su dung ngoal
MIlam phuong ti~n giao dich
h. DOl hll!llg va pham vi hoat dQlIg IlgO{li ho,
+ Cac NHTM : Hoat di)ng ngoai h6i qu6e ni)i va qudc te'
+ Cac TCID phi ngan hang: Hnat di)ng ngoal hdi vOi
•
pham vi hep
+ Cac til chirc khac : Djeh vu ki€u h6i, thu
c. Quail Ij llo{lt d911g1Igo{li
+ Quan Iigiao djch viing lai
+ Quan Ii giao dich v6n
+ Quan Ii hO'}td(lng ngo!)i h6i khae

ItO,

Mi

ngoal Iii...

o

d. Til chite

fa

q uin

Ii

hO~1t!91lg elia tlli tntiJng IIifj

i!.)(.;j

+ Ban hanh quy che' va ke't nlilPthanh vien thi

tru'an~ hal doai
+ Quan If hO~ltdqng tr.~n thi trl10ng Mi dOlii:
giam sit, di~u tie't thi trl10ng
e.Xae d;nh e,1eM' va tang b5 ij gia Izifj dotii dling VN
+ Cd che' ,quan IIty gili Mi doai
CO' c'finh
Tha n6i tl;-'do

Tha n6i co

+ Cong b6 ty gia Mi doai:
- Cong b6 ty gia USDI VND ,
- Cong b6 bien dQgiao thl1o'ngml,li
*TG mua (tha'p nha't)=TGbq(l- bien dQgiao *TG ban (cao nha)=TGbq(l+ bien dq giao Bien dq giao do NHNN cong b6 trong tUng thai

kyo

o

o

*Trl,lng thai ngol,li h6i (Foreign Exchange
Position) la chenh I~ch giua tai san co v~ ngol,li
t~ v6'itai san nc! v~ ngol,lit~.
+ Cae bi~;n phap lti~u chinh

ty ghi :

Pha gia ti~n t~
. Ning gia W;n t~

Di~u chinh lai sua't CK, tai CK
Can thi~p tn;ic tie'p V~lO TT
+ Quan

Iy

trang t1uii ngo:;ti h6i:

+ A>B :

TRANG THAI NGOAI 1101 WONG ( T7lfIilNG
.
'",
+ A< B: TRANG THAI NG~I HOI AM ( IJOAN THt)

THE)

12


• Gidi han trang thai ngoal h6i (Limit of _
"Foreign Exchange Position) do chinh la· gi

cao nhrlt eua t rang -~h3i ngoal h6i du'o'ng so vO'i
v6n tl1 co, ho~: ciia trang thai ngoai h6i am-so
vO'iv6n tit co.
Gbtll:U'

u;u-gtli>i rg:l1i tiii

1i;!Q:1rl'li q:p;ity4
~WgJIi1C:lll

$

-fy!?lqJydidl

".qtcO,ll3lg111ng

a. Tifng lu;1psif lif u
te:'

va iijp can

}- Khai mern v~ can
International Payment)
anh tang so' thu va tang
Mi v(li cac nu'
nhit dinh

n TTQT
ng tang
chi ciia
mQt

(Balance
hQ'p phan
mQt mtthili gian

+ Giao dich v~ von

+Giao dich lang lai :

- Cac gia« dich v~ hang hoa
- Cac giao dich v~ dich vu (v~n tai, du
ljch, bii(J'hii!m, hang khong, ngan hang...)
- Ca(: gia.) djch v~ ~-uatnh~p khl1u lao
dQng
- Cae gia·()djch v~ k@'tqua d§u ttt (Uii
ttt DT mlc ti@'p,lsi ttt DT tai chinh).
- Cae gia.) dich chuy~n giao m()t chi~u
( vi~n trq, qua b!l@'u,
ki~UIML.)

- DAu nr tnrc ti€p ( u'u:
v6n, tang nang luc SX,
vi~c lam ...j nhu'l1c: 0
ki~t tai nguyen, hOc IQt

nh~n cong nghe,
hh phong phu, tao
moi tru'
- DAu til' gian ti€p (u'u:
danh mQc DT, nhu'l1c: d~
hoang ...)

• Cae IOlJlican can thanh toan qu6c t@':
-/ Photn I()~i can can thanh toan quilc
pruin >lnh:

Ie thell

thai gian

+ Can dn Ih\!,c h ~n har baa cao
( Report BalancE ): chi holin tb:inh
+ Can can ke'hOljch hay dV baa
( Plan Balano:e ): se thl/': hi~n
-/ PMn 1(I~j theo nj)i dWlg pruin anh :
+ Can Clin viing lai ( Baiance I)f Current):
ke't qua d;lroItLg,!m: CCTM vii CCDV

XNK, dich V\l,

+ Can c:in v~'n( ilalancl! of Cllflital ): DT !rt!c tie-p, DTTC,

b. Nguyen tile, traell nllifm
can ciin tllanl' toan quifc It
}- Nguyen liic l~p can can
* Can can thanh toan
bi) giao dich
kh6ng clf tni.

thili IIgn iijp bao cao
toan qu5c t€.
t€ phii phin anh toan
clf trll va nglfCli

TDQT

13

}i>

+NHNNVN: T6ng hops6li~u va l~p CCTTQT

* Cac

+Cac BQ, cd quan ngang bQ, T6ng cue TK,DL,HQ ... :
Ph6i hQ'p va cung cfl'p thOng tin cho NHNN di l~p
CCTTQT dliQ'ckip thO'i

Don '7j ti~n t~ dung trong can can thanh
toan qUi)C ctla dollar My (lJSD).
giao dlch kinh te' dt1Q'cphan anh vao can
can thanh toan qu6c te' phiii la s6 li~u tMng ke
tai thm di~nt hach toan vao s6 sach ke'toan.

}i>

* Cac

giao dich kinh te' dliQ'ctinh theo gia thuc
te' Cia thOa thudn giil'a ngu'O'i co' trti va ngu'O'i
khong cu tru khi phan anh vao can din thanh
toan qunc ct.

C.

Trach nhiern l~p can can TTQT:

*

Bi?1Ipluip g.'iim b(ii chi (din bling) CCTTQT:

ThO'i han l{ip can can thanh toan qu6c te':

+ D6i v~i can din KH (qui: ch~m nhfl't 25/th thn 3 qui
, HH; nam: 25/9)

~ Ne'u CCTTQT KH ( ngan ngua )

~ Ne'u CCTT(lT thl)'c hi~n
+NHNN

+ Tang L3 tai CK

+ B<)TC

+ E)iGu ehiJlh

tY gia

+ B<)KH E)~u tu'

+ SU'dl,1ngmF~

+B<)TM

+ Yay n
+ B<)GTVT, Bu'Uehinh vi€n thong

Chu'dng VI
A!

."

.'\

A:'

TO CHUC H]~ THONG
THANH ToAN
QUA NGA.N HANG

I. NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG VE lit THONG
THANH TOAN QUA NGAN HANG:
1. clic hlnh thuc chu chuy~n ti~n t~ trong n~n
kinh te' : TM va KDTM
2. Dij.c di~m va tac dQng cua thanh toan qua ngan
hang:

14


a) D~'ic a.i(m cuei thanh loan qua ngdn hang:

- V,.ln d(ifig CUol hh & tt It'JaQc lq,p

- IT dong vai fro v,~ttrung gian
- l\Hc((ir.g va; (/'0 quan trong
h) rae dung cua thanb toan quo ngdn hang:
- /'o:in kinh te'
- liB

3. Nhffng quy djnh ehung
ngan hang:
a) DOL tuang dp dung:
• Thii nhilt: Cac t6 chirc
roan
• i nu hai: Ngiroi dLf(Jc
roan (khach hang noi chu
h) Pham vi up dung
c) Quy din}: vg vi~c rna va

- Khdch hang

II. cAc PHlf<1NG TRUC THANH TOAN QUA
NGANHANG:
1. Thanh toll.n qJ6e n(ii:
Thanh toan bang See (Cheque - check)
Thanh toan bang uy nhiem chi - hoac lenh chi
Thanh toan bang uy nhiern thu
Thanh toan biing the ngan hang (Bank Card)

irng dich

Vl,I

thanh

ung dich vu thanh

va chung ti:t thann

a) Khai niem

b) Phuong tien

I.TU.ITl,TL'""

c) Cdc phuang thuc thanh todn:

I. Phuong ':hue (huy~n tien (Remittance)
2. f'hudng U1UC thanh toan Nhu thu (Collection of
Payrnent):

+ Nho thu kern chung tII :
+ l\:bu thu trdn
3, Phuong thuc tin d~ng chung tII (Documentary
Credits),

III. T() CHUC vA
THANH TOAN QUA
NHNN:
1. T6 eM'e va di~u hanh h~
nganhang:
" Thanh toan song phudng
" Thanh toan lien ngan hang

2. T6 ehue thanh toan Ii~n

15


A> THANH ToAN BU TRU:
1. Kh3i niem:
2. Hlnh thuc btl trir:
+ Thanh toa n bii trit thu ciing (thanh
loan bit (Tit gw.Y):
* lUll tai khoan thanh todn bit tra:
* Cdch. t5 chile thanh todn:
+ Thanh todn bit trit di?n tii

Chtidng VII
"

;:,

"

DIElf HANH CHINH SACH
T][]ENTt
GIA

ouoc

B> THANH TOAN TUNG Lt\N QUA
TKTG Ti}I NHNN:
1. Khai niern:

2. Hinh thuc thanh toan:
+ Thanh todn tung ldn qua NHNN
bling chung tit giay.
+ Thanh todn titng ldn qua NHNN
bling di?n tii.

I. KHAI NIEM
SACH HEN·Tt

vA Ml,IC TIEU CVA CHiNH

ouoc GIA:

1. Khai ni~m: v~ chfnh sach ti~n t~ (Monetary
Policy)

2. Trach nhiem va quyen han: cua cac Mi tu'(jng
lien quan Mn chfnh sach ti~n t~ qu6c gia

E>6ivdi Chii rich Niroc
E>6ivdi Chinh phil
E>6iv(Ji NgHn hang Nha nu'OeVi~t Nam
E>6ivOicae B(\ Nganh khae eua Chinh phu
E>6iv(JiQut\e h(\i ( tili lii;:u)
3. Oie iC'lilichfnh sach ti~n t~
.,.CSTl' th~: ehi;jt

4. Cac muc tieu cua chinh sach ti~n t~
a. MIlC tieu truac mtil (M(IC tieu ngiln ha« - muc
lieu vi tiin te)

+ On djnh gia tri d6i ni)i va gia tTi d6i ngo~i eua
d6ng ti~n.
+ Ki€m soat va di~u hoa kh6i ti~n giao dieh (MI)
eua n~n kinh te:
b. MIlC tieu cd ban (MIlC tieu kinlz It)
+ On dinh va thue diiy tang tru·(jngkinh tif
+ T~o vi~c him cho ngU'oi lao dOng, g6p philn On
dinh tr~t ll! xa hOi.

16


LI

4U!4;) 04;) ~uilpun +
u~u04;) ~uilpU!.L +

W UI/!I n~o UI?p bUQd11.f4UI? Plil.194>t
lens If/I W;;!p uenb tu e.np (:11\;;1 Li¬ lfJn~o
d?4U n41 bU91 eQo eJ.4bu cuep
~!!b
I.fU1PO?X O?ll\ u?p d~o ?p l?ln41 DOH -

>1

?I\

'H6t WflU ,,71 u;;!i
eQo enw oJ)S" W~4d O?I ent W£,'L' QJ ~1
UI/Il l5uOOI 9s I?J.n41 OC4 u?p d?:l I/P f/p

U;;!I n~p 004 ?I I./U!>t(:1I./U(:11J;J -Is,::! .5ul/LI1-

HHV::JVI~ ~NOI :H'
• • N31! Avn'(!!}
~N9J\ ¢~ ::J91 :J\'
~NOHI
OH::J1;11HlNY::J
N311~Nplli IOH)f~ .
~
:9(f~NO~1

nrn

uliq !t1P !li[l1flUlliu!;>!: dpH
UP] ;JUPJl] uaq ~:l[ y:) !J.lli uY!.L

t11\ ZW 11I~?!) TY'(
W~!:l[ l}!l !J.lli u~!.L
9lju ;JUPJl] uliq ~:l[ ;1:> !J.lli u~!.L

t11\ IW 11I9D :ZY'I

Y'/-JvJvnJ
,
~
9Hl tun lynllnV

'UJ!p

liUP Jy1 u;:?An~u O;:)liln)~J

;5U011U?!1 ;5UP)11!9lj)l

NtIIl
IOID! vno
nYJ lilll
:::,,.v
(.
»
"'v

(3:1. N3U IOH)) vno nvo l3)1)
?l U~Il !9lp{ Ul}J u¥qd qUl?t{: qufp ;)Jrf (B
:u~n!,Qq)(
c~q n~JP ~A ~u1,l~unJ'q~lys qUJq;) °1
,
:VI~ 39ft(] ~q,
N~I.L

H:J)iS HNJH:J VQ.~)

nyJI DJ on

vno nvo
ltDI
,.v
t.

,.v

I

\

3. Chinh sach ngoai hO'i:
- V~ du tru .igoai h6i
- V~ ty gia h6i
thi trueing h6i doai
-v~cac giao dich h6i doai
III. CON(; eTJ DIEU HANH CSTT

-v«

aoai

1. Tal di'p vl(n (Refinancing)
2. Lal suli! (Interest Rate)
3. Nghiep VlJ thl trdong rod (The Open

4. Ty gia h6i doai
(Foreign Exhcnage Rate)
5. Dt! tru bilt buoc
(Reserve Requirements)
6. Cac cong cu khac
(Other Instruments)
Tang cuong hoat dong thanh tra
giam sat

1