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Nhdn xet :
- So v(Ji n a m 1913 t h i san luang cdc sdn phSm d Nga gidm siit nghiem
t r p n g , d i l u do chijfng to r&ng k i n h te nKdc N g a X6 v i e t dang gap r a t nhieu
kho k h a n .
- NhOrng k h 6 k h a n , thur t h a c h do dat r a cho rnldc N g a X6 vi§'t cAn p h a i c6
c h i n h sach ve k i n h te cho phu hop de d\ia dat nUdc t h o a t k h o i k h i i n g hoang.
l a i b^t d a u tit
C a u 3 : V i s a o v i ^ c t h i i c h i ^ n C h i n h s a c h k i n h te m6i
nong nghiep ?
- Mac du C O sir chenh ISch v l t r i n h do phat t r i e n k i n h te, v l dien t i c h va
dan so giOfa cac nifdc cong hoa, nhung tir tircmg c h i dao co ban cua L e - n i n l a s a
binh d i n g ve moi mat va quyen t u quyet ciia cac d a n tpc, sir giiip dor iSn nhau
cung phat t r i e n v i muc tieu chung la xay difng t h a n h cong chu nghia x a hpi.
. D§'n cuoi n a m 1925,, n h d siT n6 lUc ciia cac nifdc cpng hoa. L i e n Xo da
jioan t h a n h ve cP ban cong cupc k h o i phuc k i n h te sau chien t r a n h .
C S u 6 : V a i t r o c u a V . I . L e - n i n t r o n g c o n g c u p c k h o i p h u c k i n h te v a ;
p h a t t r i e n d a t ni^dfc s a u chie'n t r a n h .
* HU&ng ddn trd lai :
* Huong d&n trd lai :
C h i n h sdch k i n h tS" mcJi d Nga b i t dau tuf nong nghiep, ma quan t r o n g
n h a t l a t h a y the che dp triftig t h u liTcfng thifc thiTa b k n g ch§' do thue ItfOng
thifc. Sd d i n h a vay v i :
- Do'i v d i niTdc N g a liic nay de thoat ra k h o i k h u n g hoang, n o n g nghiep la
k h a u can ban, tiT do c6 t h e keo theo toan bo day chuygn ciia cugc phat t r i e n
luc lirong san xua't.
- Viec n o n g dan diTcfc t i f do ban liTOng thUc r a t h i triTdng sau k h i nop du
thue se l a m cho ho p h a n k h d i san xua't, nang cao n a n g sua't lao dpng, san
xuS't n o n g nghiep phuc h o i n h a n h chong.
- T r e n ca sor dugc cung cap lucfng thirc va nguyen l i e u tU nong nghiep, san
xua't cong nghiep difcrc phuc hoi va phat t r i e n .
- Sau chie'n t r a n h , nUdc N g a X6 v i e t gSp r a t n h i e u k h o k h a n , de k h i c phuc
khung hoang, n h a n h chong han g i n vet thupng chien t r a n h va p h a t t r i e n
k i n h te, L e - n i n da de r a C h i n h sach k i n h te m d i . N h d c h i n h sach nay da diTa
rxxidc Nga virpt qua cupc k h u n g hoang k i n h t e , c h i n h t r i .
- T r o n g cong cupc xay ditog va bao ve dat niTdc doi h o i cac dan tpc p h a i
li§n m i n h chat che v d i nhau n h i m tang ci/cfng suTc m a n h ve m p i m a t . C h i n h
L§-nin la ngifori chi dao true tiep D a i h p i Ian thi? nha't c i c x6 v i e t toan L i e n
bang va t u y e n bo t h a n h lap L i e n bang Cpng hoa xa h p i chii n g h i a Xo v i e t
(gpi t i t l a L i e n Xo).
- Sau l i h i t h a n h lap L i e n bang Xo viet, L e - n i n c6n chi dao cic niro'c cpng hoa
phai thiTc hien quyen b i n h d i n g , quyen dan tpc tiT quyet va giup dd Ifin nhau
cung phat t r i e n v i muc tieu chung la xay diftig t h a n h cdng chii nghia xa hpi.
C a u 4 : Dijfa v a o so l i ^ u n S m 1921 v a n a m 1923 t r o n g b a n g k e dtfofi d&y,
h a y n e u t a c d ^ n g c u a C h i n h s a c h k i n h te m d i d o i v d i n e n k i n h te'.
cpng hoa ma L i e n Xo da hoan t h a n h ve cP ban cong cupc k h o i phuc k i n h te
* Huang ddn trd lai :
San pham
- N h 6 nhutng cong lao to Idn cua L e - n i n cung vdi sir n8 liTc ciia cac niTdc
sau chien t r a n h .
Nam
1921
Nam
Ngu coc ( t r i e u ta'n)
37,6
56,6
Gang ( t r i e u ta'n)
0,1
0,3
Thep ( t r i e u ta'n)
0,2
0,7
V a i spi ( t r i e u met)
105,0
691,0
Dien (trieu kw/h)
0,55
1,1
* Tdc dung:
•
• Phuc h o i , p h a t t r i e n k i n h te, cai t h i e n dofi song n h a n dan.
C a u 7 : H a y c h o b i e t v i sao de x a y
1923
- Sau k h i hoan thanh cong cupc k h o i phuc k i n h te. L i e n Xo chiTa thoat
s i n p h a m quo'c dan.
([
3'
- Tao ccf sd k i n h t e , c h i n h t r i cho L i e n X6 bifdc vao coftg cupc xay dutog chu
nghia xa h o i .
*a|
C a u 5 : L i e n b a n g X 6 v i e t dtidc t h a n h l^ip n h i ^ the n a o ?
* Huang ddn trd lai :
- Durdi s U c h i dao trirc t i e p cua V . L L e - n i n , D a i h p i I a n thiJ nha't cac X6
- L i e n Xo p h a i thiTc h i e n n h i e m vu cong nghiep hoa de bien L i e n Xo tir
ni6t mrdc n o n g nghiep thanh mot nirdc cong nghiep.
C a u 8 : N e u n h S n g t h a n h t i i u c u a c o n g c u p c x a y drfng c h i i n g h i a x a
h p i d L i e n X o q u a h a i k e h o a c h 5 n&m.
* Huang ddn trd lai :
- Qua h a i ke hoach 5 n a m , cong cupc xay diTng chu n g h i a xa h p i da dat
dirpc n h i e u t h a n h tiAi to I d n , diTa L i e n Xo tiT mot nirdc nong nghiep lac hau
t r d thanh mot cUfifng quoc cong nghiep xa h p i chii nghia. N a m 1937,
la L i e n x6), gom bon nifdc
Cpng hoa X6 viet dau t i e n la Nga, U-crai-na, Be-16-rut-xi-a va Ngoai Cap-ca-do.
san
lupng cong n g h i e p c h i e m 77,4% t o n g san lirpng quoc dan.
- T r o n g n o n g nghiep, cong cupc tap the h6a nong nghiep da dira 93% so
viet toan L i e n bang d i i n r a cuoi t h a n g 12 - 1922 da tuyen b6' t h a n h lap L i e n
126
chu nghia xa hpi, n h a n dSn
k h 6 i t i n h t r a n g san xua't lac hau, vdi nen nong nghiep chiem t r e n 2/3 tong
- NiMc N g a da day m a n h diigc san xuat va luu t h o n g h a n g hod.
bang Cong hoa xa h p i chu nghia X6 v i e t (gpi tit
d i J t a g
L i e n X o p h a i thrfc h i ^ n n h i ^ m v u c o n g n g h i e p h o a ?
* Huang ddn trd lai :
jRdng hp v d i t r e n 9 0 % d i ^ n t i c h canh tac v a o n e n n o n g nghiep t a p t h e h o a , c6
Bn'
HI?
mo san xua't I d n va cd sd vat cha't - k i thuat dirpc co g i d i hoa.
127
- Ve v a n h6a - giao due, Li§n xo da t h a n h todn n a n m u chOr, xAy di m g hi
t h o n g gido due t h o n g n h a t , hoan t h a n h pho cap gi&o due t i e u hoc t r o n g c?
nude va thue hi§n ph6 cap gido due t r u n g hoe co sd d cdc t h a n h pho.
- Cung v d i nhumg bien doi ve k i n h t e , co cdu giai cap xa h o i cung t h a y doi
CAc giai cap b6c l o t b i xoa bo, c h i c6n l a i h a i ' giai cap lao dong l a cong nhan
nong dan t a p t h e va t a n g Idp t r i thiJc m d i xa h o i chu nghla.
- Tir n a m 1937, n h a n d a n L i g n xo tiep tuc thuc h i e n ke hoaeh 5 n a m lai
thiJ ba, n h u t i g cong cupc xay dung chii nghia xa h o i t a m thori b i gian doan bo
cuoc chie'n t r a n h x a m lucfc cua p h a t x i t Dijfc t h d n g 6 - 1941.
C a u 9 : Tiif n a m 1922 d e n n a m 1933, L i e n X o d a d ^ t diT^c nhuing k e l
q u a g i t r o n g q u a n h § n g o a i giao ?
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
- Sau each m a n g t h d n g MiTcfi, C h i n h quyen Xo v i e t da t i t o g budc xdc laj:
quan h § ngoai giao v d i m o t s6' nUdc Idng gieng d chau A v ^ chau A u .
- Tuy n h i S n , t 6 n t a i tron'g vong vay t h u dich cua chu ngbTp t>' ^-^^ +hp pirti
L i e n Xo da k i e n t r i va b e n b i daii t r a n h t r o n g quan he q:
v5 c h i n h sach bao vay, co l a p ve k i n h te vk ngoai giao cua ckc nUdc de quoc.
C a u 10 : L a p b a n g s o s a n h " C h i n h s a c h c p n g s a n t h d i c h i S n " v a
" C h i n h s a c h k i n h te m d i " theo m S u dufdti d a y :
Ti§u chi so s^nh
Chi'nh sach c6ng sdn \W\n
Chinh sach kinh te mtfl
Hoan dnh
- Noi dung Chinh
sach kinh te mdi :
+ T h a y che do t r i m g t h u Itfcfng thiTc thifa bling thue lifcmg thuc.
+ Cho phep t u n h a n xay dung nhCifng x i nghiep nho, k h u y e n k h i c h t i f ban
niTdc ngo^i dau tii k i n h doanh d Nga.
+ N h ^ nufdc nim ckc mach mau k i n h t e .
+ Tir n h a n dUOc tir do bu6n b ^ n , trao doi.
+ T h e h i e n sif chuyen doi k i p t h d i , d l y sang tao tiT n e n k i n h te m a N h a
*Hudng ddn trd Idi:
nude nAm doc quyen v4 m o i m a t sang n e n k i n h te nhieu t h d n h p h a n v a tU do
Ti6u chi so sanh
Chinh sach c6ng sin thofl chl6'n
Chinh sach kinh te' m6i
Hoan canh
1918 -1920, tienhanh chi§'n tranh
each mgng thu trong giac ngoai.
1921 - 1925, I
- Tri/ng thu li/ong thuc thifa.
buon b a n .
+ C h i n h sach k i n h te m d i eon mang y nghia quoc te sku sic d o i v d i cong
ni/6c baflc vao thcii ki hoa binh,
cuoc xay dung chu n g h i a xa h o i d m o t so nUdc t r e n t h e gidi.
xSy di/ng xa hOi chij nghTa.
C a u 2 : Sijf t h a n h I g p L i e n b a n g C p n g h o a x a h p i c h u n g h i a X o v i e t
- Bai bo che dp trirng thu lirong
d i l n r a nhif the nao ?
* Hudng
ddn trd Idi :
- Qu6'c hDu hoa loan bO xf nghiep.
thgc, thay b^ng thug' ii/ong thgc.
- I\lh^ nude ndm dOc quy^n ve
- Tg do bu6n ban, mb lai cac chq.
quan 11, phSn phS'i lifong thgc,
- Cho phep tu nhSn m6 cac xi
v i et t o ^ n L i e n b a n g d i l n r a cuoi t h a n g 12 - 1922 da tuyen bo t h ^ n h l a p L i e n
thgc pham.
nghiep nhjO.
bang Cong h6a x a h o i chu nghia Xo vie t (goi iit
- Thi hanh che dp lao dfing bk
- K^yg'n •• khich tu b^n nude
cong hoa Xo v i et dau t i e n l a Nga, U-crai-na, Be-lo-riit-xi-a va Ngoai Cdp-ca-do.
bu6c.
ngoai'dau tu kinh doanh 6 Nga.
- Tap trung loan bo site ngudi,
si/c cua de chong thu trong giac
ngoai
- Phyc hoi, phat trien kinh te,
cai thign dc!i song nhan dan.
dau Dang vk N h a nUdc Xo viet, qua ddi. Do \k mot t o n t h a t to Idn doi vdi nhan
- Tgo CO sc! kinh tg', chfnh trj
cho Lien Xo bi/6c vao cong cuOc
xSy dgng chu nghTa xa hoi.
va bao v^ dat nUdc L i e n xo trong nhOtng ndm 1924 - 1953.
- Bao ve thanh qua cua Cach
m^ing th^ng IVlucJi.
128
k i n h te mdri.
* Huang ddn trd Idi .•
- Hoan cdnh :
+ N a m 1921, nirdc N g a Xo vie t budc vao t h d i k i hoa b i n h xay difng dat
nUdc t r o n g hoan canh cure k i k h 6 k h a n : N e n k i n h te quoc d a n b i t a n p h a
n g h i e m t r o n g . T i n h h i n h chinh t r i k h o n g on d i n h , cac luc lUcJng p h a n cdch
m a n g dien cuong chong pha, gay bao loan d nhie u n o i .
+ Nifdc N g a tax vao t i n h t r a n g k h i i n g hoang v l k i n h te' - c h i n h t r i , de
oa sif t o n t a i ciia C h i n h quyen Xo viet.
+ N h ^ m khdc phuc k h u n g hoang, n h a n h chong h a n g 6 n v e t thtfOng chien
t r a n h v a p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e . D a i h o i I a n t h d X D a n g B6n-se-vich vao t h d n g
3 - 1921 quyet d i n h chuyen Chinh sach Cong sdn thai, chien sang Chinh sach
kinh te mdi.
+ Dua ni/dc N g a thoat k h 6 i k h u n g hoang v l k i n h te - c h i n h t r i .
Tac dgng
Tac dgng
C a u 1 : T r i n h bay hoan canh, n p i dung v a y nghia c u a C h i n h sach
- Y nghia:
IMOi dung
NOi dung
I I . C A U H 6 I VA B A I T A P B 6 SUNG
- Dudi su c h i dao trUc ti§'p ciaa V . I . L 6 - n i n , D a i h o i I a n thuf nhS't cac Xo
l a L i e n xo), gom bon nUde
- Ngay 21-1-1924, V . I . L e - n i n , l a n h t u v i dai cua giai cap v6 s ^ , ngUdi ducng
dan L i e n xo, giai cap cong nhan quoc te va cac dan tpc b i dp bUe t r e n toan the
gidi. Sau k h i L e - n i n m^t, X t a - l i n len thay, tiep tuc lanh dao cong cupc xay dung
.
129
C a u 3 : E m C O nhgn xet gi ve " C h i n h sach k i n h te mdri"? Theo hieu
biet cua em Dang C^ng san V i ? t Nam c6 v|ln dung chinh sach nay
trong thdi k i doi m«Ji khong ?
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
- Co the xem "Chinh sach kinh te m6i" la mot budrc liii nhimg la mot biTdc
lui ckn thiet de Lien Xo vuot qua nhufng kho khan thuf thach, tao da vOrng
birdc v^o th&i k i xay dimg chu nghia xa hoi, the hien su lanh dao sang suot
cua Dang B6n-se-vich dufng dau la Le-nin.
- Dang ta da van dung kinh nghiem nay vao dieu kien cu the cua Viet Nam
trong thdi k i doi mdi 1^ phat trien nen kinh te san xuat h^ng hoa nhieu
thanh phan c6 sir dinh hudng cua n h ^ nUdrc.
•
C a u 4 : C h i n h sach k i n h te mdri da dem lai nhfing ket qua to Idrn gi
oho dat nxidc ?
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
- Cdc ng^nh kinh te difcfc'phuc hoi nhanh ch6ng.
- Dcfi song nhan dan duoc cai thien.
- Da tao dieu kien de dSn den sU thanh lap Lien bang Cong hoa xa hoi chu
nghia X6 viet 12 - 1922
C a u 5 : G h i s\i k i ^ n lich sijf vao opt B cho phu htfp vofi thdi gian or cQt
A dufdi day :
A
B
1. 3-1921
2. 12-1922
3. 1940
CAC
N U C I C T\J
BAN
CHU
GlOfA HAI C U Q C CHIEN TRANH THE
NGHTA
GICll (1918 - 1 9 3 9 )
Bai 25
K H A I Q U A T C A C Nl/CfC TlT B A N C H U N G H I A GltJA H A I
C U O C C H I E N T R A N H T H E GlCfl (1918 - 1939)
cAu
H6I, B A I TAP
cd
BAN
C a u 1 : T r i n h bay cac giai doan phat trien chinh cua chu nghia ivt
ban gii?a hai C U Q C chien tranh the giofi (1918 - 1939).
* Huang ddn trd lai:
- Chien tranh the gidi thuT nhat ket thiic, cac nUdc tU ban to chijfc Hoi nghi
Vec-xai (1919-1920) va Hoi nghi Oa-sinh-tdn de phan chia quyen loi. Trat tu
Vec-Oa hinh thanh.
- Mifdi nam sau chien tranh, cdc ni/dc iii ban phat t r i ^ n qua 2 giai doan :
+ Giai doan 1918 - 1923: Cac nifdc tuf ban (trir Mi) lam vao t r i n h trang
khung hoang k i n h te, chinh t r i , bieu hien d sif suy sup ve kinh te va cao trao
each mang biing len manh me.
+ Giai doan 1924 - 1929: Cac nude tiT ban budc v^o thdi k i on dinh ve
chinh t r i va dat mile tang trifdng ve kinh te. Nhiftig s\i phat trien khong
dong deu giufa cac m/dc.
C a u 2 : Neu nhi^ng net noi b^t ciia cao trao each mang 1918 - 1923 d
4. 1926 - 1929
cac ni^dtc tvC ban c h a u Au.
5. 1928 - 1932
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
6. 1933 - 1937
- NhiJng nam 1918 - 1923, mot phong trao each mang da bung nS d cac
7. 1936
nude tif ban.
8. 6-1941
- Nguyen nhdn :
* Huang ddn trd Icti:
A
B
1. 3-1921
Oang Bon-se-vich thi/c hi§n chinh sach kinh tg' mfli.
2. 12-1922
Lien bang Cong hoa xa hpi chu nghTa X6 vig't thanh lap.
3. 1940
Nang t6ng so 15 nt/flc gia nhSp Lien x4
4. 1926 -1929
Ti§'n hanh cong nghiep h6a.
5. 1928 - 1932
Ke hoach 5 n§m l^n thil nhat.
6. 1933 - 1937
Ke hoach 5 nam Ian thCf hai.
7. 1936
San li/cfng cong nghiep difng dau chau Au.
8. 6-1941
DiJc tan cong Lien X6.
130
ChUcfng VII
+ Do hau qua cua Chien tranh the gidi thuf nh§^t, chau Au la chien trUdng
chinh, toan bo ganh nang cua chien tranh de len vai nhOCng ngUdi lao dong.
+ Do anh hudng cua Cach mang thang Mudi Nga.
- Bqc diem noi bat cua phong trao :
+ Mang t i n h quan chung rpng Idn.
-I- Khong diftig lai d y§u sach kinh te.
-I- The hi$n tinh tieh cUe ve chinh t r i , t h ^ lap cac nUde Cong hok X6 viet.
- NhCng nam 1924 - 1929, phong trao cong nhan tam thdi l^ng xuong.
Tuy the cac cuoc dau tranh ddi cai thien dieu kien lam viec, che do tien
luong, ddi t u do dan chii vkn tiep d i l n .
131
Cau 3 : Q u a cac n ^ i dung hoat d$ng cua D a i hpi I I va D a i hpi V I I ,
h a y nh^in x e t v a i tro c i i a Q u o c tg' C p n g s a n d o i v d i p h o n g t r a o e a c h
m a n g the gidri.
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- D a i h o i I I (1920) giiir m o t v i t r i n o i bat trong lich suf hoat dong ciia Quoc
te Cpng sdn v
+ Qua L u a n cUcfng ve vai trb lanh dao ciia D a n g Cong sdn da chi r a cho
cdch mang the' g i d i , nhat 1^ cdch mang v6 san muoh dau tranh gianh duoc
thdng l o i phai c6 chinh dang cua giai cap v6 san. N o t r d thanh n h d n to quyet
dinh m p i thdng l o i ciia c&ch mang v6 san.
+ Qua L u a n cuong ve van de dan toe va thuoc d i a cua L§-nin da chi ra
cho giai cS'p v6 san va eae dan toe thuoc dia muo'n dau tranh gianh t h ^ n g l o i
phdi lien minh, lien k e t vdi nhau, thire hien khau hieu eua L e - n i n : "Vo san
t a t ca ede nifdc va cac dan tde b i dp hdc doan ket l a i " .
- D a i h o i I a n V I I (1935), Quoc te Cong san da chi ro nguy eo cua ehu nghia
phdt x i t va keu goi cac D a n g Cong san tich cUe dau tranh thanh lap cAc m a t
tran thong nha't cong n h a n va cde life li/ong tien bo n h ^ m muc tieu chong
phdt x i t , chong chien tranh.
+ N h 6 c6 chu truong cua Quoc te Cong san t a i D a i h o i V I I m ^ cdc nude
da Ian lirot thanh lap m a t tran n h a n dan chong phat x i t , chong ehien tranh,
bdo ve hok binh.
+ M & t tran n h a n dan cdc nirde ra d d i da tap hop dufoc m o t lure lifOng cdch
+ D6'i v d i Du-c, I - t a - l i - a , N h a t B d n t i m kig'm 16'i t h o d t b ^ n g h i n h thilc
l o n g t r i m d i . D6 Ik t h i e t lip cAc che do doc t ^ i p h 6 t x i t - n e n chuy§n c h i n h
l u n g b6' cong k h a i cua nhOng the lUc p h d n dpng n h a t , hieu chi§'n nha't. K h i
l u n g h i a p h d t x i t h i n h t h a n h nguy co chien t r a n h the g i d i m d i bung no.
ijau 5 : M a t tr|ln n h a n d a n P h a p d a g i a n h djt^Tc t h ^ n g l^ti nhut the nao ?
\ ddn trd Idi :
- Thing l o i eua M a t t r a n n h a n dan Phdp t r o n g nhOfng n a m 1936 - 1939 la
lif k i e n n o i bat t r o n g euoc dau t r a n h chong chii n g h i a p h a t x i t .
- T r o n g euoc t o n g t u y e n cuT t h d n g 5 - 1936, M a t t r a n N h a n dan Phap
kanh diioe t h d n g l o i , l e n n ^ m c h i n h quyen d Phdp v a thanh I d p c h i n h
|hu do Le-6ng B o - l u m duTng dau.
- Phong t r a o M a t t r ^ n N h a n dan da bdo v$ diioc nen dan chu, difa nude
idp viigt qua h i e m hoa ehu nghia phat x i t .
- D a i h o i V I I Quoc t e C o n g san (1935) d l cao viec thanh lap M a t t r a n
ifhan d:an Pnap, coi do l a k i n h n g h i e m can phS bien r o n g r a i cho cdc nifdc
ang CUQC dau t r a n h chong p h a t x i t va nguy cO chien t r a n h .
i^au 6 : N e u nhi]^ng h a u q u a ve c h i n h t r i , x a h p i c u a c u p c
h o a n g k i n h te (1929 - 1933) d o i vdri c a c nifdrc tuf b a n .
* Hudng ddn trd tad :
- T a n pha k i n h te, gay r a hau qua n g h i e m t r o n g ve c h i n h t r i xa h o i .
- Hang chue v a n cong n h a n t h a t nghiep, nong dan ma't r u p n g da't, song
t r o n g canh nghfeo doL t i i n g quSn.
- N h i e u cuoe dau t r ^ n h ciia nhutng ngudi t h a t nghiep diSn r a d k h ^ p cdc nUde.
- De doa sU t o n tai/ eua ehu nghia t u bdn.
mang dong dao l a m nhiem vu chong phdt x i t , bao ve doc lap dan toe.
Cau
CSu
c h i e n t r a n h dilr^ r a nhif the nao ?
4 : N g u y cof C U Q C m p t C U Q C c h i e n t r a n h the gidri mdi
xuat hi?n
nhuf the n a o ?
* Huang ddn trd Idi .•
- T h d n g 10 - 1929, khung hoang nS r a d M i , sau do Ian r a t o ^ n bo the gidi
t u bdn, eham diJt thdi k i on dinh va tSng triTdng eua chii nghia tuT ban. Day 1^
euoc khung hoang thiia, khung hoang t r ^ m trong nhat, keo d ^ i nhat trong
+ M a t t r f i n Nhan dan T a y Ban N h a thanh lap vao t h d n g 2 + M a t t r a n Nhan dan Phdp thanh lap 5 -
- Cuoe khflng hoang da t a n p h d kinh te, gay r a hau qud nghiem trong ve
+ H a n g ehue v a n c6ng n h a n tha't nghiep, n o n ^ / i a n jnat ruong Mt, song
trong canh hghfeo d o i , tung qufin.
+ N h i e u cuoe dau tranh eua nhuCng ngiTcfi that nghiep d i l n ra d kh^p cac niidc.
+ Be doa sir t o n t a i ciia ehu nghia tU ban.
- De g i d i quyet khung hoang :
+ D o i v d i A n h , Phap, M i : tien h a n h eai cdch kinh te - xa h o i , doi mdfi
qud trinh quan l i , to ehiJc san xuat.
132
7 : P h o n g t r a b Mfit t r ^ n N h a n d&n c h o n g p h a t x i t vk n g u y
cd
* Hudng ddn trdtdi :
- Thang 7 - 1935, Qu6c te Cpng skn ti§n h a n h D a i h p i I a n thuf V I I chi dao
cho cdc D a n g Cong san thanh lap M a t t r a n n h a n dan chong phat x i t .
- ThUc h i $ n ehu trUOng ciia Quoc te Cpng san. M a t t r a n Nhan dan chong
phat x i t duoc thanh lap d Phap, I-ta-li-a, Tiep Kh^e, H i L a p , Tay Ban N h a . .
lich suf cdc nifdc t i f h&n ehu nghia.
chinh t r i xa h 6 i .
khung
1936.
1936.
II. cAu H 6 I VA B A I T A P B O SUNG
Cau
1 : T r i n h bay nguyen n h a n va d i e diem ciia phong trao each
m a n g (1918 - 1929) it c a c ntfdrctit b a n .
* Hudng ddn trd led :
- Nguyen nhdn :
+ Do hau qud eua Chien t r a n h the gidi thuf nhat, ehau Au la ehien trUdng
chinh, toan bp gdnh ndng eua chien t r a n h dfe len vai nhuCng ngUdi lao dpng.
133
+ Do d n h h ud n g cua cdch m a n g t h d n g Mufdi Nga.
- Dac d i i m n o i bat cua phong t r ^ o :
+ M a n g t i n h quan chiing rong IcJn.
+ K h o n g dijfng l a i d yeu sdch k i n h te.
C&u
1929 - 1933 nhnf t h e n a o ?
* HiCdng ddn trd lai :
+ D6'i v d i A n h , Phdp, M i : t i e n h a n h cdi cdch k i n h te - xa h o i , d6i m d i qua
+ The hien t i n h tich circ ve chinh t r i , t h k n h lap cdc nirdrc Cong hok Xo viet.
t r i n h quan l i , to chufe sari xuat.
C a u 2 : H o a n c a n h r a dori v a q u a t r i n h hoat dpng c u a Q u o c te C p n g s a n .
* Hucng ddn trd Idi :
+ Doi v d i Ddc, I - t a - l i - a , N h a t B a n t i m k i e m l o i thoat b k n g h i n h thiJc
thS'ng t r i m d i . Do l a t h i e t lap cac che do doc t a i p h d t x i t - nen ehuy§n c h i n h
- Hodn cdnh :
+ T r o n g n h a n g n a m 1918 t h a n h lap d cdc nUdc.
4 : C a c nx^drc tuf b a n c h u n g h i a g i 4 i quyS't k h u n g h o a n g k i n h te
k h u n g bo' cong k h a i cua nhiJng the luc phan dong n h a t , hieu chi§'n nhd't.
1923, cic D^ng C6ng san Ian liTort difoc
Cau
5 : T a i s a o Q u o c te C ^ n g s a n q u y e t d i n h t h a n h l a p M S t train
pOian d a n c h o n g P h a t x i t of m 6 i ntfdtc?
+ Su p h d t t r i e n n h a n h chong cua phong t r ^ o each m a n g the g i d i .
SIJT
r a ddi ciia MSt tr$n N h a n
dSn P h a p c 6 t a c d u n g n h i f t h e n a o d e n e a c h m a n g V i ^ t N a m ?
+ Trudc t i n h d6, d5i h 6 i p h a i c6 mot to chuTc quoc te de tap hop life luong
•
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
vk chi dao phong t r a o theo m p t dudng l o i diing d^n.
- H a u qud cua cuoe k h u n g hodng k i n h te the gidi 1929 - 1933 v d sif xua't
+ Ddp l i n g y§u cau dd, t h d n g 3 nSm 1919, D a i h p i t h k n h lap Qu6c te
Cong sdn duoc t i e n h a n h t a i Mdt-xco-va.
h i f n chu n g h i a p h d t x i t de doa sU on d i n h , h6a b i n h va an n i n h n h d n loai.
- Yeu cau t h d n h lap mo t M a t t r a n N h a n dan de dodn k e t n h d n ddn ede
- Hoat ddng : •
+ Quoc te Cong s^n t o n t a i vk hoat dong tii nkm 1919 den nkm
nifdc chong ke t h u ehung Id chii nghia p h d t x i t Id edn t h i f i t .
1943.
- Sif r a dori cua M a t t r a n N h a n dan Phdp (1936) c6 tac dung t i c h ciJc den
+ Quoc tg" Cong san t i e n h a n h hky dai h o i , de r a dudng l o i cdch m a n g
phu hop v d i t i m g t h M k i phdt t r i e n cua cdch m a n g the g i d i . Tieu bieu Ik h a i
dai h o i :
cdch m a n g V i f t N a m v i : M d t t r a n c6 n h i l u c h i n h sdch t i e n bp thifc h i $ n d
ode thuoc dia, t h d t u c h i n h t r i , t i f do h o i hop...tao dieu k i e n cho lire liTcrng
* D a i h o i I a n I I (1920), t h d n g qua Lusln cUOng v l v a i t r 6 ciia D d n g
cdch m a n g d nirdc t a phuc h 6 i sau t h d i k i b i thuc dan Phap k h i i n g bo'.
Cong san, L u a n cuong ve van de dan toe vk thupc dia do L e - n i n k h d i thao.
* D a i h 6 i Ian V I I (1935), chi ro nguy ccf cua chu n g h i a p h d t x i t va keu
goi cAc dang eong san t h k n h IsLp m a t t r a n t h o n g n h a t nhkm
Bai 26
dau t r a n h chong
NtfCfC DLfC G I 0 A H A I C U Q C C H I E N T R A N H T H E GlCfl
p ha t x i t , chong chien t r a n h .
(1918
- N a m 1943, Quoc te COng san tuyen bo g i a i t d n .
C f i u 3 : N g u y e n n h a n , d i l n b i e n c u a C U Q C k h i i n g h o a n g k i n h t&'
I. C A U
1929 - 1 9 3 3 .
* Hudng
Cau
ddn trd Idi :
ddn trd lai :
- Sau ehi§'n t r a n h the g i d i t h d nha't, niTdc Ddc bai t r a n hodn todn suy sup
v l k i n h te, c h i n h t r i va quan sir. M d u t h u d n xa h o i ngay cang gay gdt d d n t d i
b i m g no cuoc cdch m a n g dan ehu tiT sdn t h d n g 11 - 1918.
- Thdng 6 - 1919, C h i n h phu Dure phai k i H6a iTde Vee-xai vdi nhOng d i l u
bien :
+ T h a n g 10 - 1929, k h u n g hodng n6 r a d M l , s a u d6 Ian r a toan bp t h e
gidi t\i bdn.
134
1 : E m c 6 n h ^ n x e t gi v e t i n h h i n h nvtdc Bvtc t r o n g n h O n g n S m
* Huang
+ Do san xuat ko at, chay dua theo l a i nhuan, h k n g hok e thijfa, i l dong.
+ N h u cau va sure mua cua n g i f d i d i n k h o n g gia t a n g tUcfng iJng.
+ Cung vifcft' qua xa cAu, sU m a t cfin b^ng ve k i n h te t r o n g n o i bp ttrng
nude va sif p h d t t r i e n k h o n g d6ng deu giQa ckc nUdcity b a n c h u nghia.
+ Day l a C U Q C k h u n g hodng thifa, k h u n g hodng t r d m t r o n g n h a t , k^o d a i
n h a t t r o n g l i c h sijf cdc nude tiT b a n c h u nghia.
HOI, B A I T A P C d BAN
1918 - 1939 ?
- Nguy in nhdn :
- Diin
-1939)
ki^n het sde ndng ne. Viec thire hign nhOttig dieu khodn cua H6a irdc Idm cho dat
nude von da k i e t que sau bdn ndm chien t r a n h t r d nen hoan toan roi loan.
- D l g i d i quyet nhufng k h o k h d n t r e n , Ddc n h a n h chong lao vdo con dudng
^phdt x i t hod bo mdy n h d nude de gdy ehi§'n t r a n h the gidi.
/
'
.
135
;au 5 : L ^ p b a n g h # t h o n g k i e n thtfc v e c a c g i a i d o a n p h a t t r i e n c^a
tifdrc D i t c givta h a i c u p c e h i e n t r a n h t h e giori (1918 - 1929).
C a u 2 : N e u n h i f n g d i e m n o i b $ t c u a t i n h h i n h ntfdc Dtfc t r o n g
nhiTng n a m 1924 - 1929.
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
- Cu6'i n a m 1923, nifdc Dure da vUort qua diTcfc thfifi k i k h i i n g h o a n g k i n h t e
Hudng
\h e h i n h t r i sau ehien t r a n h .
- Ve e h i n h t r i , ehg' do Cong h5a Vai-ma duoe cung co, quyen life eua g i d i t u
bdn doc quyen duoe t a n g eudng. C h i n h phii t u sdn t h i h a n h e h i n h sdch d a n
ap phong t r a o dau t r a n h ciia cong n h a n . Cae ddng t u s a n cong k h a i tuyen
t r u y e n tU t u d n g phuc t h u eho nUde DUc.
ddn trd Idi :
LTnh viic
HUdc Dure
Hoan toan suy sgp
kinh t§'.
Kinh t§'
1^
- Ve do'i ngoai, v i t r i quo'e te eua nUdc Dure d a n d a n duoe phue h o i v d i viec
nude n a y t h a m g i a H o i Quoe l i e n , k i ke't m 6 t so hiep Ude v d i cAc nude tU b a n
ehau A u va L i e n X6.
C a u 3 : W s a o c h u n g h i a p h a t x i t t h S n g t M ' d Dtfc ?
Chinh trj,
* Hu&ng
xa hoi
ddn trd led :
Cudi nam 1923, nu6c Dtfc da \JilQ\. qua daoc thcfi
ltranh. Chinh quy^n tu san da day lui phong tr^o
each mgng cija quan ehung, ti/ng bi/6c kh^c
phyc tinh trang h6n loan ve tai chinh, tao da
cho nen kinh te khoi phuc va phat trien.
Che dQ Cpng hoa Vai-ma duoc cijng co, quy^n
cang gay gSt din t6i li^c cua gi6i tu ban dOc quy^n duoc tSng cudng.
SI; biing n6 cupc cich Chfnh phu tu san thi hSnh chinh sach dan ap
m?ng dan chu tir shn phong trao dau tranh cua c6ng nhan. Cac dang
tu san c6ng khai tuy§n truyen tu tudng phyc thii
Mng 11-1918.
cho nufic OCfc. V§ ddi ngoai, vj trf qu6'c te cua
na6c DUc dSn d^n duoc phyc hoi v6i viec nu6c
nay tham gia HOi Quoe lien, ki k6't mSt so higp
Uflc v6i cac nu6c tu ban ehau Au va Lien x6.
IViau thuan xa hoi ngay
- Sau cu6e k h u n g h o a n g Icinh te 1929 - 1933, n e n k i n h te DUc b i k i e t que.
Mau t h u S n va CUOC dau t r a n h eua quan ehung lao dong da d S n t d i cuoc k h u n g
hoang ve c h i n h t r i . G i a i cap tU san k h o n g du sUc duy t r i che do cong hoa,
k h o n g t h e dua da't nUdc t h o d t k h o i k h i i n g hoang.
- T r o n g bo'i c a n h do D a n g Quo'e x a t a n g cUdng boat dong, m d r 6 n g d n h
hudng t r o n g quan ehung. D d n g Quoe xa da k i c h dong ehu n g h i a phue t h u , chu
n g h i a cho'ng cong va chii trUOng p h a t x i t hod bo m d y n h a nUdc.
- T r o n g k h i g i d i d a i tU b a n ngay cang u n g hp luc lUcfng p h a t x i t , D a n g
Nl/ficDtfc 1924 -1929
1918 - 1923
Cfiu 6 : H i t - l e l e n n a m q u y e n d Ddfc t r o n g b o i c a n h nhijf t h e n a o ?
Cpng s a n Dure da k e u goi quan ehung dau t r a n h d l t h a n h l a p M a t t r a n t h o n g
* Hudng
nha't cho'ng ehu n g h i a p h a t x i t . T u y n h i e n , D d n g X a h o i d d n ehu da tii cho'i
j
ddn trd Idi :
- Nude Dure b i k h i i n g hoang k i n h t e , giai ca'p tU san c d m quyen k h o n g du
hop tac v d i nhOfng ngudi cong sdn. Dieu do da tao d i l u k i e n eho cdc thg' life
m a n h d l duy t r i che dp cpng hod tU san, dUa nUde Dufc vupt qua k h u n g hoang.
p h d t x i t l e n c a m quyen d Dure.
Chu n g h i a p h d t x i t c6 co h o i h'oat dpng.
- Ngdy 30 - 1 - 1933, Tong thong Hin-den-bua chi d i n h Hit-le Idm T h u tUdng
- D a n g Quoe x a t d n g cUdng hoat dpng, m d r p n g d n h hudng t r o n g quan
vd t h d n h lap chinh phu mdi, m d r a mot t h d i k i den t o i t r o n g l i c h suf nUde Dijfe.
chiing. D d n g Quo'e x a da k i c h dpng ehii nghia phuc t h i i , ehu n g h i a cho'ng cpng
C a u 4 : C h i n h r i c h d o i n g o a i c u a H i t - l e dtfdc t h e h i ^ n nhtf t h e n a o ?
mk chu t r u o n g p h d t x i t h o d bd m d y n h d nUdc.
* Hudng
• 1 - D d n g Cpng sdn Dure da keu goi quan chiing dd'u t r a n h d l t h d n h lap M a t
ddn trd Idi :
- C h i n h q u y i n H i t - l e t d n g cUdng cdc hoat dpng c h u i n b i ehien t r a n h :
+ T h d n g 10 - 1933, nude Dure tuyen bo r u t k h o i H ^ i Quoe l i e n de duoc tU
do h d n h dpng.
+ N d m 1935, H i t - l e b a n h d n h l $ n h t o n g dpng v i e n quan d i c h , tuydn b6'
t h d n h l a p dOi quan t h u d n g true v d bdt dau t r i e n k h a i cdc hoat dpng qudn sU
d ehau A u .
a|
•'
+ D e n n d m 1938, v d i dpi quan 1,5 t r i e u ngUdi cung 30000 xe t d n g va
k h o d n g 4000 m d y bay, nUdc Diie da t r d t h d n h m o t t r a i l i n h k h o n g 16, d i i sde
t i e n h d n h cae k e hoach gay ehien t r a n h x a m lupe.
N h u vay, H i t - l e d d rdo r i e t ehuan b i t i e n t d i eupe ehien t r a n h t h e gidi.
Dure I d t h u p h a m eham ngoi eho cupe ehien t r a n h t h e g i d i dau t i e n t r o n g l i c h
siif n h d n loai.
136
P$n t h o n g nha't ehong chu nghia phat x i t n h u n g k h o n g t h d n h . Dieu do da
Ifeao dieu k i e n cho c a c t h e lUe p h d t x i t l e n cdm quyen d Dufc.
§;
- Ngdy 30 - 1 - 1933, Tong thong Hin-den-bua chi d i n h Hit-le 1dm T h u tUdng
p i t h d n h lap chinh phii mdi, md r a mot t h d i k i den tdi t r o n g l i c h suf nUde Dufc.
P f i u 7 : T r i n h b a y n h i J n g c h i n h s a c h I d n c u a Diitc t r o n g n h f i n g n a m
1 9 3 3 - 1939.
i | Hudng
ddn trd Idi :
M-Veddinoi:
M
+ Thue h i e n quan sU hod n e n k i n h t e d l ehuan b i ehien t r a n h , s U t d n g
cirdng kho'ng che todn bp n e n k i n h te ciia e h i n h quyen p h d t x i t .
+ Chuan b i co sd v a t eha't eho cupc ehien t r a n h x a m lupe sdp tdi.
137
- Ve ddi ngoai
+ T r o n g k h i g i d i dai tiT b ^ n ngay cang ting hp Iqc luong p h d t x i t , D a n g
:
T a n g C L f d n g life lirgng quan su, thifc hien c h i n h sach doi ngoai hi§u chie'ii
ciia c h i n h quyen H i t - l e do'i vdi chau A u
the gidi:
+ T h a n g 10 - 1933, niXdc DiJc tuyen bo r u t k h o i H o i Quoc l i d n de dirqc t q
do h & n h dong.
+ N a m 1935, H i t - l e ban h a n h l e n h t6ng dong v i e n quan dich, tuy§n bo
t h ^ n h l a p d6i quan thufdng true
b^t dau t r i e n k h a i cAc boat dong qufin sy
or chau Au.
+ D e n n a m 1938, \6i doi quan 1,5 t r i e u ngifcri cung 30000 xe t a n g va
k h o a n g 4000 may bay, midc Dufc da trof thanh m o t t r a i l i n h k h o n g 16, du siic
t i e n h a n h cdc k§' hoaeh gay chien t r a n h x a m laac.
- D a n g Cong san DiJc ( t h a n h lap t h a n g 12 - 1918) da
trao.
D i n h cao eua
phong
trao
trUc
tiep l a n h dao
l a cuoc n o i day cua cong n h a n vung
Ba-vi-e t h a n g 4 - 1919, ddn den sq t h a n h lap nirdc Cong hoa X6 v i e t Ba-vi-e.
- Cuoc khdi n g h i a vQ t r a n g ciia cong n h a n Ham-buoc t h a n g 10 - 1923 la
a m hifofng cuoi eimg cua can bao tap each m a n g v6 san d Diic.
C a u 2 : D a n g Q u o c x a l e n c a m q u y e n of Dtfc t r o n g h o a n c a n h n a o ?
T i n h h i n h nvldc Dulc t r o n g t h d i k i D a n g Q u o c x a c a m q u y e n .
* Huang
- Hodn
+ Ngay 30 - 1 - 1933, Tdng t h d n g Hin-den-bua chi d i n h H i t - l e lam T h u
fdng va thanh lap c h i n h phu m d i , m d r a mot t h d i k i den t d i t r o n g l i c h suf
lifdc Ddc.
I^ftu
COng san Dufc. T h a n g 2 - 1933, c h i n h quyen p h a t x i t vu cao nhOng ngudi
c$ng san ddt chdy nha Qudc h o i , dat Dang Cong san r a ngoai phap luat va
b^t giam 10 v a n dang v i e n cong san. N a m 1934, Hin-den-bua qua ddi, H i t - l e
tuy§n b d huy bo H i e n phap Vai-ma, t q xutog la Qudc t r q d n g sudt ddi. N e n
c§ng hoa V a i - m a hoan t o a n sup do.
k i n h te, c h i n h quyen phat x i t t i e n hanh to chufc n I n k i n h te theo
\
g tap t r u n g , m e n h l e n h , phuc vu l A u cau quan sq. Thang 7 - 1933, H i t if^ t h a n h lap T d n g H o i dong k i n h te de dieu hanh hoat ddng ciia cac n g a n h
te. c a c n g a n h cong ngiep d^n dan duqc phuc hoi va boat dong het sufc
^ h
t n r o n g , dac b i e t l a cong nghiep quan sq. Cac n g a n h giao t h o n g v a n t a i ,
dqng dirdng sa difoc tang cifdng de giai quyet n a n thfi't nghiep va phuc vu
cdnh
M cAu quan sq. N e n k i n h te Dufc da t h o a t k h o i k h i i n g hoang. N a m 1938,
+ Cuoc k h u n g hodng k i n h te the gidi eudi n a m 1929 da giang dbn nang
trudc k h u n g hoang. Hang ngan nha may, x i nghiep p h a i ddng cufa. So
ngUdi
that nghiep l e n t d i h o n 5 t r i e u ngirdi. MSu t h u a n xa hpi va cupc dau t r a n h
cua quan chiing lao dong da dan t d i cuoc k h u n g hoang c h i n h t r i t r a m t r o n g .
+ G i a i cap tq san cam quyen k h o n g du
sufc
m a n h de duy t r i che do cong
hoa t i f san, dua da't nxidc vufqt qua cuoc k h u n g hoang do. T r o n g bdi canh do.
D a n g Qu5c xa l e n cam quyen d Dufc.
hinh
3 : N e u nhx&ig net cof b a n ve midc Dutc t r o n g thofi k i p h a t x i t Hit-le
|p!33-1939).
ddn trd Idi :
ne vao n i n k i n h te DiJc. Nam 1932, san xuat cong nghiep g i a m 4 7 % so vdi
• Tinh
lat x i t l e n cam quyen d DuTc.
tki, cong k h a i k h i i n g b d cac dang p h a i dan chu t i e n bo, trufdc het la D a n g
'
- Sau chien t r a n h , phong trao cdch m a n g tiep tuc dSng cao t r o n g nhftng
n a m 1919 - 1923.
phong
fp tac v d i nhufng ngifcfi cong san. Dieu do da tao dieu k i e n eho cac the luc
k. - Ttf n a m 1933, C h i n h phii H i t - l e rao r i e t t h i e t lap n e n chuyen c h i n h doc
C a u 1 : K h a i q u a t v e c a o t r a o e a c h m a n g 1918 - 1923 d Drfc.
ddn trd Idi :
ba't chdng chu n g h i a p h a t x i t . Tuy n h i e n . D a n g Xa h o i dan chu da tir chdi
Blading ddn trd Idi :
I I . C A u H O I vA B A I T A P B O S U N G
* Huang
§ng san DiJc da keu goi quan chung dau t r a n h de t h a n h lap M a t t r a n t h o n g
g san luang cong nghiep t a n g 28% so v d i trifdc k h i i n g k h o a n g va virqt qua
it sd niidc tu b a n chau A u .
*
ddi ngoai, c h i n h quyen H i t - l e t a n g cifdng cAc hoat dong chuan b i
'n t r a n h . T h a n g 10 - 1933, niidc Dufc tuygn b d r i i t k h o i H o i Qudc l i e n de
t U do h a n h dong. Nam 1935, H i t - l e ban h a n h l e n h t d n g dpng v i e n quan
, tuyen b d t h a n h lap doi quan thifdng trqc va hAt ddu t r i l n k h a i cac hoat
g quan sq d chau Au. Deri nam 1938, v d i doi quan 1,5 t r i e u ngirdi cung
|000 xe t a n g v a k h o a n g 4000 may bay, niTdc Dufc da t r d t h a n h m o t t r a i l i n h
nuac BUc :
Idng 16, d i i siic t i e n hanh cac k d hoach gay chien t r a n h x a m luqc.
+ D a n g Quoc xa ngay ckng m d rong anh hudng t r o n g q u i n chiing. Cac thu
l i n h ciia dang nay, dilng dau la Hit-le, r a
sufc
tuyen truyen k i c h dong chu nghia
phuc t h i i , chu nghia chdng c6ng va phan biet chiing toe. Chiing chu truong phat
x i t hoa bO mdy nha niidc, thig't lap che dp do dpc tai k h u n g bd cong k h a i .
138
139
Bai27
Nl/(3C M i GIGA
HAI C U O C C H I E N T R A N H
(1918
I. C A U H6I, B A I T A P
cd
QSiU 4 : V i s a o k i n h te MT b u n g p h a t t r o n g t h ^ p n i e n 20 c u a t h e k i X X ?
THfi' G l d l
* ffUorrig ddn trd Idi :
-1939)
. Nifdc M l CO dieu k i e n t y nhiSn t h u a n I g i , giau t a i nguyen.
- M l k h o n g b i a n h hifdng ciia Chien t r a n h t h e g i d i Ifin thdr nha't ma ngiroc
BAN
C a u 1 : H a y n e u n h | i n x e t v e n e n k i n h te M i t r o n g n h i y n g n a m 20 c i i ^
the k i X I X .
lai g i a n h dugc dtfoc n h i e u nguon l o i t r o n g Chien t r a n h t h e g i d i thuf n h a t do
bkn h a n g hoa, vu k h i .
- Sau C h i e n t r a n h t h e g i d i t h d n h a t M i c6 c6 UU t h e l a nudc t h ^ n g t r a n ,
* Hucing ddn trd lai :
t h a n h chu nor cua chau A u .
- Sau C h i e n t r a n h t h e gidi t h i l n h a t , M i t r d t h ^ n h n\idc t\S b a n gikn manh
n h a t . Cung v d i I g i t h e do, viec cai t i e n k i t h u a t , thuc h i ^ n phitcfng phdp san
xuat day chuyen v a m d r 6 n g quy mo san xuat da dita n e n k i n h t e M i bifdc vao
t h d i k i p h o n v i n h t r o n g t h a p n i e n 20 cua t h e k i X X .
. M l sdm ap dung t h a n h tiTu khoa hoc - k i t h u a t vao t r o n g san xua't.
- M i b i e t sijf dung phifomg phap quan l i san xuat t i e n t i e n , m d r p n g quy mo
chuyen m o n hod t r o n g san xua't.
Cfiu 5 : N h f i n g d i e m cot b a n t r o n g c h i n h s a c h t h o a t k h o i k h u n g
- Mac du dat mure tSng tru&ng cao nhiftig sir phat t r i e n k i n h te chay theo lai
nhuan, theo cong nghiep \,\S do t h a i qua da diTa den siT phat t r i ^ n khong dong bo
giOfa cac nganh cong nghiep, giOfa cong nghi$p v d i nong nghiep, v ^ n o i chung,
hoang k i n h te (1929 - 1933) c u a M i l a gi ?
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
- De dijfa nifdc M i thoat r a k h o i cuoc k h u n g hoang, Tdng t h o n g P h . Ru-do-
khong CO ke hoach d k i h a n cho sir can doi giufa san xuat vk tieu dung.
v^n da thufc h i e n c h i n h sach mdi. C h i n h sach m d i da giai quyet du'cfc m o t sd
C a u 2: V i s a o p h o n g t r a o c o n g n h a n v S n d i l n r a n g a y t r o n g thcfi k i
vifti de cot b a n cua nifdc M i t r o n g con k h i i n g hoang nguy k i c h . N h a mfdc t\X san
p h o n v i n h c u a k i n h te M i ?
da tang ciidng v a i t r o cua m i n h t r o n g viec cilu t r d ngifcfi t h a t nghiep, tao t h e m
* Hudng ddn trd Idi:
nhieu viec l a m m d i , k h o i phuc san xuat, xoa diu mau t h u d n g i a i cap va gop
- T r o n g thdi k i phon v i n h cua k i n h te M i , cong n h a n v i n p h a i doi m a t vdi
RU-dcf-ven l a Tdng t h o n g duy n h a t t r o n g l i c h sic nifdc M i sudt bdn n h i e m k i .
n a n t h a t nghiep, b a t cong t r o n g x a h o i .
- D d i song cua ngiTori lao dong n 6 i chung v ^ cong n h a n n 6 i r i e n g ng^y c^ng
- Phong t r ^ o dau t r a n h ciia cong n h a n d i l n r a soi n o i t r o n g c a c nganh
Dang
C6ng sAn M i difcrc t h ^ n h l $ p t r e n ca sd hop n h a t D a n g Cong san c6ng nhan
Ml
D a n g Cong sAn M i r a dW triTdc d6 (1919), d d n h dau budc pMt
- Ve doi ngoai, C h i n h p h u Ru-do-ven de r a Chinh sach Idng gieng
trien
cua phong t r ^ o cong n h a n M i .
C a u 3 : NOi d u n g c h u y e u c u a " C h i n h s a c h l a n g g i e n g t h a n t h i f n " c u a Mi
* Hufiig ddn trd lai :
- " C h i n h sdch M n g gieng t h a n t h i $ n " cua Tdng t h o n g M i Ru-dcr-ven n h ^ m
"sfin sau" ciia m i n h , v a t h i e t lap ngoai giao v d i L i e n x6.
- D o i v d i cac va'n de qudc t e , trifdc nguy co ciia chu n g h i a p h a t x i t va chien
f
ah bao t r i i m t o a n t h e g i d i , Qudc h o i M i da t h o n g qua h a n g loat dao luat
giOf v a i t r o t r u n g lap t r o n g cAc cuoc xung dot quan sir ben ngoai nifdc M i .
Chinh sach do da gop p h a n khuyen k h i c h chu n g h i a p h a t x i t t i f do h a n h
^ng, gay r a cuoc chien t r a n h t h e gidi thu" h a i .
C A U H O I vA B A I T A P B O S U N G
i u 1 : H a y n § u t o m t a t t i n h h i n h k i n h te v a c h i n h t r i , x a h p i c u a M i
cai t h i e n quan he v d i c a c nifdc M i L a - t i n h , v o n dxiac M i coi l a "san sau" ciia
fong
m i n h v a t h i e t l a p quan he ngoai giao v d i L i e n X6.
tifong thoTi k i n a y .
- Doi v d i c a c niTdc M i L a - t i n h : Tir n a m 1934, Ch|nh ghu Ru-do-ven c h f o i d u t
cuoc can t h i ^ p vu t r a n g , t i e n h k n h thiTcfng liicmg, htm h e n trao t r a doc lap, nhkiu
xoa diu cuoc dau t r a n h chong M i va cung co v i t r i cua M i d k h u viTc nay.
- D o i v d i L i e n X 6 : TCr n a m 1933 C h i n h p h u Ru-dcf-ven da c h i n h thiJc cor
n h a n v a thig't l $ p quan h? ngoai giao v d i L i e n X6. Viec l a m nay xua't phat t •
nhumg Icfi i c h cua M i . T r e n thifc t e , c h i n h quyen Ru-da-ven vSn k h o n g tii ho
l^p t r i r d n g chong cong san.
thdn
thien n h a m cai t h i e n quan he v d i cac nifdc M i L a - t i n h , v o n diTpc M i coi l a
g i a m Slit.
c6ng nghi(?p t h a n , l u y § n thep, v a n t a i dufdng sAt... T h a n g 5 - 1921,
p h ^ l a m cho nifdc M i duy t r i difoc che dp dan chu t u san. C h i n h v i the', P h .
n h t f n g n S m 1918 - 1923. R u t r a n h ^ n x e t c h u n g v e ntfdfc M i
ludng ddn trd Idi ;
I- Kinh
•
ti:
+ Chien t r a n h t h e g i d i t h d nha't da d e m l a i "nhCfng co h o i vang" cho
'iUfdc M i . V d i n i n k i n h te dat miic t a n g t r i f d n g cao t r o n g sudt nhCfng nftm
|n.g va sau chidn t r a n h . M i t r d t h a n h nifdc t i f b a n giau m a n h n h a t .
+ Cung v d i l o i t h e do, viec cai t i e n k i t h u a t , thifc h i e n phifOng phap san
fe day c h u y i n v a m d r o n g quy mo san xua't da difa n e n k i n h te M i biidc vao
| i k i phon v i n h t r o n g t h a p n i e n 20 cua t h e k i X X .
140
141
+ Su phdt t r i f o kinh t§' chay theo Igi nhuan, theo cong nghiSp tif do th;i
qua da dua den sU phat trien khong dong bp giffa cdc nganh cong nghieji
giOa cong nghiep v<5i n6ng nghif p, va noi chung, khong c6 ke hoach dai han
cho sU can do'i giijfa san xuat
tieu dung.
- Chinh tri, xa hoi :
+ Thcfi k i tang trUorng cao cua kinh te M i trong thap nien 20 gdn lien vdi
suf cam quyen cua cac tong thong thuoc Dang Cong hoa. Chinh phu cua Dang
Cong hoa mot mat de cao sir phon vinh cua nen kinh te, mat khac t h i hand
chinh sach ngan chan cong nhan dau tranh, dan dp nhufng tu tutorng tien bo
trong phong tr^o cong nhan.
+ Phong trao dau tranh cua cong nhan d i i n ra soi noi trong cac nganh
cong nghiep than, luyen thep, van t ^ i dudng sdt... Thang 5 - 1921, Dang
Cong san M i dirge thanh lap tren ca s6 hdp nha't Dang Cong san cong nhan
M l va Dang Cong san
ra ddi truTdc d6 (1919), danh dau budc phat trieu
cua phong trao cong nhan M i .
- Nhdn xct chung : Day la thdi k i "hoang k i m " cua nirdc M i , song trong
16ng no da chiJa dimg nhCttig mam mong cua sir khung hoang. Mac diu kinh
te phat trien nhung dori song ciia cong nhan va nhan dan lao dong vSn kh6
sd, nhieu cuoc dau tranh cua cong nhan bung no.
C a u 2 : V i sao cupc khiing hoang k i n h te no r a dau tien d Mi ? CUQC
khiing hoang k i n h te (1929 - 1933) d Mi didn r a nhif the nao ?
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- Vi sao :
Ngay trong thcfi k i phon thinh, nen kinh te cua M i da hoc lo nhOfng han
ch§': nhieu nganh cong nghiep chi suf dung 60% den 80% cong sua't, nan that
nghiep thirdng xuyen xay ra, san xuat 6 at, chay theo Icfi nhuan, phat tri§n
khong dong bo giOfa cac nganh, ma't can do'i giOa cung va cau. Do chinh la
nguyen nhan din tdi cupc khiing hoang kinh te (1929 - 1933).
- Khiing hoang diin ra :
+ Cuoi thang 10 - 1929, nirdc M i lam vao cuoc khung hoang kinh tg' chiTa
timg thay : Hang nghin ngan hang, cong t i cong nghiep va thufcfng mai bi pha san.
+ Den cuoi mua h ^ nSm 1932, san xuat cong nghiep M i giam 2 l i n so vdi
nam 1929, 75% dan trai bi pha san, hang tri$u ngirdi tha't nghiep.
C a u 3 : B i ^ n phap khSc phuc cua Tong thon^'lvii Ru-dd-ven.
* Huang ddn trd lai :
- Cuoi thang 10 - 1929, nirdc M l lam vao cuoc khung hoang kinh te chiia
titog thay : Hang nghin ngan hang, cong ty cong nghiep va thircfng mai bj
pha sdn. Dg'n cu6i mua h.h nSm 1932, san xuat cong nghiep M i giam 2 Ian so
vdi nam 1929, 75% dan trai bi pha san, hang trieu ngiTofi that nghiep.
142
- De diTa nUdrc M l thoat khoi khung hoang nSm 1932,
Ru-da-ven ddc cur
T6ng thong, da thUc hien Chinh sdch mdi.
+ Chinh sach mdi cua Ru-do-ven bao gom cac bien phap nhkm giai quye't
' n a n tha't nghiep, nong nghiep va ngan hang vdi nhOfng qui dinh chat che, dat
dirdi sir kiem soat ciia Nha nUdc. Nha niTdc tang circfng vai tro trong viec cai
td he thong ngan hang, to chufc lai san xua't, cuTU trcf ngircfi tha't nghiep, tao
th^m nhieu viec lam mdi va on dinh tinh hinh xa hoi.
+ Chinh sach mdi da ciJU nguy cho chii nghia tu ban M l , giai quye't phan
,0 kh6 khan cho ngir&i lao dpng, gop p h i n lam cho nUdc M i duy t r i che do
chii t u sdn.
ISu 4 : Neu nhttng diem cof ban trong chinh sach doi ngoai cua Tong
thong Mi Ph. Ru-dcf-ven vdfi cac midc Mi Latinh, vdi L i e n X6 va quoc te.
* Huang ddn trd Idi :
;# - Ve doi ngoai, Chinh phu Ru-da-ven de ra Chinh sdch Idng giing than
thien nhkm cai thien quan he vdi cac nUdc M i La-tinh, von dUdc M i coi la
"san sau" cua minh, va thie't lap ngoai giao vdi Lien X6.
/ - Doi vdi cdc va'n de quoc te, trudc nguy co cua chii nghia phdt xit va chien
^ r a n h bao triim toan the gidi, Quoc hoi M i da thong qua hang loat dao luat
Mi gin vai tr6 trung lap trong cdc cuoc xung dot quan sU ben ngoai nUdc M i .
Ihinh sach do da gop phan khuyen khich cbu nghia phat x i t tU do hanh
)ng, gay ra cuoc chien tranh the gidi thiir hai.
Bai28
NHAT BAN GI0A HAI CUOC C H I E N TRANH T H E G i d l
(1918
cAu
H6I, B A I T A P
cd
-1939)
BAN
fiu 1 : T i n h h i n h nufdtc Nhgt trong nhiJng nam dau sau C h i e n tranh
6' gidfi thiir nhat nhif the nao ?
Huang ddn trd Idi :
- Nude Nhat la nUdc thuf hai sau M i thu dugc nhieu Igi trong Chien tranh
le gidi t h d nhat. Lgi dung su suy giam kha nSng kinh te cua cdc nUdc tU
dn chau Au trong chien tranh. Nhat Ban da tang cUdng san xua't hang hoa
k xua't khau. Nhcf nhCfng don dat hang quan sU, san xua't cong nghiep ciia
hat tang trudng ra't nhanh. Trong k h i do nong nghiep bi k i m ham bdi tan
phong kien. D6i song cua ngUdi lao dong khong dUcfc cai thien.
- Phong trao da'u tranh cua c6ng nhan va nong dan bung len manh me
ijfng nam sau chien tranh.
143
+ M u a t h u 1 9 1 8 , quan chung n h a n dan n6'i day d d n h p h a qAc k h o th6c,
m d dau cuoc "Bao dong liia gao".
+ NhOfng cuoc b a i cong ciia cong n h a n cung Ian rSng d c&c t r u n g tAm
- TCr n a m 1929, n h i f n g cuoc bai cong cua cong n h a n d a bung n d d nhuTng
k h u cong nghiep l
cong nghiep I d n n h u K6-be, Na-goi-a, 6-xa-ka ... C h i r i e n g nftm 1919 da c6
2388 cuoc b a i cong cua cong n h a n .
- Vao giOa nhOtog n a m 30, phong trao thanh lap Mat t r a n Nhan d a n phat
I ' t r i ^ n r o n g k h d p . Phong t r a o da l o i cuon dong dao cac t a n g Idp n h a n dan
+ T r e n co sd sir p h a t t r i e n cua phong trao cong n h a n , t h a n g 7 - 1922
t h a m gia, c6 ca b i n h l i n h v a s i quan N h a t . N a m 1939, d a d i l n r a t r e n 40
D a n g Cong sAn N h a t B a n dupc t h a n h lap.
cuoc da'u t r a n h cho'ng chien t r a n h cua b i n h s i t r o n g quan doi N h a t .
C a u 2 : T i n h h i n h N h ^ t B a n t r o n g n h f l n g n a m 1918 - 1929 c 6 d i e m g i
C S u 5 : L $ p bang thong ke ve cac giai doan phat trien c h i n h ciia
k h a c n h a u s o vdri t i n h h i n h nifdfc M i c u n g t h d i g i a n n a y ?
N h a t B a n gii^a h a i c u g c c h i e n t r a n h t h e gidri.
* Hudng
/
ddn trd Idi :
- K i n h te N h a t B a n p h a t t r i e n bap benh, k h o n g o n d i n h , c h i p h a t t r i e n
t r o n g t h 6 i g i a n n g a n r o i l a i l a m vko k h i i n g hoang.
* Hudng
ddn trd lai :
Cac giai dogn
1918 - 1929
- Sure canh t r a n h cua N h a t yeu hcfn so v d i M i .
Sir l(if n chinh
- 1918 - 1923 : Khac v6i MT, Nhat bi/6c vao thcJi ki on dinh tarn th6i
va phat trien bS'p benh. Nhieu phong trao dS'u tranh cija cong nh§n
- N h a t p h a i n h a p k h a i i nguyen l i e u tii niXdc ngoai n e n k h 6 n g chu dong
va n5ng dan bung no.
t r o n g san xua't.
- 1924 - 1929 : Kinh t§', chinh tri 6n djnh, song da bdt diu n^y
- Cong nghiep cua N h a t t r o n g t h 6 i gian nay k h o n g difoc cai t h i e n , nong
nghiep t r i t r e , k i t h u a t lac hau, t r o n g k h i do, k i n h te M i p h a t t r i e n h e t stJc
sinh mim mong cija l
-
Cuoc l
n h a n h chong do c a i t i e n k i t h u a t , doi m d i quan l i san xua't, sufc canh t r a n h
don nang ne vao l
cao, nguon nguyen lieu d6i dao, ngifdn von Idn.
- NhSt thi/c hien qua trinh quan phi§t hoa bo may nhS nude, thi/c
C a u 3 : N e u t a c dqng
hi?n chinh sach doi noi phan dpng va doi ngoai hieu chig'n.
c u a c u p c k h u n g h o a n g k i n h te t h e gidri (1929 -
1930 d o i v d i nifdfc N h $ t .
- Phong trao dau tranh chu nghTa quSn phi^t 6 NhSt di§n ra s6i n6i,
* Hudng
rong l(hdp.
ddn trd lai :
- Cuoc k h u n g hoang k i n h te the gidi (1929 - 1933) da giang m o t d6n nkng
3fiu 6 : V i s a o s\i o n d i n h c u a N h a t B a n n h i J u g n a m 1924 - 1929 c h i l a
jim t h d i v a b a p b e n h ?
ne vao k i n h t e N h a t .
Hudng
+ San xua't cong nghiep g i a m siit.
+ K h u n g hoang xay r a n g h i e m t r o n g nha't l a t r o n g nong nghiep.
ddn trd lai :
- N e n cong nghiep chu yeu dua vao xuat k h a u ciia N h a t ngay cang gap kho
lan t r o n g viec canh t r a n h vdi M i va cac nudc Tay A u .
+ T h i trUorng t r o n g v a ngoai nifdc h i t h u hep.
- K h u n g hoang k i n h t e day m a n h qud t r i n h t a p t r u n g san xua't, tang
- N h a t l a i thie'u nguyen lieu va t h i triTdng.
cirofng quyen lu'c ciia cac t a p doan t i f ban Idn.
- Cong nghiep cua N h a t khong difOc cai thien, nong nghiep c5n t r i tre, lac hau.
C a u 4 : N h a n dan Nhgt B a n dau tranh chong c h u nghia quan phi?t
- N h a t chifa ap dung thanh tifti khoa hoc t i e n t i e n vao t r o n g san xua't.
^au 7 : N e u nhufng ddc d i e m c u a q u a t r i n h q u a n p h i $ t h o a d N h ^ t B a n .
nhxi t h e n a o ?
* Hudng
ddn trd lai :
- T r o n g nhumg n a m 1929 - 1939,
*
CUQC
da'u t r a ^ h chong chu n g h i a quan
Hudng
ddn trd lai :
- N h ^ m kh^c phuc nhuCng hau qua cua cuoc k h u n g hoang va g i a i quyet kho
p h i e t cua n h a n d a n N h a t B a n m a h a t n h a n l a n h dao l a D a n g Cong san d i l n
lan do thie'u nguon nguyen lieu v a t h i trifdng t i e u t h u hang hoa, gidi cam
ra soi noi dudi n h i e u h i n h thiic. Tii nhOmg cuoc bieu t i n h p h a n doi c h i n h sach
|uyen Nhat chu trufofng quan p h i e t hda bo may nha nude, gay chien t r a n h
x a m lircfc ciia gidi cam quyen da dan d e n phong t r a o t h a n h l a p M a t t r a n
N h a n dan, t a p hop dong dao cac t a n g Idp xa h o i . Cuoc da'u t r a n h cua nhan
i m luac, banh triTdng r a ben ngoai.
- d N h a t do da c6 s&n che do chuyen ehe T h i e n hoang nen qua t r i n h quan
d a n N h a t B a n d a gdp p h a n l a m cham l a i qua t r i n h quan p h i e t hda bp may
fhi^t
n h a nUdc d nuTdc nay.
kdnh chien
144
hoa d i l n r a t h o n g qua viec qudn phiet
tranh
xdm luge thugc
hod b6 mdy nha nUdc vd tien
dia. Qua t r i n h nay keo dai t r o n g nhOfng
145
C a u 3 : D e t h o a t k h o i C U Q C k h u n g h o a n g k i n h te 1929 - 1933 M i v a
N h a t B a n g i a i q u y e t k h a c n h a u nhv( the n a o ?
nam 30 cua the k i XX do c6 nhutng mau thuan giOfa phai "sT quan tre" vdi
phai "si quan gia". Cupc dau tranh d i l n ra quyet kiSt, cuo'i cung phai "si quan
tre" tha't bai.
; * Hudng ddn trd led :
- TCr nam 1937, gidi cam quyen Nhat da cham duTt cuoc da'u tranh noi bo,
- Mi giai quye't khiing hoang bang cai each kinh te, xa hoi, thiTc hien
Chinh sdch mdi cua Ru-dcf-ven : bao gom cac bien phap nhkm giai quyet nan
tap trung vao qua t r i n h quan phiet hoa bo may nha nxidc.
- Cung vdri viec quan phiet h6a bp may nhk nifdc, tang cu£fng chpy dua vu trang,
that nghiep, nong nghiep va ngfin hang vdi nhOfng qui dinh chat che, dat
gidi cam quyen Nhat Ban day manh cuoc chi§n tranh xam. lucre Trung Quoc.
dudi sir kiem soat cua Nha nUdc. Nha nude tang cifdng vai tro trong vi§c cai
I I . C A U H O I VA B A I T A P BO SUNG
them nhieu vi§c lam mdi va on dinh tinh hinh xa hpi.
C a u 1 : Nhffng bieu h i ^ n ve stf on dinh tam thdi ciia Nhgt B a n trong
nhijtng nSm 1924 - 1929.
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- Ve kinh ti :
+ Nam 1926, san lufcfng cong nghiep mdi phuc h6i t r d lai va vucrt miJc
trirdc chien tranh. NhiAig chiTa day mot nam sau, mua xuan 1927, cupc khung
hoang tai chinh lai bung no d thii do T6-ki-6 lam 30 ngan hang pha sdn.
+ Nen cong nghiSp chu yeu difa v^o xuat khau cua Nhat ngay cang gap
khd khan trong viec canh tranh vdi M l va cac niTdc Tay Au.
- Ve chinh tri :
i6 he thong ngan hang, to chdc lai san xuSt, ciJu trcf ngudi tha't nghiep, tao
- Nhat gidi quyet khung hoang b&ng each tang cudng chinh sdch qudn sU
I Ada ddt nude, phat xit hoa bd may thong tri, gay chien tranh, banh trirdng ra
i'b§n ngoai.
C a u 4 : V i sao gidi cam quyen Nhsit B a n chon T r u n g Qu6c \k diem
den dau tien trong chinh sach xam Itfofc cua minh vao th^p nien 20
cua the k i X X ?
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
«,
- Nham thirc h i ^ n tham vong md ra pham v i anh hudng cua d§' quoc Nhat
P viing Dong B^c A, mot vCmg c6 y nghla chig'n luac.
- Dap iJng yeu cau cua Nhat v^ viec thieu nguyen lieu va thi trUdng tieu
thu hang hda - thi trUdng Trung Quoc rpng Idn lu6n lu6n la doi tUcfng ma
+ NhQng nam dau thap nien 20 cua the k i XX, Chinh phu Nhat da t h i
at mud'n chiem giff tii iSu, dat biet la vung D6ng B^c.
hknh mpt so cai each chinh t r i (nhu ban hanh luat bau cijf pho thong cho nam
gidi, cAt giam ngan sach quoc phbng...) va giam bdt cang thang trong quan he
vdi cac cUdng quoc ben ngoai.
+ Trong nhutog nam cuoi th^p nien 20, Chinh phu cua Tudng Ta-na-ca da
thifc hien chinh sach ddi noi va doi ngoai hig'u chien.
C a u 2 : Trong thaip nien 20 cua thS' k i XX, k i n h te MI va Nh^t B a n c6
diem gi gidng nhau va khac nhau ?
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
- Gid'ng nhau : Cung la nUdc th^ng trSn, thu difdc n h i l u lofi, khong bi mS't
mat gi nhieu trong chiSn tranh.
- Khdc nhau :
*
^
+ Kinh td' M i phat t r i l n ciTc ky nhanh chong do cai tien k i thuat, thuc
hien phuong phap san xuat day chuyen, tang cudng toe dp boc Ipt cong nhan.
+ d Nhat phat t r i l n khong deu, mS't can doi (trong v6ng mfiy nSm dAu)
roi lai lam vao khung hodng, cong nghiep khong c6 svt cai thi$n, n6ng nghiep
t r i tr$ lac hau, kinh te phat trien chsim chap, bap bSnh.
146
147
Chutfng IX
C A C N l / d C C H A U A G I O A H A I C U Q C C H I E N T R A N H T H E GICJI
(1918-1939)
Bai29
PHONG TRAO CACH MANG 6 TRUNG QUOC VA AN
(1918
I. C A U H6I, B A I T A P
cd
DO
-1939
BAN
C a u 1 : Txi cac k h a u h i ^ u dS'u tranh neu trong bai, em thay phong
trao Ngu tvL c6 diem gi mdi so vdi cac phong trao dau tranh niita sau
the' k i X I X d T r u n g Quoc ?
* Hiidng d&n trd Icfi :
- Cac khau hieu dau tranh trong phong trao Ngu tur : "Trung Quoc cua
ngir&i Trung Qu6c", "Xod bo 21 dieu" (1^ hiep u6c cAc nUdc de quoc dua ra,
nhkm xau xe Trung Quoc), "Giet het bon ban nudc"...
- Cac khau hieu dau tranh do the hien phong tr^o mang tinh dan t6c vk dka
chu rat cao, tiirc la phong trao chong de quoc va phong kien ducfc the hien ro net.
- Cdc phong trao dau tranh nijfa sau the k i XIX d Trung Quoc chi de ra
muc tieu da'u tranh chong phong kien ma khong dung cham gi den de quoc.
C a u 2 : Dang Cpng san T r u n g Quoc difoTc thanh l$p nhtf the nao ? Y
nghia cua svi k i ^ n nay.
* Hudng d&n trd lai :
• Dang Cong sdn Trung Quoc th^nh lap :
+ Trong nhOng nftm 1926 - 1927, DAng Cong ska. hcJp t i c vdi Qu6c dfin
dang da ti§n hanh cuoc chien tranh cdch mang nhkm danh do cdc tap doan
qu^n phiet B^c Duong, dang chia nhau thd'ng t r i cdc viing khdc nhau d mien
B^c Trung Quoc (trong lich sijf thudng gpi la Chien tranh Bic phat).
+ Quan cdch mang, da giai ph6ng vung dat rong Idn, chiem cAc thanh
pho Nam K i n h , ThUOng Hai. Sau d6, TUotng Gidi Thach tien hanh cuoc chinh
bien 6 Thuong Hai, roi thanh lap chinh phu tai Nam Kinh. D§n t h ^ g 7 - 1927,
chinh quyen rOi vko tay TiTcfng Giofi Thach. Cuoc chien tranh B^c phat that bai.
- Cuoc Ngi chien Qudc - Cong :
+ Sau Chien tranh B^c phat, quin chiing each mang dudi sir lanh dao
cua Dang Cong san Trung Quoc da tien h^nh cuoc chien dau chong Chinh
phu Qudc dan dang, diTOc goi la Noi chien Qudc - COng, d i i n ra trong nhufng
nam 1927 - 1937.
+ Quan dpi Tirdng Gidi Thach da t6 chiJc bdn Ian vSy qu6t Idn nh^m tieu
diet can cu" dia each mang ciia Dang Cong san, nhiTng deu bi that bai.
+ De bao to^n life lirong, thdng 10 -1934 Hong quan eong ndng phai
tidn hanh cuoe pha vfiy, rut khoi can eii dia edeh mang, tidn len phia b^c,
trong lich suf goi la cuoc Van li trUdng chinh. Tren dirdng trirdng chinh, tai
Hoi nghi Tuan Nghia (thdng 1 - 1935), Mao Trach Dong t r d thanh ngufW
lanh dao Dang Cong skn Trung Qudc.
+ Thang 7 - 1937, Nhat xam liTOc Trung Qudc, Dang Cong s&a. de nghi
Qudc dan dang dinh chi noi chien de chdng Nhat.
C a u 4 : Neu nhihig d i l n bien chinh cua phong trao each mang d An
Dp sau C h i e n t r a n h the gidi thiif nhat.
+ TCf sau phong tr^o Ngu tuf, viec truyen bd chu nghia Mac - Le-nin vko
Trung Quoc phdt trien nhanh ch6ng, siu rong.
* Hiidng d&n trd Idi :
+ Tang l(Sp t r i thuTc tien bo, tieu bieu la L i Dai Chau da tich cue tuygn
truyen, pho bien chu nghia Mac - Le-nin vao Trung Quoc, tao dieu kien cho
sir thanh lap Dang Cong san.
lot thuoe dia, ban hanh nhiJng dao luat phan dong nh^ra ciing cd bo may
+ Nam 1920, mot so nhom cgng san da ra dcfi vdi sir giiip dd cua Quoc te
Cpng san.
trong nhufng nam 1918 - 1922.
+ Thdng 7 - 1921, Ddng Cong san Trung Quoc dirac thanh lap.
- Y nghia :
.
'
+ BAnh dau biTdc ngoSt quan trong cua each m a n ! Trung Quoc.
+ Tijf day, giai cap v6 san Trung Quoc da c6 chinh dang cua minh de tiTng
birdc ndm ngon c& lanh dao cdch mang.
C a u 3 : Neu d i l n bien chinh cua each mang T r u n g Qudc nhiMg nSm
1926-1937.
* Hudng d&n trd Idi :
- Chien tranh Bdc phat :
148
- Sau Chien tranh the gidi thuf nhat, ehinh quyen thirc dan tang cUdng b6c
thdng t r i ciia minh, da lam cho nhutng mau thuSn xa hpi ngay cang eang
th^ng. Mpt lan s6ng dau tranh chdng thire dan Anh dang cao kh^p A n Do
- Phong trao da'u tranh d i l n ra diTdi n h i l u hinh thufc phong phii, loi eudn
ddng dao ckc tang Idp ndng dan, eong nhan va t h i dan tham gia. Giuf vai trb
lanh dao phong trao la Dang Qudc dai, dufng dau la M . Gan-di. Ong keu goi
dau tranh chdng chu nghia thuc dan bkng cac bien phap h6a binh. Phong
trao ba't bao dong, bat hap tkc do M. Gan-di va Dang Qudc dai lanh dao, diTOc
ckc tang Idp nhan dan An Do hirdng ling.'
- Thang 12 - 1925, Dang Cong san An DO dirae thanh lap, g6p phdn thuc
day phong trao dfiu tranh chdng thUc dan Anh d i i n ra manh me.
149
C S u 5 : N p i d u n g c h u y&'u c u a p h o n g t r a o g i a i p h 6 n g d a n t Q C d A n
D p v a o n h u ^ g n a m 30 c u a the k i X I X .
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- NhOng hau qua n a n g ne cua cu6c k h i i n g hoang k i n h te the gidi (1929
- 1933) da l a m b u n g l e n I a n s<3ng dau t r a n h m d i cua n h a n dan A n Do. Phong
trao keo d a i t r o n g suot nhOtog n a m 30 t h o n g qua cdc chien dich bat hop tac
v(Ji thifc d a n A n h , do M . Gan-di va D a n g Quoc dai k h 6 i xudng.
- T h a n g 9 - 1939, C h i e n t r a n h the gidi thiJ h a i b u n g no. C h i n h q u y i n A n h
I I . cAu
H6I V A BAI T A P B O SUNG
C a u 1 : D i i n b i e n v a y n g h i a c u a p h o n g t r a o N g u tuf of T r u n g Q u o c .
* Hudng
- Diin
ddn trd Idi :
bien :
+ Ngky 4 - 5 - 1919, hcfn 3000 s i n h viSn yeu nifdc d Bdc K i n h da diJng
Ign dau t r a n h p h a n doi quyet d i n h bai cong cua cAc nUdc de quoc ve viec
chuy§'n giao nhiJng dac q u y i n cua Ddc d t i n h Scm Dong cho N h a t Ban.
+ Phong t r a o I a n r o n g k h d p 22 t i n h va 150 t h a n h pho t r o n g ca nifdc, l o i
tuyen chien d chau A u va t u y e n b6' A n Dp l a m o t bgn t h a m chig'n. Phong t r a o
cuon dong dao cac t a n g Idp n h a n dan t h a m gia, dac biet la giai cap cong
each m a n g d A n Do c h u y i n sang m o t thori k i m d i .
n h a n . P h o n g t r a o gitrong cao cac k h a u hieu da'u t r a n h : " T r u n g Quoc ciia
C a u 6 : V i sao noi phong trao Ngu ti? (4 - 5 - 1919) md d^u
mang chong de quoc v a chong phong kie'n of T r u n g Quoc ?
* Hudng
CUQC
each
ddn trd lai :
- Phong t r a o N g u tiJ n h ^ m p h a n doi a m mult xau xe T r u n g Quoc cua cac
nude de quoc.
- Phong t r ^ o N g u tur thifc h i # n cdc k h a u hieu dau t r a n h : " T r u n g Quoc cua
ngircfi- T r u n g Quoc", "Xod bo 21 dieu" (la higp u-dc cae nifde de qu6c difa ra,
n h ^ m xau xe T r u n g Qu6c), "Gig't het bpn ban nude"...
- Qua p h o n g t r a o N g u tiJ, I a n dau t i e n giai cap cong n h a n f r u n g Quoc xuat
h i $ n t r e n vQ d ^ i c h i n h t r i nhtr m ^ t life lirong each m a n g doc lap. Phong t r ^ o
Ngu tuf d a n h dau bude chuyen cua cdch m a n g T r u n g Quoc t i f each m a n g dan
chu cu sang cdch m a n g d a n chii m d i .
- Tilf sau p h o n g t r a o N g u tur, viec t r u y e n ba chu n g h i a M d e - L e - n i n vao
T r u n g Quoc p h d t t r i e n n h a n h chong, sSu rong. T h d n g 7 - 1921 D a n g Cong
san T r u n g Quoc dufcfc t h a n h lap, d a n h dau hxidc ngoat quan t r o n g cua each
m a n g T r u n g Quoc. Tir day, giai cap v6 san T r u n g Quoc da c6 c h i n h dang ciia
m i n h de tufng budc n ^ m ngon ed l a n h dao each m a n g .
C a u 7 : Neu nhtfng diem khac nhau ve giai cap lanh dao, con difdng
va phiftfng phdp dau tranh cua phong trao giai phong dan tpc d A n
Dp so v
* Hudng
ddn trd Idi :
Tigu chi so sanh
Cach m^ng An D6
Cach mang Trung Qu6'c
Giai ca'p lanh dgo
Giai cafp ti/ sdn ma dgi dien la a|iai ba'p v6 sin ma dai
DSng Quoc dai.
dign la Dang Cong san.
Con difcJng
C&ch mang dSn chu tif san
Cach mgng dan chu tu skn
kieu m6i.
Phaong phap
Ba't bao dgng, bS't hop tac
Bao dong kg't hop vfii si/
n6'i dciy cua quSn chung.
150
ngifdi T r u n g Quoc", "Xoa bo 21 dieu", "Giet h e t bon giac b d n nifdc". Nhufng
cuoc bai cong c h i n h t r i to I d n cua cong n h a n T h u g n g H a i , N a m K i n h , T h i e n
Tan... da dUa p h o n g t r a o n h a n h chdng g i a n h dtforc t h ^ n g lai.
- Y nghia
:
+ Phong t r a o N g u tuT da m d dau cao trao c^ch m a n g chdng de quoc va
chdng p h o n g k i e n d T r u n g Quoc.
+ L a n dau t i g n giai ca'p cong n h a n T r u n g Quoc xua't h i e n t r e n vu dai
c h i n h t r i n h u m o t liic luong c^ch m a n g doc lap. Phong t r a o N g u tuf d a n h dau
birdc chuyen cua cdch m a n g T r u n g Qud'c t i ^ each m a n g dan chu cu sang cdeh
m a n g dan ehu m d i .
c a u 2 : H a y d i i n si^ k i ^ n cho phu h^p vdri cac moc thofi gian trong
bang sau ve lich s\i T r u n g Qu6c nhffng nam 1919 - 1939.
Str ki§n
Thofi gian
l\lgav 4 - 5 - 1919
Thang 7 - 1 9 2 1
T L n 9 2 6 den 1927
Tif 1927 den 1937
Thang 1 0 - 1 9 3 4
Thang 1 - 1 9 3 5
Thang 7 - 1937
* Hudng
ddn trd Idi :
Trung Quoc nhdng n&m 1919 - 1939.
S\S mn
1W\n
Ng^y4-5-1919
Phong ti<^o Ngu tif nhSm phSn d6'i am mifu xflu
Trung Qu5'c
ciia cac nude d§' quoc.
Thang 7 - 1921
Dang C5ng sSn Trung Quo'c da(3c thanh lap, danh dau btf6c
ngoat quan trpng cua lich sif Trung Qu5'c.
T i n 926 dg'n 1927
Ddng Cfing san hop tac v6i Qu6'c dan ddng tig'n hanh cuOc
chig'n tranh each mgng nhim danh dd cac tap doan quan phi§t
eac Difong, gpi la Chi§'n tranh Bdc phgt.
151
Tif 1927 dg'n
1937
Thang 10-1934
JhAng 1 - 1 9 3 5
Thang 7 - 1 9 3 7
D5ng COng san Trung QuS'c lanh dao nhSn dSn tien hanh cuoc
chien dau chong Chinh phu Qudc dSn dang, goi la Npi chien
Quoc - Cong.
N a m A t r o n g nhffng th^tp n i e n d a u the k i X X .
N6i dung sU ki^n
H6I, B A I T A P c d B A N
C a u 1 : H a y n e u nhuTng c h u y e n b i e n c h i i y e u c i i a c a c nxidc
Dong
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- Sau C h i e n t r a n h the gidi thiJ n h a t , c h i n h sdch k h a i thac va hoc lot thupc
dia cua thiTc dan phLforng Tay da tdc dong m a n h me den t i n h h i n h cac nude
D6ng N a m A. NhOmg chuyen bien quan t r o n g ve k i n h te, c h i n h t r i , xa hoi da
d i i n r a d hau kh^p cac nifdc t r o n g k h u vifc.
+ V I k i n h t e : T r d t h a n h thi trucfng t i e u t h u h a n g hoa, cung cap nguyen
1929 - 1939
li$u oho cdc nUdc c h i n h quoc.
+ Ve c h i n h t r i : B i c h i n h quyen thUc dan k h o n g che. Cac quyen h a n h
* Huang d&n trd lai:
n ^ m t r o n g tay c h i n h quyen thUc dan.
Ndi dung si/ kifn
+ Ve x a h o i : P h a n hoa giai cap ngay cang sau s^c. G i a i cap t i f san dan
tOc Idn m a n h , g i a i cap n o n g dSn chiem da sS", gia cap c6ng n h a n dan dan
- Phong trao dau tranh dien ra di/fii nhieu hinh thCfc phong phu,
trifdng t h ^ n h .
loi cu6'n dong dao cac ting I6p nong dan, c6ng nhSn va thj d§n
- Cung v d i nhiJng c h u y i n bien t r o n g niTdc, th^ng Icfi cua Cach m a n g t h d n g
tham gia. Gidf vai tro lanh dao phong trao la Dang Quoc dai,
Mucfi Nga vk cao t r k o cdch mang the gidi da tac dpng m a n h m e den phong
dilng dau la M. Gan-di. La lanh tg c6 uy tin !6n, M. Gan-di c6
0 doc lap d a n toe d D o n g N a m A.
M\g sSu rong doi v6i nhan dan An DO. Ong keu ggi dau
S u 2 : P h o n g t r a o d a n tpc or D o n g N a m A gifia h a i c u p c c h i e n t r a n h
tranh chfi'ng chu nghTa thgc dan b^ng cac bi?n phap hoa blnh,
the bgidfi
khong sif dyng bao Igc (nhu bieu tlnh hoa binh, bai cSng
cac (1919 - 1939) c 6 nhtfug d i e m gi mdti ?
Huang
ddn trd lai :
nha may, c6ng s6, bai khoa 6 cac tri/cJng hpc, tSy chay h^ng
• Hodn cdnh lich siJC mdi :
hoa Anh, khQng nop thue...).
- Phong tr^o ba't b^o dong, ba't hpp tac do M. Gan-di va Dang
Qu6c d^i lanh dgo, dagc c^c tang I6p nhan d§n An Dp hi/6ng ifng.
1929 - 1939
G I 0 A H A I C U O C C H I E N T R A N H T H E G I O H (1918 - 1 9 3 9 )
Quan phi^t Nhat phat dong cuoc chien tranh xam lucJc Trung
Quoc. Trung Quoc bi/6c vao thcJi kl chonq Nhat.
1918-1929
1918 - 1929
DONG NAM A
i. cAu
1918 - 1929 v a 1929 - 1939 theo b a n g t h o n g k e diidi d a y :
Thdii gian
C A C NlS6c
Hong quan cong nong tien hanh cuoc Vgn If trucJng chinh.
Mao Trgch Dong tr6 thanh ngudi lanh dao cua Dang Gong san
Trung Quoc.
C a u 3 : N e u torn t a t p h o n g t r a o d a n tpc of A n D p q u a h a i t h d i k i
Thofj gian
Bai 30
- NhBng hSu qu^ nSng ng cua cuoc khung hodng kinh t§' the gifli
(1929 - 1933) da lam bung len Ian song dau trang m6i cua
nhan dSn An DO. Phong trao keo dai trong suot nhSng nam 30
thong qua cac chien djch bat hop tac v6i thgc dan Anh, do M.
Gan-di va Dang Qu6'c dai kh6i xadng.
.
- Thang 9 -1939, Chien tranh thg,|icii M hai bung no. Chinh
quy^n Anh tuyen chien 6 chau Au v^ tuyen b5' An Do la mot ben
tham chi§'n. Phong trao c^ch mgng 6 An DO chuyen sang mOt
thcJi ki mOi.
+ Sau Chien t r a n h the gidi thuf n h a t , c h i n h sach k h a i thdc
boc \qt
uoc dia cua thifc dan phiTcfng Tay da tdc dong m a n h m e den t i n h h i n h cac
urdc Dong N a m A . NhOfng chuyen bien quan t r o n g ve k i n h te, c h i n h t r i , xa
Qi da d i i n r a 6 h a n k h a p cac niidc t r o n g k h u vifc.
+ Cung v d i nhOfng chuyen bien t r o n g nifdc, t h i n g lori cua Cach mang
^kng M u d i N g a v ^ cao t r a o cdch mang the gidi da tac dong m a n h me den
hong t r a o doc lap dan toe d Dong N a m A .
- Phong
trao dau tranh mdi :
+ Sau Chien t r a n h the gidi thiif n h a t , phong trao doc Ikp dan toe phat
t r i e n d hau kh^p cac nude Dong N a m A . So v d i nhOng n a m dau the k i XX,
phong t r ^ o d a n toe t u san c6 nhOfng bude t i e n r o r e t cung v d i sif Idn m a n h
cua g i a i cap t u skn dan toe.
+ Muc tieu dau t r a n h dan toe duofe de xuat ro rang : dbi quyen tU chu vfe
chinh t r i , quyen tU do trong k i n h doanh, quyen dung tieng me de trong giao due...
152
153
+ M o t so c h i n h d^ng tir san dtfcrc t h & n h lap va c6 ^ n h hirdng xa h o i rong
16n nhtf D a n g D a n toe In-do-ne-xi-a, to chiJc phong trao T h a - k i n d M i e n
D i e n , D a i h o i toan M a Lai...
- Cu5'i thap ni§n 30, truTdfc nguy cor cua chii nghia phat x i t , nhOng ngudi
cOng san da k e t hop v d i D a n g In-do-ne-xi-a, t h a n h lap M a t trkn t h o n g n h a t
chd'ng p h a t x i t v d i t e n goi L i e n m i n h c h i n h t r i In-do-ne-xi-a.
+ Tii t h a p n i e n 20, giai cap v6 san t r e tudi or D o n g N a m A h&t dau
C a u 5 : N e u nhiXng d i d n b i e n c h i n h c i i a p h o n g t r a o e a c h m a n g of L a o
trifcrng t h a n h . H a n g loat cac Dang Cong san difcfe t h a n h lap, m d dau l a Dang
va
Cong san In-do-ne-xi-a
* Hudng
( t h ^ n g 5 - 1920). Tiep theo, t r o n g nftm 1930,
cae
C a m - p u - c h i a t r o n g t h d i g i a n giula h a i c u p c c h i e n t r a n h t h e g i d i .
ddn trd Idi :
- Sau Chien t r a n h thg' g i d i t h d n h a t , thirc dan Phap t a n g cifdng c h i n h sdeh
dang cong sdn M n luTcft r a d&i cf V i § t n a m , M a L a i , X i e m va P h i - l i p - p i n .
C a u 3 : B i ^ n p h a p d a u t r a n h c u a D a n g D a n t p c c 6 d i e m gi k h a c so
I d i a i thac thuoc dia d Lao va Cam-pu-ehia,
vdfi D a n g C p n g s a n I n - d o - n e - x i - a .
dumg l e n dau t r a n h cho'ng Phap.
* Huang
nen n h a n Lao va Cam-pu-chia
+ O Lao, cuoc k h d i n g h i a ciia Ong Keo va Com-rna-dam d i l n r a t r o n g
ddn trd Idi :
- D a n g Cong san cf In-do-ne-xi-a su dung bien phap dau t r a n h cho'ng chii
n g h i a de quoc hhng k h d i nghia vu t r a n g .
- D a n g D a n toe dau t r a n h cho'ng chii n g h i a de quoc b^ng cdeh doan k e t
cac luc ItfOng dan toe, t i e n h a n h dau t r a n h g i ^ n h doc lap b k n g bien ph4p hoa
b i n h va bang p h o n g t r a o b a t hop tac v d i c h i n h quj'en thifc dan. B i e n phap
dfi'u t r a n h ciia D a n g D a n toe d In-do-ne-xi-a phii hop v d i hoan eanh l i c h suf va
hon 30 n a m dau thg' k i XX. Cuoc k h d i nghia ciia ngudi Meo do Chau Pa-ehay
l a n h dao keo dai t r o n g nhiJng n a m 1918 - 1922 d Bae Lao va Tay Biie V i e t
Nam.
-I- 0 Cam-pu-chia, t i e u b i l u la cuoc da'u t r a n h ciia n o n g dan thuoc huyen
R6-l§-phan d Cong-pong Cho-nSng.
|,
- Ttr n a m
1930,
sir r a ddi eua D a n g
Cong skn
Viet N a m
(tiT thang
dieu k i e n cu t h e ciia I n - d o - n e - x i - a n e n d a n h a n h ehong g i a n h difoc uy t i n
10 - 1930 l a D a n g Cong san Ddng Difcfng) da m d r a t h d i k i m d i ciia phong
c h i n h t r i v ^ t r d t h a n h lUc lucfng d i n d^t phong t r a o g i a i p h o n g d a n toe d
trao each m a n g d Lao va Cam-pu-chia.
- T r o n g n h i i n g n a m 1936
In-do-ne-xi-a.
- 1939, phong t r a o M a t t r a n D a n chii Dong
C a u 4 : N e u nhuing d i e n b i e n c h i n h c u a p h o n g t r a o dpc l $ p d a n tpc d
Duong da t a p hcfp dong dao cac t d n g Idp n h a n dan vao cupc dau t r a n h cho'ng
I n - d o - n e - x i - a giiJa h a i c u p c c h i e n t r a n h t h e gidfi.
Ibpn p h a n dong thuoc dia, chd'ng p h a t x i t va chdng chien t r a n h . T r o n g dieu
* Huang
kif n do, m o t so' ccr sd each m a n g ciia D d n g da dqpe xay dung va ciing co d cac
ddn trd lai :
- Sau Chien t r a n h t h e gidi thiJ nhl't, s u phat t r i e n eua phong trao cong
n h ^ n va viee t r u y e n bd chii nghia Nf^c-Le n i n vao I n - d o - n ^ - x i - a d a d d n tdi
viec t h a n h l a p D a n g Cong s a n In-do-n^-xi-a vao t h d n g 5 - 1920.
- D a n g Cong san d a l a n h dao cuSc k h d i nghia v u t r a n g d G i a - v a va X u - m a t o - r a t r o n g nhiJng n a m 1926 - 1927. Cuoc k h d i n g h i a thd't b a i nhuCng da l a m
r u n g ehuyen n e n t h o n g t r i ciia thiTC d a n
Lan 6 In-do-ne-xi-a.
- Tir n a m 1927, sau tha't bai ciia D a n g Cong san, quy^n l a n h dao phong
trao each m a n g chuyen vao tay D a n g D a n toe ciia g i a i cap tir san, dufng dau
l a Ac-m6t-xu-cae-n6. V d i chu trUotng doan k e t cAc luc lugng dan toe, ehong de
qud'c, da'u t r a n h b l i n g con difdng h6a b i n h , b ^ n g phong t r a o bat hop tac v d i
c h i n h quyen thiTc dan. D a n g D a n . t o e da n h a n h ehong t r d t h a n h lufc lufong
dan d a t p h o n g t r a o g i a i phong dan toe d I n - d o - n e - x i - a .
- Dau t h $ p n i e n 30, phong t r a o da'u t r a n h chon^Hhuc dan H a L a n t i e p tuc
biing no l a n r o n g k h d p cac dao I n - d o - n e - x i - a , tieu bieu l a eupe k h d i nghia cua
cac t h u y b i n h d eang Su-ra-bay-a vao n a m 1933.
thanh pho' I d n n h u V i e n g Chan, P h n o m Penh. Cuoc v a n dong dan chu D o n g
DiTcrng da k i e h thich sir phat t r i e n eua phong t r a o da'u t r a n h d a n chii d Lao
Cam-pu-ehia cho den k h i Chien t r a n h t h e gidi thu" h a i bung n6.
cau 6 : P h o n g t r a o g i a i p h o n g d a n tpc d M a L a i v a M i e n D i ^ n d i d n
ra nhtf t h e n a o ?
* Hudng
ddn trd Idi :
- d Md
'
Lai:
+ Tir dau t h e k i X X phong t r a o da'u t r a n h ehong thiTc dan A n h da l a n
rOng t r e n k h ^ p ban dao M a L a i . A c h dp buTc bdc l o t n a n g ne cua chii n g h i a
;hire dan, ganh n a n g no n a n ehong cha't da lam biing no nhuCng cuoc da'u
•ranh eua n o n g dan ngufdi M a L a i ban dia va ngirdi M a L a i goe Hoa, goc An.
Jiai ca'p tir san dan toe t h o n g qua to chute D a i hoi toan Ma L a i da l e n ti§'ng
la'u t r a n h doi dung t i e n g M a L a i t r o n g nha t r u d n g , ddi thiTc h i $ n tir do dan
thii t r o n g k i n h doanh. N h i e u cuoc bai cong I d n cua cong n h a n bung nd' doi
6 n g lirong, cai t h i e n dieu k i e n lam viec.
+ T h a n g 4 - 1930, D a n g Cong san Ma L a i dirpe thanh lap. Sir k i g n nay
- Sau k h i k h i i n g bo t a n kho'c nhufng ngifdi k h d i nghia, c h i n h quyen thiTc
la tac dong den sir phat t r i e n eua phong trao cong n h a n . T r o n g nhiJng n a m
dan t a n g cufdng dan a p , b^t gii? cac l a n h tu D a n g D a n toe va dat D a n g r a
.934 - 1936, cae cuoc t6ng bai cong eua cong n h a n l i e n tiep dSn r a , c h i n h
ngoai vong phap luat.
luyen thire dan buoe p h a i d i dg'n thda t h u a n t a n g luong cho c6ng n h a n .
154
155
- d Mii'n Di&n :
+ Vao dau the' k i XX, cac nha sir t r e dijfng dau l a Ot-ta-ma da k h d i xUdng
phong trho b a t hop tAc, k h o n g d6ng thue
t a y chay h^ng h6a A n h . Phong
trao l o i cuon dong dao cac t a n g 16p n h a n dan t h a m gia.
+ T r o n g thap n i e n 30, hoc s i n h , s i n h vien M i e n dien da phat dong
Phong trao T h a - k i n (phong trao cua nhijfng ngudi l a m chu dat nirdc) d b i cai
each quy che d a i hoc, t h ^ n h l a p trUdng hoc r i e n g cho M i e n D i e n , d b i tdeh
Mi§'n D i e n r a k h o i A n D6
dUdc quyen i\i t r i . TrUdc dp luc dSu t r a n h m a n h
me cua quan chiing, n a m 1937 M i e n Dien difoc tach r a k h o i A n Do, cham diJt
hon nOfa the k i \h mot t i n h ciia An Dp thupc A n h .
C a u 7 : Sijf l i e n m i n h c h i e n d a u c h o n g P h a p c i i a n h a n d a n b a nifdtc
D o n g Dulofng dvLdc the h i $ n q u a nhCfng srf k i ^ n t i e u b i e u n a o ?
III. C A U H O I v A
B A I T A P B O
S U N G
C S u 1 : P h o n g t r a o d p c l a p d a n tpc t r o n g t h $ p n i e n 30 c i i a the k i X X
if D o n g N a m A d i i n r a n h i i the n a o ?
„ * Huang ddn trd lai :
- Dau thap n i e n 30, phong trao da'u t r a n h chong thirc d a n H a L a n tiep tyc
j t m g no l a n r p n g k h ^ p cdc dao In-do-ne-xi-a, tieu bieu l a cupc k h d i nghia eiia
|cac t h u y b i n h d cang Su-ra-bay-a vao n a m 1933.
m. - Sau k h i k h u n g bo' t a n kho'e nhiJng ngiTcfi k h d i nghia, c h i n h quyen thirc
f'kfin t a n g cirbrng d a n ap, b ^ t giOr cac l a n h t u D a n g D a n tpc v a d a t Dang r a
ngoai v6ng phdp luat.
Ip
- Cuo'i t h a p n i e n 30, trirdc nguy co cua chii nghia p h a t x i t , nhOfng ngu^i
c6ng san da k§'t hop vdi Dang In-do-ne-xi-a, t h a n h l a p M a t t r a n tho'ng nhftt
* Huang ddn trd lai :
cho'ng phat x i t v d i t e n gpi L i e n m i n h c h i n h t r i In-do-ne-xi-a.
- Sau Chien t r a n h the gi'cSi thuf n h a t , thifc dan Phap t a n g cudng c h i n h sdch
C a u 2 : N h $ n x e t v e p h o n g t r a o d a u t r a n h g i a n h d p c lalp d D o n g N a m
k h a i thdc thupc dia, n h a t l a d cac nUdc Dong Difong, c h i n h sach k h a i thdc
A s a u C h i e n t r a n h the g i d i thvt n h a t ?
t a n bao va che dp thue' khoa, lao dich n a n g n ^ da l a m bung nS phong trao
* Huang ddn trd Idi :
dau t r a n h cho'ng Phdp d cdc nufdfc Dong DifOng.
- Tir n a m 1930, sir r a d d i cua Dang Cong san V i e t N a m (tiT thang
10 - 1930 l a D a n g Cong san Dong DiTdng) da m d r a thcti k i m d i cua phong
»
- Phong trao diSn r a s6i n o i v d i nhChig h i n h thdc phong phu phong trao
1 l§n cao, Ian r p n g k h d p ede quo'e gia. Giai cap v6 san trirdng t h a n h va t h a m
i gia l a n h dao phong trao.
- Dae biet d Dong Dirong, Dang Cong san Dong Duong da l a n h dao n h a n
dSn ba nude ( V i f t N a m , Lao, Cam-pu-chia) dS'u t r a n h cho'ng Phdp tao bude
ngoat cho phong trao.
trao each m a n g d Dong Dirong. NhCfng co sd b i m a t dau t i e n cua Dang da
diroc t h a n h l a p d Lao va Cam-pu-chia. Sau t h a t b a i cua phong trao X6 viet
Nghg T i n h d Vi§t N a m , thiTc d a n Phap t a p t r u n g life lifong, d a n dp da mar.
- Phong trao dan chu tU san ti6'p tuc phdt t r i e n , chua co phong trao nao th^ng
nhiJng ngiTdi cpng s i n , pha v9 cac co sd cdch mang d h a i niTdc nay.
loi, nhung da co vu manh me t i n h t h a n yeu nUdc cua cac tang Idp nhan dan
- T r o n g nhCng n a m 1936 - 1939, M a t t r a n d a n chu Dong Duong diroc
chong ke t h i i chung, tir 1940 t r d d i lan luot chong chii nghia phat x i t .
t h a n h lap, t a p hop cac t a n g Idp n h a n d a n da'u t r a n h chong bpn phan dong
C a u 3 : N e u d S c d i e m c u a p h o n g t r a o d a n tpc d D o n g N a m A s a u
thupc dia, chcjig p h a t x i t , chong chien t r a n h .
C h i e n t r a n h the g i d i thdf n h a t .
C a u 8 : H a y n h $ n x e t v e C U Q C e a c h m a n g n a m 1932 d X i e m .
* Huang ddn trd lai :
* Hudiig ddn trd lai :
- Phat t r i e n d hau khdp eac nUde Dong N a m A .
- Mac du 1^ nude day nMt d Dong N a m A k h o n g b i rcfi vko t i n h trang
thupc dia, nhitog t r e n thifc te niTdc X i e m cung k h o n g giff ducfc t r p n v e n nei"
- Co nhOtig bude t i e n ro ret cung vdi sU Idn manh ciia giai cap tU san dSn toe.
dpc l a p cua m i n h v a p h a i phu thu6c ve nhieu m a t vao A n h vh Phap. Sir bai
- Muc tieu gianh dpc lap dugc de xua't ro rang.
m a n ciia cac t ^ n g Idp t r o n g xa h o i doi vdi, che dp quan; chu Ra-ma V I I ngay
- M o t so chinh dang tU san dugc t h a n h lap va c6 anh hudrig xa hpi sau rpng.
C a u 4 : T o m t a t p h o n g t r a o g i a i p h o n g d a n tpc of I n - d o - n e - x i - a t r o n g
mot tang.
thaip n i e n 20 c u a t h e k i X X v a t h $ p n i e n 30 c i i a t h e k i X X theo b a n g
- M u a he n a m 1932, m o t cupc each mang da no r a d Bang Coc diTdi su
k e dxidi d a y :
l a n h dao cua giai cap tir san, duTng dau l a P h i - d i Pha-n6-mi-6ng.
- Cach m a n g n a m 1932 da thay the che dp quan chu chuyen eh§' b^ng ch<
Thdi gian
dp quan ehii lap h i e n , tao dieu k i e n ti§'n h a n h cac cai cdch theo hiTdng tiT san
NOi dung
kiSn
md r a mot t h d i k i phat t r i e n m d i cua X i e m .
156
1
157
* Huang
* Hudng
ddn trd lai
ddn trd Wi :
Thcri gian
Sir kif n
Thdi gian
N6i dung sir ki@n
Thap nien 20 cua
the kl XX
- Phong trao c6ng nhan va vi^c truyln ba chu nghTa Mac-Le nin
vao In-d6-n§-xi-a da din Mi vigc thanh ISp Dang Cong s^n
In-do-ne-xi-a vao thang 5 - 1920.
Thang 5-1920
Dang Cong san In-do-ne-xi-a thanh ISp.
Nam 1926 - 1927
Dang Cong sdn In-do-ne-xi-a phat dpng khfii nghTa 5 Gla-va
va Xu-ma-to-ra.
- Ddng Cong san da lanh dao cupc kh5i nghTa vu trang 6 Gia-va va
Xu-ma-to-ra trong nhOng nSm 1926 - 1927. Cuoc kh6i nghTa that
bai nhung da lam rung chuy§'n nen thong tri cua thi^c dan Ha Lan d
In-d6-ne-xi-a.
Nam 1927
Dang Dan tpc dirng d^u la Ac-met Xu-cae-no ndm quyen lanh
dao phong trao dau tranh 6 In-do-ne-xi-a.
Thang 12 - 1939
Lien minh chinh tri In-do-ne-xi-a tri?u tap Dai hpi dgi bieu
nhSn dan.
Nam 1933
Cupc kh6i nghTa cua thuy binh 5 cang Su-ra-bay-a 6 In-d6-n§-xi-a.
Trong 30 nam dau the
klXX
Khcii nghTa cua Ong KQO va Gom-ma-dom 6 Lao.
Thang 9-1940
Phat xit Nhat nhay vao Dong Duong, phong trao each mang 6
Lao va Cam-pu-ehia chuyen sang thcJi ki da'u tranh chong phat
xit Nhat.
Thang 4 - 1 9 4 0
Dang Cong san Ma Lai dupe thanh lap.
Nam 1937
Mien Dien dupe tach ra khoi An Op.
- Tif nam 1927, lanh dgo phong trao each mang chuyen vao tay
0§ng Dan toe cua giai cap tu s§n, diJng dau la Ac-met-xu-cac-n6.
Ddng Dan toe da nhanh chong tr6 thanh Itrc luong dan dat phong
trao giai phting dan toe 6 In-d6-n§-xi-a.
Thap nien 30 cua
- Dau thap nien 30, phong trao d§'u tranh chong thi^c dSn Ha Lan
th§' kl XX
tiep tgc bijng no lan rpng khdp cac dao In-do-ng-xi-a, tieu bieu la
cupc kh6i nghTa cija edc thuy binh b cang Su-ra-bay-a vao nam
1933.
- CuQ'i thap nign 30, triidc nguy co ciJa chu nghTa phat xit, nhOng
ngudi cpng san da ket hpp v6i Dang In-do-ne-xi-a, thanh lap Mat
tran thong nhat chong phat xit vdi ten gpi Lien minh chinh tri
In-d6-n§-xi-a.
C a u 5 : H a y d i e n sxi k i ^ n l i c h sxi v a o c a c m o c t h d i g i a n d b a n g k e
difdri d a y :
Thofi gian
Si( kifn
Thang 5 - 1 9 2 0
Nam 1926 - 1927
Nam 1927
Thang 12-1939
Nam 1933
Trong 30 nam dSu thS'
klXX
Thang 9 -1940
Thang 4 - 1 9 4 0
Nam 1937
158
Mien Dign dupe tach ra khoi An Dp.
Chucfng
X
C H I E N TRANH T H E GICll THUf HAI (1939 - 1945)
Bai 31
cAu
C H I E N TRANH THE GICH THl? HAI (1939
1945)
vCra gay chig'n t r a n h chia l a i the gidi. Sif h i n h t h a n h phe True p h ^ t x i t vao
n a m 1937 c h i l a sir l i e n m i n h v i muc dich chung.
- T h a n g 9 - 1940, nhkm cung c6' k h o i l i e n m i n h phat x i t , H i e p
d f t o g Dure - I - t a - l i - a - N h $ t Ban dugc k i kg't t a i B6c-lin, p h a n chia
t h 6 h g t r i ciia DiJc, I-ta-Ii-a d chau A i i , cau N h a B a n d V i e n Dong.
T a m cirdng n a m 1940 da phan chia cu t h I p h a m v i t h o n g t r i cua
vach ro nghIa v u trtf giup lAn nhau giOfa ba nude phat x i t .
lidc Tarn
pham v i
H i e p udc
ba nirdc,
I.
HOI, B A I T A P ca B A N
Cau 1 : Qua cac sxi ki$n didn ra trong qua trinh dan den chien tranh,
hay phan tich nguyen nhan bung no cua Chien tranh the giofi thijf hai.
Cau 4 : Chien luf^c "Chien tranh ch
Lien X6 ?
* Hudng
* Hudng
ddn trd Icfi :
- Do mau thuSn ve quyen Icri giCa cdc niTcJc de quoc sau Chi§n t r a n h the
gidi thuf n h a t l a i tiep tuc nay sinh.
- Do cuoc k h u n g hoang k i n h te 1929 - 1933 da dSn den sif ra dcfi va l e n
cam quyen cua chu nghia pAdt x i t d Dufc, I-ta-li-a va N h a t Ban n h k m gay
chien t r a n h d l chia l a i th§' gidi.
- Do c h i n h sdch thoa hiep, "dung duTSng" cua cac nifdc phifomg Tay da tao
dieu k i e n cho bon p h d t x i t p h d t dong chien t r a n h .
ddn trd Idi :
- Ngay 2 2 - 6 - 1941, phat x i t Dufc ta'n c6ng L i e n X6 ba't chap H i $ p d i n h
X6 - DiJc. Dufc suf d u n g chien t h u a t "Chien t r a n h chdp nhoang" d a n h vao L i e n
X6 theo ba hudng :
+ Dao quan p l i i a B^c d a n h vao Le-nin-grat.
+ Dao quan t r u n g tam t i e n vao ngoai v i T h u d6 Mat-xcd-va.
+ Dao quan p h i a n a m chiem Ki-6p va p h d n Idn U-crai-na.
- Quan d p i va n h a n dan L i e n X6 k i e n quyet chien dau bdo vg T 6 quoc.
- Cdc midc de quoc h i n h th^nh h a i k h o i doi lap nhau :
+ A n h , Phdp, M l t h i h ^ n h c h i n h sdch thoa hiep nhucfng bo n h ^ m d^y
k h 6 i p h a t x i t t a n cong L i e n x6, d i n h cao ciia c h i n h sach n ^ y la H i e p U(Jc
ang 12 - 1941, H 6 n g quan L i e n X6 do Tirdng Giu-cop chi huy da p h d n c6ng
[uyet l i e t , day l u i quan Dufc ra k h 6 i cufa ngo T h u do. C h i e n t r a n h Mat-xcd-va
M u y - n i c h , " b d n diJng" Tiep Kh^c cho Dure. Tuy vay, t h a y chifa du silc t a n cong
lam pha san chien ludc "Chien t r a n h chdp n h o d n g " ciia H i t - l e .
L i e n x6, H i t - l e t a n cong cdc nifdc chau A u trirtSc.
- Sau tha't b a i d Mat-xcd-va, quan Du"c c h u y e n i m u i n h o n ta'n c6ng xuong
+ N g ^ y 1 - 9 - 1939, phat x i t Dufc t a n cong Ba L a n , C h i e n t r a n h the gidfi
|thang n h u n g quan Dufc k h o n g thI chig'm dUdc thanh p h d nay.
thiJ h a i b i i n g no.
cau 2 : Vi sao Dufc c6 the xam chiem Ba Lan mpt each nhanh chong ?
* Hudng
- BiSc
ddn trd Idi :
CO lAi the tuygt doi ve siifc m a n h quan sU, quan Dufc ap dung chien
lufdc " C h i e n t r a n h chdp nhodng", sijf dung yeu to bat ngcJ de t a n cong Ba L a n .
- C h i n h p h i j Ba L a n b i bat ngc( trifdc cuoc chien t r a n h x a m liTOc chdfp
- CAc nirdtc A n h , Phap theo du6i c h i n h s^ch thoA hiep nen da An b i n h bS't
dong, bo mac cho Dufc t h o n t i n h Ba L a n v d i h i vpng DiJc se quay m u i n h o n
;
Cau 3 : Hay t r i n h bay qua t r i n h hinh thanh Vjf cung co lien minh
phat xit. Ba nufdrc DuTc, I-ta-li-a va Nh^t Ban da' phan chia pham v i
thong t r i tren the gidti nhvC the nao ?
* HiXang ddn trd Idi :
- TLT cuoc k h i i n g hoang k i n h te (1929 - 1933), cAc nMdc phAt x i t Dufc, I-tali-a va N h a t B a n da l i e n k§'t v d i nhau t h ^ n h L i e n m i n h phat x i t , con dugc goi
la true Bec-lin - R6-ma - T6-ki-6. K h o i n ^ y vCra chong l a i Quoc te Cong san,
160
- TCf thang 11 - 1 9 4 2 dg'n thang 2 - 1943, diln r a t r S n p h a n c6ng t a i
IXta-lin-grat cua quan doi L i e n X6 da ^.ao n d n budc ngoat csia cupc chigh t r a n h
g" g i d i . T r o n g t r a n danh v i dai nay, H o n g quan L i e n X6 da ta'ri cong, bao
vfiy, chia cdt de t i e u d i $ t va b ^ t song toan bo doi quan t i n h nhu$ ciia DUc
{6m 3 3 v a n ngudi do T h o n g che' Pao-lut chi huy. Bit
dau ti^ day. L i e n X6 va
e D o n g m i n h chuyen sang ta'n c6ng dong loat tr§n cac mat t r a n .
nhodng cua Dufc k h o n g t r d tay k i p .
chien t r a n h ve p h i a L i e n X6.
i)hia n a m n h i m danh chig'm Xta-lin-grat. Cuoc chien dau k^o dai h d n h a i
- Nguyen
nhdn thdt bai cua Biic
:
+ Cu6c chien t r a n h x a m ludc cua Dufc vao l a n h t h d L i g n X6 la chi§'n
ranh p h i nghia, cuoc chien t r a n h ay va'p p h a i sU p h ^ n khang quyet l i ^ t ciia
!nhan dan L i e n X6.
+ Mac dAu
DiJc to chufc ta'n cong L i e n Xo ba't ngd n h u n g H o n g qufin L i e n
da chuan b i sSn sang de chong t r a ac l i g t cu6c ta'n c64g cua quan dpi DiJc
+ Mac d i u DuT^ thuc h i ^ n "Chien t r a n h chdp nhoang" nhUng t r d n thuc te
i d a n h vao LiSi^ X6, Diji^c p h a i cha'p n h a n m ^ t cuoc chien t r a n h k6o dai,
an t r i i d n h i e u m a t t r a n .
161
C S u 5 : T a i sao N h a t Ban khai chi&'n vcti Mi - Anh d Thdi Binh DiTtfng ?
Hay tvfdng thu^t vi$c khai chien, qua trinh xam lu^c va banh triTdng
cua Nhat t r e n IvCdc do chdu A - T h a i B i n h Dtfrfng.
* Huong ddn ird lai :
- Tai sao :
+ D l thirc hi^n viec b^nh trudfng d chau A - Th^i Binh Duomg, muc tigu
chi§'n lifcfc cua Nhat Bdn la chiem vung D6ng Nam A. Vdi muc ti§u nky, Nhat
bdn se phdi d6l did \6i M i - Anh vk c^c cudng quo'c phucfng Tay.
+ Khi Nhait Ban nhay v^o Dong Di/omg (9 - 1940), quan he Nhat - M l
trd nen c i n g t h i n g den rnufc khong gidi quyet dUcJc tren b^n hpi nghi, m ^
phai dung chien tranh.
+ Nhat Ban hiiu rkng sufc manh chu yeu cua M i difa v^o h^m doi Thdi
Binh Difcrng dong tai Tran Chau cdng. Do d6 muon nhanh ch6ng ddnh bai M i
thi pMi hi mat, ba't ng& tieu diet ham dOi M i d Tran Chau cang.
- Tudng thudt : DiXa veto I'ugc dS di tiiang thudt sau do chdt lai cdc y :
+ Ng£ly 7 - 12 - 1941, quan Nhat bat ngis tan cong Tran Chau cang can cii hai quSn c h i yeu cua M i d Thai Binh Duong. Ham doi M i bi thiet hai
nang ne. Cung liic do, Nhat do bO d Nam Thai Binh DiTcfng va B^c Ma Lai.
Nhat tuyen chien vdi M i - Anh.
+ Ngay 1 - 1 - 1942, Lien X6, M i , Anh k i bdn Tuy§n ng6n Lien hiep
quoc, k h i n g dinh quyet tarn chong phat xit.
+ Khi chien tranh Thai Binh DUdng bung no, Nhat ti§n hanh danh
chi§'m khu vi/c Dong Nam A : Chi§'m Thai Lan, Ma Lai, Xin-ga-po.
+ Nhat md rgng chien tranh Thai Binh Duang. Den nam 1942, Nhat da
banh trirdng toi da d Dong A, Dong Nam A va Tay Thai Binh Duong.
C a u 6 : Khoi Dong minh chong ph6t xit dtfgrc hinh thanh nhiT th§' n^o ?
T a i sao ba nrfoTc MI, Anh, L i 6 n X6 trufdrc chien tranh khong c6 difdng
lo'i hanh d$ng chung, nhifng trong chien tranh lai lien ket Axbfc \6i
nhau ?
* Hiicrng ddn trd lot, :
Ngay 1 - 1 - 1942, tai Oa-sinh-tcfn, 26 quoc gia (dilng dau la ba cutoig quoc
Li§n X6, M i , Anh) da k i ban Tuy6n ngon lAhn hiep quoc, k h ^ g dinh quyet tam
chien dau den cung chong chu nghia phat xit. Vdi bSn Tuyen ngon nay, khoi
Deng minh chd'ng phat xit da chinh thufc hinh thanh. Cuoi thang 11 - 1943,
nguy§n thu cua ba ciJdng qu6'c la Xta-lin (LiSn X6), Ru-dd-ven (Mi) va Sdfc-sin
(Anh) da hop rai Te-he-ran de th6ng nha't dirdng loi t i ^ hanh chien tranh.
- Ba nurdc M i , A n h , Lien X6 trUdc chien tranh khong c6 difdng loi hanh
dpng chung, nhimg trong chien tranh lai lien ket duoc vdi nhau, vi :
+ TrUdc chien tranh, M i va Anh c6 mau thuan vdi Lien X6. Khi chien
tranh mdi b i t dau bung no, Ml, Anh muon hudng C U Q C tan cong cua chii
nghla phat xit vao lanh thd Lien X6.
,f
162
+ Ri6ng M l , trxidc chien t r a n h , M i kh6ng muon t h a m chien ngay
vi Mi muon thUc h i e n c h i n h sdch "toa scfn quan h6 da'u".
tii
dSu,
+ K h i chien tranh bung no va den giai doan quyet li$t. Dure md cac cuoc
ta'n cong vao cac n\Xdc Dong, Nam, TSy Au da dung cham dSn quyin loi cua
h, Phap. Dac biet la k h i Nhat banh triiOng d Thai Binh Duong, khai chifin
i M i , Anh. Nhat la k h i Nhat danh M i d Tran Chau cang, bugc M l p h i i
gn chien vOi Nhat, M i cham diJt chinh sach biet lap de tham gia chi§n
nh thg' giOi thuT hai.
+ K h i Hong quan Lien X6 lan lirot danh bai phat xit Dufc d Mat tr§n
Lien X6, sau d6 giiip cac n\s6c Dong Au danh bai chu nghla phat xit, liic nay
UU the thuQC ve phe Dong minh da thuc day M i , Anh lien kg't vdi nhau di
chong phat xit manh hem nufa.
a u 7 : Hay trinh bay ve "tr$t trf mdfi" cua phe True d chSu A u va
chau A. E m c6 suy nghi gi ve trat tii m6\o ?
Huang ddn trd Idi :
* "Trat tu mcfi" cua phe True :
- d chau Au : Sif thong t r i ciia Dufc Quoc xa da tao ra cai goi la "trat tu
(}i"6-day
+ D6'i vdi cac nude bi chiem d6ng, DUc thong t r i hkng bao luc va khung
Hit-le thuc hi$n chinh sach phan biet chung toe cue k i tan bao.
+ Doi vdi ngUcJi Do Thai, Hit-le danh cho "giai phap cuoi cung" nghia la
'eu diet toan bo.
- 6 chau A : Nhat Ban tuyen bo "Khu vufc thinh vuong chung Dai Dong A"
di khau hieu "Chau A cua ngUcJi chau A". Nhung Nhat thiet lap d day ach
o'ng t r i tan bao va khung bo.
* Suy nghi :
- Bay la m g t trat tU gi§'t ngUOi cua phat xit DUc va Nhat. Chung da dung
oi cue hinh de tieu diet con ngUOi, nha't la dan Do Thai.
- Trat t u nay da gay cam phSn cho nhan loai va d6 la can nguy&n dSn dSn
ong trao da'u tranh chong phat xit dien ra manh me, quyet l i ^ t d nhieu nUdc.
au 8 : Phong trao khang chien d nhil^g niidc hi phat xit chiem
ng d i l n bien r a sao ?
Huang ddn trd lai :
- Tai Phap, Dang Cong san va nhieu to chUc khie da thanh lap lUc luong
ang chien trong nUdc.
<
- Tai Nam Tu, phong trao khang chien ciia Dang Cpng s i n d i l n ra manh me.
- Tai Ba Lan, Dang Cpng san thanh lap "Quan dpi nhan dan", "Quan dpi
ong nUdc" d^ chong phat xit.
I
- Tai Lien X6, chien tranh du kich trong viing bi dich chiem da lam rung ^
uyen hau phuong quan dpi DUc.
,.i
163
- Phong trko khdng chi§n d D6ng Nam A cung len cao, nhat Ik d Trung
QuS'c, Viet Nam, Phi-lip-pin, Ma Lai, Mien Dien...
Cau 9 : Di^a vao Ivlcfc do, tvCifng thu^t diin bien cua tr^in phan cong
Xta-lin-grat.
*Hudng d&n trd Idi :
DiTa v^o luot do trong sdch gi±o khoa, cac em tu tim hieu tran phan cong
Xta-lin-grat d Lien X6, sau d6 chot lai laKy y :
- Tran phan cong tai Xta-lin-gr^t (tiT thdng 11 - 1942 d§n thdng 2 - 1943)
cua quan dpi Lien X6 da tao nen budc ngoat cua cu6c chien tranh the gidi.
- Trong tr$n ddnh vi dai nay. Hong qufin Lien X6 da tan c6ng, bao vay,
chia cdt de tidli diet vk hit song tokn bo dpi quan tinh nhu§ cua Dufc gom 33
van ngUdi do Thong che Pao-liit chi huy.
- Tif day. Lien X6 va phe Dong minh chuyin sang tan cong dong loat tren
cdc mat tran.
,
Cau 10 : Hay tvCdng thu^t di&n bien cupc do bp vao No6c-mang-di va
n&u y nghia cua vi?c md m$t tr^n thuT hai d TSy Au.
*Hudng ddn trd led :
- Diin bien:
+ CuQc d6 bo vao No6c-mang-di (B^c Phap) tif ngay 6 - 6 - 1944 cua lien
quan Ml - Anh va Dong minh md "Mat tran thuf hai".
+ Quan do bO tig'n vao nUdc Phap. Ngay 15 - 8 - 1944, quan Ml va quan
Phap Tu do lai do bo or Pro-vang-xcf (Nam Phap). Hai each quan nay duoi
quan Diirc ve bien gidi. Life lifong khang chig'n trong nifdc Phap cung noi day
khdi nghia, gi^i phdng nhieu vung rong Idn, lam chu Thu do. Canh quan Mi
cua Tifdng Pat-tOn tien vao Pa-ri ngay 25 - 8. Chinh phii Lam thcJi Phap do
tudng DcfGon diJng dau difgrc thanh lap, chinh quyen Pe-tanh bi giai tan.
Toan bo nifdc Phap duoc giai phong vao thang 9 - 1944. Tiep theo dd quan
Dong minh do bp tien vao giai phong cac nUdc Phap, Bi, Ha Lan va chuan bi
ta'n cong nifdc Dure.
- Y nghia cua viec md mat trdn thii hai :
+ Day la boat dOng quan sif Idn nha't cua Mi, Anh tren chien trif&ng chau
Au.
+ ThI hi$n diing sif thoa thufin ciia ba mfdc Lilji Xq, Mi, Anh trong vi§c
quyet tam tigu diet chu nghia phat xit.
+ The hi$n sure manh va sif lien ket cua cac mfdc Dong minh chong phat
xit, diJng dau la Lien X6, Mi, Anh.
+ Dly Dure lam vao tinh the nguy ngap, bupc Diifc phai chig'n dau cimg
mot liic tren ck hai mat tran phia D6ng va phia Tay.
164
Cau 11 : Cu$c phan cong cua quan D6ng minh trong giai doan cuo'i
cua chien tranh (ttf thang 6 - 1944 den thang 8 - 1945) de danh b^i
Nh$t Ban diin ra nhuT the nao ?
*Hudng d&n trd Idi :
- d mat tran Thai Bihh DiXcfng, tif nam 1944, lien quan Mi - Anh da triln
khai cac CUQC tan cong danh chi§m Mien Di§n va qu^n ddo Phi-lip-pin. Quan
Ml tang cifdng uy hiep, danh pha cac thanh pho Idn cua mfdc Nhat b&ng
kh6ng quin.
- Ngay 6 - 8 - 1945, Mi m6m quS bom nguy§n tuf ddu tien xuong thanh
pho Hi-ro-si-ma. Ngay 8 - 8 , Li§n X6 tuy§n chien vdi Nhat va ta'n cong dao
quan quan D6ng d Man Chau. Ngay 9 - 8, Mi n6m tiep qud bom nguyen til
thur hai huy di^t thanh pho Na-ga-xa-ki. Ngay 15 - 8 , Nhat BSn cha'p nhan
diu hang khdng dilu ki§n. Chien tranh th§' gidi thiJ hai ket thuc.
c a u 12 : Neu ket cue v^ anh hufdng cua ChiSn tranh th6' gidri thtf hai.
*Hudng ddn trd lai :
- Chien tranh thg" gidi thiJ hai kg't thiic vdi sif sup do hoan toan cua chu
nghia phdt xit Dure, I-ta-li-a va Nh$t BAn. Thing lori vi dai thuOc v4 cac dan
t$c tren th^ gidi da ki#n cifdng chidn da'u ch6'ng chu nghia phat xit. Trong
CUQC chien Mu Ky, ba cif&ng quoc Lien X6, Mi, Anh la life lifctog try c^t, giC
vai trd quyg't dinh trong vi#c tigu diet chu nghia phdt xit.
^ - Anh hudng cua chien tranh la v6 cung nang n i doi vdi nhan loai. Hon 70
qu6c gia vdi 1700 tri$u ngudi da bi 16i cuon vao v6ng chi§n, kho^ng 60 trieu
ngudi ehet, 90 tri^u ngudi bi tan phg'.
y, - Chien tranh k§'t thiic da dSn d§n nhuCng bi§n doi can bSn cua tinh hinh
; the gidi.
V
111. CAU H6I VA BAI TAP B 6 SUNG
' Ciu 1 : Nhihig boat d$ng chuan bi tiSn t^i g&y chiSn tranh cua phat
i xit Diifc, I-ta-li-a va Nh^t Ban.
1^ Hudng d&n trd led :
I - TU cuoc khung hoang kinh te (1929 - 1933), cac nUdc phdt xit DUc, I-tai-a va Nhat BSn da lidn kg't vdi nhau thanh Li6n minh phat xit, c5n duoc goi
k true Bee-lin - R6-ma - T6-ki-6. Khoi nay vUa chong lai Quoc tg' Cong sdn,
IriJa gay chig'n tranh chia lai the gidi.
f - Trong boi cdnh d6, cdc cUdng quoc tU hka. vk Li§n X6 lai khSng cd dudng
61 hanh dpng chung. Cac nUde phat xit da Id dung tinh hinh dd d^ thUc hien
)tnuc tieu gay ehifin tranh xam luoc cua minh.
- TrUde het Hit-le quyet dinh sap nhap Ao vao nude Ddc, r6i tiSn hanh
xam luoc cac nUdc khae. Tiep dd, Hit-le yeu edu chinh phu Ti^p Khie ehuyin
giao xU Xuy-d^t cho ngUdi DUc.
- Ngay 29 - 9 - 1938, Hpi nghi Muy-nich dUOc tri^u t§p vdi sU tham gia
cua ngudi dUng d^u cdc chinh phu Anh, Phap, DUc va I-ta-li-a. Mot hi$p dinh
H
165
f
da ducfc k i ket, theo do Anh, Phdp trao.vung Xuy-d6t cua Ti$p Kh^c cho Dufc
di ddi lay s\X cam ket cua Hit-le ve vi$c cham durt moi cuoc thon t i n h 6 chau
Au. Dai bi§'u Tiep Kh^c dUdc mdi den Muy-nich chi di ti§p nhan v^ t h i hanh
hi§p dinh.
- Sau k h i chiem Xuy-det, Hit-le thon tinh to^n bp Ti$p Khdc (thdng 3
- 1939). Khong diftig lai d do, Hit-le bdt diu gay han vk chuin hi tien h&nh
chien tranh vdi Ba Lan.
C S u 2: D i l n bien chfnh cua C h i e n tranh the gi«Ji thtf h a i tiif nSm 1939
den mua he 1941.
* Hiidng ddn trd Idi :
- Rang sdng ng^y 1 - 9 - 1939 quan doi Diic tan cong Ba Lan. Hai ng^y
sau, Anh
Phdp bu^c phai tuyen chig'n vdi Dufc. Chien tranh the gidi thiif
hai b^t dau. Vdi uu the tuyet doi ve siJc manh, qufin DiJc kp dung chi§n luac
"Chien tranh chdp nho^ng" v^ chiem ductc Ba Lan sau gan m6t t h i n g .
- Lien quan Anh - Phdp dkn trSn doc bien gidi phia tky niXdc BUc, nhiftig
khong ta'n cong Diic.
- Lien X6 tien hanh mot so boat dpng quan sif va chinh t r i de gi^nh lai
lanh thd cua Nga cu.
- T h i n g 4 - 1 9 4 0 , qufin Dijfc chuyen hudng t i n cong tii phia dong sang
phia tky, chiem hau het cdc nUdc tif ban cMu Au nhir Dan Mach, Na Uy, Bi,
Uk Lan, Liic-xam-bua vk d i n h t h i n g wko nurdc Phdp.
- T h i n g 9 - 1940, n h i m ciing cd khoi lien minh p h i t x i t , Hiep Udc Tam
cudng Dure ~ I-ta-li-a - N h i t B i n dufoc k i ket tai B6c-lin, thifa nh$n suT thong
t r i cua Dure v i I-ta-li-a or chau Au.
- Tii t h i n g 10 - 1940, Hit-le chuydn sang thdn t i n h cic nifdc Dong v i Nam
chiu Au. Cic nude Ru-ma-ni, Hung-ga-ri, Bun-ga-ri trS t h i n h chiT hau cua
Dure v i bi q u i n Diic chi^'m dong. Bkng vQ life, quan Dufc v i I-ta-li-a thdn tinh
Nam Tu v i H i Lap. Den miia hb n i m 1941, phe p h i t x i t da thong t r i p h i n
Idn chiu Au,
^
C S u 3 : Chifi'n s\i taii B^c P h i gdn vdi so ph0n cua p h i t xit I-ta-li-a
nhii the'nao ?
Cau 4 : C h u n g h i a p h a t x i t Dtfc l a n lu-rft b i dianh b a i nhuf the nao ?
* Hudng ddn trd lai :
/
- TCr ng^y 6 - 6 - 1944, cuoc do bo v i o Nodc-ming-di (Bic Phip) ciia li§n
quan M i - Anh v i Dong minh md "Mat tran thd hai" d T i y Au.
- Quan dd bo tien v i o giai phong cic nUdc Phip, B i , H i Lan v i chuan bi
t i n cdng nude Ddc.
- Sau k h i di.y lui quan dpi Ddc ra khdi lanh thd, tif t h i n g 7 - 1944 ddn
t h i n g 10 - 1944, Hong qu^n Lien Xo tidn quin v i o Ddng Au, giiip n h i n d i n
Dong Au ti§u di^t phdt xit Ddc, giai phdng h i n g loat ckc nude Ddng Au.
- Tif thdng 1 - 1945, Hong quan Lien Xd cung b^t dau eu9c t i n cdng nude
Ddc 6 m i t t r i n phia Ddng.
- T h i n g 2 - 1945, d mat t r i n phia t i y . M i - Anh v i cic nUde Ddng minh
khie vugt song Ranh t r i n v i o nUdc DUc.
- Tif 1 6 - 4 ddn 2 - 5 - 1945, Hdng quin Lien X6 da d i p tan sU k h i n g cu
eiia quin ph^t xit DuTc. Ng&y 9 - 5 - 1945, Ddc k i hiep dinh d^u h i n g khong
didu kign. Chien tranh cham dijTt d chiu Au.
C a u 5 : Phat xit Nh$t g i y chien va bi th^t bai d m§t t r ^ n c h a u A T h i i B i n h Dvforng nhi^ th€' nao ?
* Hudng d&n trd Idi :
- N g i y 7 - 12 - 1941, quin N h i t ba^ ngd tan cdng T r i n Chiu c i n g - c i n
cd" h i i q u i n chii ydu cua M i 8 T h i i Binh Duong. Ham dpi M i bi thipt h^i
n i n g ne. Cung luc dd, K h i t dd bp d Nam T h i i Binh Ducmg v i B^c M i Lai.
N h i t t u y e n chien vdi M i - Anh.
- K h i chidn tranh T h i i Binh Ducfng bimg no, Nhat tien h i n h d i n h chidm
khu vifc Ddng Nam A : Chidm T h i i Lan, Ma Lai, Xin-ga-po.
- Ddn n i m 1942, N h i t da b i n h trUdng td'i da d D6ng A, Dong Nam A v i
Tay T h i i Binh Duong.
- d m i t t r i n T h i i Binh Ducfng, tif n i m 1944, lien quin M i - Anh d i trien
* Hu&ng ddn trd lai :
khai cic cuOc t i n cdng d^nh chidm Mien Dipn v i quin dao Phi-lip-pin. QuSn
- Ngay tif t h i n g 9 - 1940 q u i n dpi I-ta-li-a da tan cdng;Ai Cap. Cugc chien
d day dien ra trong the gikng co, khong p h i n th^nfe|)ai iiCa lien quin DiJc
- I-ta-li-a vdi lien q u i n Anh - M i .
M i t i n g cudng uy h^dp, d i n h ph^ cic th^nh phd Idn cua nude N h i t b^ng
- T h i n g 10 - 1942, lien quan Anh - M I g i i n h thdng Icfi trong tran En Ala-men (Ai C^p), g i i n h lai itu thd d Bic Phi v i chuyin sang p h i n cdng tren
toin m i t t r i n .
- Tidp dd Dong minh chidm d i o X i - x i - l i - a (7 - 1943), chinh phu p h i t
x i t I-ta-li-a bi l^t dd, phai k i ket d^u h i n g Dong minh (3 - 9 - 1943).
khdng quin.
- N g i y 6 - 8 - 1945, M i n6m q u i bom nguy§n tuf ddu ti§n xudng t h i n h phd
Hi-rd-si-ma. Ng^y 8 - 8 , Lien Xd tuySn chien vdi N h i t v^ t i n cdng dao quan
Quan Ddng d M i n Chiu. N g i y 9 - 8, M i n6m tiep q u i bom nguy §n tiJf thd hai
hiiy dipt t h i n h phd Na-ga-xa-ki. N g i y 15-8, N h i t Ban chip n h i n dAu h i n g
khdng dieu kign. Chien tranh the gidi thu hai kdt thuc.
167
C a u 6 : L ^ p bang thong ke
gidfi thi? h a i .
d i l n big'n c h i n h c i i a C h i e n t r a n h t h ^
1 -1942
2-2-1943
6-6-1944
9-5-1945
15-8-1945
* Hadng ddn trd Idi :
Thofi gian
Tif 1 - 9 - 1 9 3 9
den diu nam 1943.
Chifin
- B^ng chig'n thu$t chfip nho^ng, phat xit OiJc d^nh chie'm hau
het chSu Au. IMgay 22 - 6 -1941, phdt xft Oac t^n c6ng U§n X6
tig'n vao lanh th6 X6vi§'t.
*Hiidng ddn trd Idi:
- Thang 1 -1942. Mat tr^n D8ng minh chSng phat xit th^nh l§p.
Tif d^u nam 1943
dg'n thang 8 -1945.
- Tr^n phSn c6ng cua quSn dOi Lign x6 6 Xta-lin-grat (2 -1943)
da tgo ra bu6c ngoat cua chig'n tranh thg' gi6i, H6ng quSn Lign x5
va quan 06ng minh chuyen sang phdn c6ng kh^p cac m$t tran.
- M^t tr§n X6-0ijfc: dg'n cuoi 1944 H6ng quan Lign x6 qugt s?ch
quan Dite kh6i lanh th6 X6 vig't. Trgn ducing truy kich phat xit
Di/c, Hong quart giup d9 nhan dan cac nu6c D6ng Au lat dd ach
th^ng trj phat xit;.
- Mat tran Bk Phi: quan Anh, MT ta'n cOng m?nh mg, thang 51943, quan Dufc va I-ta-li-a ph^i hg vu khi.
- M^t tran chau A -Thai Binh Duong, H6ng quan Lign x6 danh
tan dgo quan Quan 06ng cua Nhat; ngay 6 va 9 - 8 MT thS hai
quS bom nguygn tii xufi'ng Nh§t B^n lam chat hon 20 van ngudi.
- Ngay 15 - 8 -1945, Nh$t Bdn dau hang khflng digu kign.
Chjgn tranh thg" gi6i thU hai kg't thuc.
Cau 7 : L$p nidn bi#'u nhihig sijf ki^n chfnh cua ChfS'n tranh th6' gidri
NiSn 09i
1 - 9-1939
9-1940
Str kifn chfnh
1 -9-1939
DiJc ta'n c6ng Ba Lan chig'n tranh bung nd.
9-1940
I-ta-li-a t^n c6ng Ai C§p
26 - 6 -1941
Dire ta'n c6ng Lign X6.
7-12-1941
Nh|t ta'n c6ng MT 6 Ha-oai.
1 -1942
Mat tran 06ng minh chdng phat xit thanh lap.
2-2-1943
Chig'n thdng Xta-lin-grat.
6-6-1944
Anh-MT dd bO vao Bdc Phap.
9-5-1945
Phat xit DiJc diu hang.
14-8-1945
Nh§t dau hang Ddng minh, chig'n tranh kg't thuc.
€ a u 8 : Nguyen nhftn bung no Chien tranh the gidi thiir hai. So'vdri
iChi^n tranh the' gidi tfauT nhS't c6 diem gi giong va khdc nhau ?
* Hudng ddn trd Idi :
- M$t tr$n Tay Au: ngay 6 - 6 -1944, quan Anh, MT dd b$ Ign
mign Bdc nifi5c Phap, m6 Mat tr|n thif hai.
- Sau thSng l(?i cua H6ng quan Lign x6 6 chi^n d.ich c6ng pha
Bec-lin, ngay 9 - 5 -1945, chinh phu mfii cua DQc diu hang
khOng digu ki$n. Chig'n tranh k^t thuc 6 chau Au
Svrkifn chfnh
Ni6nd9i
- d Thdi Binh DiiOng. Ng^y 7 - 12 -1941, Nh^t BSn ta'n cOng
hgm dOi MT & Iran ChSu cSng. Quan Nhat chiem to^n bO D6ng
Nam A va mOt s6'd^o Thai Btnh Duong.
- 6 Bdc Phi, thang 9 -1940, quSn I-ta-li-a ta'n c6ng Ai C9p.
Chig'n tranh Ian rfing khdp thg' gidi.
'
- Nguyen nh&n :
+ Mku thuSn ve quyen Icfi giffa cdc nifdc de quoc sau ChiSn tranh the gidi
thii nha't lai tiep tuc nay sinh.
^
+ CuOc khung hoang kinh tg' 1929 -1933 da dfin den sU ra ddi
cim quyIn cua chfl nghia phdt xit d Dufc, I-ta-li-a
l^n
NhSt Ban nhkm gay
chig'n tranh dl chia lai th§' gidi.
I
-I- Chinh sdch thod hi$p, "dung duQng" cua cdc node phiftjng Tay da tao
dilu ki$n cho bon phat xit phat dpng chig'n tranh.
+ cac nifdc dg' qu6'c hinh thanh hai khoi d6'i lap nhau.
- Di&^m gid'ng nhau : Ck hai cuoc chie'n tranh deu nhkm gidi quyg't mau
thuSn giiJa cdc nitdc de' quoc ve van de thi trUdng va thuOc dia.
- Diim khdc nhau : Chie'n tranh the" gidi thuf hai c6n nh^m giai quye't mau
thuan giCa cac nUdc de' quoc vdi Lien X6, nha nUdc xa hoi chu nghia ddu tien
trgn the" gidi.
26 - 6 -1941
7-12-1941
168
169
Bai
32
6 N T A P L I C H Stf T H E GlCfl H l f i N D A I (1917 - 1 9 4 5 )
I. cAu H 6 I , B A I T A P ccf BAN
C a u 1 : Hay liia chon mpt trong so cac suT k i ^ n lich sijf cof bdn cua
lich avt the giofi h i ^ n dai (nhOng nfim tuf 1917 den nSm 1945) vk trinh
bay svt k i ^ n do theo each hieu biet cua minh.
* Hudngddn
trd Idi :
Hoc sinh c6 the chon mpt hoftc m6t vh\r ki§n tiSu bieu de trd Idi, ch^nf
han nhtf Cach mang thdng Mifdi Nga nam 1917. Sau day la mot so goi y :
- Trinh bay vai net vi cudc each mang thdng Hai nam 1917 :
+ Cfich Kiang bung n6 d Nga trong nftm 1917 : Cdch mang t h i n g Hai lat
d6 che d6 Nga hodng ; Cach mang thang Mudi l$t do Chinh phu Ifim thdi ciia
;tU sdn, di/a n\X6c Nga thanh mpt ntfdc v6 sdn dau ti6n tr§n the gidi.
+ Sau Cdch mang thdng Modi, nUdc Nga bode vao thdi k i xay dUng chu
lighia xa hoi trong hodn cdnh het sdc kho khan va da dat duoc nhOrng thdnh
tuu to Idn. Tif dd Lien X6 trd thanh mot cudng quoc cong nghiep ddng thuf hai
tr§n the gidi vd cd vi t r i quan trong tren trUdng quoc te'.
- Phong trdo cdch mang the gidi budc sang mot thai ki phdt trien mdi tic
sau thdng Igi cua Cdch mang thdng Mucd Nga vd sU kit thuc cudc ChiS'n
tranh the gidi thit nhdt.
+ Cao trao each mang 1918 - 1923; Quoc t§' Cdng sdn ra ddi.
+ Tong bai c6ng chinh t r i d Pe-to-ro-grdt va khdi ngUa vQ trang l ^ t do
che d o Nga Hoang Ni-c6-laf I I .
+ each mang thang Hai da hoan th^nh nhi^m vu each mang dSn chu tu
skn. Nhung sau k h i each mang th^ng lori, cue dien hai chinh quyIn song song
ton tai d6 la : cac X6 viet cua giai cSp v6 sdn va Chinh phu l§m thW cua giai
cap tu san. Nhi$m vu cua cAch mang d Nga la phai chuyen tokn bo chinh
quyen v4 tay cdc Xo viet.
- Ti^p do, trinh bay vi c^ch mxing thdng MiCdi Nga ndm 1917 :
+ Neu qud t r i n h chuygr tuf each mang thdng Hai sang each mang thdng
+ Phong trao cdch mang trong nhffng ndm khiing hoang k i n h te
(1929 - 1933).
+ Mat t r a n nhan dan chdng phat xit, chong chig'n tranh (1936
1939).
+ CuQC ddu tranh chong phdt xit trong Chien tranh thg' gidi thu" hai
(1939 - 1945).
'j
- Chu nghia tU bdn khong con Id hi thdng duy nhdt tren the gidi vd
trdi qua nhUng biidc phdt trien thdng tram ddy bien ddng.
+ Trong 10 ndm (1919 - 1929), cac nude tif ban tCfng biXic 6n djnh.
Mif&i b^ng phifcmg phdp ho i binh vk phtfcfng phap dau tranh vu trang. Trong
da'u tranh vu trang, ehii y dg'n sif kifin khdi nghia vu trang d Pe-tcf-ro-grdt,
tan cong Cung di^n Miia Dong, bdt giff Chinh phu Ifim thW tif sdn. Cdch
mang th^ng Icri trong cd nufde.
+ Thdng loi ciia Cdch mang thdng Muisi c6 y nghia va tdc dung nhir the
nho dd'i v6i niidc Nga va edc nixdc tren th^' gidi.
C a u 2 : T r i n h bay torn Ut n ^ i dung chinh cua lich svl th6' gidi hi^n
dai (nhSng nSm tuf nfim 1917 d&'n nfim
1945)
khung hoang.
+ Cdc nude Ddc, I-ta-li-a, Nhdt Ban giai quyg't khung hoang bkng
cdch phdt xit hod b^ mdy nhd nude, di den gay Chien tranh the gidi thu"
hai.
- Chid'n tranh thi giai thit hai (1939 -1945)
Id cudc chiin
nhdt, khdc liet nhdt vd tan phd ndng ni nhdt tronp. lich su' nhdn
tranh
Idn
hai.
Dong m i n h chdng phdt xit.
sdn
+ NhOng tien bo ve khoa hpc - k i thudt da thud%ay kinh te thg' gitJi phdt
trien vdi mpt toe dp cao.
+ Sif tang trifdng cua kinh tg' the gidi da lam thay ddi ddi song chinh t r i
- xa hpi, vdn h6a cua cac qiioc gia, dfin tpc vd the gidi ndi chung.
- Chu nghia xa hdi dugc xdc Idp d mdt s6 niide ddu ti&n tren tM gidi, ndm
giUa vong vdy cua chu nghia tu bdn.
170
+ Trong 10 ndm (1929 - 1939), edc nUdc tU ban lam vdo t i n h trang
+ Cdc qu6'c gia cd chg' dO chinh t r i khdc nhau da phd'i hdp trong khdi
* Hu&ng ddn trd Icri :
- Thdi ki nay da diin ra nhSng chuyin biin quan trong trong nin
xudt vdt chdt eua nhdn loqi r
-
+ L i ^ n X6, M l , Anh ddng vai tro quan trong trong vide ddnh bai chu
nghia phdt xit, ket thiic chi^'n tranh.
C&u 3 : N6u mOt vi du ve m6'i lien h^ giiJa lich si5f th6' gi
* Hudng ddn trd l&i :
C6 nhieu sU ki?n lich suf the gidi c6 mdi quan h? vdi lich sijf Vi§t Nam trong
thdi k i 1917 - 1945, d day chung ta c6 t h i chpn m^t sU ki?n dd Ik vi^c thanh Idp
Mat trdn nhdn ddii Phdp vd Mat trdn Dan chu Dong DUcmg (1936 - 1939).
171
- Bi gidi qtiy§'t khung hodng kinh t§' (1929 - 1933), cdc nUcJc DiJc, I-ta-li-a
vk Nhat Bdn da tie'n h^nh phat xit hod bp mdy nhk nudc, chu^n bi gay chien
ong sdng lap D ^ n g D a n chu In-d6-n§-xi-a. V d i tir each chu t i c h DSng, Xu-cac-no
n h i i u l i n t u y e n bo d6i thuc dan H a L a n trao t r a dpc lap cho
In-do-ne-xi-a.
Cuoi n a m 1929, Xu-cac-no va cac n h a l a n h dao D i n g D a n t6c b i c h i n h quyen
t r a n h thg' gidi.
- Trudc nguy cor chi§n t r a n h the gidi thur h a i bung no, Qu5c t e Cgng san da
thuc dan b ^ t g i a m . T h a n g 8 - 1930, thuc dan H a L a n m d p h i e n toa x6t xuf
chu trufcfng cho cdc nUdc p h a i t h ^ n h lap M a t t r ^ n N h a n dan d ^ chCng chu
Xu-cae-n6. V d i tai h u n g bi§n, ong da tU bao chUa trudc toa b k n g bai p h a t bieu
nghia p h a t xit, ch6ng chifin t r a n h , bao v$ hoa b i n h .
n6i tiS'ng "In-d6-n§-xi-a t6' cao", l§n a n tpi ac v a su thong t r i cua thuc dan Ha
- Thuc h i e n chii t r i r a n g cua Quoc tfi' C^ng s a n , M a t t r a n N h a n dan l l n lucft
dMc t h a n h lap d cAc nude n h u T r u n g Quoc, Tay Ban N h a va Phap. Dac b i ^ t ,
t a i Phap vao n a m 1936, M a t t r a n N h a n dan Phap g i a n h t h ^ n g lori t r o n g CUQC
Tong t u y i n cuf va l e n n ^ m c h i n h q u y i n d Phap. Sau k h i n d m c h i n h q u y i n .
M a t t r a n N h a n dan Phap d l r a mOt so c h i n h sach c6 l o i cho cac niXdc thu^c
dia nhtr : thifc h i $ n cac quyen tif do dan chu v a a n xa t i i c h i n h t r i cho cac
nude thuoc dia.
- Lcri dung t i n h h i n h d6, D d n g Cong sdn D6ng Difcrng p h a t dong qudn
Chung
thuc h i e n cu6c v a n dgng dan chu t r o n g nhOmg n a m 1936 - 1939.\Trong
Lan. Bat cha'p d u luan phan doi trong va ngoai nude, chinh quyen thue dan ket
an Xu-cac-no 4 n a m t u giam. Do cu^c dau t r a n h cua n h a n dan In-d6-ne-xi-a va
ban be quoc te, ngay 3 1 - 12 - 1931, ong dupe r a t u trude t h d i h a n v a ti§p
tuc l a n h dao phong t r a o dpc lap dan tpc d In-d6-ne-xi-a.
T h a n g 8 - 1933,
Xu-cac-no b i thuc d a n H a L a n hit
vh l u u d l y t a i dao
K e - x i n , sau dd l a ddo Ben-cu-len.
Xu-cac-no la T o n g t h o n g dau ti§n cua nUde COng hoa In-do-ne-xi-a (1945
-
1965). O n g l a n h a boat dpng c h i n h t r i , l a n h t u xua't s^c cua phong t r a o giai
phong dan tpc In-do-ne-xi-a.
cuoc v $ n dpng nay, D a n g Cong san Dong Duong da t h a n h lap M a t t r a n D a n
I I . cAu
chu D6ng Ducfng d ^ doan k e t cac life liTcfng y§u nifdc da'u t r a n h d5i cac quyen
C a u 1 : Hay n e u nhiJng sxi k i ^ n chinh c u a ntfoTc Nga - L i 6 n X6 trong
t u do dan chu, ccfm ao, hoa b i n h .
nhCng nam
C&u 4 : Tim h i ^ u
* Hudng ddn trd lai:
ti^'u s«f mpt s6' nhfin v^kt l i c h svl thu^c thdi k i lich
STjf nay.
'
M . Gan-di, nha yeu nufdc A n Dp, diforc suy t o n l a Ma-hat-ma, c6 n g h i a l a
"Tam h o n v l d a i " . N h a n dan goi ong l a T h a n h - M . Gan-di l a l a n h t u D a n g
2-1917
BAI TAP BO SUNG
1917 - 1941.
Diin bie'n chfnh
Ke't quS, y nghTa
NuQc Nga - Lien X6:
-T6ng bai cOng chinh
- Lat do chg' dp Nga hoang.
Cach
trj 6 Pe-to-r6-grat.
- Hai chinh quyen song
-Kh6i nghTa vu trang.
song t6n tgi.
-Nga Hocing thoai vj.
- Cach mgng dan chu tu
SI/ ki§n
Ni6n dai
* Hicdng ddn trd led :
- Ti§u sur cua M . G a n - d i (1869 - 1948)
H O I vA
mgng
dSn
chu ta sSn Nga
Quoc d a i , ngirdi l a n h dao phong trao g i d i phdng dan toe d A n D Q theo diTdng
lo'i bao dgng, bat h d p tac.
S i n h r a t r o n g m p t gia d i n h k h d gid d Tay A n Dp, 6ng t 6 t n g h i ^ p dai hoc
Luat d A n h , sau d6 lam c6' van phap luat cho mpt c6ng ti d N a m P h i , t h a m
sSn l
10
-1917
C^ch mgng xa hoi
Kh6i nghTa vu trang cj
Thanh lap chinh quy§n X6
chu
P§-tc!-rO-grat, t^n c6ng
vig't Nga. Tac dyng to Ifln
Cung dien Mua 06ng.
den
nghTa
thang
Mucji thSng loi
gia nhOng boat dong chong chg' dp phan bipt chung tOc va chu nghia thiTc dan.
Ddu n a m 1915 ong ve niTdc, van dpng cupc daii t r a n h chong thiTc dan A n h . Ong
b i thuc dan A n h b ^ t g i a m h a i l l n vao cac n a m 1922 v a 1930. Sau k h i A n Dp
1918
-1921
Dong Gia-va, con mpt n h a giao. Ong t o t n g h i ^ p dai hoc y khoa. N a m 1927,
172
Bao ve thanh qua Cach
mang thang IVlucJi Nga, giO
X6 ^ nha nuflc cu, danh
thdng thu trong, gi§c
chinh quyen X6 vi§'t, dSp
di/ng
m6i,
cupc chig'n t r a n h h u y n h dp ttfomg t a n giOfa ngUdi H 6 i gi^o va A n Dp giao. Ngay
Xu-eac-n6 s i n h ngay 6 - 6 - 1901 t a i B l i - t a t h a n h ph6' Sa-ra-bay-a thupe
nu6c
Xay
vi§'t.
tOc Ih-d6-n§-xi-a.
each
b6 miy
CuOc dS'u tranh xSy
chinh
- T i l u sur cua Xu-cac-n6 (1901 - 1970), l a n h t u phong t r a o giai phdng dan
trao
manq th§' gifli.
duac t r a irk dpc lap (15 - 8 - 1947) M . Gan-di da tigp tuc d^u t r a n h ngan chan
30 - 1 - 1948, M . Gan- d i b i mpt p h i n tuT phan dpng sat h a i .
phong
bcio vg
quyen
di/ng
nha
dap tan
am miiu chQ'ng pha
each m^ing.
ngoai.
1921
-1941
tan
Lien X6 xSy di^ng
C6ng
nghi§p
hoa
TCf nifflc nOng nghigp lac
chu nghTa xa hpi.
XHCN,
tap
hoa
hau trS thanh cudng quO'c
the
n6ng nghi^p, thi^c hien
cong
hai V& hogch 5 nSm.
nhSna thanh t^u to I6n.
nghiip.
Dgt duoc
173
C S u 2: C a c su! k i ^ n c h i n h c i i a c a c nuftSe tU b a n c h u n g h a tiif n&in 1918
den 193».
* HUang ddn trd Idi:
1918 -1923
i
1924 - 1929
1929 - 1933
Cao trao each mgng 6
chau Au. Khung hoang
kinh t§' chinh trj 6
ph^n I6n c^c nuie W
b§n.
Thdi kl 6'n d.nh va
tang truSng cua CNTB.
Khung ho^ng kinh te
trong thg' gidi TBCN.
*
1933 -1939
Cac ni/6c tU bin tim
cich
thoSt kh6i
khung hoSng.
C a u 3 : T o m tit
Diin *ji€'n chinh
Cao trao each mgng bung
n6, Ian rOng I6n cao 6 DC'c,
Hung, Phap... Ti&u bi§'u la
c&ch mgng d^n chu tu s§n
11 -1918aDiJc.
San xuat tang tru&ng
nhanh. Phong trao c6ng
nhan tgm thcJi l^ng xu6ng.
Kinh tg' suy sgp, cong
nghi^p dinh d6'n, tai
chinh h5n logn.
- C§i each kinh tg', xa
hOi, tieu bieu Ici chinh
sach m6i cua Ml
- Phat xtt hoa gSy chig'n
tranh x^m lU0c (Difc,
l-ta-li-a, Nh^t)
Ke't qui. y nghTa
Cac Dang COng sin va
Qu6c tg' COng sin thanh
i$p vi lanh dgo phong
trio.
Kinh tg' phit trign, tinh
hinh chinh tri 6'n djnh.
Thi't nghigp ting cao, mat
6n djnh chinh trj, miu
thuin xa hOi gay git.
Khung hoing chinh tri.
Vucit qua khung hoing,
kinh tg' phye h6i vi tig'p
tgc phit trig'n.
Nguy CO chig'n tranh,
xui't hign ba 16 lilfa chien
tranh thg' gi6i.
c a c s i / k i ^ n c h i n h d c h a u A tvl n S m 1918 d e n 1945.
C a u 4 : L ^ p b a n g thd'ng k e t h e o m S u s a u d a y v e nhiTng s i t k i # n c h i n h
c u a l i c h sijf t h e g i d i (1917 - 1945)
Thdi gian
mOc Nqa - Lign X6
Thing 2-1917
7 - 1 1 -1917
1918-1920
11921 -1941
Cie na6c khie
1918-1923
1924 -1929
1929 - 1933
1933 - 1939
1939 -1945
* Hudng ddn trd led :
1. a. C M dan chu tif sdn Nga th^ng Idi
b. L a t d6 che dp Nga ho^ng, 2 chinh quyen song song ton tai.
2. a. Cdch mang xa hoi chij nghia thang MiM Nga th^ng lai
b. + L 4 t d6 C h i n h phu l&m thdi tvY san
* Hu&ng ddn trd l.di :
Ni§n d^i
ThSp
nifin 20
S\f kjf n
Phong trao giai phong
din tpc len cao sau
Chien tranh the' gi6i thif
nha't.
Thip
ni§n 30
Phong trao M3t trin
Nhan din chS'ng phat
xit, chong chien tranh.
1939-1945 Chig'n tranh thg' gifli thir
hai.
174
Kg't qui
(b)
SI; kign
(a)
+ T h ^ n h lap nude COng h5a X6 ^'let va Chinh phii X6 viet.
Diin bie'n chinh
- Phong trao din tpc ti/
sdn c6 bi/dc tig'n mar
td Chile, phgm vi.
- Xua't hi^n xu hu6ng v6
san.
Thanh lip iVIit train Din
tgc chong phat xit.
H(?p tic giOa cac Ding
Cong san va cac da/ig
phaikhic.
D\h ra kh^p cac mSt trgn
Tay Au, X6 - OOc, B^c
Phi, chiu A - Thii Blnh
Daong, 72 nadc trong tinh
trgng chig'n tranh,
Ke't qui, y nghTa
Giai cS'p ta sdn ndm
IS'y quy^n lanh dgo
phong trio cich
mgng mOt s6' ni/6c.
Cic Ding Cgng san
thanh lip.
Tgp hpp d6ng dio cac
lye liicing each mang.
Cic Dang Cong san
tri/6ng thanh.
+ X o i bo ch§' dp ngu'cfi b6c lot ngifdi.
I 3. a. Cupc daf'i tranh xay diTng
bao v f chinh quyen X6 viet
b. X a y diftig h ^ thong chinh tri, n h ^ nifdc mdi, ddnh th^ng thu trong
giac ngoii.
4. a. L i e n X6 xSy diftig chii nghia xa hoi.
b. C o n ^ asfhi^p hod xa hpi chu nghia, tap the h6a nong nghiep.
6, a. Cao ttko each mang d chau Au, chau A .
b. B a c g Cpng S a n th^nh ISp, Quo'^c te Cong san ra dcfi.
6. a. Thc(i k i on dinh v a phdt trien cua chu nghia tuf ban.
b. Sinn xuat cong nghif p phdt trien nhanh chong, chinh tri on dinh.
7. a. Cuoc khung hodng kinh te no r a d Ml va Ian kh^p cdc nUdc tu ban.
b. K i n h te giam sut nghiem trong, chinh tri khung hoang.
Chu nghTa phit xit
thi't bgi. 06ng minh
thclng loi.
Lim thay d6i cin ban
cgc di^n thg' gi6i.
8. a. Cdc nude tU ban tim cdch thoat khoi khung hoang.
b. Kh6'i DiJc, I-ta-li-a, Nhait, phdt xit hoa che do chinh tri chu^n bi chien
tranh.
+ Khd'i A n h , Phdp, M i thufc hien cai cdch kinh te chinh tri, duy tri che
iidQ dan chu tu sAn.
I
175
