Tài liệu kinh tế nước Anh British Economy Lecture 5 british economy for ss

BRITISH ECONOMY

BRITISH economy

A

Overview of economy

B

Working life

Revised by Mi Do, Thuy Pham & Hong Nguyen

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BRITISH ECONOMY – OVERVIEW

BRITISH ECONOMY

Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

9
10

Country
United States
China
Japan
Germany
France
United Kingdom
Brazil
Russia
Italy
India

GDP (million of USD)
16,800,000
9,240,270
4,901,530
3,634,823
2,734,949
2,521,381
2,245,673
2,096,777
2,071,307
1,876,797

Source: World Bank (2014)

World

#02
#03

United # 06
Kingdom

N.Y

London

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GDP – composition by sector:
agriculture: 0.7%
industry: 20.5%
services: 78.8% (2013 est.)

Main industries today:





Banking and
finance

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25% of Britain's land is arable;

almost half for meadows and
pastures.
Agriculture is highly mechanized
and extremely productive

Transport
equipment

Steel

Oil and gas

Inflation: 4.5% (2011) – 2.7%(2012)
Interest rate: 4.5%(2011)- 2.8% (2012)
Unemployment rate:
5.1%(2008) –7.8% (2012) –7.2% (2013)

AGRICULTURE

BRITISH ECONOMY – SECTORS


Europe
#01

Tourism

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

~ 2% of the labor force produces
60% percent of the country's food
needs



Sizable fishing industry

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SERVICE

INDUSTRY
Dominated
service-related industries
Export

• Raw materials
• 40% food supplies

21stcentury

banking, insurance, business services

3.5 million
service-related jobs

90s

• Manufactured goods
Import

70s - 80s

3.5 million
manufacturing jobs

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BRITISH ECONOMY

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BRITISH ECONOMY - TRADE

The Great Conurbations










London

West Midlands
Greater Manchester
Merseyside (Liverpool,
Southport, Saint Helens)
Leeds, Bradford &
neighbouring districts
Tyneside-Wearside
South Wales
River Clyde Region
(Scotland)
Belfast Area (Northern
Ireland)

Exports & imports
• Exports

Manufactured
goods

Fuels

Food &
beverages

Chemicals

Tobacco

• Imports
Manufactured

goods

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Machinery

Foodstuffs

One of the leading trading nations in the world

BRITISH ECONOMY - TRADE

BRITISH ECONOMY - TRADE

Exports

Trade Focus

Fuels

Exports: $801.7 billion (2012)
Largest export earner :
Chemical

Export Partners (2012)
Germany
11.3%
US
10.5%
Netherlands

8.8%
France
7.4%
Switzerland
7.1%
Ireland
6.2%
Belgium
5.1%

Imports
Imports: $777.6 billion (2012)

Import Partners (2012)
Germany
12.6%
China
8%
Netherlands
7.5%
US
6.7%
France
5.4%
Belgium
4.4%
Norway
4%

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CIA Word Factbook (2013)

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BRITISH ECONOMY

BRITISH ECONOMY

The Structure
Of Trade & Industry



Economic system: private + public
History:
 1945-1980:

state controlled

 1980s:

1979- 1990

A

Overview of economy

B

Working life

Conservative government gave more freedom to
businessmen
 Privatize companies (share holders)


 1994:

most had been privatized
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BRITISH ECONOMY – WORKING LIFE

BRITISH ECONOMY

Shopping as a way of
spending money

Attitude to work
Lack of enthusiasm for work
+ Leisure = a sign of aristocracy
+ Non-manual job = sign of middle-class
+ Working day: starts late (8 a.m. for manual
jobs and 9 a.m. for non-manual ones)

Industrious
 High earnings are more important than job
satisfaction


Now, weaker connection between
middle class and non-manual work



Not adventurous shoppers
(like reliability + brand-name
goods)

 Late 20th cent.:
Supermarkets

moved out of town
streets (area in town where shops concentrate) still
survive
 Shop opening hours: 9a.m. (On Sundays, large shops +
supermarkets: until 5p.m)
High

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“Not only are we, in the words of Napoleon, 'a
nation of shopkeepers', we are also a country
of compulsive shoppers. We love to shop! It is
our number one leisure activity and accounts

for around 37% of all money spent in England.”

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BRITISH ECONOMY – WORKING LIFE

Working in Britain
Usual working day: 9 a.m. – 5 p.m.
Usual working week: a five-day week
 Averagely the longest of any country in
Europe



UK National Minimum Wage

Harrod’s, the most famous department
store in England that all visitors want to
visit. Here you can find anything, from
the cheapest to the most expensive
things
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Year

21 and
over

18 to 20 Under 18

Apprentice*

2014 (current
rate)

£6.50

£5.13

£3.79

£2.73

2012

£6.19

£4.98

£3.68

£2.65

2010

£5.93

£4.92

£3.64

£2.50

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BRITISH ECONOMY – WORKING LIFE

BRITISH ECONOMY – WORKING LIFE

UK employment law

Transport



 Holidays

one of the

most
expensive

5 hrs/ Sat.

5hrs/weekday

Max. 25hrs/

week

 Schooldays

places to live
in

Accommodation

Legal working age: 13
Under-15s:

2hrs/ Sun.

2hrs/ schoolday

 Over-15s:
8hrs/ Sat.

LONDON LIVING WAGE

8hrs/ weekday

Max. 35hrs/
week

£8.80/hr
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BRITISH ECONOMY – WORKING LIFE

Jobs for Teenagers


Kinds of jobs:
•
•
•
•





Delivering newspaper
Babysitting
Helping the milkman on his round
Other jobs: Working in a shop, working in a
hairdresser’s, office work, washing cars, working
in a café or restaurant, domestic work in hotels

Work permit required
Wage: up to £3.00/ hr
Workers under 16: not entitled to National
Minimum Wage

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1. British people can start work at the age of 16.
2. On average, men in Britain work 40 hours a week.

3. Women usually retire when they are 60.
4. Today more and more people work in offices and with
computers.
5. London is the most important financial center in the world.
6. Retailing is an important industry today.
7. Most of the top ten retailers in
Europe are British.
8. Hi-tech industries are important
today.
9. Most British people get 30 days
holiday a year.
10. There are ten public holidays
a year in Britain.

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Economy - review


Terms to explain:

GDP, Pound Sterling, privatization, National minimum wage, work
permit, paid holiday, brand-name product, high streets


Questions

1. What are the indicators to show that Britain has a strong economy?

2. What challenges is the UK economy facing? (search the Internet for
more information)
Economic Structure
3. What are the main economic sectors and their contribution to
Britain’s GDP?
4. Why is Britain’s agriculture said to be extremely productive? What
are the reasons for this productivity?
5. Why is the service sector said to have dominated UK’ economy?
6. How has the shift from manufacturing to service affected regional
economies in the UK?

Economy - review
Trade in the UK
7. What are the main imports and exports of Britain? Which
one is the largest export earner?
8. Which countries are the main trading partners of Britain?
9. How has Great Britain’s trade focus changed recently?
Structure of Trade and Industry
10. What changes happened in the structure of trade and
industry in the UK during the last half of the 20th century?
Working life
11. What are the attitudes of British people to work?
12. How do British people shop?
13. Find in the section of Working in Britain about the
following issues:



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


Typical working day
Wage
Employment law toward children
Kind of jobs teenagers can do

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