C 25 01 gioi thieu ve ankan

Chú ý

1
nH2n+2

1. Các ankan : CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10
2
4).

1
1

2
1

3
1

4
2

5
3

6
5

7
9

8 9 10

18 35 75

1–C3)

1
•

chính

VD1:
•

5

5,

C4, C3.

2

1


VD2:

6H14.

1
C6
•

6,

C5, C4.

6

1

C—C—C—C—C—C
•

5
1

C—C—C—C—C

+C1

2

C
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

C—C—C—C—C
C—C—C—C—C

+C1

3

C
•

4
2

1

2

+C2

C—C

C—C—C—C

C—C—C—C

C—C—C—C—C
chính là

C
3
1.

4

+2C

1

C—C—C—C
C

4

C

C—C—C—C

C—C—C—C

5

C
2
là C6H14 hay không.
2


2

VD3:
CH3—CH—CH2—CH3
CH3

1

6H14

A) 3.

B) 4.

C) 5.

là
D) 6.

2

7H16

A) 1.
3
(A)

B) 3.

C) 5.

D) 9.

(B)

CH3

CH3
CH3—C—CH2—CH—CH—CH3

CH3—CH2—C—CH2—CH3

CH3

CH3
(C)

là

CH3 CH3

CH3
CH3—CH2—C—CH2—CH—CH—CH2—CH3
CH3

CH3 CH3

4
A)
C)

B)
D)

5

6H14

A) 1.
6

B) 2.

C) 3.

D) 4.
8H18

3


7
Chú ý
(A) VD4: CH3—CH—CH2—CH2—CH3
CH3
(B) CH3—CH—CH—CH2—CH3
CH3 CH3

(C)

CH3—CH—CH—CH2—CH3

CH3 CH2—CH3

(D)

CH3—CH—CH—CH3
CH3 CH2
CH3
CH2—CH2—CH3

(E)

CH3—CH—CH—CH2—CH3
CH2—CH3

VD5:
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

CH3—CH—CH2—CH3
(e)

CH3

cacbon (a), (e)

8

(A) – (E)

4


3

Danh pháp ankan

1

CTPT
CH4

CTCT
CH4

2

C2H6

CH3CH3

3

C3H8

CH3CH2CH3

4

C4H10

CH3(CH2)2CH3

butan

bón

5

C5H12

CH3(CH2)3CH3

pentan

phân

6

C6H14

CH3(CH2)4CH3

hexan

hóa

7

C7H16

CH3(CH2)5CH3

heptan

8

C8H18

CH3(CH2)6CH3

octan

9

C9H20

CH3(CH2)7CH3

nonan

10

C10H22

CH3(CH2)8CH3

metan
etan

em

propan

ngoài

"yl".
VD: C2H6

2H5

là etyl.

ANKAN
phân nhánh

1
2

3

(2); tri

tetra

tên nhánh.

4

5


•
•
•

","
"–".

VD6:
CH3—CH—CH—CH3
CH3 CH2—CH3
1
CH3—CH—CH—CH3
CH3 CH2—CH3

5C

2
1

2

3

CH3—CH—CH—CH3

CH3 CH2—CH3
4

5

3
2,3
4

2,3

3—CH—

hay (CH3)2CH–

CH3
CH3
3—C—

hay (CH3)3C—

CH3
CH3
VD7: Ankan CH3—C—CH3

2,2

neopentan

CH3

6


9
Chú ý

(a)

CH3—CH—CH2—CH2—CH3
CH3

2H5

metyl (CH3

(b) CH3—CH—CH—CH2—CH3
CH3 CH3

(c)

CH3—CH—CH—CH2—CH3
CH3 CH2—CH3

(d)

CH3—CH—CH—CH3
CH3 CH2
CH3
CH2—CH2—CH3

(e)

CH3—CH—CH—CH2—CH3
CH2—CH3

A
(a) 2–metylpropan.
(b) neopentan.
(c) 2,3
(d) 2,2
(e) 3–etylpentan.
(f) 3–etyl–4–metylheptan.
B
(a) 4–etyl–2,3,3–trimetylheptan.
(b) 3,5
C

không
A) 2,3
C)

B) 2–metylpropan.
D)

7


VD7:

theo danh pháp IUPAC.

nH2n+2.

– %C = 16,67 (%)

n : (2n 2)

n
2n 2

83,33 %
16,67 %
:
12
1
1
n 5
2, 4

6,94 : 16,67

1 : 2, 4

5H12

CH3
CH3—C—CH3

:

2,2

CH3

D

E

C

: mH = 36 : 7. Y không có cacbon

8


4
C—C và C—H không phân

Ankan C1 – C4

Ankan C5 – C18

19

ankan.

0,8 gam/ml.

ANKAN khí (C1 – C4)
5

– C18)

18)

F
X theo danh pháp IUPAC.
G

9


Câu
1

C

2

A

3
4

D

5

C

Câu

9
A
B
C

D

D
E
F
G

6
7
8
3
CH3
IV

CH3
IV

II

CH3—CH2—C—CH2—CH3

III

III

CH3—C—CH2—CH—CH—CH3

CH3

CH3

CH3 CH3

CH3
IV

III

II

CH3—CH2—C—CH2—CH—CH—CH2—CH3
CH3

CH3 CH3

6 (CH3)3C–C(CH3)3
7

5C

5C

CH3–CH—CH–CH2–CH3

CH3–CH—CH–CH2–CH3

CH3 CH3

CH3 CH2—CH3
CH2–CH2–CH3

CH3–CH—CH–CH3
CH3 CH2

CH3–CH–CH–CH2–CH3

CH3
5C
8
9 (a) 2–metylpentan.
(c) 3–etyl–2–metylpentan.
(e) 4–etyl–3–metylheptan.

7C

CH2–CH3

(

b) 2,3
(d) 2,3

10

A
CH3–CH–CH3

3)3CH

CH3
3)4C

CH3
CH3–C–CH3
CH3
(c) (CH3)2CH–CH(CH3)2
(d) (CH3)3C–CH2CH3
(e) CH3CH2–CH–CH2CH3
CH3

(f) CH3CH2–CH—CH2CH2CH3
CH3 CH3
B
CH3 CH3 CH2—CH3
(a) CH3–CH—C—CH—CH3
CH3
CH3 CH2CH3

CH2CH3

(b) CH3–CH—C—CH2—CH–CH2–CH2–CH3
CH3
D C4H10
E C6H14

F (CH3)3CH
G

11