Singapore and Malacca Strait Regulations (Part 1 background and guidance)

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Buoy Tender 'KN Jadoyot' (Courtesy Nippon Foundofion)

effori expended in hydrogrophic surueys of the srroirs. rogether wirh experi wreck
ossessmenr,
L:i:-Irt^b":: l":ento,much
sofer ploce lhon,ii used to be with respect to.position keeping ond knowledge o[
under*ote.
l^T119^t^"
:*:l-,ty the increosing.size cnd, number,of ships poses
oongers
Nevertheless,
ever-present ond requiring wotchkeeping stondords of the hiqhest orde

problems, wiih ihe;isks of collisioi ond grounding
r.

Some pertinent siotistics will put some perspective on the oroblems:
The distonce through the portion of the Stroits within the TSS is obout
265 miles
the conholling depth in the eostbound lone ot Buffolo Rock is 22.7
m ond r 6 m wesrbound
poinrs include one Forhom Bonk (oFB) Goor posr beocons ot t,aOo m, rqkong
beocons or
:lTglr:ll?fh.k"
duu m ond the westbound lone in the Singopore Stroit oi 530 m
the officiol rules for rhe srroirs require o.3'rz'm UKC fo,. ;hip;;iouu. r5 m in

drought ond
ships corrying hozordous corgoes should opply o rirnilor. t5L.on.u
ot Eostern Bonk outhorities recommend o 4 m UKC ollowonce.

'
.

The lost moior.improvement to.novigotionol focilities in the Stroits took ploce
in the lote I 99Os ond included o number
n"f nquls"tiolol oids corelully positioned to demorcote the revised TSS. The improvements
9t,
extended the TSS ond
rntroduced StrqitRep, with continuo_us rodor coveroge ond sofety odvisories. Other
improuements
ot the time included
DGPS, continuous shore-bosed vHF listening worch -ond speed limits for
certoin or"or. ih" TSS itseliwos otro i''jror"J
to include Deep,Woter routes in criticol oreo-s. Rodor surveillonce .t tt'r" si-itr
r"a r"'i"'y
r"rr"ges to shipping
commenced with the inhoduction of the,stroiiRep WS. These
"a'iJ"iif:;
improvemeni of
novigoiion in the Stroits, os reduced qccident stotiirics hove sho-n

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Joponese finonciol conhibution to novigolionol qids in the oreo hos been significont ond, os the for eosiern economies
of Koreo ond Chino continue to grow, oiher noiions now contribufe. Todoy the oim is io hove on inclusive opprooch

to ihe Stroits, mointoining the woterwoy os one freely open to world shipping. By befter ensuring the sofety o{ the
Stroits, oll concerned hope to minimise occidenls ond ollo- unimpeded hoffic flow. The porlies contribufing to the
elfori include the shipping industry, the liitorol stotes ond the mojor user noiions, with Jopon, Koreq ond Chino ot the
forefront. The effort to improve sofety is multi-functionol ond multi-notionol. ln 2007 o mojor diplomotic meeting held
in Singopore sow, for the first time, internoiionol ogreement bringing into effect UNCLOS orticle 43*. The meeting
olso so- ogreement providing o mechonism for future cooperotion within o newly formed Cooperotion Forum.
The MEH is o proiect run under the ouspices of IMO thot seeks io integrote oll novigotionol informotion, including reol-time
troflic conditions, to befier monoge troffic in the Stroiis. li is on ongoing proieci heodquortered ot Botom lslond (lndonesio)

ond, ouer the next few yeors, most ships tronsiiing the Stroits will form o port of the triol phose. lntegrotion will include o
new hydrogrophic survey of the TSS to produce seomless elecironic choris for the whole trock.

o morine informoiion ond infrostructure system iniegroting stote of the ort morine novigotionol technologies,
of which ENCs ond ECDIS ore the bockbone. The MEH system will provide vitol morine in{ormolion, such os tides ond
currents, to ships in reol-time, ollowing integroted digitol electronic novigotion. This will enoble occurote novigotion for

The MEH is

every ship, which will in turn significontly improve novigotionol sofety.

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Data

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SUN4ATERA

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50 101t r5u 200

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INDONESIA

(iom-"lres

'Ariicle {3 - Novigoiioncl ond sofety cids ond other improvements ond the prevention, reduction ond conirol of po luiion
User Siotes and Stotes borderlng o siroit should by ogreement cooperoie:
io) n the esbblishment ond mointenonce in o srroit o{ necessory novigotionc ond sofety oids or other improvemenis in oid of iniernotionol novigotion; ond
ib) for ihe prevention, reduction ond conirol of pollution from ships.


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Speciol lssues

From both ihe ship monogement viewpoint ond from the perspective of the Shipmoster, there ore points orising [rom
recommendolions in this publicotion thol require speciol ottention. When quidonce is qiven, difficulties con oiire in
specifying feotures thot moy olreody oppeor or differ to o procedure.in.the shipt Sofety Moiogement System. The primory
issues tor speciol ottention ond upgrode of the Possoge Notes provided in Pqrt 2 ore os follo*s:
Bridge monning levels for the possoge through the Stroits
engine monning levels for the possoge through ihe Strqits
opplicotion of speed controls {see Annex I )
speciol novigotion for bunkering, storing ond crew chonges off Singopore
troining in bridge teomwork
speciol issues reloting to ECDIS.

L3.1

Bridge Monning levels

The Possoge Noies mention strengthening of the bridge teom for:
Possoges of high hoffic densify

oreos requiring o high degree of teomwork.
The Moloccc ond Singopore Stroiis eoch meet both criterio ond so demond speciol ottention to bridge monning levels.
Therefore, th.e,ship monogers procedures (lSM Code) should determine bridge monning levels for the Sloirs. AccJrdingly,
discussion oF this is omitted from this guide.

Whotever monning system opplies, fogether with suitoble experience ond troining, it is essentiol thot oll teom members ore
fully owore of their duties ond thot cross checking of octions is on integrol port oT the novigoiion.
Considerotion should be given io the need for o helmsmon.

1.3.2
\

Engine Room Monning Levels

I

The rules specified ot Annex (see Rule 8) require oll vessels to mointoin o sofe speed oi oll times ond to hove moximum
stote of monoeuvring reodiness. To comply, the engine room should be on stondty conditions ihrouqhout the Stroits bui
monning levels in the engine room will depend on the engine control system fitted. '

Ships without bridge control
musl hove the engine room monned ot oll times

ships with bridge conrrol
must hqve.monqgement policies (under the ISM Code) describing engine room monning in the circumstonces. For
instonce, the procedures should specify when the enqine room should be monned.

I.3.3

Speed of VLCCs ond Deep Drought Vessels

VLCCs ond deep drought vessels novigoting in the Siroits of Molocco ond Sinoopore sholl, qs for os
procticoble, proceed ot o speed of not more ihon 12 knots over the ground in the flllowing oreos:

ii

is sofe ond

(o) At One Foihom Bonk troffic seporotion scheme

(b) Deep woter routes in the Phillip Chonnel ond in lhe Singopore Stroit
(c) w.estbo-und 1one1!elw99n posirions 01 "'t 2.51

0l"l Ll3'N,

(Refer to Annex

'N, 't 03'52. I 5'E ond

0t"I

L59'N, I 03'50.21

103'49.08'E ond 0]"08.65'N,103"r'r'.30'E

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Rules for Vessels Novigoting through the Stroits of Molocco ond Singopore)

'E ond berween posirion


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.3.4

Use

of Engines

ol 2006 noles thot speed odiustment is infrequently used for collision ovoidonce, yei ohen oppeors
vitol for locol sofety. lt recommends thot greoter use is mode of this fociliiy for collision ovoidonce. Shipmosters should
ensure thot oll OOWs ore prepored lo use the engines.
The MPA circulor 20

L3.5

Storing in Tronsit

-1

--1

Ships frequently coll ot or off Singopore for sfores, bunkers or crew chonges. However, close quorter situotions con orise if
they ore sloring in the troffic lones, especiolly between ihe Nipo onchoroge ond Botu Berhonti. Generolly Singopore WS
does not recommend storing 'Off Port Limits' (OPL), recommending only port entry. However, the following procedures ore
commonly procticed.

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Eostbound:

'lO4'E),
An eostbound proctice is to rendezvous OPL to the south-eost of Chongi (oher longitude
keeping
well to the south of the centreline of $e lone. Eostbound tonkers ore normolly in the looded condition, ond
course olterotion ocross the lones into Singopore is unwise. Deviotions while looded moy require speciol
qgreement under the terms of lhe chorler porty or bill of loding, where voyoges must be occomplished
without deviotion ond with utmost dispotch.

Westbound:

Westbound storing OPL offords limited seo room ond oppeors difficult. Locol odvice from ogencies
indicotes thot some westbound ships toke stores off Chongi before becoming too closely involved with
the high density troffic off southern Singopore. Alternotively, o less sotisfoctory storing oreo is reported
off Nipo beocon or onchoroge is sought within port limhs. For gos corriers the primory onchoroge is ot
ALGAS, close to Sulton Shool, which is olso used for storing. For port enfry lo ALGAS o pilot is required
ond full port dues ore poyoble*. Gos corriers entering Singopore must reloy their in-port progromme to
the Port Operotions Control Centre (POCC), providing detoils of eoch horbour movement, ond here ogents

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Storing procedures should be ogreed with locol ogents well in odvonce of orrivol, poying porticulor
respect to the timing of the operotion qnd its locoiion.

l 3.6

SingoporeAnchoroges

There ore some 90,000 ship movements in ihe Singopore Stroits in o yeor ond fhere ore opproximotely 400-500 ships ot
onchor on ony one doy, with oll of the onchoroges being heovily utilised. While ot onchor, the ships perlorm o voriety of
octivities such os toking stores, looding bunkers, owoiting orders, undergoing mointenqnce ond repoiri/off-hire or *oiiing
to enter shipyords. More thcn 957. of the ships stoy for less thon lO doyi. Movemenls in ond oround the onchorogei

require extreme coution ond coreful plonning.
There ore 3y' onchoroges oround the port oreo of Singopore. An A3 fold-out chori showing the locotion ond purpose of

eoch onchoroge oreo is ovoiloble in Annex y'.
Some onchoroges in the Eqst ond West of Singopore ore height reslricied oreos. Mqsters ore to check with locol ogents
regording the use of these onchoroges wifh respect to their oir droft.

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+ with ALGAS
overcrowded gos corriers moy be red;rected to (o) ASUBA/ASUBB if bunkering, (b) AMFR, or (c) ASSPU,/ASH see chort 5502 for onchorage
obbrevictions ond detoils. These oddiiionol onchoroges ore more likely to be used if ihe ship h bunkering, ottrocting reduced port costs.


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1.3.7

Off Port limit Anchoroges

(OPL) Singopore

There ore two OPL onchoroges off Singopore port limits. To the west of Singopore, in the oreo of Toniung Pelepos, ihere
is the Wesiern OPL Anchoroge. To ihe eost of Singopore, between Johor Shool buoy ond the entronce io ihe Johor Stroit,
there is the Eostern OPL Anchoroge.

While mony ships hove sot quietly ot these onchoroges for extended periods of time, there hove been reports of on
increose in investigotions by the Moloysion Morine Deportment (MMD), porticulorly involving vessels engoged in bunkering
octivities. As_Moloysion regulotions permit the investigction of vessels involved in operotions such os 6unkering ond ship
io ship honsfers, ships should confirm their octions before corrying out such operotions in oreos thot they moy-believe to
be rn rniernotionarl woters

ln these OPL oreos in porticulor, becouse of the proximity of other counfries, it is generolly occepted thot the Port Limil {3
miles) is used in lieu of the normol I 2 mile limit of territoriol boundories defined by UNCLOS. However, there ore o number
of inslonces where I2 miles hove been cloimed by the locol outhorities to enoble bunker ond STS operolions to foll under
their control. You should exercise coution ond diligence os lhese misinterpretotions con leod to costly ond time consuming
investigotions, detentions ond fines.

1.3.8

Ship to Ship Tronsfer of Bunkers

Ship io Ship {STS) tronsfers by port limit tonkers ore only permitted oi the Tuos Petroleum Holding Anchoroge ond Eostern
Peholeum B Anchoroge. At ony time, noi more thon 2 port limit tonkers ore permi ed io tie olongside eocli other All STS
ironsfers must be qpproued by the Port Moster, MPA. For further informotion, see Annex '10.


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L3.9

Troining in Bridge Teomwork

Bridge teom monogement ond bridge resource monogement ore two seporote subiects ond ore lought os seporofe
courses. Bridge teom monogement covers the preporofion ond implementotion of o possoge plon os well os troining in ihe
skills requireJ. lt is normolly corried out on o bridge simulotor. Bridge resource monogement focuses on o psychologicol
opprooch, oiming to ovoid occidents by improving effeclive interoction wiihin the teom.

r.3.r0

GPs

ln Moy 2002 the downgroding of GPS signols for non-militory use *os removed ond overnight row GPS improved
positionol occurocy io be-tween-15 to 25 m, bosed on the locotion of the receiving oeriol. The provision of DGPS in the
Skoits by the littorol stotes further enhonces occurocy to l0 m. lt is likely thot, given the quolity ol chorfing ond the occurocy
o{ novigotion, eiiher occurocy is suited to the novigoiion of merchont ships in the Siroits.

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Onboord GPS doto is usuolly provided from ot leost two units, ollowing for cross-checking. The integrity of ihe GPS signols
con olso be improved by differentiol correction from sotellite systems such os WAAS/EGNOS providing on oliernotive
checking locility to terrestriol-bosed DGPS.
Toble 1 provides the stoius of British Admirolty poper chorts with regord to plotting GPS positions on the siondord poper
chorts, os oi end 20'10.

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1358

One Fothom Bonk to Singopore

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Plotting lnlormolion

Scole

Not used for deioiled novigotion

500,000

Singopore Stroit ond Eostern
Approoches

WGS Positions ore plotted directly
on this chort

200,000

383r

Singopore Skoit Eostern Port

WGS Positions ore plotted directly
on this chori

7s,000

3833

Singopore Stroit Western Port

WGS Positions ore plotted directly
on this chori

25,000

3940

One Fothom Bonk Troffic

Before plotting odjust Lot 0.01'N

80,000

Seporotion Scheme

Long 0.08'E

Port Klong to Meloko

Before plofting odiust Lot 0.01'N

Stroit

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GPS

3946

200,000

Long 0.09'E

3947

Meloko to Singopore

Before plotting odiust Lot 0.01'N

200,000

Long O.'l O'E

4039

Western Approoches io Moin Stroit

WGS Positions ore plotted directly
on ihis chort

30,000

4040

Tuos View to St John's lslond

WGS Positions ore plotted directly
on ihis chort

30,000

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4041

Pulou Seborok to Chongi

WGS Posiiions ore plotted directly
on this chort

30,000

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4042

Chongi to Pulou Mungging

WGS Positions ore plotted directly
on this chort

30,000

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British Admiroliy Choris Stqlus ol End 2010


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1.3.1I lntegroied Bridge

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Sysrems (lBS)

IBS is o combinotion,of syslems ollowing cenkolised
monitoring ond control of operorions such os possoge execution,
communicotions, mochinery conhol, sofety ond,securii'y. Ho-evei
there ir no."ntroid"Jinlia" .i
tor IBS ond so one mqnufocturer's system moy differ significonrly irom
thot of onoiher.
,i;rld E"
closs nototion thot is opplied ro rheii ship
ill;, ."sord"1us NaVt i."rn il.yari

Li'i"'"o." ho_ rh" ,yrru,
is expected to perform, whot ii con do ond whot-it ionnot
Jo. Typicolly on icors *iii li"
the lBS,s novioorion
runcrron rnrs usuollv rncludes o roule plonning focility thoi is occessible seporotely
"itr-'" novigotion
"r tosks. Troin'ing
for current
in
the use of IBS is recommended.

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1.3.12 Electronic Mopping
Electronic mopping moy toke ploce on on ARPA or on on ECDIS, however,
whichever is used, it
woypoint positions ond other monuolly inserted dolo is occurote.

is

virol to double check thot

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1.3.13 Ats
WS in Singopore worn

oJ the following possible erroneous informotion, os disployed:
Incorrecl set-up of stotic doto such os MMSI number, vessel dimensions.i..

-li.f,t

moy hove been incorrectly set

omissions by the crew in. updoting voyoge reloted doto such os destinotion,
ETA ond chonges in novigotionol stotus
incorrect processing ond ironsmiision oI some dynomic doto, such
o"; ,p;;J fY.,n
fri",.
to tronsmission.

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Further points on Als include its usefulness os o.novigorion oid,
porticulor ship moy be held offshore owoiiing o pit.r d."ii"r;"g
usetul clues os to future course ond

exomple *hen opprooching singopore, where o
communicotion helps to identify the ship, providing

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hs

speed. "

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lJse

of VHF Chonn"t, ot-i.o) ,"f"r,

o *" f-[f
'Becouse
",

5rngopore believes ihot, in iis experience, such incidents ore ovoidoble.
dongers in lhe use of VHF communicotion:
' Unceriointv over the identify of uessels- v(AlSv iiigl
mov vrvrlvrrre
overcome this), especiolly

'
I .3.1

5

of this they reiterote the following

during dorkness, poor visibility, ond
when there is more Aon on! u"r,"i-uncertointy over messqqe interprelotion
to longuoge difficulties ond imprecise or ombiquous descriptions
,due
loss of voluoble time in irying to estoblish
.onro.r o"n vili
wirh rhe
Collision Regulotions
the donger in,ogreeing io o course of oction thol does
not comply with rhe Collision Regulotions, resulting in o
m isu nderstond ing.

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Exomple Tidol Window Cqlculorion

For,deep drought vessels, porticulorly eostbound, ihe tronsit
iime of shollow oreos oround one Fothom Bonk, Buffolo Rock
ond the oreo to the eost of the Horsburgh lighthouse mrst [e

;il;

Exomple:

A vessel with odrouoht20.5 m thot will poss over the 22.7 nchorted
depih (01" 22.g,N l03. 47.1,E)west ol Buffolo
iisins tide r 8ih r"t i0ii , ;1";;;-J(
1: ,,,i["',"i"i"]""i,

;

lfifr.ll^" '".'"s

Height obove chort dotum

Drought
Avoiloble UKC
Required UKC
Required heighr of ride

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led to the following comments ond recommendotions on the use
of VHF:
lnvestrgotrons hove shown ihot vHF communicolion is o contributing
foctor in mony
collisions. ln mony ,VHF ossisted,
"
''
collisions, communicoiion between bridges ho..ruot"a
'VHF' ossisted collisions ond neor missles ore not uncommon ot
seo. T"he lMo tokes o serious view of this ond
,proper
Resolution

A 9.54(23,)

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1.3.14 VHF Communicotion ond Collision Avoidonce
A decode ofexp-erience ot Singopore

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20.5

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2.2

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3.5

m

m

1.3 m

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'"Jia,*"q,,.," "

heishr of ride

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The times of high ond low woter for Roffles Lighthouse (secondory port) ore os follows:

17 luly 2O11

Low
l8 July 201
Hish
Low

Hish
Low

I

18:55

0.9

m

00:42

08:1 4
3:55
19:28

3.'l

m

'l

0.4 m
2.5 m
0.9 m

Using the Admirolty TotolTide (ATT) product, the colculoted tidol window for the vessel to tronsit the oreo west of Buffolo
Rock, while mointoining o UKC of 3.5 m, is between l0:y'6hrs ond l7:24hrs locol time.

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Figure 1 - Extrocl from fololTide
@ British Crown Copyrighi, 201

l, All

rights reserved.

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Figure 2 - Close up o{ Tololfide screen
O British Crown Copyright, 201

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All rights reserved.

1.3.16 Visuol ond Rocon Novigotionol Aids
The primory oids, both visuol ond Rocon, identified by the three littorol slotes ore shown in Toble 2.

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LLLLL----

t-

The odditionol lights, denoted with odditionol lower cose leters, ore other useful oids mentioned in the Possoge Notes. The

oids without position ore buoys.

ll


I Bockground

Port

ond Guidonc@

Nome

€

Type

Lol

Long

N

E

tighl
Rocon

Ghoroclerislic

Ronge(M)

W l5

t5

I

Tompok Utoro

Light Beocon

1'27.75 104" 27.03

None

Fl (3)

2

Horsburgh

Lighthouse

r'

19.81

104'24.32

o

Fl

W lO

3

Pulou Mungging

Light Beocon

1'

21 .73

104'17.89

N

Fl

W3sec

l5

3o

Chongi (Novol Bose)

Light Beocon

1" 19.14

104'02.07

None

Fl

{3) 15

sec

t5

Light Beocon

t'

r

03' 59.36

None

Fl

W l7:

sec

Jb

Chongi Airport Control
Tower

21.55

W8

sec

20

sec

't0

4

Pulou Nongso

Lighthouse

1' 12.12 104'04.60

None

LFI

5

Bedok

Lighthouse

t'

03' 55.96

None

Fl

W5sec

20

5o

Pulou Seborok

Light Beocon

t'1t.84

103" 48.36

None

Fl

R5sec

t0

6

Botu Berhonti

Light Beocon

|'

B

Fl

WSsec

t3

Light Buoy

1' I 1.80 103' 52.05

None

Fl (2)

W5sec

21/2 sec

7

Botu Berhonti (Deep

drought route)

18.5r'

r

I 1.09 103' 52.99

7o

Pulou Sokijong Pelepoh Light Beocon

l'13.30 103' 51 .27

None

Flw

8

Buffolo Rock

Light Beocon

t'

Light Buoy

I

09.43

r

03' 48.83

K

ow

' 09.90

r

03' r'8.01

None

Fl (2)

20

sec

t5
t3

\
9

Buffolo Rock (Deep

drought route)

l0

Helen Mor

Light Beocon

1'07.44 103' 46.51

ll

Roffles

Lighthouse

1' 09.61

12

North Nipo

Resilient Lighi Bn.

t3

Nipo Reef

14

t5

Fl

W5sec
t3

W6sec

o

Fl (3)

1'10.26 103" 39.7 s

None

aw

Light Beocon

1'09.17

r

N

Fl

Tokong Kecil

Lighthouse

r'

06.3r

'103'

None

Fl (2)

Tokong

Resilient Light Bn.

I'

05.90

103 43.25

TK

Q(6)+LFl 15sec

None

Fl {2) 5 sec

K

Fl (2)

103'44.45

03' 39.37

r'3.l4

W 20

sec

20

il

W3

t3

sec

WR

I O sec

18

9

l6

Tokong (Deep drought

17

Sulton Shool

Lighthouse

|

t8

Pulou Jongkot

Lighthouse

0' 57.99 I03' 42.53

None

Fl

W5sec

l8

l9

Pulou Culo

Light Beocon

1'02.40

None

FI

3W

12

route)

Light Buoy

'

14.38

103'38.88

1C3 42.69

Toble 2 - Visuol ond Rocon Novigotionol Aids

12

W

15 sec

15 sec

20


L
l-

Port

I Bockground
ond Guidonc@

l-----r

l_l---J

t_
t----/

l_
t--t

Ndme

1_
l-----J

l_
l_
l_
L:

Long

Ldt
N

Type

E

tight
Rocon

Ghoroclerislic

Ronge(M)

l6

W3sec

20

Toniung Pioi

Light Beocon

r03'30.57

21

Pulou lyu Kecil

Light Beocon

1' 11.46 103' 21.12

None

Fl (3)

Pulou Pisong

Lighthouse

l'28.16 103'r5.35

None

Fl

IJ

Mudoh Seloton

Light Beocon

t'25.10 r03" |.10

o

Fl (3)

24

Poniong Seloton {Long
Bonk South)

Light Beocon

l'

103' 07.80

None

Fl

IJ

Mudoh Utoro

Light Beocon

102 57.1

None

Fl 12)

W6

26

Poniong Utoro (Long
Bonk North)

Light Buoy

None

Fl (2)

W l0

sec

27

Bukit Segenting

Lighthouse

t'47.5

102'53.4

None

Fl (4)

W 30

sec

28

Toniung Tohor

Lighthouse

1'50.7

102'42.3

None

l-l

W5

sec

IJ

L---.l

29

Toniung Porit

Lighthouse

1' 3r.50

102'26.10

None

Fl

W5sec

l8

t---t

30

Bengkolis {Gosong

Resilient Lighi Bn.

1'42.58

102'24.18

K

Fl

W3sec

12

l--.-J

l------J

L----J
l-"-J

Ll-----J

l_
ll_
L:
l----r
l_
t_t_
L:
l_ll--J

l-----J
l--J

l----r

Clork

SE)

1" 37.2

W l5

W l0

sec

18

sec

20

W 15sec

16

l5

W5sec
sec

15

23

3t

Pulou Undqn

Lighthouse

2'02.9

102'20.1

None

Fl (2)

W

15 sec

l8

32

Rob Roy Bonk

Light Beocon

1' 5r'.51

r02'03.01

N

Fl (2)

W 10 sec

t3

JJ

Roleigh Shool

Light Beocon

2'06.78

r

0r " 53.06

o

Fl {2)

W6

13

34

Toniung Medong

Lighthouse

2

r

0r'

39.36

None

Fl

101

' 5t .2

None

Fl (3)

W l5

Light Buoy

None

Fl {2}

W5

Light Buoy

None

Q (3) W 10 sec

Light Buoy

None

Fl (2)

None

Fl

c

OW

None

Fl (2)

l-.r

l:
Ll-

23.50

Fl

t---,

07.46

W l0

sec

t9

sec

l----r

l_t---,

L:

35

36

Cope Rochodo
(Tonjung Tuon)

TM Buoy (Deep

drought route)

Lighthouse

2' 24.4

sec

23

sec

l-----Jl

Ll-----r

L:
l--ta

L_l----g

t_f--tr
l_l-.--ra
t_l---ra
L_L_-

t-

37

Pyromid Shool
(South-eost)

37o

furomid Shool

?a

Toniung Gobong

Light Beocon

2'

39

Sepot

Resilient Light Bn.

z -7J O/

40

Gosong Posir

Light Buoy

(centrol reservotion)

40.90

Toble 2 (Cont.)
13

r

0r ' 29.00

t0t'23.36

W 10 sec

W4sec

16

ll
W l0

sec


I Bockground

Port

ond Guidonc@

E

Long

N

E

Nome

Type

A1

Bukit Jugro

Lighthouse

2'

42

Toniung Rhu (Pulou
Corey)

Light Beocon

€
:.-

43

:-

One Fothom Bonk
(Permotong Sedepo)

'

25.1

None

Fl

W l0

2'50.3

l0l '

17.0

None

Fl

W5sec

Lighthouse

2'53.31

100' 59.72

o

Fl (4)

50.1

101

One Fothom Bonk
{South Gool Post)

Resilient Light Bn.

2

48.66

100'56.r'9

45

One Fothom Bonk
(North Gool Post)

Resilient Light Bn.

2" 49.35

r00' 56.20

Resilient Light Bn.

2

r00' 53.84

47

48

One Fothom Bonk

(sw)
One Fothom Bonk
(Centrol)

One Fothom Bonk
{North-west)

tighl
Rocon

Choroclerislic

44

46

\

Lql

Light Buoy

48.80

2'55.0

1

00' 50.90

Light Buoy

48o

Botu Mondi

Light Beocon

r'8b

Pulou Jemur

Lighthouse

2
2'

None

24

sec

W 20

Ronge(M)

15

sec

l,t

QW

1l

a (6)+LFl W
l5 sec

12

l0

ll

Fl Y

sec

None

Fl (4) Y 10 sec

None

Va (6)+LFl
l0 sec

52.17

100" 4t .08

None

Fl {2)

52.0

100' 34.0

None

Fl

W 10 sec

W5sec

20

t8

Toble 2 - Visuol qnd Rocon Novigotionol Aids

A number of fhe visuol novigotionol oids hove suffered contoct from possing ships. The series of Resilient light beocons
ore porticulorly of{ected os ilony or" in reloiively deep woter, ollo*ing cloie quorter situotions with virtuolly oll trofflc.
Therefore, core must be exercisei when relying on ihese oids os they m-y not octuolly be there ond moy even, os for the
rroditionol buoy, houe been drogged from poiition. Exomples include Botu Berhonti ond One Fothom Bonk {north-west)
light buoy.

?
Y

Figure 3.1 - Tokong
I

.3.17 Currenis ond Tidol

Beocon

Figure 3.2 - Tokong Beocon

Streoms

The Singopore Siroit experiences strong currents thot ore not olwcys on the oxis of the TSS.

The Admirolty Tide Tobles (ATT) provide rotes ond times for moximum streoms together with.the times of slock wqter.
Diogroms in ih" tobles sho* uoriou, types of streom ronging from predominontly semi-diurnol (four slock woters per doy)
to piedominontly diurnol (t*o slock *ot rs per doy), or o mixture o[ both
14

L
L-

Port

I Bockground
ond Guidonc@

l---J

t_
L:
l--J

t--J

l_
f---J

L_
f---J

l-

Toble 3 shows ihe choried points for ATT predictions in ond oround the Singopore Stroit:

Areo

Posilion

Time
Zone

Lqtitude

l---.r

L:

Longitude

Currenl €urrent
lncluded Volue

Dirn.

Dirn.

Yes

300

120

t58

338

Nil

206

026

0.3 x
245"

065

245

238

058

056

236

The Brothers

-8

l"

Selot
Durion

Northern
Approoches

-7

l" 0'N

103' 34',

E

No

t_f-J

Singopore

L:
)----.

Phillip
Chorinel

-8

Shoir

1" 06' N

103' 44'E

Yes

L_L-J

Singopore
Sfroit

Buffolo Rock
Buoy

-8

i"

10' N

r03'r'8'

E

L----J

Singopore
Stroit

Botu

-8

t'

12' N

I

03' 53',

E

No

Singopore
Stroit

Horsburgh

-8

t" 20' N

104'20'E

No

l----J

l_l----J

L:

Molocco

Stroit

14',N

t03"

I 9', F

+

.--J

tt_tL-.--..

L-

r-

Berhonti

f---/

tl-----r

Ll---r
L--L-----./

Lf---r
Lt--,
L-

tL\---/

L:

LL----r/

L:

Vorioble

lo

1/zkt

Toble 3 - Admirolty Tide Tobtes (ATT)
While some predictions include bockground currenl, some.do not. ln this regord the ATT provides lull bockground.
As on
exomple, the tidol streoms for Horsbu-rgh exclude current, but for this point ihe toble rt'o'l, it'ot
ril"1urr"nr"i, uoriobl" 6y
up to 7z knot.

The pilot book provides d,iogroms for tidol,flow in the Singopore Strqit. The eost-going
streom is the ebb streom while the
west-going streom is the flood. Generolly, the eosFgoing Jreom is the stronger oni ToEIe 4 prouides
o trood

indicotion of

spring tide moximo.

Eosl-Going Streqm

Wesl-Going Streom

EBB TIDE

FTOOD TIDE

(krs)

(krs)

The Brothers

t.2

t.t

North Durion

1.6

2.2

Phillip Chonnel

3.5

2.5

Buffolo Roci<

1.8

1.6

Botu Berhonli

6/

4.0

Horsburgh

3.7

2.2

L---g

LLLL-!.

l--.L.
l---g

L'

L_I

Toble 4

- Moximum Spring
15

Tide


Port

I Bockground

_l

ond Guidonc@

I

The strong currents off Botu Berhonti ore probobly due to the relotively shollow woier in the vicinity, while Buffolo Rock
*h;ch is relotively neorby, hos much lesser currents bul deeper surrounds. Generolly, ii is noi uncommon ol spring tides io

-

experience turbulenl conditions with overfolls.
I
It is importoni thot the tidql streqm for the obove points is morked on the chort for the iime of possing. Reference should olso

be mode to the ongle ihe streom sets in relotion to the ship's course.

t

E

I .3.1

8

-

Piloioge (Deep seo)

A number of deep seo pilots ore ovoiloble for possoge through the Stroiis ond this service hos been ovoiloble for severol
yeors, olbeit in o relotively smoll woy. Eostbound, ii tends to opply to the lorger ships, porticulorly those tidolly stoging.
ihere is o much smoller coll for the westbound service. There ore mony providers both in Moloysio ond Singopore, some
lorge some smoll. However, this is not o reguloted service so the quolity, credentiols ond troining of the pilot connol be

-

ossured, Such motters need corelul qtteniion before employing o pilot service.

E

Some pilots ore reported to boord ot One Fothom Bonk. Other componies ore reported to boord their pilots further out,
obout two hours steoming to the north-west. The lotter option oppeors preferoble os slo*ing down ond monoeuvring to ioke
o pilot ot One Fothom Bonk odds to congestion ond difficulty in on olreody dilficult position.

E

Pilois con be of volue during storing operotions off Singopore, where their locol kno*ledge ond ihe provision of on exlro

woichkeeper con be helpful.
Eosibound, ihe disemborkotion of pilots tend to be souih of Chongi or off Toniung Ayom. The service is unlikely to opply ot
Horsburgh os weother conditions in thot qreo con be rough, moking disemborkotion too difficult.
Arrongements for pilologe con be mode through locol ogenls, exomples of ovoiloble pilots include:

\

-

Strosselink Pte Ltd
I 16, Chongi Rood
#03-03C Everitt Building
Singopore 41 921 8

Molocco Singopore Stroits Pilots Pte

Iel : +65 6242 4263
Fox : +65 6442 4263

Iel : +65 6270 271I
Fox : +65 6270 2711

Emoil :
www.strosselink.com

wwwmoloccostroitspilots.com.sg

I O2F

Posir Ponjong Rood

1

I
!
I
i
!

Ltd

a

#08-01 Citilink Worehouse Complex
Singopore

E

18530

I

a

Emoil :

a

The morine odvisor (pilot) boords lhe vessel obout 25 nm northwesi o{ One Fothom Bonk or, closer to Singopore off
Korimun lslond, opproximotely O1 " l0' N ond 103' 27'E.
Disemborkotion tokes ploce eiiher off the Singopore pilot boording grounds i{ inbound or in position 0'l

for vessels tronsiiing into ihe Chino Seo.

'

I

5'N '104' 05'E

i
i
i

i

1.3.19 Pilotoge (Horbour)
More pilots ore being recruited ond troined to improve the Singopore pilotoge service levels. Pilotoge exemptions ore
olso gronted to Mosters who houe successfully completed the pori fomiliorisotion course ond procticol troining on ship
simulotors. Pilotoge exemptions opply to ships up io 5,000 GT ond so Mosiers need to be owore lhot there ore olso o

a

number o{ ships monoeuvring without o pilot.

i

Ships {other thon LPG/LNG/chemicol tonkers ond drilling rigs/ships) bunkering in lhe eostern ond western speciol bunkering
onchoroges ore not required to engoge o pilot. Refer to MPA Port Morine Circulor No 23/2006.lt is recommended thqt

!

inexperienced Mosiers do toke o pilof.

t

a

I

i
t6

I


L
L.

ond Guidonc@

L.
>.ta

L.
L:
--.E-T

L_>-a

L_'

L'
=---

L.
L--al

l-=--.l_]-.tl

L_-

L-

L.
f---t

I Bockground

PorE

1.4 Possoge Plonning Guidonce
The-following comments on possoge plonning ore o reminder regording cuslomory proctice, including elemenis locol to
he Srro ts. They ore nol o definitive guide to possoge plonning. More comprehensiue books on the subject ore to be found
in_Section 1.5. However, this summory, together with Pqrt 2 of this guide, should help novigoting officers to compile on
effective possoge plon for the Stroits.
Drior io plonning the possoge ii is recommended lhot the
references provided ot Section
isi of items sho-n on the first poge of Possoge Notes (Section 2. t ) jhould be to hond.
'I

.4.

I

l

5 ore ovqiloble. In oddition, rhe

Purpose of Possoge Plonning

Erfeclive possoge plonning idenrifies the primory risks of grounding ond collision, ollowing the novigotor to set o so[e
oossoge hcving regord lo sofety, ihe protection of the environment ond enhonced moritime s6curity. A p-ossoge plon helps
'o estoblish cleor ond positive conlrol of the ship ot oll times, ollowing ihe iime necessory to process eisenrio'i informotion
ot c'i'icol momenfs. A good possoge plon briefs the Bridge leom on iiems thoi moy oiherwise be ouerlooked ond so
ouoids undetected errors ihot could hove disostrous cons"qu"nc"s. An efleciive possoge plon encouroges oll concerned to
onticipote potentiol problems ond to plon together b minimise risk.

t_-

1,4.2

L_-

while both experienced ond inexperienced people con moke mistqkes through fotigue or os o resuh of ombiguous
inlormqfion, rorely is on occidenl coused by o single error. Smoll errors con build into error choins but, if these ore

L'
L_'

L:
L-.

L---ra
L_'

L'
L-_..t

LL----

'

1--'

L:
L:

L'
L:

L'
L'
L'
L_'

Error Monogement

discovered in time. in most situolions the correciion o[ o single smoll erro, -ill breok the choin. leodinq io sofe resolution.
The bridge.teom should orgonise octions lo minimise th" poiribility of on error chqin deueloping to the "point where it leods
to on qccident.
This is ochieued by odopting, self-checking procedures such os;
A well-orgontsed bndqe teom

verifying posiiions with more thon two position lines
increosing fix frequency, os oppropriote
monitoring woter depth by echo sounder oi the chorted posiiion

checking the trock ond composs course, porticulorly oher o course olterqtion.
Increosingly the common trend omong novigotors is the. relionce on GPS only fixes. Mosters ploy on importoni role in
ensuring thot cross checks ore mode by visuols or porollel indexing on rodor.

Encouroging independenl checks by qnolher member ol the bridge teom minimises the risk of
errors going undetecled.
ln iighl woters cross-check ot every opportunity lo resolve ony signilicont positionino differences. Deviotions of this noture
sl.ould olert the bridge teom to the possibiliiy of equipment foilure or humqn error. -

1.4.3

Preporing the Plon

When preporing the plon the novigoting officer must oddress:
Primory ond cross-checking position fixing systems

lix lrequency
bridge ond engine room monning requirements
sofe speed {or the leg

solieni rodor conspicuous points for porollel indexing
sofe distonces from dongers
SkoitRep reporting requiremenis
orrongements by locol ogents {or support services eg pilotoge, tugs, OpL lounches, elc
conlingency plon for emergency onchoring.

!-"
17


Port

I Bockground
ond Guidonc@

While items reloiing to woter depth ond UKC ore olten criticol, ot 15 m drought these ilems ore less onerous lhon for deep
drought ships (whilh moy be konsiting ot up to 21.5 m drought). However, the Mo_sier must check fhot the.possoge plon
oddrlrt"r oll th" obou" foints. The MJster must olso ensure th-ot oll wotchkeeping o{ficers ore properly briefed, troined os
oppropriote ond thot the plon is up to dote.

1.4.4

Preporing Chorts

lnseri'no-go' oreos on the chort. li is importont to customise the chort to the ship by drowing limiting donger lines or

l

no-qo or"o, on it. This hos the following benefits:

o.

b.
c.

'it

considerotion of UKC, whi;h is olwoys o high risk element
it forces o concenlroied study of the chort, rother thon iust o glonce
it highlights the no-go oreos io ovoid.

for.",

Nole:
L ,No-go, oreo demorcotion

must stond out qnd be noticed to highlight the donger ond moke ii eosily deiected under ony chorlroom

lighting condition.
2. lnseri ihe 'morqins of sqfeV'. This is o toleronce on either side of the intended trock thot is occeptoble for irock deviotion. ln the Stroits,
morqins o{ roiely or" th"iroffic lone boundories ond so little odditionol *ork is required here. However, on certoin legs, such os

oro-d

Foir.

Chonn"l Bonk, odditionol lines moy be morked.

3. Following 1 ond 2 oboue, insert the intended trock.
4. Mork 'wheel-over' posifions on the chort. When morking the wheel-over position, the omount of rudder should be indicoted, together
with the expected rote of turn.

5.

lnsert the speed io be mointqined olong certoin sections o[ o leg. This is especiolly true where ship monoger's requirements prevoil,
where speed restriclions opply or when'on occurqle ETA is required ot o cerloin point, such os during deep drought stoging

6.

Ensure thol the chorts ore up to dote with the lotest ovoiloble corrections.

Z. ldentify
I

.4.5

possible emergency onchoring positions olong the possoge ond drow onchoring circles io mork fiese positions

Preporing or Amending Possoge Notes

Position lixing

Methods for different legs should be recommended in the Possoge Notes lf, from experience, it
is known thof ihere ore conspicuous londmorks put ihese in the notes

Fix frequency

This should be estoblished lor eoch leg. Fix frequency requirements vory considerobly ond ore
bosed on the proximiiy of the most imminent donger. They moy increose in rote while executing
lorge course olterolions.

Porollel

indexing

Solient points should be identified os o bock up io frequent fixing. Porollel indexing is o simple.ond

effective technique thot provides continuous moniioring of the trock mode good by use o[ rodor.

lt is recommended thot porollel indexes be used, whenever procticoble'
The Possoqe Notes include rodor conspicuous points. Buoys ore not used. Trqnsits con be os
useful os pirollel indexing giving quick indicotion of deviqtion from hock or simple position lines.
Although o tronsit is only J singie position Iine, it hos ihe odvontoge thoi it does not require the
use o{ ipeciol equipment, other thon the chori. Trqnsits ore used in possoge plonning os o cue to
porticulor octions. They con olso provide limiting donger lines. As oppropriote, suitoble tronsits
should be used en-route.

Troffic

congestion

This is o moior leoture in the Stroits, porticulorly to the south of Singopore. There ore issues
reloting to fishing boots, deep drought vessels, sofl possing distonces, tugs & tows ond difficulties
with nighr visioni Vessels tronsitingfthe moin Skoits should be vigilont especiolly,when possing
the port's ond onchoroges off MolJysio ond Singopore. Dongerous siluotions con develop if eorly
ociion is not foken.

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Port

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ond Guidonc@

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VTS Reporting

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Reporting points for the Vessel Troffic Service (WS) should be morked on the chort. ln oddition
the chort should show the positions for chonging VHF chonnels.

WS stolions monilor troffic movemenis ond issue wornings to users of the Stroits. The service olso
looks out for rogue vessels ond, *here possible, identifies culprits ond reports controvention io Flog
Stote outhorities. The WS gives no direct instruction to ships ond no instruction should be sought.

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Compulsory reporiing is required for oll ships of over 3OO grt or 50 metres in length, so WS

stotions identify individuol ships ond worn of ony hozords. However, they do not control troffic
in ony woy so *hile they ore on oid to sofe novigotion, WS ossumes no responsibility for it. The
sofe novigotion of ony ship remoins with the Moster ond the bridge teom.

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Moriners ore wqrned not to rely entirely on informotion from WS centres. The operotor moy not
be o moriner or moy hove no experience in the type of ship, ond so moy be unowore of presenl
problems.

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of l5 metres drought.

Woter deplh

ln the TSS, this should noi pose o problem for vessels

Tidol currenis

These con be very strong, especiolly in the Singopore Stroit. They ore mentioned in the Possoge

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Notes ond should be morked on the chort for the iime of possing. Knowledge of the currenl con
olso ossist in understonding the movements of other vessels, especiolly slow moving vessels ond

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tugs with tows.

Aborl posilion

This should feolure in the plon ot the stort of eoch possoge. Prior to entering the TSS the ship!
condition ond thot of its onboord novigotionol oids should be corefully reviewed, lf risks ore high,
possoge should be oborted. At the obort point, engine ond novigotion systems hove to be fully
operotionol with the vessel in full reodiness to proceed.

Contingency

plonning

This should moke it immediotely opporent i{ sufficient woter depih exists io storboord of the troffic

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1.4.6

lones io ollow for emergency onchoring. The possoge plon should therefore oddress occidents
offecting novigotionol obility, creoting o need to onchor in on emergency.

Briefing

Prior to entering the Stroits, it is good proclice to convene o meeting for oll essentiol personnel. During this meeting
wotchkeepers will be mode owore of their duties both on the bridge ond in the engine room. Alwoys identify high risk oreos
ond moke the teom owore of ony defeciive equipment. Appropriote operotionol procedures will be ogreed.
The Moster ensures thot wotchkeepers ore fomiliqr with ond fully understond oll bridge equipment, especiolly ARPA ond
ECDIS ond the interfoces io IBS sysiems. lt is dongerous io experiment with systems or be sorting out inter-switching

uncertointies, etc, ot criticol points en-route.

|

.4.7

Monitoring the Possoge Plon

Moniioring progress olong the plonned hock is o continuous process. lt is common prociice to fix the ship's position ond
then moke ollowonce for set ond drift. This opprooch is reoctive ond bosed on post observotion. lf either is wrong, the ship
moy be stonding into donger. When fixing positions in this woy, fixes ore best token ot regulor intervols. This enobles simple
speed checks. lt olso helps quick ossessment of shorl-ferm estimoted positions, using the lotesl course ond speed over the
ground, to olert to upcoming olter course positions or to worn of immediote problems oheod.

ln norrow ond restricted woters, such os the Stroits, prooctive lechniques ore qlso recommended. Frequent visits to the
chort toble moy noi be the most eflective use of ovoiloble lime ond chortwork moy inierrupt the overoll sense of situotion
oworeness. The recommended prooctive opprooch relies heovily on lhe use of octive novigotionol techniques such os
ECDIS or porollel indexing to con the ship.

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19


Port

I Bockground

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ond Guidonc@

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For position monitoring use oll the novigotionol equipment fitted, beoring in mind the possoge noies summorised in the
following points:

Check electronic fixes by visuol beorings ond lronsits
bose visuol fixes on ot leost three position lines
moke lull use of tronsits, cleoring beorings ond porollel indexing
do not rely solely on the ouiput from one positioning system
use the eiho sounder to check woter depth ot the plotted position
do not use buoys for position fixing
check chorted positions of offshore instollotions
check instrument functioning ond correct reoding
toke occouni o[ syslem errois ond position occurocy of electronic fixing systems
determine, for eoch section of the possoge, ihe position fixing frequency.

.

ECDIS core should be token to ensure thoi the disploy shows enough look-oheod distonce ond thoi the next chqrt con
be reodily occessed.

With

1.4.8

tl-

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Pirote Activity ond Security

ln the recent post pirote ociiviny in ihe oreo wos rife. However, while effort by the littorol siotes hos impro,red, the generol
situqtion, it is still common proctice for ships tronsiting the Stroits to mointoin o high stote of olert ond to follo- the ship
ronog"i's odvice ond the recommendotions giuen iri the ICS publicotion, 'Pirotes ond Armed Robbers: Guidelines on

Preuerition for Mosters ond Ship Security Officeis' ond the OCIMF publicotion 'Pirocy ond Armed Robbery Agoinst Ships'.
For vessels novigoting close io Singopore pori limits, moriners ore odvised. to exercise extro vigilonce. ln the event of on

tLL-

otiock, shipmosters oie odvised to ieport to the Singopore outhorities os follows:

t--

Singopore Police Coosl Guord

L--

(o) vHF Rodio
(b) Telephone
(c) Telefox

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Ch7,

16

+65'6377'5540 / +65-6377-5539

+65-6276'1627

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Morilime ond Porl Aulhorily o{ Singopore's Port Operolions Control Cenlre

(o) VHF Rodio
(b) Telephone
(c) Telefox

{d}

Emoil

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Ch lO, 14or73
+6 5- 6325-2493 / +6 5- 6325-249 4

+65-6224-5776
pocc@mpo,govsq

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ln oddition to reporting to the Singopore Authorities, ship mosters moy report to

L_
IMB Pirocy Reporling Cenlre
(o) Telephone
(b) Telefox

+60-32031-0014 / +60-32078+60-32078- 57 69

(c) Emoil

/

57 63

lndonesion Seo Securily Commond (collsig PUSKODAT)
(o) VHF Rodio

ch r6

{b) HF Rodio
(c) Telephone

701 5 KHz

+62-77

8- 41 3

498

/ +62'77

8- 41 38

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44

lndonesion Morine Police
(o) VHF Rodio
(b) Telephone

ch 16
+62'778-312433

-_

For guidonce on onti-pirory plons olso refer to:

-

lMOt'MSC Circulor'623/Rev.3'on Pirocy ond Armed Robbery Agoinst Ships
OCIMFI 'Pirocy ond Armed Robbery Agoinst Ships'

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1.5 References

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No.

I

l--1

Title

Publisher/Author

Chortsl 358, 2403, 3831, 3833, 39 40, 39 46,
3947, 4039, 4040, 4041 , 4042.

British Admirolty

Lotesl ed.

Chorts 7 1 252, 7 1 254, 7 1 256, 7 1 257,

NGA

Lotest ed

British Admiroliy

Lolest ed.

Briiish Admirolt),

Lotesi ed.

British Admirolty

Lotest ed.

British Admirolty

Lotest ed.

British Admirolty

Lotest ed.

L:

2

L_

3

Possoge Plonning Chqrt 5502 - Moriners' Routeing
Guide - Molocco ond Singopore Stroits

a---/

4

Soiling Directions {Pilot)

5

List

l-

6

Tide Tobles - Volume 3 (NP 203)

t_-

7

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l_-

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Dole

7 1 259, 7

List

1

265,

7 1 27

of Lights - Volume

l,

7

-

1

27 5, 7

1

71

285,

7

258,
I 440

(NP 44)

F (NP 29)

of Rodio Signols - Volumes 2, 3, 6

&7

(Port 2)

8

The Moriners Hondbook (NP I OO)

British Admirolty

Lotest ed.

9

Oceon Possoges of the World (NP 1 36)

Briiish Admiroliy

Lotest ed.

10

Pirotes & Armed Robbers : Guidelines on Prevention
for Mosiers ond Ship Security Officers

tcs

2004

tl

Bridge Procedures Guide

ICS

2007

12

Bridge Teom Monogement

Nquticol lnstitute

)nd

Ld

l3

Bridge Wotchkeeping

Nouticol lnstituie

2nd.

Ed

14

Possoge Plonning

Nouticol lnstitute

l99A

l5

Ships'Routeing

tMo

201 0

16

Pirocy ond Armed Robbery Agoinst Ships

OCIMF

2000

17

MPA Singopore - Port Morine Circulors

MPA

As issued

l8

Singopore Port lnformolion

MPA

Lotest ed.

19

Singopore Tide Tobles

MPA

Lotest ed.

l-3

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Port 1 Bockground
ond Guidonc@

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The officiol chorts ond nouticol publicotions listed on the previous poge ore from the UK Hydrogrophic Office ond US
Notionol Geospociol lntelligence Agency {NGA). The UKHO is referenced in porticulor os being the principol supplier of
nouticol chorts to world shipping. However, reference to UKHO should not restrict o ship from using publicotions lrom other

recognised hydrogrophic outhorities.
You ore olso recommended to ihe Nouiicol lnstitulet website, , for incident ond neor miss reports.
These ore found under the tob titled MARS (Morine Accident Reporting Scheme). There ore mony reports for the Molocco
ond Singopore Stroils oreo ond much con be leornt from these coses.

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