Kỹ năng viết đoạn văn THPT Quốc gia

Khóa Luyện Thi THPT Quốc Gia 2016 – GV Phan Điệu

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KỸ NĂNG VIẾT ĐOẠN VĂN – GV PHAN ĐIỆU

VIDEO và LỜI GIẢI CHI TIẾT chỉ có tại website MOON.VN
[Truy cập tab Tiếng Anh – Khóa: Mẹo thi THPTQG]
KỸ NĂNG VIẾT ĐOẠN VĂN:
PHẦN 1: Thông tin chung:
I, Đề thi thường gồm 3 dạng:
1, Narration: kể 1 câu chuyện/sự việc
2, Description: miêu tả (người/sự vật/ vật/ quyết định...)- Dạng này ít khả năng ra vì khá dễ
3, Personal opinion:
-

trình bày nguyên nhân-kết quả

-

mặt lợi- mặt hại

-

đề xuất/ góp ý nên hay không nên/ dồng ý hay không đồng ý
Một đoạn văn dài: ≈ 140 từ

Viết 10 từ/dòng => 14 dòng(2552)
Câu mở 14-20 từ+câu kết 14-20 từ
=28-40 từ≈3-4 dòng
Phần thân: 100 từ chia làm 2 ý

mỗi ý ≈ 50 từ  5 dòng => 10 dòng
3 bước: đọc đề ->gạch ý và sx ý-> Viết bài
II, ĐỀ THI THƯỜNG GẶP:
Dạng 1: Narration:
1. Describe a memorable journey
2. Describe a memorable summer holiday
3. Describe a memorable birthday of yours

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4. Describe one of your happy/sad memories
5. Describe a time when you did a good thing
=> Tập trung trả lời các câu hỏi: WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, HOW, WHY, WHO
Dùng các transitional devices: First, Next, Then, After that,etc.
Dạng 2: Description:
1. Describe your best friend/ favourite teacher/ someone who has big influence on you.
2. Describe your favourite subject/ book/ film/ something you own.
 Cách làm bài:
Trả lời các câu hỏi WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, HOW, WHY
(VD: miêu tả bạn thân: WHAT – 2 người đã làm những gì với nhau, WHERE – gặp ở đâu, WHEN – gặp
khi nào, HOW – 2 người thân với nhau như thế nào, WHY – tại sao 2 người lại hợp nhau thế)

Dạng 3: Personal opinion:
1. What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of social networking/the Internet/ television/high
technology?
2. What can students do to protect the environment?
3. What are the benefits of learning English?
=> Cách làm bài:
1. Dùng các listing devices :First, Second, Last but not least,etc.
2. Dùng synonyms/ antonyms:
advantages = benefits=postive aspects;
disadvantages = drawbacks=negative effects
III, BỐ CỤC CHUNG CỦA MÔT ĐOẠN VĂN:
How to write a good topic sentence and a good concluding sentence?
1, Topic sentence: (main ideas)
= Topic + Controlling ideas
-

Convenience foods are easy to prepare.

-

The average Vietnamese teenagers consumes enormous quantities of snack.

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2, Concluding sentence
+ signals the end (by signal phrases)
+ leaves the important point for readers to remember (by paraphrasing the topic sentence or summarizes
the main points)
+ sometimes give the final comment on the topic.
Chú ý: END OF PARAGRAPH SIGNALS:
1, Theo sau bởi dấu ,:
-

Finally,.../ In brief,.../ In short,...

-

In conclusion,../In summary,...

-

Therefore,.../ As a result,.../ Thus,...

2, Không có dấu , theo sau:
-

We can see that...

-

It is clear that...

-

The evidence suggests that...

-

There can be no doubt that...

-

These examples show that...

How to develop ideas in Body part:
1, Giving examples:
-

Noun and Verb signals:

a. Some words in English represent people’s names. A good example/ illustration of this is the word
lynch.
b. This can be illustrated by the word boycott.
c. Other words in this category include lynch and boycott.
-

Sentence connectors:

a. Some words in English represent proper name. For example/ For instance, the word quisling
originated with Vidkun Quisling.
b. The word quisling, for example/ for instance, originated with Vidkun Quisling.

-

Phrase signals:

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a. Words like/ such as lynch and quisling represent proper names.
b. Such word as lynch and quisling prepresent proper names.
c. Some words represent proper names. Lynch is such a word.
2, Details:
“Lanlords usually require a renter to sign a very complicated contract called lease. It stipulates the
length of time the person must stay in the apartment and amount of rent he or she must pay. It can
limit the number of people allowed to live in the apartment and restrict the renter from having pets.
A lease may prohibit the renter from subletting and include a provision by which the renter is
charged a certain ammount of money if she or he breaks the contract.The agreement alse includes
the responsibilities....”
3, Fact and statistics:
The first manned flight to the moon began when APOLLO 11 blasted off from Cape Kenedy,
Florida at 9:32 a.m on July 16, 1969, with Amstrong, Aldrin and Collins as astronauts. Four days
after the blast-off, Amstrong and Aldrin moved from the command module, Colombia, into the
lunar module, Eagle, and the two modules seperated. Collins continued to orbit the moon in the

command module, while the other astronauts descended toward the moon. At 4:18 p.m on July 20 th,
the Eagle landed on the moon, in the sea of Tranquility. The two astronauts spent twenty one hours
and thirty seven minutes on the moon. They started back to the earth at 1:55 p.m on July 21.
VÍ DỤ: ANALYSE THE MODEL PARAGRAPH:
Most bike accidents are due to equipment failure, weather conditions and bikers’ carelessness. To
begin with, many different pieces of bicycle equipment can become defective and cause bike
accidents. For example, if a bike does not have good brakes, it cannot be stopped effectively.
Similiarly, a weak light will make it more difficult for bikers to see at night. Aside from defective
equipment, a biker often has difficulty controlling bicycle when it is rainy or windy. Under such
conditions, water may impair the brakes or obstruct the biker’s view; too much wind will affect
steering. Nonetheless, bike accidens are mainly caused by bikers’ carelessness. For instance,
accidents can be produced by a biker who does not stop at a stop sign and a biker whose pant’s legs
get caught in the bike chain. In conclusion, the number of bike accidents could be greatly reduced if
bikers checked ther equipment, rode in good weather and practiced bike safety. (wordcount: 157)
PHẦN 2: Thông tin chi tiết cho từng dạng văn:
DẠNG 1: Narration (Văn tường thuật)
Chú ý:
1, Viết theo trình tự thời gian
2, Thông tin rõ ràng và chính xác về tên gọi, địa điểm và thời gian.
VD: “Ghana became a republic on July 1, 1960” không nói chung chung là in 1960 hoặc thông tin sai
là in 1961

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3, Quan điểm khách quan, không đưa quan điểm cá nhân vào bài tường thuật
VD: nếu report về accident ở một nuclear power plant, không nói: “The accident proves that all the
nuclear power plant should be closed”.
Topic sentence: trả lời 4 câu hỏi:
1,WHAT:Bạn đang tường thuât chuyện gì
2,WHO/WHAT (involved):Người/vật l.quan
3,WHERE: Sự việc xảy ra ở đâu
4,WHEN: Sự việc xảy ra khi nào
VD:
- Three thousand runners participated in the annual Great Race, which was held in Pittsburgh on
June 2.
- On October 16, 1934, Mao Tse-tung and his Red Army began their Long March near Fukein,
China.
Supporting sentences:
1,Main point:Ý chính
2,Additional Points:Ý bổ sung
VD1:
1,Main point: The festival began at 9:30 A.M on August 9 with a speech by the director of the
Artists’ Guild, Meredith Ainley.
2,Additional Points:She welcame everyone to the ninth annual festival.
VD2:
1,Main point: There was entertainment on the stage for the next hour.
2,Additional Points: First, the Polish Folk Organization presented some traditional dances. After
that, a group of children from Oakmont Elementary School gave a short play.
Concluding sentence:
Hành động cuối cùng hoặc kết quả của sự việc là như thế nào
ANALYSE THIS PARAGRAPH:

The first manned flight to the moon began when APOLLO 11 blasted off from Cape Kenedy,
Florida at 9:32 a.m on July 16, 1969, with Amstrong, Aldrin and Collins as astronauts. Four days
after the blast-off, Amstrong and Aldrin moved from the command module, Colombia, into the

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lunar module, Eagle, and the two modules seperated. Collins continued to orbit the moon in the
command module, while the other astronauts descended toward the moon. At 4:18 p.m on July 20th,
the Eagle landed on the moon, in the sea of Tranquility. The two astronauts spent twenty one hours
and thirty seven minutes on the moon. They started back to the earth at 1:55 p.m on July 21.
DẠNG 2: Description (Văn mô tả)
Describing People (Pen Portraits)
1. Describing appearance:
a. Size:
-

She was a tall/small woman.

-

He was of medium height.

b. Shape:
-

She was slim/ fat.

-

He had a slim figure.

c. Features and hair:
-

She was brown-eyed/ blond-haired.

-

She had brown eyes/ blond hair.

d. Clothes:
-

She was smartly dressed/ untidily dressed.

-

He wore smart clothes/ old clothes.

-

They were dressed in T-shirts and jeans.

e. Expression:
-

She looked/ appeared shy/ happy.

-

He was a shy-looking man.

-

He had an air of timidity.

2.

Describing behaviour:
-

-She always/often/sometimes/never + Ved

-

-He would often/sometimes/always + V...

-

-He used to + V...

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-

-When he was nervous, he would + V...

-

-He had a habit of + V-ing...

-

-She was always + V-ing....

3.

Linking words for description:

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a. Use with/ which/ who:
-She was a small, thin, dark woman with rosy cheeks and a cheerful expression.
-She had a round face with blue eyes and freckles.

-She had long blond hair which hung-down to her shoulders.
-He had round eyes which gave him a surprised expression.
- He was a small, fierce man who was always shouting.
-She was a small, blonde woman who wore expensive clothes.
b.

Adjectives at the beginning of the sentence:

-Tall, slim and well dressed, he had an air of brisk efficiency.
Practice 1:
Describe a person that you admired when you were a little girl/ boy.
B1: Phân tích đề
B2: Liệt kê ý và sắp xếp ý
B3: Viết bài
When I was young, I admired my grandmother for her strength and kindness. Regarding her apearance,
she was not very big. Even though she was tiny and thin, she was strong. She lived by herself and still did a
lot of the chores around her house. When I was a child, I saw her almost everyday, and she and I would
talk about everything. About her personality, she was a humorous person who had a habit of telling jokes
and make me laugh. My grandmother was also so patient that she would listen to all of my problems. She
just listened and tried her best to help me tackle them. She gave me very good advice whenerver I needed
it. I also enjoy spending time with her because of interesting stories that she used to tell me before bed time
every night. In short, my grand mother was my best friend when I was a little girl. (157 words)
Practice 2:
Describe a really important decision that you have made recently.
B1: Phân tích đề

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B2: Liệt kê ý và sắp xếp ý
B3: Viết bài
A really important decision that I have made recently is to study abroad. Firstly, it is a big chance that noone from my family has ever had before and my parents always hope that I would started taking part in
the textile business of my family. However, it is too early for me, who is a 18-year-old boy to join the
businese though. Besides, I have been always dreaming about stuying marketing, especially e-marketing
since I was a little boy. I hope that after I graduate, I could contribute to my parents’ firm in the future. If
I study e-marketing in the UK, I can learn how to use the internet to sell our clothes all over the world. I
am now very confident about my decision due to valuable lessons and knowledge that I have gained after
lessons from my teachers abroad. In summary, studying oversea was my truly amazing decision in life.
(145 words)
DẠNG 3: Causes and Effects (Văn trình bày quan điểm về nguyên nhân/ kết quả)
1. Topic Sentence = Topic + Controlling ideas (Causes & Effects)
Examples:
a.
Poor preparatory practices and nonuse of protective chemicals have been primarily responsible for
a recent decline in North African agricultural production.
b.
Scientific studies have shown that vitamin A may have benefitial effects in cleaning up skin
problems, treating eye disorders and fighting infection.
2.

Supporting sentences

= Main ideas + Supporting/ Additional details (=Explanations + Illustrations/Examples)
Examples:
a.
Substandard preparatory techniques – including bad oil preparation, improper tillage practices,
inadequate amounts of fertilizers, and insufficient amount of irrigation water – have caused decreases in
the amount of available food in the region. For instance, when farmers in Chad tried to grow wheat
without deep plowing in order to save money, wheat production immediately declined. Even when farmers
in the area used appropriate practices to get their crops out of the ground, they often have not used
suitable chemicals to protect their growing crops from diseases. For example, in 1981, unprotected onion
fields in Libya were attacked by bacterial root rot. Consequently, onion production in Libya was
extremely low that year.
b.
Tablets with vitamin A have been used effectively in treating skin problems like acne. For example,
when applied directly on the skin, vitamin A can also clear up boils and heal ulcers. Injections of vitamin A
have been in used to remove warts from people’s skin. Moreover, vitamin A is a successful way of treating
such eye disorders at night blindness and blurred vision. For instance, therapeutic dosages of vitamin A
are used to treat glaucoma and conjunctivitis (inflammation of the eyelids). Most important, vitamin A
plays an integral role in fighting infections. Because it strengthens cell walls, vitamin A protects the

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mucous membrane from invading bacteria. Furthermore, dosages of vitamin A have shortened the
duration of communicable diseases, such as colds and measles.
Chú ý:
LANGUAGE PATTERNS for CAUSES & EFFECTS
1. C cause/ produce/ bring about E
2. C occur WHICH cause/produce/bring about E
3. C occur causing/producing/bringing about E
4. E is caused/produced/brought about by C
5. E resulted from B
6. E occur as a result of/ because of/due to C
7. Because/Since C produce E, S must be found.
8. C produce E; accordingly, S must be found.
9. C cause E

; therefore, S must be found.

10. C bring about E; consequently, ......
11. C cause E; for this reason, .......
12. C produce E; thus, ........
3. Concluding sentence= Summarize the main point + state the solutions
Examples:
a.
In summary, solutions for these two problems must be found so that the people of North Africa will
have sufficient food.
b.
In conclusion, these many beneficial effects demonstrate the importance of encouraging people to
take regular dietary supplements of vitamin A.
DẠNG 3: Advantages and Disadvantages (Văn trình bày quan điểm về mặt lợi và mặt hại)
Practice 1:
What are the advantages of studying abroad and studying in your own country?

B1: Phân tích đề
B2: Liệt kê ý và sắp xếp ý
B3: Viết bài

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Studying abroad and studying in your own country both have definite benefits for students. Firstly, living
in another country can be an exciting experience because everything seem new and different. The
challenge of living in a new environment can give you courage and self-confidence, too. For example, if you
want to study another language, living abroad is a great way to do that because you can do everything
using that language. Secondly, there are also advantages to stay in your own country to tudy. It is cheaper
than living abroad, so you can save more money. Also, in your home country, everythinng is familiar. You,
therefore, don’t need to worry about taking classes in a foreign language and you can understand the
culture and the your teachers’ expectation. In conclusion, if you are thinking about where to study,
consider the aforementioned advantages before making up your mind. (147 Words)
Practice 2:
What are the advantages of studying abroad and studying in your own country?
B1: Phân tích đề
B2: Liệt kê ý và sắp xếp ý
B3: Viết bài
Studying abroad and studying in your own country both have definite benefits for students. Firstly, living

in another country can be an exciting experience because everything seem new and different. The
challenge of living in a new environment can give you courage and self-confidence, too. For example, if you
want to study another language, living abroad is a great way to do that because you can do everything
using that language. Secondly, there are also advantages to stay in your own country to tudy. It is cheaper
than living abroad, so you can save more money. Also, in your home country, everythinng is familiar. You,
therefore, don’t need to worry about taking classes in a foreign language and you can understand the
culture and the your teachers’ expectation. In conclusion, if you are thinking about where to study,
consider the aforementioned advantages before making up your mind. (147 Words)
DẠNG 3: Suggestions/ Agree or Disagree/ Should or Shouldn’t ( Văn trình bày quan điểm: Đồng ý/ không
đồng ý/ Nên/ Không nên)
Topic sentence: (Opinion and main ideas)
= Topic + Opinion (In my opinion,/In my view/ I believe that...should...)
Eg. In my opinion, smoking should not be allowed in public places.
Supporting sentences = Main ideas (reasons for your opinion + Supporting/ Additional details
(=Explanations + Illustrations/Examples) (According to X,....)
Eg. According to a recent survey, eighty percent of people hava lung cancer because of passive smoking.
Concluding sentence =
comment on the topic.

signals the end + summarizes the main points+ sometimes gives the final

Eg. In conclusion, from these two reasons, I believe that smoking in public area is wrong.

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Practice 1:
Should school uniform be compulsory?
B1: Phân tích đề
B2: Liệt kê ý và sắp xếp ý
B3: Viết bài
In my view, uniform is a positive thing because it makes students look more professional and allow them to
focus on academics. Firstly, uniform would give students professional appearance. In fact, young people
need to start learning how to dress appropriately in the workplace, and having them wear proper uniform
would be a good step toward teaching them how proper clothes should be worn. Another reason why
uniform is good is that school is a place for learning, not a fashion show. Many kids seem to feel that it is
more important to look good while the real purpose of going to school is to study. Name-brand clothes only
distract kids from their studies, and if everyone only had to worry about only one thing to wear every day,
it would be easier to focus on work. In conclusion, uniform should be compulsory at school for the listed
reasons. (149 words)
Practice 2:
Are today’s famous people good role models for young people?
B1: Phân tích đề
B2: Liệt kê ý và sắp xếp ý
B3: Viết bài
In my opinion, all the famous people could not be considered as either good or bad role models since some
are and some are not. Firstly, some celebrities are excellent role models for young people. They realize that
what they do influences young people and set a standard. They take this role seriously and are, in general,
just good and sensible. Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie are perhaps an outstanding example for this. They are
red carpet stars that are also loving, nurturing parents. They are, therefore, a good example to set. In
contrast, some famous people live incredibly negative and bad lifestyle. One example is the young pop star
Britney Spears. Britney parties a lot and often spends her nights out on the town in revealing outfits. For

those reasons, I think that perhaps young people should have the sense to tell the differences and follow the
better one between the young celebrities. (156 w)
Practice 3:
Should smoking be allowed in public places?
B1: Phân tích đề
B2: Liệt kê ý và sắp xếp ý
B3: Viết bài:

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I believe that smoking should not be allowed in public places for two reasons. Firstly, it causes secondhand smoke, which leads to some types of health concerns. It is a well-known fact that smoking causes
cancer and second-hand smoke is just as dangerous as first-hand smoke. For example, a non-smoking
waiter or a waitress at a restaurant often have to inhale other people's toxic fumes. As a result, after living
a healthy life, they might come down with lung cancer. Secondly, public areas should be clean places
without smoking. Public spaces belong to everyone ranging from children, teenagers to adults and their
rights are far more important than the rights of a few smokers. For me, as a customer, I would never want
to come a restaurant where is full of smokes and smell like a chimney snack. Smoking should never be
allowed in public places to save people’ health and rights. (152 words)

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