VIỆC SỬ DỤNG NGƯỜI HOA CỦA CÁC CHÚA NGUYỄN TRONG CUỘC MỞ ĐẤT MIỀN TÂY NAM BỘ

V1|C SCTD^NC NGUdi HOA COA C A C CHUA N C U Y I N

TRONG CdNG CU0C Md DKT M|£N TAY NAM B0

D 6 QUVNH NGA*

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ong eupe md dfi't Dfing Trong n6i
chung vfi mi6~n Tfiy Nam Bp n6i
rieng lfi cong lao ciia bao nhifiu th€^ h$ lao
d^ng trong tfi't ca cfic thfinh ph^n xfi h0i
dudi th6i cfic chfla NguySn trong d6 c6
ngfldi Hoa, mot Iflc Ifldng chu yfiu mfi cfie
chfla NguySn da stf dung rfi't e6 hi$u qua
trong vi?c xay dflng do thj, phfit trien
thfldng mai ciia Dfing Trong.

Cho dSh khi Dfldng Ng^n Dieh theo si^
phfin efing cua chfla NguySn Phdc Tfin di
theo dfldng bi^n vfio cfla Ldi L^p, d€^n djnh
cfl 6 Mjf Tho vfio nftm 1679 di khai phfi
vflng dfi't nfiy thi vflng Tfiy Nam B$ Ifin dfiu
tifin mdi dfl^c khai phfi dfldi thdi chua
NguySn.

Dfldng N g ^ Dieh lfi mpt trong nhflng
vien tfldng cua nhfi Minh khfing chiu thufin
Chinh saeh sif di^ng ngfldi Hoa cua efie phue nhfi Thanh da di cfl d^n nfldc ta, nhd
ehua NguySn 5 Tfiy Nam B§ mfi ci^ th^ lfi ehiia NguySn giup dd. Nfim 1644, tri^u
Dfldng Ngan Dich d My Tho vfi M^c Ctfu Minh bi Man Thanh l$t d^. D^ trin ap

cflng eon chau hp M^c vdi dfi't Hfi Tien dfi nhflng li^e Ifl^ig trung thfinh vdl nhfi Minh,
de lai eho dfi't nfldc mpt di san v^ lanh tho qufin Man Thanh sau khi ehi£fm diiffc Bfic
vfi dan cfl dajig trfin trong vfi ea nhflng gifi Kinh da md e u ^ hfinh qufin cfin qufit vdi
tri ve lieh stt.
quy mo ldn k6o dfii nhi^u nfim di binh dinh
efic tinh mi^n Nam Trung Qu6c, ndi c^ thii
I. CHUA N G U Y I N PHUC TAN VC(I
DCdNG NGAN DJCH 6 MY THO (1679- cudi cflng cua m$t li^c Iflc^ng khfi ldn tfin
qufin nhfi Minh. C u ^ chi€n k ^ dfii gfin 4
1689)
th$p ky (1644 - 1683) eho dgn khi qufin
Vflng Tfiy Nam B$ dfl^c chua NguySn Thanh chinh phi^c nhi2ng c u ^ khfing cfl
cung nhfl ngfldi dfin Vi$t chu ^ mu$n hdu cudi cflng trfin dao Dfii Loan do vien tfldng
BO vdi Dong Nam Bp, b6i vi vj tri cfich trfi Trinh Thfinh C6ng chi huy. Nhi^u vo quan
vfi di^u ki§n khai phfi cung kh6 khfin hdn. vfi qufin d$i trung thfinh vdi nhfi Minh da

' ThS. So Khoa hoe vfi Cong ngh^ tinh Bfi Ria - 'Viing Tfiu


Vigc 5i3r dyng ngirtrt Ijoa...
dfla gia dinh cua hp vflpt bien ra nfldc
ngofii nhfim tranh si^ tra thfl cua chfnh
quyen Man Thanh.
Sfl xufi't hi§n cua Ifle lflt?ng ngfldi Hoa
nfiy 6 Dfing Trong dflpe sit nhfi NguySn ghi
lai: "Ky Miii, ndm thd 31 (1679), mita xudn,
thdng gi&ng, tUdng cu nhd Minh Id Long
Mdn tdng binh DiiOng Nggn Dich vd phd
tudng Hodng TUn, Cao Ldi Lidm tdng binh
Trdn ThitOng XuySn vd phd tudng Trdn An

Binh dem han 3.000 qudn vd hOn SO chiie
thuyin de'n cdc cda biin Tu Dung vd Dd
Ndng, tu trdn Id bd thdn nhd Minh, nghia
khdng chiu ldm tdi nhd Thanh ndn din xin
ldm tdi td' (1). 'finh th^ nfiy da d$t chfla
NguySn Phflc Tfin diing trfldc su Ifla ebon
thdng minh, cudi eflng chua dfi quyS't dinh:
"Nay ddt Ddng Phd (ten cd Gia Dinh) nUdc
Chdn Lap dong rudng phi nhiiu nghin
ddm, triiu dinh chUa rdi md kinh ly, chi
bang lay sdc cua hg cho din khai khdn de
d, ldm mgt viic md ldi ba diiu" (2). Chua
mpt mfit ban cho cac tfldng nhfi Minh
nhflng ehfle nhfl cfl, phong them chflc quan
mdi, mfit khac giii thfl cho vua Chfin Lap
yeu cfiu chia cfi'p dfi't dai cho hp. Luc nfiy,
bien gidi Vipt - Champa ve phia Nam cdn
dijfng lai d sdng Phan Rang nen phfldng fin
dfla dofin ngfldi di dfin ngfldi Hoa vflpt bien
vfio dfit Chan L^ip lfi mpt each flng xtf linh
boat vfi khdn ngoan, ddng thdi, cung th^
hi§n uy th^ eiia mdt nfldc ldn doi vdi phidn
thfin cua minh.
Binh thuyen cua Dfldng Ng^n Dich tid^n
vao ciia Ldi Lap, theo ciia Dai, cfla Ti^u
ddn dinh cfl d My Tho. Cng ehia qufin
thfinh hai nhdm, m^t nhdm do fing dfin dfiu
dfla thuyen ch^y vfio cfla Xofii R^P. sau dd
djnh cfl d dfi't Phien Trfi'n, mpt nhdm do
Hofing Tieh chi huy tieh vfio D ^ Ti^u hai

khfiu len dinh cfl d M^ Tho. Nhfl v^y,
Dfldng Ng?ui Djch vdi danh nghia lfi m^t

vien quan cda chfla NguySn da dd^n khai
phfi vflng dfi't nfiy.
Dfldng Ng^n Dich sau khi dd'n My Tho
da tid'n hfinh v3 dfi't, xfiy phd, l^p chp di
di^ng ndn m^t "My Tho d^i phd" sfim ufit
quy tp ngfldi Hoa, ngfldi Vi^t, ngfldi
Khmer. Ong cho nhdm hpp ngfldi Vi^t,
ngfldi Khmer vfi ngfldi Hoa tid'n hfinh khai
khfin dfi't dai, Ifip trang tr^i vfi thdn fl'p t^o
ndn aijf chuydn bidn dfing k^ cua vflng dfi't
trfldc dfiy vdn khfi hoang sd nfiy. My Tho
trd thfinh noi nhpn nhjp, vi^c giao Iflu buon
bfin vdi thfldng nhfin nfldc ngofii trd nen
thjnh vflpng, thu hut si^ quan tfim eua cfie
thfldng thuydn Trung Hoa, Nh^t Ban, Tfiy
Dfldng vfi Bd Dfio Nha. "My Tho dgi phd" Id
mdt thUOng cdng xudt nhdp khdu hdng
hod. Ndm dge theo sdng Tien, ndi ndo cd
ddng cU ddn la cd nhdng khu thi td ve tinh
nhu Cha Ggo, Bin Chiia, Cdi Bi Long Ho,
Sa Dec, Cdi Tdu ThUpng, Cdi Tdu Hg, Tdn
Chdu, Tdn Ddc vd kin tdn cdc khu thi td
ciia Chdn Lap. Nhdng khu thi td ndy ldm
nhiem vu eung cdp nhdng mdt kdng ndng
sdn, tho sdn cho My Tho dgi phd xudt
khdu, dong thdi cung nhdn hdng hod cua
nUde ngodi di phdn phdi vd bdn cho ngUdi

tieu diing " (3).
Lflc Ifldng ngfldi Hoa ddn vflng dfit My
Tho cfing ngfiy cfing da dang hdn, ngoai cac
di thfin nhfi Minh, binh linh, thfldng gia
edn c6 cac tri thfle Nho gifio, cac nhfi sfl. Da
sd ngfldi Hoa ddn dfiy deu lfi nhflng cfl dan
d cac vflng duyfin hai phfa Nam Trung
Qudc nen c6 hieu bidt vfi bifin, gidi vfi giao
thfldng tren bifin, ky thufit ddng thuyen,
thfinh thao thuy ehifi'n, c6 kinh nghidm
trong vide giao lifu, tiep xfle, kifim ke hfing
hofi d eac cang bifin. Vdi dia thd vflng dfi't
My Tho thu^n lpi cho giao thfldng, budn
bfin, ngfldi Hoa d vflng dfi't nfiy sdng chii
ydu bfing nghd budn ban, san xufit thudc


Bflhifln cmi Lich siSr. sg 4.2011
ddng y, tidu thu cdng nghidp. Dd'n thd ky
XVII, My Tho trd thfinh m^t trong hai
trung tfim thfldng m^i ldn nhfi't Nam Bd luc
bfi'y gid (4).
Cflng vdi nhflng ho^it d^ng thfldng m^ii,
ddi B^ng tinh thfin ciia ngfldi Hoa cung
tha'm dfin vfio manh dfi't nfiy. Ngfldi Hoa da
du nhfip vfio vflng dfi't nfiy vfin hoa Trung
Hoa. hofi cflng vdi vfin hofi Khmer, Vi^t,
Chfim t^o nfin si^ phong phu vd vfin hofi cho
manh dfi't nfiy.
Tuy vfiy, ehi 9 nfim sau (1688), s^ tranh

chfi'p quydn li^c khidn ndi bd lyc dye dfin
ddn v i ^ Dfldng Ng^n Dich bi phd tfldng
Hofing Tidn gifit chdt:
"Thdng 6, phd tUdng Long Mdn Hodng
TUn giet chit chii tUdng Id DU(Jng Nggn
Dich d eda biin My Tho, tU xUng Id Phdn
dUng Ho oai tUdng qudn, thdng linh dU
chung Long Mdn, ddi don sang Nam KM
(nay thudc huyen Kiin Hda, tinh Dinh
Tudng) (5), thu hiim ddp ldy, due dgi bdc,
ddng chlin thuyin, thd qudn di cUdp bdc"
(6).
Chua NguySn Phue Trfin sai qufin vfio
danh, nfim 1689 tfldng Mai Van Long da dp
dflpc Tien. Hofing Tie'n vfi vp eon deu hi giet
(7).
Nhfl vfiy, khdng gidng vdi nhflng thfinh
qua mfi Trfin Thflpng Xuyfin da lfim dflpc d
Cfl Lao Phd, nhflng no lflc ciia Dfldng Ng^n
Dieh d My Tho bi gifin doan khidn My Tho
rdi vfio eanh dieu tfin.
Sau khi Hofing Tien bj gidt ehdt, chua
NguySn da giao qufin Long Mdn eho Td'ng
binh Trfin Thflpng Xuyen quan ly. Trfin
Tbflpng Xuyfin da nh$p hai toan qufin b
Ndng Nai vfi My Tho rdi ehia ra ddng t^i
Ngfl Khe (rach Cai Ca), Doanh Chau (Cfl
Lao Gieng) (8), (9). SM quan ly ciia chua
NguySn ddi vdi vflng dfi't nfiy cdn long leo.
My Tho bud'i dfiu dfit dfldi BI^ kiem soat ciia

cfic tfldng Long Mdn vfi cd nhidm vy thu
nhfin sd' dfin cfl qufi ddng dfl^c chuydn tfl
Trfi'n Bidn vfi Phidn Trfi'n xud'ng. Ngfldi dfln
d dfiy dfl^c t^o didu ki^n lfim fin, sinh sd'ng
thoai mfii hdn so vdi dfin d Ddng Nam Bp,
do nhflng quy djnh edn chfla chfit chd vfi
chii trfldng khuydn khich ciia ehua NguySn
ndn hp dfl^ tfl do lfim fin vfi khai khfin dfit
dai. Thud dfl^ thu theo san phfim nghl
nghifip ciia tflng ngfldi; ngfldi lfim rufing thi
ndp Ifla, ngfldi danh ca thi ndp cfi, ngfldi
lfim rflng thi ndp go ... Dfi thu thud dfin d
My Tho, chua NguySn cung da cho Ifip 9
kho rieng (Quy An, Quy Hda, Canh Dfldng,
Thidn Mu, Quan Thao, Hofing L^p, Tam
L^ch, Ba Canh, Tan Thjnh) dfi nhfin dfin b
gfin kho nfio thi dem thud" ddn nap kho dd
cho tidn.
Nhfl vfiy tren thfle te, chfla Nguyen da
ed sy khai thae nhfi't djnh ddi vdi My Tho,
nhflng vfi m$t ehlnh danh thi vflng dfi't nfiy
vfin chfla thupc vfi sfl quan ly cua chfla
NguySn. Tuy nhifin, dfiy dflpc xem lfi bfldc
ehufin bj quan trpng cho si^ anh hfldng sfiu
rpng cua cfic chua NguySn trfin vflng dfit
Tfly Nam Bp trong qufi trinh thidt l^p
ehinh quydn eiia Phien trfin dfldi thdi chiia
NguySn Phue Chu vfio nfim 1698. Cho dfiii
khi dflpc M^c Ciiu dfing phfin dfi't Hfi Tifin

(1708) mfi dng da khai phfl trfldc dd thi
chua NguySn mdi bfit dfiu vdi tay tdi midn
Tfiy Nam Bp m^t cfich thfle sfl,
II. CHUA NGUYtN \TRAN HA TIEN (1708 -1757)
Khi dofin di thfin nhfi Minh do Dfldng
Ng^n Djch vfi Trfin Thfldng Xuyfin dfin dfiu
ddn Dfing Trong thi M^c Ciiu cung cd mfit fl
midn Tfiy Nam Bp. Mac Ciiu (1655 - 1735)
lfi mpt doanh nhfin d thdn Le Quflch, huy$n
Hai Khang, phii Ldi Chfiu, tinh Quai^
Ddng; do khdng chSji n h ^ sy thay thfi ciia
nhfi Thanh, dfi vflpt bifin sang tru ngy fl


Vigc siSr dung ngifgrt Ijoa...

phii Nam Vang eua ChSn Lap vfio nfim
1680. Sflch Gia Dinh thdnh thdng ehi cho
bidt: " ... din ndm Khang Hy thd mUdi chin
(1680), tinh Qudng Ddng mdi dUgc d^p
xong, nhd Minh mdt, khdng phue chinh
sdeh budi ddu cda nhd Dgi Thanh, di tdc
sang phucfng Nam, d tgi phii Nam Vang
nUdc Cao Men" (10). Ong vd'n lfi mdt nhfi
budn thao vflt, ed tfii kinh bang td thfi, hay
di lai buon ban trfin efic tuydn dfldng bifin
tfl Trung Qudc den Philippine, Batavia
(Indonesia)..., ndi thfinh tb^o tieng Ch&n
L^p ndn dflpc vua Nfic Ndn mdi lfim quan

vfi phong cho ehfle Oc Nha (Oknha). Didu
nfiy cung dflijlc ghi ehdp d Dgi Nam li^t
truyin tiin biin: "Cdu gid riing tdc md di
vi phuang Nam, tdi d Chdn Lap, ldm quan

6c Nha" 0-1).
Thfiy chinh sy d dd rdi ren, mfi dfi't Mang
Kham (ten cu cua Hfi Tien liic bfiy gid),
thudc tinh Peam (ngfldi Hoa gpi lfi Phfldng
Thfinh) CO nhieu ngfldi Vidt, ngfldi Trung
Qudc, ngfldi Chfln Lap, ngfldi Chfi - Vfi den
lfim fin nen dng den dd xin md sdng bac,
danh thue hoa chi kiem ldi, lai dfio dflijk: hu
bac vfi trd nen giau cd. 6ng xay mpt tda
thfinh ben bd bifin, md phd xa: " Nhdn chieu
tap ddn xiiu dat den cde ndi Phd Quoc,
Cdn Bdt, Gid Khe, Ludng Cdy, Huang dc,
Cd Mau (thugc tinh Hd TUn), lap nen 7 xd
thdn. Vi chd d ed truyen thuyit rdng thUdng
ed ngudi tiin hiin d tren sdng, nhdn thidgt
tin Id Hd Tien" (12).
Vfio nhflng nfim cudi thfi ky XVII vfi dfiu
the ky XVIII, Hfl Tien dfldi sfl td ehfle cua
M?ic Ciiu da trd thfinh mpt ndi trfl phu nfin
qufln Xifim thfldng den cfldp pha. Nfim
1688, quan Xifim dd'n dflnh phfl Hfi Tifin vfi
thuyet phyc dng dfla gia quydn vfi Xiem,
cho d tai cang Van Tud Sdn (Muang
Galapuri). Dgi Nam liet truyin tiin biin
chdp: "Gdp luc ngUdi Tiim ddnh Chdn Lap,

ngudi Chdn Lgp vdn nhut nhdt, nghe gidc
tdi liin chay, tUdng XUm thdy Cihi bin du
vi Tiim. Cdu bdt die dl phdi theo. Khi dd
tdi Tiim, vua Tiim thdy trgng mgo ldy ldm
la, mdng rdgid Cdu lgi" (13).
Gia pha hp M^e d Hfi Tidn cung xac
nhfin qufin Xiem "khuyen dy" vfi Mae Cflu
"khfing cd efich nfio tfl chfii" dflpc: " PhUOng
Thdnh vd'n Id viing dd't ven bd, chi Id nOi tu
tdp budn bdn sinh l<^, ehU khdng phdi Id
chdn dung vo, vi thi thuyin giac tdi Id ed
thod sdc hodnh hdnh, khdng eo khd ndng
chd'ng cU lgi, l^p tdc bi ehung chiim ldy.
Vua Cao Min lgi Id ke hin nhdt, mdi dupe
thu cdp bdo da vdi ddn gia quyin bo chgy.
Qudn Xiem vdo thd cda bdt bd ddn bd con
gdi, vd vet ngge lua cua edi rdi rut vi.
Tudng XUm thdy cu (tUc Mgc Cdu) Id ngUdi
hiing ddng cUang nghi, trong bung rdt min,
bin ddi ddi td tivd khuyin du cu ciing theo
ve nUdc. Cu khdng cd cdch ndo td chdi,
ddnh theo hg ve phuang bde. Vua Xiim
nom thdy tUdng mgo cu thi mdng rd lUu gid
cu d lgi.. Gap hii nUde Xiim xdy ra ndi
logn, cu liin ngdm ddn ddt ddn chung di
theo trd lai ddt Long Ky (14)" (15).
Hai nfim sau, dng trd'n ve dflde vfi bfit
tay vfio cong eupe khdi phye Hfi Tien. Nhfl
vfiy, cac ket qua nghiin cflu trfldc day cho

lfi Mac Cflu hi qufln Xiem bfit va dng da
trdn vd Long Ky, aau do trd lai vdi dfi't Hfi
Tien lfi khfing ehinh xac; ngay ca tflc gia
bfii viet nfly eung ed sfl nhfim iSn trong mdt
bfli edng bdgfin day (16).
Gfin dfiy, bfln ve sfl vide Mac Cflu sang
Xiem vfio nfim 1688, ed y kien eho lfi do ban
thfln Mae Ciiu mudn tim sfl an toan tinh
mang chfl khdng phai bj qufin Xiem bfit:
"Ndm 1688 cd mot sU cd xdy ra tgi Nam
Vang: nhiiu kiiu ddn ngUdi Hoa bi ngUdi
Khmer bat giit. Nguyin nhdn Id ddm tdn
qudn kiiu binh ngUdi Hoa ddng d My Tho


Itghian Clhi Ljeh aCi. s6 4.2011
dd cUdp gidt ngUdi qua lgi trSn sdng Tiin.
Hg khdng ehi eon sdng ndy, ldm nghft
dudng ra biin. Cdc vtf cUdp bde lan ddn din
Nam Vang. NgUdi Khmer vd ciing phdn nd
Hg liing bdt ngUdi Hoa dem giit ditrd thit.
Mgc Cvtu cdng Id ngUdi Hoa, ban thdn bj,
md't an ninh nin dng phdi trd'n chgy sang
Xiim. Nhu vdy, Mgc Cdu qua XUm la di t}
ngn chU khdng phdi bi qudn XUm bdt" (17).
Xem xdt vd efie sy kifin cd lidn quan gifla
ngfldi Hoa do sfl tranh chfi'p ciia nhdm
Hofing Tidn vfi Dfldng Ng^n Djch. Nfim
1688, Dfldng Ngan Djch bj Hofing Tidn gifit.
Tidn cho qufin ldng hfinh, cfldp bdc. Chfla

NguySn cho qufin dflnh vfi gidt dfl^ Hofing
Tidn vfio nflm 1689, tinh thd d My Tho mdi
on dinh. Cflng thdi didm nfiy qufin Xifim
sang danh Chan L^p, dfinh pha Hfl Tifin
dfin dfi'n vide M^e Ciiu qua Xifim vfio nfim
1688. Nen y kidn eho lfi Mae Ciiu bj qufln
Xiem bfit vd nfldc thi thflt khd sfle thuydt
phyc.
Chfin Lap ngfiy cfing suy ydu, npi chidn
lien mien, 1^ thfldng xuyen dflng trfldc
nguy ed bj qufin Xiem xflm Iflpe, trong khi
do thanh thfi ciia chfla NguySn ngfiy cfing
Ifin eao. Lfinh tho cua chua NguySn lue nfly
vflo tdi midn Ddng vfi mdt phfin eiia Tfiy
Nam Bp, Phu Gia Djnh da dfl^c Ifip nen cho
thfi'y vi thd cua chua NguySn anh hfldng
mgnh md tren dfi't Chfln Lgp. Vi thd, Mgc
Ciiu da hfldng ddn chfla NguySn, nhfl tim
vd mpt eho dfla tin e$y hdn. Nfim 1708, dng
da eflng thupe ha lfi Trfldng Cfiu vfi Ly Xfi
mang td bidu trfin tinh, ngpc lya vflpt ngfln
d$m xa ra t ^ thu phii Phu Xuan dfi g$p
chua NguySn, xflng thfin vfi xin lfim Hfi
TiSn trfldng. Cupe g^p gd tgo nfin bflde
ngofit dfii vdi ca Hfi Tidn Ifin Dfing Trong
nfly diSn ra nhfl sau: "Chua (NguySn Phflc
Chu) thdy Mgc Cdu tUdng mgo khdi ki^t, cd
ehi dn edn khen la trung thdnh, sdc eho

ldm ddt phu thudc, ggi Id trdn Hd TUn,

phong Cdu ldm tdng binh, ban cho dn thtf.
Lgi sai n^i thdn trong cung tiin ra tdi ngodi
eda dd thdnh, ngUdi ta diu eho Id vinh dd'
(18).
Nhfl vfiy, dfin nfim 1708, vdi eudc gfip gd
mang tinh chfi't ljch sii nfiy, trfin Hfi Tifin
rfing ldn tfl Kifin Giang cho ddn t$n Cfi
Mau dfl thude \& Dfing Trong. Chinh uy thfi
ldn mgnh eiia cbda NguySn trdn khfip bd
edi Chfln Lgp da bid'n thfinh m^t sfle mgnh
didu ky dfi lanh thfi Dfing Trong ngfiy cfing
dfl(^ md rdng ra. Vflng dfit Hfi Tifin rfing
ldn hdi dd da dfl^ afip nb^p vfio Dfing
Trong, Iflnh thfi eua chfla NguySn md rfing
ddn t^n eye Nam, trong dd cd nhifiu tdn dfit
nfim trdn lanh thd Campuehia, sfit biSn
gidi nfldc ta ngfly nay.
Chfla NguySn vdi tfim nhin xa, sy khfin
khdo vfl tinh thfin trpng ke hidn tfli, kha
nflng dflng ngfldi da mang vfi cho minh dai
dfi't ven bd bifin vjnh Xiem La, mfi tfl dfiy
chua cd thfi dflng lfim bfin dap dfi trfl len
phia Dfing, noi hdn midn Tifin Giang.
Hfi Tidn trd thflnh mfit ddn vj hfinh
chinh trye thu^c Dflng Trong, nhflng lfi mfit
ddn vj hflnh chinh d^c bifit. Tfnh chfit "ty
tri" cua Hfl Tien khfi cao vl ehua NguySn
khdng can thifip sau vflo cfing vi§c quan ly
ndi dfiy mfi chvi yfiu Ifl giao cho Mgc Ciiu ty
quan.

L5 di nhien, khdng phai vd ed mfi ehiia
NguySn Phflc Chu lgi td ra dS dai dfii vdi
mpt vflng dfi't rfing ldn nhfl v^y. Difiu dfi lfi
kdt qua ciia mfit sy nhfin thfle -v&a. dfi mfit
efich dflng dfin, h ^ ly: Mge Ciiu da chii
dpng, ti^ nguydn tim ddn chua dflng dfit,
khdng ly ^ mfi dng ta c6 t h l quay Ifli^ tgo
phan; hdn ni3a chua cung chfla du difiu
kipn dfi vdi tay sflu ddn viing dfi't nfiy.
Chinh cfich giai quyfit vfiii dfi cua chfla
NguySn Phflc Chu nhfl v^y da tgo ndn sfl


Vi^z si dung ngirtrt Ijoa..
ty chu, nfing dpng eho Hfi Tien. Hfi Tien tfl
gid phflt dd cung yfin d'n vi dfl dfl^ nfim
trong tfim cai quan ciia chua NguySn,
khdng con phai lo nggi sfl dflnh phfi cua
quan Xi@m.
Sfl tin tfldng, edi md, thoang dgt eiia
chua NguySn da tgo nSn sy khich lfi ddi vdi
Mgc Ciiu. Sau khi tfl Phfl Xufin trd vi, vdi
tfl cflch lfi mpt vien quan Td'ng binh, mfit
"bfi tdi dfle bifit" cua chua NguySn, Mgc
Ciiu c6 nhieu chinh sflch tfch eye d6 thu
hut dfin cfl, phfit trifin Hfi Tien. 6ng cho
xfiy thflnh quflch, di^ng doanh trgi, xfip d^t
lifiu thupe, d$t nhifiu qufln khfleh dfi ddn
tidp ke hidn tfii nen dfin tfip trung vfi Hfi
Tifin ngfly mdt ddng due. Sy nS lyc eua Mge

Ciiu ddi vdi sy phat trifin thjnh vfldng ciia
Hfl Tifin da dflpc tfic gia sflch Dgi Nam li^t
truyin tiin biin danh gifl nhfl Ifl "mdt dd
hdi nho" (19).
C6 mpt didu bufic chflng ta phai Iflu y
dfii vdi qufi trinh khai pha dfl't Hfl Tifin ciia
cfle chfla Nguyen, dd lfi phan flng ciia Chfin
Lgp sau khi Mgc Ciiu dang dfl't eho chfla
NguySn.
Chfln Lgp vfio thdi ky nfiy trd thfinh
vflng dfit dai bj gifinh gifit gifla Xidm vfi
Dfing Trong. Ban thfin trong hofing gia
Chfin Lap cung chia Iflm 2 phe: phe Nfic
Yem - con ciia N^c Nfin do chua NguySn
lap nen vfi phe N^c Thu vfi con lfi N$e
Tham nfldng nhd vua Xiem. Tuy v4y, N^c
Thu v i n lfim nghia vy e^ng nap eho chfla
Nguyen. Chua NguySn da trgn 2 Ifin v6 \i
N$c Thu nhflng khdng dat kdt qua. Chidn
tranh hfin mien gifla hai phe phai trong npi
bd Chfln Lgp cflng vdi sy hd tr^ eua hai thd
lyc h^u thufin lfi Dfing Trong va Xiem luon
diSn ra, gay bfit d'n cho ChSn Lap.
Dfin thang 2 nfim 1715, N$e Thflm vdi
sfl h6 trd hflng h^u cua quan Xiem da chpn
Hfl Tien lam dfch ngfim trong cupe chidn

45
vdi N^e Yfim. Trong trfin dfinh nfiy, vua
Xifim dich thfin chi huy, dem 3.000 thuy

qufln cflng Nfic Thflm tifi'n dflnh Hfi Tien.
Do bfi't ngd, khdng phdng bj nfin Mge Ciu
khdng ehd'ng cy dflpc, chi gifl dflpc dfit Lung
Ky (Ludng Cfiy). N$e Thfim cfldp hfit cua
cai ciia Hfl Tifin mang di. Sau khi cd sy thu
xdp gifla N^e Yfim vdi vua Xiem thi qufin
Xifim rut khdi lanh thfi Chfin Lgp. Mgc
Ctfu quay trd lgi Hfi Tifin, "dip thdnh ddt,
ddt xieh hdu xa dildm ki phdng thu" (20).
Cd thfi ndi rfing ehinh Mgc Ciiu lfi ngfldi
cd eong dfiu trong vific d$t nfin mdng vfl
phflt trien trfi'n Hfi Tien, mang lgi cho
Dfing Trong mpt vflng' lanh tho rfing ldn,
gifiu ed. Ndi dfin sy nghifip md mang khai
phfl trfiii Hfi Tifin, khong thfi khdng ndi dfin
nhfln v4t d$e bidt nfiy. 6ng dflpc chiia
NguySn phong tflng lfi Khai trfin Thflpng
tru qudc Dgi tfldng quan Vu nghi cong.
Sau khi Mgc Ciiu mfi't nfim 1735, eon
dng Ifl Mge Thien Tfl (1706 - 1780), thfla kd
chflc vu Tong binh trflii Hfi Tien, tiep tyc
sy nghifip xfiy dflng Ha Tien ciia cha. Mac
Thien Tfl da khdng nhflng bao v^, ke thfla
nhiing thfinh qua cua Mae Cvtu da gay
dflng mfl ong edn dfla Hfl Tien ngfiy cfing
phflt trien vfi ea mflc dp thinh vflpng Ifin sfl
md rfing vi lanh thfi vdi cdng lao to ldn
trong vipe ndi rpng lanh thd ciia Dfing
Trong vi phfa Tay.
Mac Thien Tfl mang trong minh hai

ddng mflu Hoa - Vipt vfl sfl xufi't hipn cua
ong trfin coi ddi cung dflpc sii sach ghi lai
vdi mfiu sfic huyen bi, "...Ziic sinh ra dd cd
diim Ig,. TrUdc dd trin eon sdng chd Cihi d
tgi Trung Ki, chat xudt hien mot pho tUang
vdng eao 7 thUdc, dnh sdng chdi ngdi trin
mat nUdc. Cd nhd sU ngUdi Man trdng thdy
kinh Ig, ndi vdi Cihi rdng: "Dd Id diim
trong nude xudt hi$n ngUdi tdi gioi. phue
ddc khdng biit ddu md ki". Cdu sai ngiM


Kghian dhi lAch sJr, s6 4.2011
keo lin, nhUng diing each ndo cdng khdng
lay chuyin dUpe pho tUpng, bin d^tng mdt
ngdi chiia nho trin bd sdng gdn chi dd di
thd. Thiin Td cdng sinh trong ndm dy,
ngudi ta truyin Id bdc Bd Tdt xud'ng trdn"
(21).
Mae Thien Tfl dflpc xem ifl ngfldi thdng
minh mfin tidp, dqc rfing kinh aii vfi tinh
thdng vfi Iflpc. Thay cha Iflm Td'ng binh
trfl'n Hfi Tien, dng dflpe chfla NguySn Phue
Chu ban eho nhifiu flu dai: cho 3 chide
thuyfin long bfii dflpe miSn thud vfi sai md
Cye due tifin dfi thu$n ti^n cho budn bfln
(22). 6ng cdn dflpe ehfla ban eho bd^n "dgo
efio sfic" dfi phong cho cfle vien cai dpi, dfii
trfldng d trfl'n.
Phfit huy hdn nfla nhflng gl cha minh da

gfly dflng nen, Mgc Thifin Tfl tfch cfle xfly
dflng vfl thfle hi^n mpt so cai cfich doi vdi
Hfl TiSn. Mpt mfit, dng chia dfit nha thupc,
kdn qufln linh, xfly dyng thfinh bao, md ehp
bua khien eho thfldng nhfln trong nflde vfi
nfldc ngofli den cfing ngfiy efing ddng. M^t
khae, dng lai rfi't chu trpng den hpe vfl'n khi
mdi gpi, ehieu ngp ke si bfin phfldng den Hfi
Tien. Dflc bi^t, dng eho md Chifiu Anh Cac
lfim ndi bfin lufin hpc vfin, xfldng hpa thi
vfin. Tflp Hd Tiin thdp vinh (mfldi bfii thd
vinh canh Hfl Tien) lfi mpt trong nhflng tflc
phfim noi tidng nhfi't vfi cdn Iflu truydn ddn
ngfly nay cua Chieu Anh Cfle. Vdi nhflng
hogt dfing vi hpe thufit eua minh, vfi vdi sfl
ra ddi cua ChiSu Anh Cac vfi Hd Tiin thdp
vinh, Mae Thifin Tfl da dfla ndn hpc vfi'n
dfin vdi ngfldi dfln Hfi Tien, khidn cho
"ngUdi Hd Tiin td dd mdi biit hgc hdnh"
(23).
Cdng cupe dfiu tranh Ai bao v$ trfin Hfi
Tien trfldc sy uy hifip, nhdm ngd cua Chfin
Lap vfl Xiem eung trd ndn rfi't cam go dfldi
thdi Mgc Thifin Tfl.

Chfin Lgp mfi't dfi't nen rfl't oan hfin Mgc
Ciiu. Vfio nfim 1739, nhfin khi Mgc Thidn
Tfl mdi ldn kd nghifip cha, cdn chfla dii sflc
phdng bi Hfi Tidn, vua Chfln Lgp Ifi N^c
Bfin da mang qufin xfim Ifl'n Hfi Tidn. Tuy

vfiy, Mgc Thidn Tfl vdi sy giup sfle tfeh eye
cua vIfldng, dfi chi huy qufln dfinh thfing trfin,
bao vfi d\if^c binh ydn cho trfi'n Hfi TiSn.
6ng dflpc chua NguySn Phflc Khofit d$c
phong lfim Tfldng qufln Dd ddc, ban cho ao
bfio dd, mao vfl dfiy Iflng; vp dng dflpe phong
lfim Phu nhfin. Tfl dd, Hfi Tien khdng edn
bi Chfin Lgp nhdm ngfi nfla (24).
Vdi Xiem, Hfi Tien cflng lfi mpt difim
ngfim thfldng xuyen trong chfnh sflch bflnh
trfldng lfinh thd' cua minh. Mgc Thifin Tfl
da phdi hpp vdi qufln eua chua NguySn l$p
ndn nhflng chidn thfing vang dpi nhfl d tr$n
chidn nfim 1767 ddi vdi cupe tifin cdng ciia
vua Cfli (Boromoraja), nhflng ciing cd Ifin
thfl't bgi nhfl trong trfln dflnh nfim 1771
(25).
Tuy vfiy, edng lao ciia Mgc Thidn Tfl dfii
vdi Hfi Tifin lfi rfi't to ldn. Ddng gdp ldn
nhfi't eiia Mae Thien Tfl Ifl dng khdng
nhflng da thfinh edng trong v i ^ bao vp Hfi
Tifin thoflt khoi mdi hfin mfi't dfi't cua
Chfin Lgp, mfl d$c bidt, cdn md them dfit
cho trfi'n Hfi Tifin, khid'n cho lanh thfi
Dflng Trong eua ehua NguySn ngfiy cfing
thfim rfing ldn hdn.
Dd lfi vfio mfla xufln nflm 1756, vua
Chfln Lgp lfi N^e Nguyen uy hiep ngfldi
Cdn Man, bj chfla Nguyen sai qufin danh

bgi, phai tron sang Hfi Tien nfldng nhd Mgc
Thien Tfl. Vdi v i ^ che chd cho vua N$c
Nguydn, Mgc Thifin Tfl da dem vi eho trfih
Hfl Tifin ndi rifing vfi Dfing Trong ndi ehung
them mfit phfin dfi't mdi eiia Chan Lap lfi
hai phii Tfim Bdn vfi Ldi Lap (sau trfl
thfinh phii Gd Cdng vfi phii Tan An) khi vj


Vi^c sir dung ngirdi l^on...
vua Chan Lgp nfly nhd Mae Thien Tfl tau
Ifin chfla Nguyen y nguyfin hidn dfl't dfi
ehufic tfii (26).

hinh ve mpt ehinh sach tien bp cua chua
NguySn ddi vdi ngogi kifi'u da dfi lgi mpt di
san vfin hofl dpe dao ciia dfin tpc. Tae gia
Tiep d6, nflm 1757, sau khi dng dflng ra Chflu Thj Hai, chuyen gia nghidn cflu vi
sfip xe'p, xin chua NguySn cho N$c Tdn Iflm ngfldi Hoa tgi Vipt Nam dfi ed nh^n xfit rfl't
vua Chan Lgp, N^e Tdn da dflng dfi't eho x&c dfing vi trfldng hpp chua NguySn stf
chfla Nguyen vfl Mgc Thien Tfl: "Chua dyng ngfldi Hoa tgi Hfl Tifin: "Hd Tien trd
phong Tdn ldm qudc vUang Chdn Lgp, sai thdnh vdng dd't diin hinh eda stf di cU,
Than Td hg tdng vi nUde, Tdn bin hii'n ddt edng cU, hod nhdp vd thd'ng nhd't gida cde
Tdm Phong Long, lgi cdt ddt 5 phd Vdng tde ngudi khde nhau vdi nhdng ddc trUng
Tham, Cdn Vgt, Chung Ritm, Sdi Mgt, vdn hod cung hodn todn khdc nhau. Con
Linh Quynh di tg riing Thiin Td' (27). dudng chuyin tdi vd hdi nhdp van hod md
Mac Thien Tfl da dflng hfit 5 phfin dfi't fiy cha con Mgc Cihi kiin tgo khdng gid'ng vdi
cho chua NguySn, Cung trong nflm nfly, bdt cd con dUdng ndo trong qud trinh tiip
ong d$t "xd Rach Gid ldm dgo Kiin Giang, xuc vd giao lUu vdn hod Viet- Hoa" (29).
xd Cd Mau ldm dgo Long Xuyin, ddt quan

Sau 78 nfim kl tfl ngfiy Dfldng Ngan
cai tri, chieu ddn ldp dp, khiin cho bd eoi Dich den My Tho (1679- 1757), 49 nfim sfip
cua trd'n Hd Tien ngdy edng md rgng thim" nhflp trfin Hfi Tien (1708 - 1757), cufii eflng,
(28), Tfl dfiy, dia vyc tfl H&u Giang ra dfin chfla NguySn dfl cd dflpc vflng dfi't rdng ldn,
bien phia Dong vfl phfa Tay Nam dfl't nfldc mfiu md nfim gifla khu vflc TrSii Bifin,
deu da thude ve chua Nguyen.
Phifin Trfiii vfi trfin Hfi Tien. Do la kdt qua
Nhfl vfly, noi tiep eha, Mgc Thifin Tfl da
tan trung vdi chua NguySn, tfeh eye xfly
dflng vfl md rfing trflin Hfi Tien, dem lgi cho
chua Nguyen mpt phfin lanh thd rpng ldn,
bao gdm phfin ldn eac tinh cfle Nam ciia
Tay Nam Bd ngfly nay.
Qua dd, ed t h l thfl'y rfing, chua Nguyen
cd dflpc trf&i Hfl Tien rdng ldn nhfl vfiy lfi
khdng ehi nhd vflo thanh thfi ldn mgnh mfl
edn nhd vflo kha nfing dung ngfldi tfli eiia
minh. Chi'nh sy tin tfldng, cdi md, vo vd
Cling nhieu ehinh sach flu dai, hpp tinh hpp
ly, trpng dung ngfldi tfii cua chua NguySn
da khidn cho nhfling ngfldi Hoa trfin dfi't
Nam Bfi cd dieu kifin phflt huy het long
trung thfinh va tfii nfing cua minh de phyc
vy cho cdng cude xfiy dflng vfi phflt trien
Dfing Trong.
Ha Tien khfing nhflng Ifl canh ciia rdng
md ddn chua NguySn den vdi midn Tfiy
Nam Bp ma edn Ifl mdt d i n chflng dien

mpt qua trinh dfiu tranh gian kho eua

nhfin dfin ta trong dd cd nguyen nhan lfi do
thdi cd tfl ben ngofii dfla lai vfl ehfnh sflch
sii dyng ngfldi Hoa dung dfin ciia eae ehua
Nguyen.
Hofin canh ljeh sfl cfie chua Nguyin md
dfl't Dfing Trong lfi mpt ldi thd hiem co ciia
Vipt Nam. Dd lfi luc ehfla NguySn bi sflc Sp
mang tinh sfing eon cua chfla Trjnh d Dfing
Ngofli, trong lue ehfla NguySn mudn tdn tgi
vfi khfing dinh vi the dpc Iflp. Dd lfi luc
nfldc ChSmpa vfi Chfln Lgp d phfldng nam
suy yfiu, npi bfi mau thufin dang tim eho
dfla tfl bSn ngofli. Sfl ra ddi eiia Dfing
Trong Ifl thdi ky thinh vflpng cua ndn
thfldng mgi chfiu A, tieu bieu lfi Trung
Quoc vfi Nhfit Ban vfi cung lfi thdi ky phdn
thjnh dgi hfing hai cua the gidi phfldng Tfiy
tren cd sd nen cdng nghi?p eiia kinh td tfl
ban phat trien dang ehinh phyc cfle luc dja
de tim kid'm thi trfldng vfi nguySn Upu mdi.


Rghian edu Heh sit, atf 4.2011
Bdi canh dd da dfin dfi'n ehinh sflch md ctta
cua cfle chfla NguySn. Cfle ehfla NguySn dfi
rfing md di ddn tfi't ea Hoa thfldng ddn
budn bfin vfi cho hp l|ip phd'cfl tru.

dfi xfiy dyng vfi phfit triln doanh thfldng
mfi trfldng hyp eha eon Mge Ciiu d Hfi TiSn

lfi mfit diln hinh vd hfi qua cua chinh sfieh
sii dyng ngfldi Hoa ciia cfle chua NguySn.

Lye Ifldng ngfldi Hoa dfin vdi Dfing
Trong ngfly cfing ddng, nhfi't lfi sau khi Ifin
sdng phan Thanh phye Minh bj thfi't bgi
vfio nfim 1679. Chfnh yfiu tfi lich stt nfiy dfi
tgo nSn cd duySn dfi chua NguySn phfit huy
uy thd eiia minh d mifin Tfiy Nam Bfi qua
nhdm Dfldng Nggn Dieh d My Tho (1679)
vfi Mge Ciiu d Hfi TiSn (1708), Cfle nhdm
ngfldi Hoa nfiy dfi tim dflpc vflng dfl't ly
tfldng d l mflu sinh lgi dflpc cfle ehua
NguySn flu dfii nen da dfla hdt nfing lye ra

Vifie cfie chua NguySn sii syng ngfldi
Hoa trong vific khai th&c midn T&y Nam
Bfi qua hai nhdm di d&n Dfldng Nggn
Dich tgi My Tho vfi Mgc Ciiu tgi Hfi TiSn
lfi mfit thfinh qua ldn lao dfi d l lgi mfit tfii
san vd gifl vfi lfi bfii hpc sflu sfic vi chinh
sfieh sfl dyng nhfln lye, nhfi^t Ifl vdi ngfldi
nflde ngofii trong vifie xfiy dflng dfit nflde,
xfiy dyng khdi dofin kfit cfing ddng dfin
tfic trong dgi gia dinh c&c dfin tfic Vidt
Nam.

CHU THiCH
(1). Quoc sfl quin trilu Nguyin, D<^ Nam thtfc
luc tiin biin, Nxb. Sfl hpc. H i Npi, 1962, tr. 125.

(2). Qu6c sfl quan trilu Nguyin, Dgi Nam thtfc
luc tiin bien, sdd, tr. 125.
(3). TrUdng Ngijc Tucing, My Tho dgi phi, T^p
chf Xiia & Nay e l 344, 2009, tr. 5.
(4), Dl Thj Hft. "Ngudi Hoa dfii vfii qui trinh
hinh t h i n h v i p h i t t n l n dfi thj My Tho", T^p chf
Xiia & Nay 8S'344, 2009, tr. 15.
(5). Nay l i xQ R^ch Nfln thu^c sfing Vim Co.

cfi vilt v l Rgch Milu - m^t dja chf khfing xa My
Tho v i Rgch Cii Nhum, nOi dfiy cdn di duf ngudi
Hoa: "Din Rgch Cfii Nhum, r^ch o b& bin phai,
r^ng 6 t i m (1 tfim tUOng dUOng 1,111 m4t), siu 1
t^m, hai b£n bd cflng nhilu ngufin r^ch niy l i nhi
cfla ciia ngUcti Tiy Dudng, l i ndi nhilu rupng
vudn, giQa dfi cfi n h i cfla ngUtii Hoa" [Ll Quang
Djnh, Hodng Vi4t nhdt thing dii dia chi. Ban djch
Phan Ding, Nxb, T h u ^ Hoi - Trung t i m Vin hoi
ngfin nga Dfing Tfiy, 2005, tr. 320.
(10), Trjnh Hofii Dflc, Gia Dinh thdnh thdng
chi, D5 M§ng KhUdng, Nguyin Ngpc "nnh djch,

(6). Qufic sfl quin t n l u Nguyin, Dgi Nam thtfc
luc tiin biin, edd, tr. 136.

Nxb. Giio dye. H i N^i, 1999, tr. 119-120.

(7). Qufic sfl quin trilu Nguyin, Dgi Nam thtfc
luc tiin biin, sdd. tr. 136.

truy4n tiin biin, Cao Ty Thanh djch, Nxb, Khoa

(11). Quic afl quin trilu Nguyin, Dgi Nam li4t

(8). Tniong Ngpc Tudng My Tho dgi phi',
chiXUa & Nay, sfi'344. 2009, tr 5.

T^p

(9). Vio dSu t h l ky XDC, khi biln sogn afich
Hodng Vi4t nhdt thing dU dia chi, L l Quang Djnh

hpc xfi hfi. H i Nfi, 1995, tr. 240.
(12). Qufic sfl q u i n t n l u Nguyin, Dgi Nam
thtfc lgc tiin biin, add, tr. 167.
(13). Qufic sfl q u i n trilu Nguyin, Dgi Nam li4t
truydn tiin biin, sdd, tr. 240.


V i ^ siSr dyng ngirdi ^on...

49

(14). Theo Cao Tfl Thanh djch v i gifii thi^u
sich Dgi Nam Hit truyin tiin bien thl LQng K^
chii Nfim djch t h i n h chQ TrQng Ki. nay fl khu vflc
phfa bic H i Tiln, gin afing Triing Ki [Dgi Nam

Tdt xuing trdn" [Dgi Nam li^t truydn tiin
sdd, tr, 242].

biin,

(15), Hd Tiin hiip trdn Mgc thi gia phd, Nxb.
T h l gidl, H i N^i, 2006, tr. 37- 38.

liet truyin tiin biin, add, tr. 242]. Sich Dgi Nam
thtfc luc tiin bien djch l i LuS'ng Ciy [ tr. 167]. Tic
gia TrUdng Minh D^t cho r i n g LQng Ky cfin gpi l i
Trung Ki l i m$t trong nhQng chi di't ban ddu
M^c Cxlu d i n H i Tiln n&m fl giQa Rfiam v i Sri
Cham, phfa tfiy bfic Phii Qufic [Tniong Minh D^t,
Ngiin ciiu Hd Tiin, Tgp chf Xiia&Nay • Nxb. Tri,
2008, tr. 68], Nguyin Vin Nguyfin chd thfch vl dja
danh Long K^. cfin gpi l i Ddng Khoai theo sOt Xifim
n&m ngoii t h i n h Vpng Cic (Thii Lan) hoic l i
Ream nay t h u ^ Camphuchia [Hd Tiin hiip

trin

Mgc thi gia phd, Nxb. T h l gidi, H i Npi. 2006. tr,
38]. Tfii cho rfing LQng KJ cfi nhilu ten gpi do cich
djch tfl chQ NSm v i tfl tilng Khmer, nhung LQng
K^ khfing phai l i Phii qufic, cung khfing phai n i m
trgn dfit Thii lan. LQng Ky l i t i n con song gin H i
Tifin ndi cfi ngfii n h i cua Mgc Cflu v i l i ndi sinh ra
Mac Thifin Tfl. T i i li^u Qufic sfl quan trilu

(16). Dl Quynh Nga, "Qui trinh mfl trfin H i
Tifin dudi thfli cfic chiia Nguyin", Ky ylu H$i thao

khoa hpc Di sdn vdn hod Hd TUn bdo tdn vd phdt
triin, Uy ban Nhfln d i n tinh Kifin Giang, Vi^n
Vin hoi Ngh? thu^t Vi§t Nam t l chflc. H i Tifin.
2009, tr. 19-26.
(17). Truong Mmh D^it, 'Tao din Chifiu anh
cic. nhQng p h i t ht^n mdi v i vi^c bio tin - phit
huy", Hfl thao khoa hpc Di sdn cdn hod Hd Tiin:
Bdo tSn vdphdt triin, Sfl Vin hoi, Thl thao v i Du
ljch tinh Kien Giang - Phfin vi^n Vin hoi Ngh$
thuftt Vi§t Nam t^i Thinh phfi" Hfi Chf Minh t l
chflc. H i Tifin. 2009, tr. 189.
(18), (19). Dgi Nam liit truyin tiin bUn, add, tr.
241.
(20), (22). (23). Quoc ait quan trilu Nguyin, Dgi
Nam thtfc luc tiin bien, sdd, tr. 181, 198-199, 199.

Nguyin cho bilt: "Tnidc dd trin con sdng cho Ciu
d tgi TrUng Ke, chgt xudt hien mdt pho tumg vdng
cao 7 thudc, dnh adng chdi ngiJi trin mgt niidc. Cd
nhd sU ngiidi Man trdng thiy kinh Ig, ndi vdi Ciu
rang: "Do Id diim trong nUdc xudt hien ngiidi tdt
gidi. phdc ditc khdng biit ddu md ki"... Thien

Ti

cung sinh trong ndm iy, ngUdi ta truyin Id bd^ BS

(21), (24), (25), (26), (27), (28). Oai Nom liit
truyin tiin biin, sdd, 242, 243, 245, 244, 244, 244.
(29). Chiu Thj Hai, "Budc dfiu tim hiiu qufi

trinh tilp xiic v i giao luu v i n hoi Vi^t - Hoa trong
ljch sii", Hgi thdo qudc tiViit Nam hgc ldn thi
nhit, 1998, Nxb, T h l Gidi, H i N§i, 2000, tr. 174.