CẢI CÁCH CHÍNH TRỊ VÀ CÁI CÁCH BỘ MÁY CHÍNH QUYỀN Ở VIỆT NAM THẬP NIÊN 30

CHUONG TRlNH "CAI CACH" CHfNH TRI VA "CAI CACH'
Bd MAY CHfNH QUYiN CUA PIERRE PASQUIER Of V l U NAM
TRONG NHONG N A M D A U THAP N I I N 30, V/H KY XX
TATHITHtJY'

2a bai vigt trUdc, chiing t6i da di cfiip
\Jd^n sxi thay ddi chinli s&ch thupe dia
va nhiing npi dung cd ban ciia chfnh sach
thupe dia "mdi" mk Piprre Pasquier da
hoaeh dinh eho Ddng DUdng noi ehung,
Vipt Nam n6i riing thong qua mpt "ChUdng
tnnh cai caeh" to 16n nhu da bigt, di doi
ph6 v6i cupc kfaiing hoang \i kinh tl? v^
eupe "khiing hoang thupe dia" diiu nhiing
nam 30. Trong hki vilSt n&y, ehiing I6i se
trinh bay vi vipc triln khai tren thUc t^
ehfnh sach thupe dia hay la ehUdng trinh
"eai each" tren eac linh viie chfnh trj vk bp
may chfnh quy^n eiia Pidrre Pasquier.

ngudi Phap lien bai bo lu6n eh^ do bao h6 3
hai xii nky. Ngky 6-11-1925, Ton ThSt Hfin,
dai di§n Hoi dong phu chfnh kf vdi Tokn
quyin Ddng DUdng Alexandre Varenne mfit
Thoa xidc. Theo dgy, ehfnh quyIn Phap
thiia nh&n Vinh Thuy Ik Dai Nam holing
di, nhung ehi nhiing 1§ dinh li§n quan din
diin li, vi§e an thfch, &n xa, t&ng phong eae
hftm tudc, chiie s4c mdi do HolUig d l ban
chi di^, cdn lai, tSit ca nhiing vifc khac vl
hinh hien, tU phap, tri an trong nUdc, vi$c

sip d&t eac cdng vu, vide lUa chon bl dung
quan lai se thuoc quyin nhft nUdc bao hd.
Ridng d Trung K^, KhSm sii Phdp sd "bdm
1. "Cdi cdch" chinh trf, khoi phuc bgc" vdi Hdi dong thUdng thU vl moi vi§e
dd. Vi$e b l dung vk bai miin thxitfng thxi Ik
ch^ dp Bdo hd
Theo tinh thSn Hipp xidc 6-6-1884, Nam quyIn Hoftng d l nhitng phai hoi f kiln
K^ \k xii thupe dia, vipe quan If dUpc thiie Khim sii vk phai dUdc Tokn quyIn Ddng
hipn theo phiidng phap trUc trj, hai xiji eon DUdng thdng qua. Thoa Udc nky cdn cho
lai (Bie K^ vk Trung K^) 1ft hai xii bao ho. sap nh&p ngan sach Nam trilu vko Ngdn
Vi danh nghla, 5 hai xit bao h6 nky "nhd sach Trung K;^ eua ehfnh quyIn thu^c dia
vua vdn cdn co quyen trong viic qudn tri vk quy dinh cac eu^c hop eua H$i dong
ddt nUdc", bPn e ^ h ehfnh quyIn thi^e dan. ThUdng thu phai do Kham sii Trung K;^
Tuy nhien, nftm 1925, khi vua Khai Dinh chii tri. Dilu dd cd ughia \k thUc dSn Phdp
ehgt, Dong cung Thai tii VTnh Thyy ke vi da nim moi quyIn liic eiia Nam trilu ciing
nhitng cdn nho, lai dang du hpc bgn Ph&p, nhu xda bo hodn todn chi dq bao ho dii Id

• PGS.TS. Vi$n Sii hoc


Rghi&i cihi Lieh siSr. stf 7.2011
gia hidu vd thiic thi c h i do tnic tri tren dia
hat Trung Ky vd ca b Bie Kf Id xii tvi
1897, sau khi bai chute Kinh lUdc cua Trilu
(finh Hul, tren thiie te da Id xii tnic trj gin
giong vdi Nam K;^. Trilu dinh H u l thiic sii
ehi cdn Id hii nhin do ehfnh quyIn thiic ddn
tra lUdng.

thi quylt tam thay dii chinh saeh thude dia

(cdn gpi Id ehiln liidc thupe dia) (3), trd lai
vdi c h i dd bao hO, tao ra sii cdu kit chdt
che giiia hai the liic thiie dan vd phong
kiln ciia vidn todn quyin ndy cdng manh
me hdn.
Ndm 1929, Pidrre Pasquier b i t diu khdi
ddng vi§c "cdi cdch quan tntbn^ di phuc
hoat CO may hoen ri dd. Nghi dinh toan
quyin 20-2-1929 nhic Ifd quyin eiia cdc
quan diu tinh Nam trilu trong vide quan
ly ddt dai, dUdi sii kilm soat eiia Cdng sii.

T h i nhiing, vdi eon mdt eiia mpt ehfnh
tri gia ldi ddi cd b l ddy "kinh nghiem" ciia
30 ndm "nam vung" d Ddng DUdng c^ng vdi
vide "tham khdo" nhiing kinh nghidm ciia
La Ma trong vide cai tri bing chfnh sach
"bdo hp" ddi vdi chau Au trUde day (1),
Pidrre Pasquier sii dung gidi "thitOng
Pidrre Pasquier eho ring vide bai bd e h i do ittu tri thdc" di tuyen truyin eho chfnh
bao ho Id khdng "on' ddi vdi "mpt ddn tpc co sdeh ciia nunh. Thdng 5 vd 6-1930, tren td
truyin thdng qudn chi", diia tren nin tang France • Indochine, Ph^m Quynh cho ddng
tu tudng Nho giao. Mpt s l nhan vdt trong lidn tuc ba bdi ludn thuylt vl ehi dp Qudn
gidi thiic dan Ddng DUdng ciing eung quan chu Ldp hien d Vi$t Nam, thiic hidn trd lai
dilm ndy. Doutre mdt ludt sU, phan doi Hidp Udc 1884. Trdn Nam Pfwng, Pham
gay git chfnh sach dong hda, tidu dipt Qu^nh cung viit nhilu bdi yeu elu siia doi
quyIn binh ciia vua quan ban xii, vi theo t h i che chfnh tri d Ddng DUdng, iing hd ehi
dng ta:
dp "bdo fid chat che" vk xdy diing chfnh thi
"MuSh cai tri hiiu nghiim xd ndy phdi Qudn chii Ldp hiln dl"... tfiod thudn cdi tU

ldm cho ddn chung co do tudng Id fig cdn co tudng quoc gia cua ngUdi Annam" (4). Nam
mpt dug vua... Tdt cd nhiing gi do vua md Phong s l 154 (9-1930) ddng nguydn ca bdi
ra se dUde chdp nh&n mpt each kinh cdn. diin thuylt eiia Pidrre Pasquier: LuScft;
thudt tinh hinh Ddng DUOng vd tuyin bd
Tdt cd nhiing gi do chung ta se chi ldm cho
cdi cdch tfidcfiichinh tri, trong dd ed doan:
ngUdi bdn xdphdi chiu diing mpt cdch ngd
"Phdi khdi phuc lgi quyin quan trUdng...
vUc... Co nhu the, mpt ngdy kia neu cdn
khdi
phuc lgi nin nip cua nUdc Nam. Nudc
phdi chi^n ddu cho ta, hg se chien ddu vi co
do tudng Id chi bdo vi 6ng vua ciia hg... Doi Nam dd cd cdi lich sUt qudn chu bdy Idu,
vdi quan lgi cung vdy, chung ta phdi tdn nay kfidng tfii id nUdc khdng qudn chi
trgng dii lgi dung hg vi fig Id dgi diin ciia dugc. Dti ddt vdi ngUdi Annam da cd tU tUdng mdi, ngdi qude tnidng vdn pfidi Id mpt
nhd vua..." (2).
ddng dgc biit dindt doi phung thd qua: td,
Theo tinh thin ndy, Pidrre Pasquier da
tiiu biiu cho quoc hon vd doi vdi thdn ddn
sdm chuin bi cho vi^c "phuc c&\ khdi phue
nhu cfia me ddi vdi con cdi vdy" (5).
trilu ^ n h phong kien vdi ea ngdi vua vd bd
Khi bilt Reynaud sip tdi Hd N$i, ngdy
mdy quan lai Nam trilu da bi Thoa Udc
1925 bai bo. Vd, khi Ddng DUdng rdi vdo 11-12-1931, Pham Qu^nh ndi ro ehu tnidng
tinh trang khiing hoang sau rpng v l kinh ciia gidi tri thiic Bic K;^ Id se:
t l ciing nhii khi cudc d&a tranh eiia nhdn
"... khdng trinh bdy nhihig chi tiit md
ddn Vidt Nam d i n trd thdnli mdt eao trdo niu nhiing thinh cdu diiu cdt yiu di nfidt

Chuong Irtnh "cii ebdf chhih tri..
Id xin cho nUdc Nam mdt cdi chinh ihi tdng thdng dUOc vi Pfidp khdng cho phep'
phAn minh, ngo tidu ctto ngUdi Nam dugc vk nlu nhu ldp tong thong thi "Tong thdng
c6 mdt cdi tdqudc dimd thd, khdng din nSi kfidng Imng vua vi Id vua thi tdp, ddi ddi fti
phdi ldm mdt ngUdi ddn kfidng nUdc" (6). nghiip, coi vdn minh nUdc nhd Id vdn
Thang 6-1932, trdn Nam Pfwng so 173, minh cda minh, vdn minh cda cd nhd, cd
Pham Qu^nh cdn viit cu thi hdn vl v i ^ fig minh, ddi vdi ntidc vdn cd mpt cdi tinh
"cdi cdch" chfnh tri theo thi chi Qudn chii nghia thiit tha thdm trdm hOn". Rli Pham
Qu^nh da kfch ehii nghia ddn chii Id "quay
ldp hiln vdi cdc dilm sau:
cuong xudn ddn^. Id "ddi chu ng Idy chu
"1. Xin vdi Bdo fid trao trd lgi quyin ndi
kia"...
tri cho qude vUdng tfieo ddng nguyin tdc
Thi roi cudc "cdi cdch", dUde khdi ddng
trong diiu Udc Pfidp - Nam ndm Kiin Phuc
ttt
thdng
9-1930, ehinh thiie bit dIu vd Bao
nguyin nUn 6-6-1884, nghia id xin thi
fiAnh dUng chinh sdeh "bdo hd" md bo fian Dai trd thdnh eon bdi trong tay ehfnh phu
thude dia trong "ChUdng trinh cdi cdch" ly.
chinh sach trUc tri nhU td trUdc din nay.
Gin nhu mpi "cdi cdch" ciia Pidrre
2. Xin vdi qu6c vUOng ban fidnh mdt dgo
Pasquier diu thdng qua vi vua bii nhin ndy
hiin pfidp cho qudi: ddn nghia id dinh cdi vd dng ta diing chi Id tay sai eiia ngUdi
chuong trinh cdi cdch chinh tri trong gidi Phdp trong vide ddn dp phong trdo ddn tdc
fign diiu Udc Bdo hp. Bdo hd trd cdi quyin vd khie phuc khung hoang.

fign cho Qude vUOng, Qude vUOng nhUdng
Ngdy 16-8-1932, Bao D^i Idn dudng vl
mdt phdn quyin dd cho quoc ddn md dgt ra
nude. Ngdy 10-9-1932, Bao Dai ra D^o du
mgt bin id ndi cdc trdch nhiim, mdt bin cd
so 1 tuydn bl chip chfnh, hiiy bo ban Thda
nghi viin gidm sdt.
Udc 6-11-1925, khing djnh quyin liic eua
Cdi cdch nhu vdy bdo todn dUOc quyin nhd vua vd trilu cfinh nhd Nguyin, ding
lgi ciia Bdo fid, qudi: vUOng, qude ddn trin thdi tuyen bo eai each trilu chfnh trdn mpi
cd 3 phUdng diin: Vi tinh thdn: nUdc Nam m$t: quan tnidng, hdnh ehfnh, phap ludt,
vdn id nUdc Nam. Vixd fipi: nUdc Vi^t Nam gido dijc... Dil dn vl Chfnh phu Nam trilu
id nudc gia tnidng, qudn chd chuyin chi, mdi, tiie Cd m^t vi§n da dUpc Khdm sit
nay ddi sang Qudn chu lap hiin. duy tri Trung K^ dUa ra vdo thdng 10-1932 vd
nguyin tdc ldp qude vd trdt tU xd fidi, qudn dUdc Bao Dai phd chuIn vdo thang 1-1933.
ddn cdng tri ldm cho ddn dUOc tham gia Theo dd, Hodng dl dUpc eoi Id ngUdi hpp
vdo viic nUdc, xd fipi diiu hod. Vi chinh tri: phdp duy nhdt dai difn cho dd't nUdc, vdi
cd hiin pfuip pfidn minh se co chd di su! chi mdt dilu kidn Id chip nhdn si^ kilm
sodt ciia d?d di§n eiia Phdp vd thay eho vai
dung nhdn tdi"
Thdng 8-1932, trdn Nam Phong s l 175, trd "tri vi" tnide ddy, nay nhd vua dUdc
Pham i^ufnh cdn diia ra ca m^t ding 1^ si^ khodc eho mpt vai trd mang tfnh chit mi
dl bdnh vi^c "chu nghla tdn qudn" ciia ddn Id "dUu khiin ddt nUdc". Cdn d Bic K^,
trudc Hdi ding Ddn bilu Bic K^ 9-11-1932,
ndnh, ndo Id do "qude ddn ta trinh dp thdp
Thing sii Bic K;^ Pages trinh bdy ehUdng
nin nudc ta vdn cdn tdi qUdn chd"...; ring
trinh "cdt cdch chinh tri dBac Ky", trong dd
"Cuong thudng id dgo ddc ludn ly ngdn ddi
khing dinh "cdi cdch" Id ldp lai ehi dd bao

ciia ddn tdc, khdng thi bo dUOc, bo thi xd
hO ch?it ehe d ddy:
hdi tan rd"...; nhiing ciing "khdng thi ldp


Sghito clhi Ljeh sJr. stf 7.2011
trilu dinh H u l vd bd may quan lai Nam
trilu, von chi quen vdi vai trd bii nhin vd
dp bfle, bde lot nhdn ddn, nay dudng nhU
khdng cdn dii sinh liie vd uy liic de giiip
chfnh quyin thiic dan trong v i ^ cai trj vd
khai thdc thude dja nfla. Vi dilu dd, ciing
vdi vide "cdi cdch" v l chfnh trj d trdn,
Pidrre Pasquier da thiie dly nhanh vipc
Vd nhu vdy, cho din khi Bao Dai v l "cdi t^' bd mdy chfnh quyin theo hUdng kit
nUde, vife "cdi cdch" vl t h i c h i chfnh tri hdp gifla cung cl' bd mdy chfnh quyIn ciia
eiia Pidrre Pasquier da edn ban hodn chfnh quyIn thiic ddn vdi vide "phuc hoat"
thdnh. Chi dp tnic tri nvta ehtCng trUde ddy bd may quan lai ban xfl d l ldm cho ca bd
da dUde thay t h i bing chi dd "bdo hd", mdy ehfnh quyin thiie ddn phong kiln
nham "dUng ngUdi Viit tri ngi/di Viif di dd Vidt Nam dii "manh", du "ran", du "khC^
eho Phdp phai ddi dIu tnic didn vdi phong ngoan" di ching phd phong trdo cdch
trdo ddu tranh eiia nhdn dan Vi^t Nam, mang, In djnh trdt tii xa hdi thude dja,
eung tranh dUdc mde cam bi "mdt niidc", giup Phdp thodt ra khdi khiing hoang.
"kfidng cd vua" vk thda man "cdn khat ddc
Vide "cdi t&' bd mdy dUde b i t diu ngay
lap" ciia gidi "dg,i thiidng liiu - tri thdc" ban tfl diu 1930, tfle Id trudc khi "ChUdng trinh
xii liic bdy gid.
cdi cdch" ciia Pidrre Pasquier chfnh thfle
dfldc chfnh quIc chip thudn.
2. "Cdi cdch" b$ may ehinh q u y i n

D& vdi bd mdy hdnh chfnh ciia Phdp d
a. B$ mdy h a n h chinh
thu^c
dja thi vide eiing eo, to chflc lai gin
Sau chid'n tranh t h i gidi Iln I, dl phue
nhu
da
dfldc hoan td't d giai doan trUdc ndn
VU cudc d ^ khai thdc thude dia lin thii hai,
ehfnh phii Phdp da tiln hdnh ciing c l mdt Iln ndy vi$c "cdi cdch" chi Id tilp tuc kidn
lin niia bp mdy chfnh quyin thu^c dja, nhU todn t l chflc hay siia doi mdt chiit v l chfle
da dUde trinh bdy trong cuIn Lich svC Viit ndng, nhiem vu ciia cdc bd phdn ciia nd cho
Nam Tdp VIII 1919-1930 (8). Tuy nhidn, phu hdp vdi hodn canh mdi. Dl thfle hidn
khi cd nhflng "biin cd* diin ra tfl cuH vide ndy, ngdy 13-1-1930, Pidrre Pasquier
nhiing ndm 20 diu nhflng ndm 30 t h i ky ra nghj djnh ldp mdt "Uy ban nghiin ciJdi
XX d Vidt Nani, b§ mdy ehfnh quyin, dUdc cdi cdch cdc phUdng pfidp diiu khiin trong
cung c l theo tU tudng ciia hdi Tam Dilm cae cd quan fidnh chinh cdp liin bang di
Phdp vd vdn hdnh trong hodn eanh tUdng hiin dai hod vd sit dung nhdn sU sao cho cd
dli "hba binh" vk n h i t Id trong m^t c h i d^ ndng sudt cao nhdt" vdi mdt ehii tjch Id
gin nhu tn^c tri ding nhdt tren ca ba xii Ting thu k^ Phii Todn quyin vd ede thdnh
cua Vidt Nam da bj eoi Id khdng miy cdn vidn Id Gidm die Tdi chfnh, Tong thanh tra
"phd hop" nfla. Bdi vi, trong khi bd mdy Cdng chfnh, Tong thanh tra Cdng nghidp
ddn dp vd tU phdp ciia chfnh quyin thude vd Md, Gidm die Nhdn sfl (9). Trong nhflng
dja khdng dii siie gidng ra trdn m$t Idnh thdng diu 1930, Pidrre Pasquier ra m^t
tho r^ng Idn ciia ca ba 1^ dl kilm sodt, losit nghj djnh quy djnh lai chflc ndng,
gidm sat vd phan flng nhanh tnide phong quyin han ciia Nha kinh t l thu§c Phu
trdo ddu tranh ciia nhdn ddn Vi$t Nam thi Todn quyin (14-2-1930) cung nhfl ciia
'Yi chinh thi 6do fid, tdi cdng nhiin
tuyin bd chinh Id cdi quan niim rdt thiit
tha cda tdi di md chd tri viic giao Uf cua

nitdc Pfidp vdi ntidn ddn Bde Ky vdy. Cdi
chinh thi dy vdn Id cua La Md di truyin
cho nUdc Pfidp khi xUa, Id gom co sU khoan
dung sii bdo tdn cdi tuc 1$ vd sU thUc hdnh
mot chinh sach cd ldi cho cd ddi bin" (7).


Chuong Mnh "cii cAch" chfnh M.
Gidm diic Tdi cWnh Ddng Dfldng (20-31930)...

Nam Ky, theo dl nghj eiia Todn quyin
Ddng Dfldng, ngay 19-8-1930, Tong thing
Mue dfch chfnh cua vi$e "cdi cdch" bd Phdp ra Sle l$nh t l chflc Hdi dong k^ muc
mdy chfnh quyin ciia Pidrre Pasquier Iln hdng linh d xfl ndy (13). Cung nhfl vdy,
ndy Id tdp trung "viic day" bd mdy quan lai Nghj djnh ngdy 21-11-1930, sfla doi mdt so
dilu khoan cua Nghj djnh ngdy 19-3-1913
ngfldi Vidt vd chinh phii Nam trilu.
lien quan din Hdi ding k^ muc hang tinh d
6 Bic K^, ngdy 7-4-1930, Thing sfl
Bie K^ (14).
Robin ra nghj djnh thi hdnh Nghj djnh
Sau chuyin tiu sat Ddng Dfldng ciia
Todn quyin ngdy 3-3-1930 dl chd'n ehinh
Rejmaud, vide "cdi cdch cfiidd quan
Paul
lai Vi$n Ddn bilu Bic K;^ (10), vdi ndi dung
Id tdng thdm quyin h§ui cho Thing sfl ddi trudng" dflde thiic dly manh me, theo
vdi ed quan ddn bilu ndy vd tdng them s l phUdng cham "cdy gdy vd cu. cd rdC (15),
thdnh vidn ngfldi Vidt trong cd ciu eiia nd. tfle Id vfla de doa, quy trdch nhidm vfla ban
Theo dd, ben eanh so dai bilu dfldc biu ra, phdt mdt vdi quyIn ldi vdt chit vd tinh

cdn cfl dl nghj eiia Cdng sfl vd Doe ly cdc thin.
tinh, Thong sfl cd quyin chi djnh them mdt
VI "cdy gdy thi nhfl dd bilt, ehfnh phii
so thdnh vidn bing 1/4 tong s l nghj vien Phdp khdng muon cho ldp ra mdt Uy ban
trong Vidn; nliidm 1^ ciia Vien tfl 3 ndm diiu tra thude dia ciia Nghj vidn Phdp
tdng Idn 4 ndm; sdp nhdp hai vi$n ddn bilu nhiing lai eho l^p ra mdt phdi dodn ddc bidt
Tdy - Nam "di cho cdc nghi viin Nam co do Morche (Chii tjch Tda thfldng thim Hd
dip hgc hoi cdc nghi viin Tdy"
Ndi dflng diu) vd thdnh vidn Id nhflng vien
Dl khdi phiic quyin Ixfc vk "danh gid" chflc cao d p Phdp - Vift, ching c^ng quylt
cho bO mdy quan lai Nam trilu. Thing sfl Udt nhfl: Perrout (dai di^n Dai hdi ding
Bic Kj^ ra Nghj djnh ngdy 3-7-1930 (11), Kinh t l vd Tdi ehfnh); Thiiu tfldng Bonnet;
siia dli Nghj djnh ngdy 25-6-1922 vl quy Tdn Thd't Hdn (cflu Ting ddc); Dupuy,
ehi tuyln dung quan lai d p tong ly. Theo (Thanh tra cdc cd quan chhih trj); Dioque,
nghj djnh ngdy 25-6-1922, Tong ly Id do (kilm soat vidn cde ed quan Canh sdt vd An
ddn biu, nay dflpc sfla lai Id do chfnh phii ninh). Uy ban ndy dfldc thdnh ldp vdi muc
Nam trilu bo dicing, hinh thfle biu ehi Id dfch Id vfla dl tim ra "thu pham", tfle
nhflng ngfldi cdng san vfla dl dilu tra dli
ngoai Id. Thdm nfla, cdc ting 1;^ ndy ldm
vdi chfnh cde quan lai Nam trilu, tfl Ting
vifc trong m^t thdi han nhd't djnh md
die trd xuong, de xdt xem hdng ngu ndy ed
khdng bj chd trdch se dflpc thdng thfldng
bilt tdi "thiic ti cdng sdn" hay khdng, cd
phim hdm.
hodn thdnh trdch nhidm trong Iflc "'rdi
Cdc Hdi ding K;^ mue hdng tinh (Conseil loan" khdng, ed kilm tra ddn die cdc thude
provincial des Notables indigdnes) trdn h^L vk cd gifl mil Udn h$ vdi Cdng sfl hay
phfim vi ca ba 1^ eiing dflpc thdnh ldp lai khdng...
vd t l chflc 1^. Ngdy 1-8-1930, Todn quyin

VI "ci cd rdf, Phii todn quyin tim cdch
Ddng Dfldng phe chuin nghj djnh cua
Khdm sfl Trung K^ t l chfle d moi tinh phue hoi vd ldm tdng quyin Iflc eho cdc
Trung K^ m$t H^i ding k^ m^c ban xfl (trfl quan chfle ngfldi Vi$t vd bd mdy ehfnh
Ding Nai thfl^ig vd Kontum, theo chi dO quyin tfl linh tdi cdc ldng xa vd ban phdt
ddnh ridng cho cdc tinh eao nguyen) (12). d them quyin ldi vdt chit eho ddi ngu ndy.


Rghi&n cihi Lich siSr. stf 7.2011
6 d p xfl, ngay tfl 1929, di md rdng
quyin hdnh chfnh trj eho cdc Tong doc,
Tuin phii. Thing sfl Bic K;^ cho phdp: "cdc
quan fidnh chinh cd quyin dUOc phi vdo ly
lich vd xet dodn thdi dp da cdc viin chdc
cdc sd ldm viic trong hdng iinh" (16).
Thdng 10-1930, Thing sfl Bie K;^ quylt
djnh tdng Ifldng cho vidn chflc cdng sd vd
tdng Ifldng cho Ifnh kho xanh "do cd cdng
vdi nfid niidc trong vu biin ddng vda roi"
(tfle Id ddn dp phong trdo each mang
TTT', moi ndm tin ngdt 8 van dong cua
ngdn sdeh (17)... Cflng luc. Thing sfl Bic
K;^ cung dfla ra Id trinh tdng Ifldng cho cde
chflc quan trong bd mdy ehfnh phii Nam
trilu, vdi khoan tiln ting cdng 40 van dong
dfldc trich tfl ngdn sdeh d p xfl. K l hoach Id
tfl 1932, se bdt diu tdng eho ngach dfldi, roi
sau se tdng eho cdc bde quan phii huydn,
sau din Ting die, Tuin phii.
Thdng 1-1932 (18), Todn quyin ra nghj

djnh bl sung Nghj djnh ngdy 20-9-1929 vl
vide tdng Ifldng eho nha lai tfl ngdy 1-11931. Theo dly, thdng phdn tfl h^ng nhit
tdi hang 3 dflde tdng Iln Iflpt: 120%, 125%
vd 130% vd thfla phdi tfl hang nhit din
hang ndm dflde tdng trong khoang tfl 130%
din 140%. Ching han: thdng phdn hang
nhit dflde tdng tfl 840 dong len 1.080 ding,
thfla phdi hang nhit tfl 480 ding Idn 638
ding... Thdng 4-1932 (19), Hdrre Pasquier
ra nghj djnh gia them mdt ngach Ifldng mdi
ngach Thdng phdn thfldng hang eho nha
lai Nam trilu. Theo dly, thdng phdn ngoai
hang: 1.440 dong; hang nhd't: 1.320 dong;
h ^ g nhi: 1.200 ding. Cde loai thdng phdn
vd thfla phdi khac vin gifl nguydn nhfl quy
djnh cua Nghi djnh ngdy 1-1-1931. Thdng
11T1932 (20), Pidrre Pasquier ban hdnh
nghj djnh khde djnh lai Ifldng cho cde vidn
chflc "Annam" tdng axf t ^ cde cdng sd Ddng
Phdp, vdi 34 hang vien chflc, gom tham td
(9 bde, tfl tham td tdp sfl 600 ding tdi tham

ta thfldng ngoai h ^ g 2.100 ding), thfl k^
(14 bde, tfl thfl ky tdp sfl 300 ding tdi thfl
k^ thfldng ngoai hang 1.540 ding), tfly phdi
9 bde, tfl tfly phdi tdp sfl 180 ding tdi
chanh tfly phdi hang n h i t 492 ding...).
K l hoach tdng Ifldng gdp khd khdn do
ngdn sdeh bj thdm hut, song dd da Id "ci cd
rdt" dH vdi gidi chflc ban xfl roi.

Dli vdi Trung K;^, ngay diu ndm 1930,
Pidrre Pasquier phe chuin Nghj djnh eiia
Khdm sfl Trung K^ (21) ldp ra d moi tinh
(trfl Ding Nai thfldng vd Kontum) mdt Hpi
dong ly djch ban xfl hdng tinh. Pierre
Pasquier cung cho phdp Le Fol dfla ra dfl
an v l chfnh phu Nam trilu mdi (tfle Cd mdt
vi$n). Vd nhfl da bilt, ngay khi vua Bao
Dai vl nflde, dfl dn ndy da dfldc thdng qua,
vife "cdi td' bd mdy ehfnh phu Nam trilu,
nhd tay vj tdn hodng d l ndy dfldc dly Idn
mdt bflde vd nhanh chdng dflde hodn ehinh
trong cae ndm 1932-1933. Mdt loat dao du
da dfldc ban hdnh d l trien khai vide "cdi td'
do.
Ngdy 25-11-1932, vua Bao Dai ra du ldp
Ngfl Ty vdn phdng, giup vide eho vua, gom
eac ty, cde phdng vd ngfldi dflng diu Id: Ty
djeh sdeh (Trln Dflc Cdp); Ty Khao duy^t
(Hu^nh Yen); Phdng Bf thfl GSIguyin Khoa
Phong); Ty Giao thidp vd K l todn (Nguyin
Dd); Ty Cin tfn (Hodng Trung Dd). Ngdy 23-1933, Bao Dai ra du 29, eai to bd may diu
nao Nam trieu, thay doi mpt cdch cd ban
nhdn sfl vd to chflc eua bd mdy dd. Theo
dly, chflc Vidn trfldng Cd mdt vipn bj bai
bd vd rut xuong ehi edn 5 bd vdi cde thfldng
thfl diu cd tdn trong danh sdeh cac "thUpng
luu tri thdc" ban xfl: Thai Vdn Toan, Hidp
ta dai hpc, Thfldng thfl Bd Cdng tae. My
thudt vd Li nghi; Pham Qu^nh, chu bdo

Nam phong, Thfldng thfl Bd Gido due, kidm
ngfl tiln vdn phdng Ting 1^ dai thin; Ho
Die Khai, Ting die Binh Djnh, Thflpng thfl


[ hteh "cii cAch" chfnh hi.,
B§ Tdi chfnh, ciiu t l xd h^i; Ngd Dinh
Dif m, Tuin phii Binh Thudn, Thfldng thfl
Bd Tfl phdp. Nhidm k^ eiia thfldng thfl Id 3
pdm.
Liln ngay, cflng dao du 29, Bao Dai eho
thdnh ldp Hpi ddng cdi cdch (commission
de rdformes) eung vdi thdnh phin Id nhflng
vj thfldng thfl trdn do Ngd Dinh Di^m ldm
ehii tjch, dflpc ddt dfldi sfl ehii toa ciia
Khdm sfl Trung K;^. Cde ed quan dai bifn
eua Phdp dflde ddt bdn eanh cde bd eua
Nam trilu theo Thda flde ngdy 6-11-1925
dd bj Dao du ndy tuydn bibai bo nhflng lai
thay bing cdc "cd vdn ky thudt" do Khdm
sfl chi dinh dl "giup diiu hdnh bd mdy
chinh quyin Nam triiu".
Ngdy 26-5 vd 17-6-1933, Hdi dong Cd
mdt vd Hdi ding eai cdch hpp cdc phidn diu
tidn dfldi sfl chu tpa eua Khdm sfl
Thibeaudau, vdi sfl tham dfl cua Pham
Qu^nh. Ndi dung ciia cae phidn hpp ndy Id
bdn vl dfl dn cai cdch vd chuin bj hdng loat
vdn ban dl thfle hi$n "eai cdch" vd "chdn
chinh" hoat ddng eua bd mdy ehfnh phii

Nam trilu.
Tilp tue "cdi cdch", ngdy 3-7-1933, vua
Bao Dai ra Dao du so 44 ban hdnh "Quan
viin quy trinh" quy djnh vl h§ thing chfle
danh, phim hdm, nhiing quy cdch b l dung
quan lai Nam trilu d Trung K^, tfl d p tinh
trd xulng. Theo dly, quan lai tfl tinh trd
xuing dfldc sip xIp lai theo cde d p phii,
huy§n, dao, chdu. Mdt khde, dl khdi phue
"danh gid" eho quan lai, theo Dao du 44,
flng vdi moi chflc quan se Id mdt phim
hdm, ngflpe lai, iing vdi moi phim hdm Id
mOt chflc quan. Vi§e tuyln ehpn quan lai se
diin ra diu d$n hdng ndm, theo ty 1^: 2/5
tfl sihpc sinh ti't nghidp QuIc tii gidm; 2/5
tfl sihpe sinh ti't nghidp Cao ding tilu hpe
Phdp - Vidt qua k^ thi tuyln chfl Hdn theo
chfldng trinh do Bp Lai d'n djnh vd Khdm

sfl xdt duydt; 1/5 tfl nhflng ngfldi do tu tdi.
Nhfl vdy, Khdm sfl Trung K^ Id ngfldi
quylt djnh "quan viin quy trinh", tfl dl ra
tieu chuin, xdt duydt, bl nhidm tfl d p cao
nhd't la Thfldng thfl tdi d p thip nhit Id
Tdng Cflu phim, nghia Id vin gifl nguydn
tinh thin Thoa flde ngdy 6-11-1925 md vua
Bao Dai tuydn bo bai bd vdo ngdy 10-91932. Hdn nfla, nhflng ngfldi cd Han hpc
vin dfldc trpng dung.
Ngdy 3-7-1933, vua Bao Dai ra Dao du
45 "cdi td' Vidn Dan bieu Trung K^ (22)

(vin Id Vidn nhan dan dai bilu Trung K;^
do toan quyin Varenne doi ten vdo 1926)
dl cho kjp vdi vide "cdt td' Vidn Dan bilu
Bic K;^, vdi ly do la:
"Trdm nhdm nhiing chdc vu giao cfio
Viin ddn biiu cdn phdi md rdng tfiim vd sU
dinh tu cdch ngUdi bdu ci nghi viin cing
nin ddi lai, di cho ddn ta cdng ngdy cdng
tham du vdo viec chung cfio trinh dp tiin
hod mdi ngdy cdng phdt triin tfiim"...
Vdy ndn, mde du vin khdng dflde lam
bdn nhflng vlii d l chfnh trj nhfl trflde ddy,
nhflng nay ed quan ndy da dfldc cfl hai dai
bieu tham gia Dai hdi dong Kinh t l vd Tdi
chfnh Ddng Dfldng vd thdnh phin cfl tri di
biu eung dfldc md rdng hdn, tdi ea nhflng
hang thfldng dan, theo ty 1$ "... cd mdi 50
dinh hay phdn le qud 20 dinh Id dUdc bdu
mpt ngUdi ldm uy viin" eflng Id hang tri
thfle, ea cflu hpe vd tdn hpe: tiln si, phd
bang, cfl nhan, eong sinh, tu tdi vd nhflng
hpc sinh cua cdc trfldng Phap vd Phdp
Vidt, tfl sd hpe din cao ding tilu hpc, trung
hpc vd dai hpe, dii 21 tuli.
Tilp theo, ngdy 4-7-1933, vua Bao D^i
cdn ra Dao du 48 djnh thi 1$, chfldng trinh
thi vdo ngach quan cho hai xfl Tnmg vd
Bie K;^. Vide thi dflde Nam trilu to chflc
hdng ndm d Hd Ndi vd Hul dl chpn quan
phu, huy^n d Bie vd thude quan d Trung

10

K^ nhflng s l Ifldng vd danh sach thf sinh
diu do ngudi dflng diu cde xfl xdt duydt,
chanh chu khao vide thi Id do Todn quyin
ehi djnh. Dilu ddng chu y Id "thi sinh se
dUdc chgn d bgn thUdng liiu mdi... Id bgn
thieu niin dd nhd dUdc niidc Phdp md rdng
da cdc hgc dUdng cho", cu thi Id nhiing
ngfldi cd bang tiln si, cfl nhdn, eao ding sfl
pham Phdp, nhflng ngfldi cd bdng tu tdi,
thdnh chung dfldc 4 ndm, ede vidn chflc
cdng sd da lam vide tfl 4 ndm trd len, cd
"hg,nh kiim tdt". Bai thi bang tiing Phdp ve
Ijeh sfl vdn hda A Ddng (Trung QuIc, An
Dp), ludn vl vdn minh Thdi Tdy vd mdt bdi
diin thuyet ve mdt vd'n d l chfnh cua Ddng
Dfldng. Theo Andrd Dumarest thi "Muc
dich "cdi cdch" dot vdi viic tuyin chon quan
lai ndy Id nham cdch tdn ddn ddn dpi ngu
quan lai di biin ho thdnh mpt giai cdp tU
sdn tri thdc xiifng ddng trin mgi mat vdi vai
trb lanh dao da no" (23). Thfle ra, ehfnh
quyin thude dia muon Id'y long gidi "thUOng
litu tri thdc" Tdy hpe, dang chip chdi gifla
he thd'ng eu, tfle hd thong quan lai Nam
trilu vd hd thong hdnh chfnh mdi, tfle bd
may hdnh chfnh thfle ddn, ldi kdo hp ra

khoi anh hfldng cua ea "chu nghia quoc gia
kich phdt" eung nhfl eiia ehu nghia epng
san.

Rghi6n cihi Lieh siSr. s l 7.2011
Bie Ky sau Thda flde 1925 (tfle ty ban tfl
vlh Bic K;^ nay doi thdnh Hdi ding tfl vlh
Bie K^) gom 6 uy vidn mang hdm thfldng
thfl (khi vdo H u l dflde tham gia Hdi ding
thfldng thfl), trong dd 2 uy vidn phai Id
quan lai cao d p , dang tai chflc, 4 uy vidn
dflde lfla ehpn trong hang quan lai tai chflc
hode dd nghi hflu, hodc "cdc ban danh gid
trong gidi ndng, cdng, thiidng tri thic" Cac
uy vidn ed nhidm k^ 2 ndm do Thong sfl
Bde K^ de cfl vd Nam trilu bo nhidm. Cd
quan ndy cd nhidm vu "bdy to y kiin vi viic
cai tri bdn xi md Tfidng si yiu cdu". Thfle
chd't, Hpi dong tfl vdn Bie K;^ Id cdng cu
eho Thong sfl Bae K^ thiic thi chflc ndng
Kinh Iflde, bj bai bd tfl 1897 vd dfldc ldp lai
vdo ndm 1925.

De ho trd eho vide "phuc cd', "phuc hoaf
ca bd may quan lai cu rich ndy, tdng thdm
'oai quyin" vk sdn phit lai "mdu md" eho
chung, Pidrre Pasquier cflng nhflng
"thUdng liiu tri thic bdn xH' ehu trfldng
khdi phue lai Nho gido, von tfl lau nay da
bj tay hpc Id'n at, bj nhan dan chan ghdt.

Bdi muon ed dflde e h i dd "bdo hd chdt che"
ein phai cd sfl "tdn trgng nghiim khdc" doi
vdi quan lai, mdt sfl phue tflng vd dilu kidn
eua nhdn ddn, theo tfl tfldng "trung qudn",
edn quan lai thi phai thim nhuIn tinh
O Bic K;^, tilp tuc nhflng "cdi cdch" ban thin Id "cdng bpc da ddn, eha me ddn"...
diu eiia Thong sfl Rend Robin, ngdy 8-11- ea hai gin vdi nhau theo nhflng quy Id ngdt
1933, Toan quyin Ddng Dfldng ra nghj nghdo eiia Nho gido. Nho gido, vi vdy da
djnh chuin y Dao du ciia vua Bao Dai v l dflde "Cdch mang" hod vd trd thdnh mdt
chi dp ehfnh trj d Bie K^ vd thdnh ldp Hdi cdng cu dan dp die liic dli vdi cdch mang
ding CO v&n BIC K;^. Dao du nhie lai vide trong tay ehfnh quyin thfle ddn. Cung nhfl
bai bd Thda Udc ngdy 6-11-1925, tdi thfla vdy, Phdt giao tiep tuc dfldc "chdn hiing".
nhdn "quyin liic" cua hodng d l Annam ddi Ben eanh dd, nhilu ''di cdch" khac vl vdn
vdi Bie K;^ vd thfla nhdn cho Thong sfl hda xa hdi eflng dfldc tiln hdnh dl trd
dfldc kidm gifl chflc Kinh Ifldc Bic K;^ dl giup eho vide "cdi cdch" v l ehfnh trj vd cung
"Thdng sd cd thi thi hdnh chic trdch" - mdt c l bd mdy cai trj thude dja, nhfl Hdi nghi
vj tri quan trpng, trflde ddy Id do mdt dai nfidn viin ban Idnh dao Ddng Cdng sdn
thin Nam trilu dam nhidm. Dao du ciing Ddng Duong d hdi ngoai vd cdc ddng bp d
thfla nhdn to chfle tfl vd'n dfldc thdnh ldp d trong nUdc thang 6-1934 cdn vsieh rd:


Chuong frtnh "cii c^eh" ehfnh tri...
"Bgn di qude cfio pfiep bgn phong kiin,
dia chi, iU bdn vd tri thic tii sdn chon mpt
dai biiu (d Nam Ky) vdo "Hdi dong thupe
dia tdi cao" d Paris. Ching cho tdng con sd
cdc ddi biiu bdn xi trong cdc cO quan ddi
diin dia phUOng (Hdi ddng thupe dia, Bg.i
fidi dong kinh tdi Ddng Duong, Viin thUOng
mai vd canh ndng), cho nhdp quoc tich

Phdp, cdi td triiu dinh An Nam vd Viin
ddn biiu, cfio pfiep tri thdc ldp trin trung
thdnh vdi di qud'c Phdp gid nhiiCng chdc vu
quan lai cao cdp... O thdn qui, ching ldp
cdc td chic phdn cdch mang, vi du nhU
"Hdi bdo fid tU hdu", tdng cdc dpi ddn dodn
(liin dodn ndng ddn), ci cdc tdng dodn,
huyin dodn, xd dodn... fibng mua chudc bgn
dia chi phi ndng.
Bgn diqudc dd ddt cO quan gido due vdo
tay triiu dinh An Nam, xda bo trp cdp ddt
vdi cdc trUdng hgc d thdn qui, ddt trUdng
hoc dudi quyin bgn hdo n\uc, ldp cdc trUdng
Phdt gido d Cao Mien,... vdi muc dich gido
due con em nhiing ngUdi nd li thdnh nhiing
ngiidi bi li thude hodn todn vdo giai cdp
thdng tri vd boc Ipt.
Todn bd chinh sdeh cdi cdch chi Id mpt
phdn da chinh sdeh thupe dia chung da
diqudc Phdp, nhdm thdng nfidt tdt cd cdc
phdn ti boc Ipt bdn xi vd duy tri tdt cd tdn
du phong kiin di ldm cho nhdn ddn mi
mudi. Bgn di qudi: chdng lai cuge ddu
tranh cdch mang digii ving chi dp boc lot
vd dp bic da ching dDdngDUOng" (24).
Nhfl vdy, din ndm 1933, vide thay dd'i
chiln lflpc thude dja vd dfldng ldi 'cdi td' bd
mdy ehfnh quyin thude dja ciia Pidrre
Pasquier dfldc eoi nhfl da "hodn tdt" vl ed
ban: Thda flde ngdy 6-11-1925 dfldc tuydn

b l bdi bo; Nam K^ dflpc dfl djnh xdy dflng
thdnh mpt xd h$i dan B\$ dv(a trdn sfl "md
rpn^ chi d$ biu cfl vd sfl tham gia nhilu
hdn cua ngfldi "bdn xi?' vdo hd thong ehfnh

11
quyin; mdt chi dp bao hd "chdt efts', vdi ca
trilu (finh H u l dflde ldp lai d Trung K;^;
mdt chi dd bao hd vl danh nghia, vdi chflc
Kinh lflpc do Thing sfl kidm tfnh dfldc
"khar^ dinh" d Bie K^ vd ea hd thing chflc
djch, quan lai "bdn xif dflde chfl y "kich
fiog,C trdn ca ba 1^.
Cdng vide ''cdi cdch" vi chfnh trj vd "cdi
cdch" bd may chfnh quyin theo eac hfldng
"chia di tri', "dung ngUdi Viit tri ngiidi
Viet" ndy cua Pidrre Pasquier da td ra "hiiu
nghiim" ngay tfle thi, nhd't Id trong vide
ddn dp phong trdo dd'u tranh each mang
1930-1931 eua nhan dan ta ndi ehung,
phong trdo Xd viet Nghd - "Hnh ndi ridng.
Ddy Id mdt doan mieu ta sfl edu kit
gifla bd mdy dan dp cua thfle ddn Phdp vdi
sfl trp giup cua bd mdy quan lai Nam trilu
trong vipc "dep" phong trdo epng san,
trong cdng trinh cua mdt tae gia ngfldi
Phap (25):
"Viic cdi cdch Viin Co mdt dd thdnh
cdng trong viic thic ddy cdc thdnh viin da
nd tiin lin trong vu ndi log,n dNgfii Tinh.

Mpt hinh thic fiOp tdc xudt hiin trong
viic ddn dp cupc ndi loan ndy. Tay trong
tay, cdc thdnh viin da chinh phu Nam
triiu vd cdc tfianh sdt viin da Cue chinh
tri (Service des Affaires politiques) cimg tdi
cdc tinh rdt loan vdi ddy du quyin lUc di
thiit lap lai trdt tU vd xem xet viic dUa
tfiim qudn dpi vdo.
Trong mpt dip kfidc, Khdm si Trung Ky
vd Bd tnidng tU pfidp Nam triiu (ThUOng
thu bp Hinh) tdi hiin tnidng di gidi quyit
nhiing vdn di do nhing ngUdi cpng sdn ddt
ra. Hg triiu tap cdc quan chic lgi vd noi
bdng gigng cUOng quyit vd Khdm si dd dat
dupc viic Id mpt sd quan chic cbn bdo
hodng fidn nhd vua dd yiu cdu chinh phi
phdi diing nhiitng biin phdp cing rdn hdn
ddt vdi nhing ngUdi cdng sdn.


12

Rghito eihi Lich aiir. stf 7.2011

c. Dung vu lUc d^cdm tu tdp vd gidi tdn
viic tu tap.
Mat khdc, cdc ddn vi ddn binh cd sing
dudi sU chi dao da cdnh sdt Bac Liiu vd:
Cd Mau, da ngiidi ding ddu dm vi cd
ddng da cd quan an ninh vd nhing dai

diin chinh quyin tudn tra bdng d td trong
Cde quan chic nghi hiiu d Hd Ttnh thi cdc dim 29 vd 30 (thdng Tu) trin tdt cd cdc
dupc phdi tdi nhiing gia dinh Id ngiidi thdn phd di kiim tra sU tudn phbng da ly dich
da hg di chdng tuyin truyin cdng sdn. vd niu kfidng tfidy fig tudn tra thi manh
Chinh quyin ihupc dia miipn gia dinh di tay vdi hg (en cos ecfieant, leur priter main
gido due con em hg kfidng nin ngfie theo forte" (27).
Vd ddy Id thdi dd tdn thfldng ning nhidt
cpng sdn.
eiia
quan lai, ly djeh, "thUpng lUu tri thic"
Tdt cd cdc cd mdy da xd hdi Viet Nam
truyin thdng dd trd thdnh dot tUpng da tinh Vinh Long dH vdi vi^c ddn dp cdng
mdt viic thi phuc hoat lg.i nfidm thiit lap san, "dn dinh trdt tU" cua. chinh quyin
mdt con di cd thi ngdn dUpc nhiing dpt thude dja trong phong trdo 1930-1931, dflde
t h i hidn qua bfle thfl di ngdy 25-7-1931
thuy triiu cpng sdn ddng lin"
eua Chu tinh Vinh Long gfli Thing die
6 td't ea eac xfl, ly dich cde ldng vd bd
Nam Ky. Bfle thfl ghi:
mdy quan lai Nam trilu bj dly len tuyln
"Tdi tidn fignh gii cho ngdi 7 bdn diiu
trflde trong vide chong cdng vd trdn thfle t l
trdn do cdc quan chic chinh quyin vd cdc
bpn chung khdng phai Id ft da trd thdnh trp
ly dich bdn xi d Vinh Long gii cho tdi di
thu die liic eho eanh sat vd ed quan an
dm dn chinh quyin Phdp dd nfianh cfldng
ninh thude dja trong nhidm vu dflpc giao
dn dinh trdt trii trong vung via mdi bi
cho Id "bop chit mdm phdn loan ti tring

khudy ddo bdi nhiing float dpng mdt trdt tU
nudc'' (26).
vd bao lUc, kfidng thi tfia thi md nfidt Id
Trong bfle thfl d l ngdy 2-5-1930 eua chii cdc hoat ddng cpng sdn.
tinh Bac Lidu gfli Thong ddc Nam Ky ndi
Tdi bdo cho ngdi diidc biit, ding ddu
vl nhflng bien phdp d^ phd vdi nhflng eude
cho nhing biiu hiin da sU trung thdnh
bilu tinh, nut tinh ''cpng sdn" nhdn ngdy 1thdnh thUc ndy vd gdn bo vdi sii nghiip da
5 d tinh ndy eho thiy ro "trdch nhiim'' vk
ngUdi Pfidp Id dai diin da nhiing vi ddn
sfl ''phdt lidp" cua ly djch (notables) vdi Iflc
biiu cd nghia Id Uy viin Hdi ddng thude
Iflpng an ninh thude dja trong cdng vide
dia, cdc uy viin Hdi ddng hdng tinh dong
ndy ra sao. Chu tinh viit:
thdi Id cdc dia chi chinh vd gidi thUpng liiu
"Nhiing biin phdp sau se diipc si dung: tri thic vd xd hdi bdn xvt' (28).
a. Ddm bdo gidm sdt chdt cfie nhiing
Kdm theo thfl ndy, chii tinh Vinh Long
ngUdi la trong tinh vd nhiing ngUdi bdn xi gfli Thong doe Nam K^ 7 ban dilu t r l n cd
bi tinh nghi.
chfl ky eua hdng trdm 1^ djeh, diin chii,
b. Td chic thudng xuyin viic tudn tra thfldng gia d cde tong cua Vinh Long gvti
ban dim vdi cdc nhdm ti 6 din 10 tudn Petit dl td ldng "biit dn sdu s&c'' dli vdi
''cdfi^ trg.ng to Idn'' cua vidn chu tinh ndy
dinh dudi sU chi dgo da cdc ly dich.

"Nhiing ngUdi cd da vd cdc nhd nfio,
diim ngdm khdc md chinh quyin bdo hd

nhdm vdo dd dUpc ggi din di nhdn lai vai
trb cii dot vdi ddn chung, bdi fig tiip tuc Id
cd sd xd hpi da Trung IQ/, cd sd md cfio din
lie ndy to ra mdt vu khi vd thu ddng tnide
nhiing ngUdi cpng sdn".


Chuong Mnh "cii cich" chfaih hj...
cung nhfl sfl "trung thdnh tuyet dot" dli
vdi nhd nflde "Dai Pfidp", se dflde din ra d
sau.
Dflng nhfl Dang Cdng san Ddng Dfldng
n h ^ djnh ngay vdo thdi dilm dien ra cupc
"cdi cdch" cua Pidrre Pasquier (trong
Chfldng trinh hdnh ddng cua Dang Cpng
san Ddng Dfldng, 6-1932), ring:
"JBpn dia chi, hdo ly cing tU bdn bdn xi
diu sdn ldng ddng vai tuong dao phi giip

13
diqudc thdm sdt cdng ndng binh. Hiu cdng
ddc vi thudng, vi thi cfio nin di quoc bdn
viic cdi lUdng cho ching, ching dpi dn bin,
dUng "bdn thinh cdu". Bi qude cdi cdch
muc dich dikOm thim dong minh d Ddng
Duong, di hodn todn thu phuc tU bdn bdn
xi vdo phe phdn cdch mgng, cung di keo
bgn tiiu tU sdn thUdng liiu trong thdnh thi
vd cdc phdn ti boc lot d thdn qui sang mat
trdn da ching nd..." (29).

CHU THtCH
(1). Nftm 1908, D?ii t i Digne xutft ban mOt cuSh
8&ch n6i vl chfnh trj h D6ng DUdng. Tic gia niy so
sinh dudng 151 cai tri cua Phip b Ddng DUdng vdi
chinh sich thu^c dja cua La Ma c& d?i b chiu Au
vi khuySn Phip n§n theo gUdng La Ma sii dyng
chfnh sich bao hp dSi vdi cic thu$c dia ciia minh.
Nam Phong, a6151, tr. 528.

(15). Patrice Morlat, sdd, tr. 369.
(16), (17). Nam Phong, scf 153, tr. 210-212, 210.
(18). Nam Phong, B6 168, tr. 110-111.
(19). Nam Phong, B6 171, tr. 447.
(20). Nam Phong, s£f 176. 1932.
(21). JOIF, 2er semestre 1930, tr. 4193.

(2). D5n theo Nguyin Vin Trung: Chi. nghla
(22). Theo S6ng HUOng tuc ban, aS 2, ngiy 26thytc ddn Phdp d ViSt Nam • ThUc chdt vd huyin 6-1937, Trong H0p tuyin tha vdn Vi^t Nam, T^p V,
thog,i. I. Vdn hoa vd chinh tri, Nam Sdn xutft ban,Vdn hoc Viit Nam 1930-1945, Nxb. Vin hda, Hi
Sii Gdn, 1963, tr. 280.
N§i, 1963, tr. 602.
(3). Patrice Morlat: Pouvoir et Repression au
(23). Andr6 Dumarest: La formation des classes
Vi^t Nam durant la periode coloniale 1911-1940, sociales en pays annamites, Lyon, 1935, tr. 114.
Paris, 1985, tr. 366.
(24). Dang cgng san Vi^t Nam: Vdn kiin Bdng
(4). Nam Phong, aS 151, tr. 528.
(5). Nam Phong, aS 154, tr. 300.
(6). Nam Phong, aS 167, tr. 326.

(7). Nam Phong, a6178, tr. 533.
(8). Xem T^ Thi Thuy (chii bi§n): Lich si Viit
Nam, T9P VIII, 1919-1930, Nxb. Khoa hoc xa h^i,
Hi NOi, 2007.
(9).J0IF, sCfe, 18-1-1930, tr. 1959.
(10), (11). Nam Phong. aS 153, tr. 210.
(12). JOIF, 2er semestre 1930, tr. 4193.
(13). JOIF, 2er semestre 1930, tr. 3519.
(14). JOIF, 2er semestre 1930, tr. 4190.

todn tdp, T?ip 4, Nxb. Chfnh tri Qu^ Pa. Hi NOi,
1999, tr. 160-161.
(25). AOM, Slotfom, serie III, carton 42,
Gouvemeur G6ndral i Colonies 9-9-1930. Patrice
Morlat, sdd, tr. 367.
(26). AOM, NF, carton 290, Cd m|t 28-7-1931.
(27). I U 45/211(2).
(28). II A45/244 (2) Vinh Long - M6fait commis
par les communistes - renforcement de la police.
(29). Dang cong san Vi$t Nam: Vdn kien Ddng
todn tdp, T^p 4, Nxb. Chfnh tri Quoc Pa. Hi N$i,
1999, tr. 6.