GIÁO TÌNH TỔNG đài điện tử số

sa GrAo DlJC vA BAo T~O HA N6r
KS. NGUytN THI THU THUY

,

"

GIAOTRINH
~

•

-

?

~

TONG OAI OlEN
Til SO
•
(Dllng trong cac tiuimg THeN)

NHA XUAT BAN HA N6I - 2005


Uti gi6'i thi~u
UDe ta dang buO'c vao thai ky cong nghi¢p h6a, hi¢n
dt;li hoa nham dua Vi¢l Nam fro thiinh nutYc cong
nghi¢p win minh, hifn dr;i.

Trong 51! nghi¢p cach mt;mg to lim do, cong tac dew t(1o
nhdn life luan giiivai fro quan [r(mg. Bao cao Chinh tTf eua

N

Ban Chap himh Trung uong Dang Cqng san Vi?' Nam tr;i
Dqli h¢i Ddng loan quae Mn [hit IX dil chi ro: "Phat tri~n
giao dl!c va daD t<).o lit m¢t lrong nhiing d¢ng ll!c quan tIQng
thue day SI! nghi~p cong nghi¢p h6a, hi¢n dC;i h6a, Iii dieu
ki¢n d~ phat tri~n ngu6n ll!c con nguai - yeu to co ban d~
phil tri~n xa h9i, tang twang kinh te nhanh va ben vfrng".
Quan trift ehu truong, Nghj quyet eua Dang va Nhd nuoe
va nhq.n thue dung ddn vi' tam quan tr9ng eua chuang trinh,
giao trlnh dOL vm vi¢c nang cao chdt /u(;mg dao (qo, thea de'
nghj cua sa Giao d,!-C va Dao tgo Ha N9i, ngay 231912003,
Uy ban nhdn dan thanh ph6' Ha N9i dii ra Quyet dinh so'
56201QD-UB cho phep SJGiao d¥c va Dao tgo th,!C hi¢n de'
an bien sogn ChU01lg trz'nh, giao trlnh trong cac truang Trung
h9C chuyen nghi¢p (THeN) Ha N9i, Quyer dinh nay the' hi¢n
S/.f quan tam sou siic cua Thanh uy, UBND thanh pho' trong
vi¢c nang coo chat lu(;mg dew tgo va phdt triln ngu6n nhdn
fuc Thii do,
Tren co so chuang trinh khung cua Bi) Gido d,!-c va Dao
tgo ban hanh va nhiing kinh nghi¢m rut ra tit th¥c Ii'dao {(fa,
So Giao dl!-C va Dao t[Jo dii chi dqo cac tntimgTHCN t6 chuc
bien sOf!.n chuang trinh, giao trinh m(Jt cach khoa ht;Jc, h¢

3

thdng va c~p nhrJt nhfing kien thue thlfc tien phil htJP vo'i dt/j
turng hec sinh THCN Ha N(Ji.
B¢ giao trlnh nay ta tiii li¢u gidng dfly va h9C trJp trong
cae trurrng THCN if Ha N(Ji, dong thm fa tai Ii¢u tham khdo
hftu fcll clw cae truong co dao tflo cac ngdnh ky thu~t - nghi¢p
VI! va dong dao bfln d9c quan tam d{n va'n de huang nghi¢p,
dq.y nght'.
Vi¢c 16' chuc bien soq.n b¢ chuang trinh, giao trinh nay
Iii m(Jt trong nhie'u hOflt d9ng thie! thlfc cua nganh giao dl!c
va ddo {flO Thu do dl ky ni¢m "50 nam gidi ph6ng Thu db ",
"50 nam thanh I~p ngdnh" va huang tai ky ni¢m "]000 nam
Thang Long - Hd N9i".
S6Giao d~e va Dao tflo Hii N9i chan thdnh cam an Thimh
fiy, VBND, cac so, ban, nganh cua Thanh pha, VI! Giao d¥-e
ehuyen nghi¢p B9 Gido dlfC va Dao /(;1.0, cac nha khoa h9c, cac
chuyen gia dOll ngdnh, cac gidng vien, cae nha qudn Iy, cac
nha doanh nghi¢p dil tflo dii/u ki¢n giup dO, drjng gop y kiefz,
tham gia H9i dong phdn bi¢n, H9i dong tha'm dinh va H()i
dong nghi¢m thu cae chuang trinh, giao trinh.
Day ld 16n dou tien Sa Giao d¥-e vii Dao t(lO Hd N9i t6'
chIrc bien SOfln chuang trinh, giao trlnh. Du dil he! suc cr)'
gang nhung chac chan khong trlmh khoi thie'u sot, bd't e~p.
Chung toi mong nh4n duqc nhilng y kien dong gop cua bq.n
d9c dl tung bUGC hodn thi4n b() giao tri'nh trong cae 16n tai
ban sau,

GIAM D6c

4

so GIAo Dl)C vA DAo TAO


Lui n6i dffu
Trong nhung nam gd'n ddy, nln cong ngh¢ vien thong tren the' gi6i co
nhung huae pluit tritn dang kl NluJ do, chung fa co the' trao ddi thong lin a
mqi hie, mQi lwi bang cac lu'nh thuc kluic nhau. Me,mg vien thong dii (ra thallI!
m¢t {rong nlu(ng thiinh phdn cO bdn cua he; tang cd sa, gop phon thue da'y ne'n
kinh Ie' pilat trii'n va liang eao dOt s6'ng van hOG ella toan xii h(Ji.
HOG nhip wii cong CllQC dd'i mai etla ddt nUGe, m(;lIlg vietl thong Vi¢t Nam
dii nhanh chong hi¢ll dqi hoo v('fi nhilu thief hi lien tiefl, cae loe}i 16ng dili hi¢1l
dqi dUQ'c nh(ip eua cae luing nSi tie'flg tren the' giui. De' giup nhang ky thugt
vibl, Cnll b(J ky tlauJt ngimh di¢n ttl - vien thong co 1I"ung kie'n t/U(C tong quan
ve' Cdll Inle pluln d(ng, ecru tnk phdn mern, qua trlnh vgn hanh va bda duang
m¢t sfI tiJ'ng ddi; qua d(l co klld nang tie'p cqn SQU hUll, r(}ng hUll viri cac cluing
IOr;Ii tdng dai di¢ll til' so' klu1c, SlJ Gifw d1.lc va Dao tgo Ha N¢i dil cha phep
bien sOr;In giaa tril/It ring ddi di¢n
s6' d~/a thea de' cUo'ng man hQc To'ng ddi
di¢n ttl s6' dung clIo nganh ky thuqt vien vien thong dJ duqc So' duy¢t. Giao
trlnh nay ciing co the'la tiii li¢u tham khao clw cae d¢c gid muo'n di sou vao
nghien ci(u cac to'ng ddi di¢1l ttl so:
N(Ji dung chinh du~c de' cqp J cac chuang sau:
Chuang 1: T6ng diii Aleare! 1000E10.
Chuang 2: T6ng diii NEAX-61E
Chuang 3: T 6ng diii SFAREX-V K.
ChulYTlg 4: T6ng doi Siemens EWSD.
V iri chuang trinlz dcw tl}o trung cap, giao trinh se trang bi cho cac ky thuqt
vien vien thong flhUng kien thuc co' bdn, can thiet ve' cau truc phan cu.ng, Cli'U
truc pluln mern Clia mQt s6' chung IOl}i tdng dai difn tu so' thong dlfng tren mgng
vien thong Vi¢t Nam, de cac ky thuqt vien co the'tiip cqn viri thl/c te'trong cdc

ky thl/c ttjp ciing nhu sau khi tot nghi¢p.

tu

5


Nhan dip nay tbi x;n chan {hanh cam an TS. Tran Qu6c Thinh ~ tr/.lOng khoa
Di¢n-Di~n tIl truemg Dt;li hQc Giao thong vgn tai Hil N¢i, Th.S va Phuang Lan
- gidng vien truang HQc vi¢n Buu chinh vien thong I cung cac nha klwa h9C khdc
do nhi¢t tinh giup do to; trong qua trinh bien soq.n glao {rinh nay.
Mt;ic du do Ttl't c{{ gang trong qua lrinll bien soq.n, song giao trinll kho
tranh khoi sa; sol. Rd't mong n/ujn du(!c y kien dong gop cua cac bq.n d6ng
nghi¢p, ale d{k gid de giao ITlnll hoan thi¢n hon trong fd'n tai bdn sau.

TAc GIA

6


Chuang 1

nSNG DAI ALCATEL 1000E10
Ke'thua nhfrng thimh tl!U quy gia eua cae Hnh vgc: toan hQc, tin hQc, truyen
dan, di~n tir ... n~n cOng nghi¢p thOng tin dang tmng giai do~n phat trien rvc roo
Ttit d. cae san pham, ca.c khai ni¢m eua nen cong nghi¢p tri tu¢ nay de.u co m\lc
dich chung Iii. cung c3:p d.c phuong ti~n dich V\l nham dem l~ cho khach hang
S\! tin c~y, ti~n lqi, chat luqng cao va giam bar thai gian ehb dqi,
Cling vdi da phat trien chung cua cae hang vi~n thOng tren the gim cOng
nhu sue qnh tranh v~ djch v~, ky thu~t... hang ALCATEL CIT (Philp) la mOt

hang co sue thu hut va c6 uy tin Ian d6i v6i kha.ch hang. Dieu nay duqc minh
chung bang s61ugng d.c nuClc dii sir dl:mg san pharo, eua hang ngay dmg nhieu
han (tren 80 nuac hi~n dang sir d~ng t6ng dili nay).
TOng dili di~n tir s6 AleatellOOOElO duqc dua vao sir d~ng tren m~ng vien
thOng Vi~t Nam tlr nam 1990 vOi ten gQi la ElOB (DCB-181). Day la t6ng dai
hoan toim s6 da rrng d~ng, duqc cung clip boi ALCATEL CIT. Trang h~ th6ng
t6ng did nay, no dii co duqc nhfrng au di~m can phii co eua mOt tOng dai di¢n
tho~i hi¢n d~i va no phu hqp v6i nhu e~u thOng tin ngay eang hing eua khaeh
hang tr~n th€ gi6'i hi¢n nay eo.ng nhu trong tuang laL

I. CAU TRUC T6NG QUAN

1.

n,c diim

VOi tfnh nang da rrng d~ng Ale.tel lOOOEIO c6 the duqc sir d~ng cho
chuyen m~ch c6 dung luqng khlic nhau baa g6m:
- Chuyen m~ch n¢i h~t (Local).
- Chuyen m~ch n¢i h~t/chuyen m~ch chuyen tie"p (Local-Tandem).
- Chuyen m~ch chuyen tie"p (Toll).
- Cira ng6 qu6c te"o
7


H~

thong co the dong vai tro trung chuy~n m¢t cach mem dec qua cac
rn~ng th6ng rninh (IN), rn~ng 56 t6 hqp da dich vu (ISDN), rn~ng di dqng cCOg
c¢ng (PLMN) ... Co nghia Ia AlOOOElO co the cung cap tat cii cac dich v~ clla

cac m~ng trf tu~ ...
T6ng dlli duqc thiet ke thich ung vrn m9i lo~i hlnh dan cu, khi h~u, dia
hlnh do do no thich hgp vii dong thai duqc t~iet k€ dt!a thea tieu chufin quoc
teo Vi v~y, AlOOOElO dIT duqc sir d~ng tren 80 quac gia.

a

H~ thong khai tM.c vii bao duang rat linh ho~t, co th~ Iii n¢i b¢ ho*c t~p
trung cho m¢t viti tcing diii ho~c vua Iii n¢i b¢ vua III t~p trung t~i cung m¢t
thai diem. Dieu nay dam bao tinh linh ho~t cao, co the toy tung dieu ki~n rna
ap d~ng cac phuong phap khai thac va bao duong de phat huy toi da hi~u qua
Slr dl,lng cua thiet bi·

A1000E10 c6 th~ xit 19 Hit eli cOC h? th6ng bio hi?u phil hqp voi cae tieu
chuan quoc te tu R2 den CCS7 ...
He thong A1000E10 1iI h? th6ng rna: Ph~n c!lng va philn rnern dqc l~p, cOc
chuc nang khac bi¢t boi cac giao tiep chuan, do do cac b¢ ph~n clla h¢ thong
Iii "rna" cho s,! nang cao ve ky thu~t cling nhu st! rna r¢ng cho cac chuc nang.
Dieu nay co nghia Hi h¢ thong duqc bao v~ kha t6t chong l~i s,! loi thai.

AlOOOElO Iii h~ thong dang tin c~y: cac b¢ ph~ duqc tach rieng re ve m~t
v~t ly vii phan mem amuc cao, chung duqc sap x€p thea module, duqc ki~m tra
thir ngan ngua Ian truyen 16i. Sir d~ng nguyen ly du thua t~i cac muc quan trQng,
cac thu t~c cau hinh l~i tt! d¢ng. dam bao cho dc dich v~ d~t chat luqng cao nhat.
2, C1Iu true ehU'e nang

cau truc chuc nang cua AIOOOEIO duqc chia thanh 3 khoi chuc nang
rieng bi~t:
- Phftn

h~

thue bao: Tht!c

hi~n

dau noi vai thue bao lUang tt! va thue bao s6.

- Phan h~ dau n6i va dieu khi~n: Tht!c hi~n chuc nang dau n6i va xu
cu¢c g9i.

Iy

- Phftn h~ v~n hanh va bao duang: Th,!c hi~n tilt d. cAc chuc nang cho phep
tu lam vi?c hqp 19,
nguai v~n hanh (khai thac) va bio duang thiet bi theo

'*

Phan h~ dau noi va dieu khien phoi hqp vrn phan h~ v~n hanh va bao
duang t~o thanh trung t~rn dieu khien OCB,283 (phien ban B ki~u 2 h? vi xU
19 A8300,32 bit),
8


(

~

MANGBAO

HI$.U SO 7 (CCITI)

--------

-----(

PHANH/;;
TRUYNHA!'
TIfUEBAO

NT

•

pHANHEDAU

"-

,

,,
,

'"
~

MANG OIA TR.l
OIA TANG

,

,
,

,,
,
,,

MANG DO'U/;;U

"-

DIEuKHrEN

,

PABX

(

NOIVA

,,----------,
-

MANGTHOAI

"-

PHANHE VAN

HA.NH-VA"
BAoDUJNG
oeB - 283

L __________________________

,,,
,,
,,
,
,,,

MANG VAN HA.NH
VA. BAa' DUJNG

~

Hinh 1.1. Ccfu true ehUe nang eua A1000E10
NT: Ket cuoi so.

PABX: Tdng dai tu nhan.
3. Cau true ph an eCi'hg

Dl!a tren nguyen Hie sau nguoi ta xay dlfIlg cau tnk pha.n clIng:
- Ciu tnle pha.n tan.
- Ciu truc rna.
- Philn mem d¢e

I~p

vm phAn ·eUng.

Gie tnjm eua OCB-283 duqe dJ!3!ren eilu tnie ehuAn eua cae tr'!JIl da xu Ii' (SM).
Cac tr~m SM khac nhau th,!c hi¢n cac ch-uc nllng khac nhau.
Tr~m

dieu khi~n chfnh (SMC): Th,!c hi~n cac ch-uc nling dieu khien.

Tr~m

kEt eu6i tuyen PCM (SMT): Th,!e
duong truyen PCM.

hi~n

cae ehue nang truy nMp cae

Tr~m dieu khien cae thiEt bi ph~ trq (SMA): Th,!e hi~n cae ehUe nang quan

Ii' dieh

v~.

9


Tr~ di~u

hanh va bao ducrng (SMM): TIwc hi~n cac chuc nang v~n hanh

va blw duong.
Tr~rn g6c thai gian va dOng bQ (SfS): Dieu khien thai gian h¢ tMng.
Tqm dieu khien chuyen rn~ch (SMX): Dieu khi~n rna tr~n chuyen m~ch
trung tam.
Ok tr~m dieu khien li~n l~c v6i nhau' thong qua kh6i ghep k~nh li~n tr<;lrn
cua rn~ng nQi h~t (MIS).
Ok tr~m SMT va SMA 'lien l;:tc vai nhau va tr<:tm di~u khit~n SMC thong
qua kh6i ghep kenh truy nh~p tr~rn cua rn~ng nQi hat (MAS). MAS. MIS cung
cifp d.c phuang ti~n truyen tin ca ban t6c d¢ cao va tin c~y.
Tuy thea cae c<'fu hlnh khac nhau rna s6 luqng cac rn<;lch vong thong tin
MAS va MIS la khac nhau.
LR

CSNL

CSND

LR

'NT
(1-28) 2
~

CS'D

8M)(

LR

1-4 MAS

TMN _ _- '

Hinh 1.2. Cdu mlc phiin cUng ella A1000E10

TMN: M<;lng quan tIi
LR: Duong rna tr~n.

10

vi~n

thong.


4. Thong so ky Ihu~1
Mue thl;lc hi¢n eua bflt ky h¢ thong chuy6n m~ch nao cling deu phlJ thu¢c
vao tr~ng thai eua n6 (g6m ngii' canh cUQc gQi. dil~u ki¢n ho~t d¢ng).
Cae dung luqng duqc de c~p mue yen c~u ella vi~c ket n6i.

a

Dqa tren mOi twang tham khao trung blnh, Alcatel CIT dua fa cae tham
so' dung luqng sau:

- Dung luqng t6i da xir Iy cua M th6ng la: 280 CALLS (cu¢c thir/gifiy) theo
Khuyen nghi Q543 cua CClrr hay 1.000.000 BHCA (cu¢c goi/gia b~n).
- Dung lugng dau n6i hay dung luqng thi€r l~p tuyen cua rna tr~n chuy6n
ffiech chinh co th~ d~t 2048 duang PCM, do v~y cho phep:
+ Xit Iy d€n 25.000 Erlang.

+ Co the d~u noi c~c dei 200.000 thue bao.
+ T6i da 60.000 trung ke dugc Mu noi.

S. Nguyen

Iy d~1 len

5.1. Nguyen If t6ng quat
O1'u true chuAn g6m 5

ky

til,

ky til thu 6 dung dV phong eha phat tri€n.

5.2. Quy uac
2

3

T

,

4

,,-,-

r

6

... i -

r' - - - - - - 0., phong

' -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Chue nang

Ki~u v~t 15'

eua phan Ur

Ky hi¢u hQ ph:!n tit

• Kji t'i thi! nMt: Hq pMn tit.
A: Treffi di~u khi
I: SMT, SMA.
R: SMX, STS.
T:CSN
• Ky t~ thi! hai: Ki
Iy cua pMn tit.

a
to.

A: Thiel bj tv thfch nghi phia sau tu.

m~t sau

B: Bang chi din,

11


C: Bang m~ch in.
E: Nguon nuai.
F: Phfa sau gia may.
G: C6ng d:lu noi.
P: B¢ keo dai, phat tritn.
R: Til may.
S: Chan cam, 6 cam.

II. PRAN HI); TRUY NH~P THUE BAO
." quan
1. Tong
PMn h~ truy nh~p thue bao eua AIOOOElO I. cae t6ng d.i v~ tinh (CSN).
n6 c6 chilc nang da'u n6i cac thue bao. CSN c6 kha nang ph1,lc v1,l dong thai ca
thue bao tuang tv va thue bao s6.

\.O~'-'='-----"I
\.-,...::00

I

o
\::.J

ALCATEL 1000E 10

8 C~--:--)
_ M~GDOLleu
r7\

\!J~M~"='~'""""=-~
OIA TANG

'-t~tlGV~HAtlH

vA BAo Dt1lNO

Htnh 1.3. Giao tie'p ngo{li vi
AIOOOElOe6

cae giao tic!p ben ngoai nhu sau:

1. Thue bao ehe'd¢ 2. 3 ho~e 4 day.
2. Xilm nMp ISDN co sa t6e d¢ 144 Kb/s (2B+D).
3. Xilm nMp ISDN so cap t6e d¢ 2,048 Mb/s (30B+D).
4+5. Lu6ng PCM tieu ehutln (2,048 Mb/s, 32 kenh, CCITT G732).
6+7. Lien ket s6li~u lUang tu ho~e s6 t6e d¢ 64Kb/s ho~e PCM tieu ehUiln.
8. DuOng 56 lieu 64Kb/s (giao thUe X.25, giao tiep Q3) ho~e duang day
tuang tg voi t6e d¢ nhi> han 19200 Kb/s (giao thue V.24).

12


2. Cae d~e tinh ella thue bao

2.1. Cae d~c Hnh ella thue bao tuang tt!

- Cae duang chi gQi vao

ho~c

chi gQi fa.

- DuOng n6ng.

- Duong kh6ng tinh cuoc.
- Duong t~o tuycn tue thai.
- Xung tfnh cvoc duang tu nhtln 12 ho~c 16 KHz.
- Duong chuyen xung dao clfc ngu6n.
- Cae duong nhern g6m:

+ Duong gQi fa, g9i vao, 2 chieu, 1TU tien.
+ Duong quay s6 vao tflfe tiep DDI.
+ DuOng rieng tu nharr lrong m¢t nh6rn.
- Duong

1IU

tien VIP.

- Duong

l~p ho~c

dan chi tiet.

- Dich v1;l b~t giU.
- Dich vlJ cha gQi.
- Quay l~i con s6 thue bao t\.f d¢ng.
- Dich vlJ tho~i 3 hUdng.

- Ngat cu¢c gQi.
- Quay s6 tilt.
- Chuyen tiep gQi.
- G9i l'.li tlf d"ng neu b*n.
- Dich vI! v~ng m~t.
- Dich vI!. danh thue.
- T~ caJn gQi fa .

.2.2. Cae

d~e

tillh eua thue bao s6:

Cae thue bao s6 co the si'r dlJng mQi dich VIJ nhu d6i vm thue bao luang tl!.
Ngoai fa, no con co mOt 'so d~c tinh khac sau:
- D~ch VIJ. m~ng:
+ Chuyen m~ch kenh 64Kq.ts gWa cae thue bao s6.
+ Chuyen m~ch kenh trong dai tin 300-3400 Hz.
- Dich V1;l tit xa:
13


+ Facsimile (Fax) nhom 2 va 3.

+ Facsimile (Fax) nhom 4 (64Kb/s).
+ Video text.

+ Teletex vm Madem kenh B (64Kb/s) ho~c X.25 M ph6i h+ 64 Kb/s Audio Video text.

+ 64 Kb/s Audia Graphy.
- Cac dich V1,l ph1,l trq:

+ M~ng t6 hqp trong khi g9i.
+ Quay s6 VaG tn.Jc tiep con s6 pha.n

nhi~m.

+ Xung cu6c tren kenh D.
+ Tang gia thanh cu¢c g9i.
+ Chuyen t.~m thai.

+

Li~t

ke cac cu¢c g9i kh6ng tdiai.

+ T<,lo tuy€n cho cu¢c g9i offering.

+ Hien th~ s6 chu g9i.
+ Dau 56 chu g9i.
+ Bao hi~u to' nguai nay den ngum kia (ten cac b~n gqi, khoa xam nh~p,

m~t khiiu ... ).

+ Quan tri dich v1,l khung.

3. Dau neil

cu. CSN vol m~ng

CSN dUQc thiet ke phil hvm mQi h¢ th6ng s6 sir d~ng bao hi~u s67 cua CCITT
CSN dUQc thiet ke phil hvaa kieu Mu n6i vm tdng dai no c6 the Ia nQi h~t (CSNL) ha~c v¢ tinh (CSND).
CSN co the xir ly cac cu¢c gQi di va de cu¢c gQi den voi dung luqng 480
Erlang va 16 duang ket n6i PCM toi aCB -283. S6 luqng duang ket n6i PCM
ph~ thu¢c vaa d~ daan lUll luqng tren dUOng day va chat luqng dich v~ rna
nguoi v~n hanh yeu c~u (t6i thi.!u phili la 2 duOng).

14


TIme bao s6

TIme bao s6
CSNL

Hinh 1.4. Dtfu n6'· eSN viti mgng
(2-4)lR

CNL

ueN
CNE
CSNL
(2-4) lR

CNL

ueN

~

(2-4)PCM

~__C_N_B_._H
___- __/
CSNO

Hillh 1.5. ecru true ella eSN

4. Cau true eua CSN

CSN duge phan thanh 2 pMn:
- Dan vi dic!" !'hi- Cae module

t~p

!rung 56 (CN).

UeN c6 the 180 n¢i h~t hoq.c v¢ tinh tily thu¢c vao kitu da'u noi vai tcing dai.

CN e6 thtlla b¢ t~p trung nQi h~t (CNL) ho~e b<) t~p trung v¢ tinh (CNE)
lily thuQe vao UCN.

1(t)-188

15


voi hai kitu phan bo' nay, CSN rat m~m deo trong ap dl,mg voi cac dia du
kMc nhau tir nhU'ng vung d6ng bang dOng duc dAn cu den nhlIIJ.g noi heo hinh
xa xOi, thua thOt dAn cu.
5. Cau true va ehU'e nang eu. UCN

5.1. Chuc nang cu. UCN
Don vj dieu khitin so' (UCN) co chac nang chinh nhu:

- XiI ly cac cu¢c g9i di va g9i den.
- Chuytn m~ch va thiet l~p cac cu¢c g9i n¢i h~t (vI CSN co tinh ho~t d¢ng
d<)c

I~p).

S.2. Cau true ella UCN
Don vi dieu khitn so' UCN 13 giao tiep giUa cac module t~p trung so' (CN)
va tOng dai.
- UCX: Don vj dieu khi6n va dau no'i.
- GTA:
Nhom xu Iy thi€t bi ph~ trq.
-RCX: M~ng dau nei.
- UC:

Don vi dieu khitn.
- ICNE: Thiel bi giao tiep module t~p trung so' v¢ tinh.
* UCN cau t~o g6m 2 phan:
- Hai don vi dieu khitn va dau n6i (UCX) ho~t dQng thea ki~u ho~t
d<)ng/d~ phOng. Ph"n ho~t d¢ng duqc g9i Iii pMn chu (Master). ph"n nay dieu
khi~n m9i luu luqng va c~p nh~t philn dlJ phong.
Trong ki~u ho~t d¢ng nay, neu phfa hO<;lt d¢ng co sg co' thl se co sg chuytn
d6i tr~ng thai hO<;lt d¢ng tuc thai va phfa dlJ phong se duqc chuytin sang tr~ng
thai ho~t d¢ng va no se dieu khitn toan b¢luu luqng.
- M¢t nh6m xiI ly thiet bi phl,l trq (GTA) dam bllO m¢t s6 chac nang ri~ng
bi¢t phil hqp voi UCX do la:
+ T<;lo ca.c am hi~u va cae ban tin thong bAa cho cae cu¢c thOng tin n¢i b¢
nEu CSND 0 tr<;lng thai tg trio

+ Nh~ bi€t cac tin hi¢u da tan tit cae mayan phim n€u CSND I:J tr~g thai t~ trio
+ Do kitim cac duang thu~ baa dau no'i vOi cae module t~p trung so' n¢i h<;lt.
• UCX chia lam 2 phan:
- M~ng Mu noi (RCX).
- Don vi dieu khi6n (UC).

16

1(i)-188


TIlUe ban

-----{~"'~L:J_-___1
ueN

TIlUe baa --{I::;"'~EJH~-I

Thue baa

----{:::::<'~}--1

TIlUe baa ---C~J

Thue ban-----{~~}_~1

Thutbao -IL--=::...J

Hinh 1.6. Cd'u

trIic

eua UCN

6. Cau true vii ehLre nAng ella CN

6.1. Chuc nang
M6i m<)t b(i t~p trung thue bao (CN) eung e5p 256 duong analog, co 16
bo m~ch duong dAy va m6i bo m~ch co 16 duong analog ho~c 8 duong tIUy
nh~p so toe d¢ ea bim (2B+D) ho~e toe d¢ co so (30B+D).
CN du"e t~o non boi cae b¢ t~p Irung n¢i h~t (CNL) ho~e cae b¢ t*p
trung v¢ tinh (CNE). Trong mOi b¢ t~p trung so co cae khoi duong day
(SLIC). Moi khoi duimg day nay so eung clip m¢t duimg analog ho~e m¢t
duong 56 t6c dQ cO ban/co so.
D6i voi tfn hi¢u tuang t\f, SLIC eung e5p ehu-e nang ehuan vi!!'t tilt hOi 7
ehfr cii BORSCHT, d6 Ill:

B: Cung c5p nguOn - Battery Supply to Subscriber Ljne.
0: Bao v~ qua ap - Over Voltage Protection.
R: Clip ehuOng - Ring Current Supply.

2(i) -188

17


S: Baa hi~u ho~c giam sat - Supervision of Subscriber Terminal.
C: B<) rna hoa va giiii rna - Coder and Decoder.

H: Hybrid (chuyen d6i 2 day 4 day) - Hybrid, 2 wire to 4 wire.
T: Do thir - Test.
D6i vai tin

hi~u

so, SLIC cung ca'p gi.ao ti€p s6 d1,I'a trtn cac chfr cai
cua GAZPACHO, d6 Hi:

d~u

- Vi~c phat ra mii khung (G).
- Vi~c sfip x€p hang khung (A).
- Nen diiy so 0 (Z)_
- Dao qrc (P).
- Xir I)' canh bao (A).
- Khdi phuc I~i xung dOng hO (C).
- TIm kiem trong khi dinh d~ng I~i khung (H).

- Baa hi~u nghi¢p YIJ gifra cac t6ng dai (0).
6.2. Ket noi cua eN v6i mljing dau n6i

Bt) t~p trung s6 n<)i h<;lt (CNL) duqc k€t n6i vai m<;lng dau noi bang lU 2

den 4 duang

de

m~ng

n6i bi> (LRI). M9i TSI6 cua cac duong LRI nily Mu dUQc

sir dl,lng
mang baa hi¢u dieu khitn duang s6 li¢u milc cao (HDLC), kiEu
baa hi¢u nay cho phep thong tin 2 chieu giua cac b¢ t~p trung va dan v~ dieu

khilin so (UC). TSO kh6ng dugc sir dung trong m~ng M mang tho~i.
B¢ t~p trung v~ tinh (CNE) duqc ket noi vai m<.tng dau n6i thong qua tir 2

Mn 4 dubng PCM qua Module giao tiep ICNE. TSI6 dugc sir dung cho
000 hi¢u HDLC.

m~ng

Cuc d~i c6 the sir dung den 42 LRI d<! ket noi cac bi> t~p trung (CN) voi
m<.tng dau noi.
Cuc d~i c6 the phlit trien Mn 19 b(>
LRI dugc ph3n ph6i cho 19 CNL.

t~p

trung so n(>i

h~t

(CNL). Khi d6 42

S6lugng cuc d'!i cua cac b(> t~p trung v¢ tinh (CNE) c6 the ph.t trien la 20 b(>.
Neu sir dung co CNL va CNE thl so cuc

d~i

so la 20 CN.

Mdi mi>t CNE c6 the ket noi til 1 til 4 duang PCM. M(>t ICNE cho phep
ket noi cuc d~i 42 PCM.

co toi da Iii 20 CNE dugc ket noi tm m~ng chuyen m~ch.
18

2(1) -188


0
1
Thue baa

CNL

3

r-l

"
r-l

2 -4 LRI

Thue baa -

H,Q;C

,---

~C

;

CNE

TS16

\

i;

,

rl

1 -4 PCM

L--

H,Q.;C

,--;

Thue baa -

CNE
L--

i

42 LRI

t7--

Bang k€t n6'i

,..,

chuyen m~ch

1-4 LRI

ICNE

H~

,,

1

"

1 - 4 PCM

RCX
r-1

1 - 4 LRI

Hlnh 1.7. Kit nt/i cae h9 ph(m tcJp trung so' (eN) viii m;zng ddu n6'i

7. Ket no; cua cae deln vi tham nh~p thue bao so vii OCB-283
7.1. Ket noi nQi h~t
Ok dan vi thAm nh~p thue bao s6 n¢i h~t (CSNL) dugc da'u n6i trlfc tiep
vai m,!ng di(u noi eua EIO bang tlr 2 d€n 16 du1mg m,!ng (RL). Hai duang
m,!ng dAu tien mang bao hi~u so 7 tren khe thOi gian 16 (TSI6). khe so 0 (TSO)
khong dugc sir dl:Illg dl! mang tho;;ti, con cac TS16 khac khong mang bao hi~u
so 7 thi se dugc sir d1,lng cho kenh tho;;ti.
Bao hi~u
PCMO : TSI6.
PCM1 : TSI6.
Kenh tho,!i
PCMO : TS1 den TSI5.
PCM1 : TS17 den TS31.

PCM2-PCMI5: TS1 den TS31.
7.2. Ket noi v~ tinh
cae dan vi tham nMp thue bao s6 v¢ tinh (CSND) dU'ie di(u noi va; m~ng
diiu n6i qua dan vi dau n6i ghep kenh (SMT). Co tlr 2 den 16 PCM dU'ie sir
d~ng M di(u n6i va; CSND. TSO khong dU'ie sir d~ng M mang tho~.
TS16 neu khong mang thong tin bao hi~u C7 thl du'ic sir d~ng eho thong
tin tho;;ti.

19


CCtTT SS7

Thut bao

eNL

o
RCX

li'---1-'-=----I

"CX

15

Thut bao

--l

2 - 16 LR

CNE

mnh 1.B. Ktr nOj" CSNL Vlyi OCB-2B3
hi~u

PCMO: TS!6.
PCM! : TS!6.
Kenh tho<;li
PCMO : TS! dOn TS!5.
PCMl : TSl7 den TS31.
PCM2-PCMl5: TSl den TS31.
Ta xe, sO d6 ke', noi CSND vai OCB-283:

Bao

=I
I CNL I

TIlUe baa

CCITT SS7

CClnSS7

.r
0

0

1

Rex

1

Mex

,
: 15

Thue baa

-1

CNE

h'~ fue

~

(SMT]

2-16PCM

Mex

15
2-16LR

(2 -16) MIC

'--

Hinh 1.9. Kei noi CSND va; OCB-2B3

8. Ela'u no; cac thue bao vb; ddn vi tham nh~p thue bao so - CSN
Trang cac phan tn1O'c ta da nghien cUu cau truc cua CSN, cach dtlu n6i
CSN voi OCB-283. Trang m~c nay ta xem xet vi~c dau n6i cac thue baa toi
~~~G~~~~~~~~*~~~~

20


CSN duqe thiet ke eho m~ng s6 da djeh v~ (ISDN), nen cae CSN co th~
ph~e v~ eho eae kieu dau n6i sau da.y:
- Cae duang thue bao tuang tlf 2 ho~c 4 day.
- Qic duimg thue bao so t6c dQ co sa 144 Kb/s (2B+D), kenh D t6c d¢ 16 Kb/s.
- Cae duang PCM dau noi tai cae tcing dai ea quan (PABX) t6c d¢ sa cap
2,048Mb/s (30B+D). konh D toe dQ 64 Kb/s'.
D~ hieu r5 van de nay, hay xern xet hlnh ve sa do dau n6i ella cae thue bao
tai CSN.
CNLM: B¢ t~p trung s6 n¢i h~t cho cae thue bao tuang lI! va thue bao s6.
CNEM: B¢ t1,l.p trung s6 v¢ tinh cho cae thue bao wang tlf va thue bao s6.

2·4 LRJ

PABX

2048 Kb

$

UCN

TN'
_~
[~;;:::}--'''''''~''~''-'
PABX

2 • 4 MIC (Pt.IC)
CHEM

2048 Kbp$

Hinh 1.10. Cac thue bao ddu n6, va; CSN
V6i cae ket n6i rna CSN co the ph~c Vl,l nhu tren co the n6i rang, 51! phat
tritn ella tcing dai di¢n tu s6 Alcatel 1000ElO la ehla kh6a trong phuong thue
phat trien m~ng toan du ella Alcatel. N6i den m~g toan du la de e~p den mqi
d~eh v~ .dang ton t,!i va cae dieh v~ rna khach hang yeu du trong wang lai.
M,:lflg toan d.u cua Akatel bao gom rn~ng tho'!i va 51! phlit trien ella no
thanh m,!ng ISDN, cae m~ng s6 li¢u va rn~ng gia tri gia tang khae. D~e bi¢t
m,!ng gia tfi gia tang la m~ng xiI 19 cae ban tin va Video Text. Cae m~ng thong
minh, cae h¢ th6ng vo tuyen te bao, cae m~ng v~n hanh bao duong va cu6i
clmg Iii s~ pMt trien thanh m~ng ISDN diti r¢ng B-ISDN sit d~ng ky thu~t
truyi!n dan bat dOng b¢ AlM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode).

21

Ill. T6 CHilc mtiu KHIfN OCB . 283
TO ehue diEu khi~n OCB-283 la t6 hc!p eua phan
v~n

h~ k€t n6i dieu khien va

hanh bao duong.
1. Cau true phiin eUng

- BT: Thai gian ca sa.
- COM: B¢ dieu khien chuy~n rn~ch.
- URM: B¢ dieu khien trung k€.
- ETA: Quan tri thi€t bi ph~ trq.
- PUPE: B¢ dieu khien giao thue bao hi¢u s67.
- pc: BQ diEu khien bao hi~u s6 7.
- MR: B¢ xiI Iy g9i.
- TR: B¢ quaD trt s6 li¢u ca sa (B¢ phien dich).
- TX; Tinh eucre va do huang lUll tho~i.
- GX: Quan Iy rna tr~n ehuyen rn~eh.
- OM: V ~n hanh va bao duong.
- MQ: Phan ph6i bim tin.
Phan he tmy nh¥P Ihue DaD

,,-----.-.,
: CSNL

-0+:_~~~~__'L"'R'_I

SM'

,
: CSNO

,

:(CSED)

++--1

M~ch va thiet bj
thOng bao ghi san

Ccmmunication muH~1ex

"'N
PGS

Canh bilo
.'!!.

HinTz 1.11. Cau true chuc nang cua ui chuc dieu khiin OCB - 283


Mbi m¢t chuc nang clla t6 chuc di~u khitn duqc phan b6 thea ctfu truc clla
cac tr~: SMC, SMA, SMT, SIS, SMX, va SMM. Cac chuc nang clla cac tr~rn
la tuang ung vOi dc kh6i chuc nang trong t6 chuc di~u khitn OCB-283.
1.1. Tr~m dieu khi€n ehlnh . SMC
1.1.1. Chri'c nang cua trq.m dilu khiln chinh - SMC
- MR: Chuc nang xiI 15' g9i:

MR th1!c hi~n chue nang thi~t l~p va giiii ph6ng cho cac cu¢c th6ng tin.
MR dua ra dc quy~t dinh can thi~t d~ xiIly cac cUQc th6ng tin voi cac danh
rnl,lc ve bao hi~u nh~n duqc, sau khi tham khao s61i~u ca sa clla thue bao trong
b¢ bien dich con so' (TR) neu dn thi~t n6 se xiI ly cu¢c g9i moi, I~nh chuytn
m,!ch thiet l~p, ng~t dau noi va giiti ph6ng thiet bi.
Ngoai ra, MR con thl!C hi¢n chuc nang quan tri khac nhu: dieu khitn kitm
tra trung ke, cac quan tr~ic ...
- TR: Chuc nang quan tri so' li~u ca sa:
TR con duqc g9i Hi b¢ bien dtch. TR dam nhi~m chuc nang quan tri bien
djch, phAn dch, quan tri ca sa dit li¢u cila cac thue bao trung ke.
TR ho trq cho MR, yeu cau tit MR cac d~c dnh clla thue bao va trung kecan thiet cho vi¢c thiet l~p va giai phong th6ng tin.
TR con co nhi¢m V':l ph6i hqp gWa con so' quay so' nh~n duqc vai dja chi
clla trung ke ho~c thue bao (tien pM.n tich, phAn tich, bien djch).
- TX: Chuc nang linh cUtJC cho cac cu¢c th6ng tin;
TX th1!c hi~n:
+ Tinh toan s61uqng eucrc cho tUng cUQc th6ng tin.

+ Llfl.I tri! s61i¢u cuac cho tUng thue bao duqc t6ng dlti chuytin nweh ph':lc 'V\l.
+ Cung etfp cae th6ng tin e4n thiet eho vi¢c Hfy h6a d<1n chi tiet vOi l~nh
tir SMM.
DOng thai, TX th,!,c hi¢n ehue nang quan trAc (thue bao ho~c trung k<0.
- OX: Dieu khien rna tr~n dAu n6i va quan 15' rna tr~n dtfu n6i.
Chuc nllng cua OX Ii. xu 19 va gi~m sat ehlft lUQng dc duOng dlfu n6i bao g6m:

+ Thiet 14p va gilli ph6ng tuyen n6i tir b¢ di~u khi~n (URM) ho~c tir b¢
pMn ph6i ban tin (MQ).
+ Nh$n biet d.e tin hi¢u loi trong dtfu n6i do b¢ dieu khh~n chuy€n m~ch
(COM) gay ra.
23

Dong thai, ox thvc hi¢n chilc n;lng ghim sat cac ket noi cu6i cua cac
thanh phan d~ll n6i (cae duong xarn nh~p LA va cac duemg n¢i o¢ tai LCXE)
dinh ky ho~c thea yell cau tit cac duang nhat dinh.
- PC:DUiu khi~n quan tri baa hi¢u s67.
PC thvc hi¢n cac chuc nang:
+ Quan tri rn~ng (m¢t phan cua rnuc 3)
+ PhOng v¢ PUPE.
+ Cae chuc nang quan trae khac rna khOng li~n quan trvc tiep den bao hi¢u
so 7 cua CcnT.
- MQ: Phan phO"i ban tin.
MQ c6 chuc nang djnh huang cac ban tin, n6 thvc hi¢n vi¢c pha.n phoi
va sap xep cac ban tin ben trong nao d6 giUa cac co quan cua tcing dai: MR,
TX, URM, ETA, OM ... (Nh~n ban tin, ghi vaa b¢ nha, phan tfch va t~o ban
tin khac).
M¢t d.ch tcing quat MR thvc hi¢n cac chuc nang sau:
+ Oiam sat cac cu¢c dau nei ban c6 djnh (cac duong du li¢u).
+ Chuy~n giao ban tin giUa cac ghep k~nh th6ng tin (chuc nang c6ng).
Ngoai ra, SMC can thvc hi~n rn¢t s6 chuc nang khac nhu:
- Dieu khi€n thOng tin (CC)
- Xu ly phan ap d~ng diem ph~c v~ bao hi~u (SSP).
- os: Quan tri cac djch Vl,l, ap dl;lng SS7.
Tuy nhien, tily thu¢c va~ cau hlnh va luu luqng xu ly rna rn¢t ho~c nhieu
chuc nang tren duqc cai d~t trong cimg rn9t tr~rn SMC.
1.1.2. Vi tri ella trlJ.m die'u khiln chinh - SMC
Tr<;lrn SMC duqc dau noi vai cac rn6i twong thong tin sau (xcrn hlnh 1.2):
- M<;lch vang th6ng tin MIS
- Trao dcii thong tin giua SMC vai tr<;lrn v~n hanh va bao duong SMM.
- M~ch v"ng thOng tin MAS (1-4 MAS)
- Trao dcii thong tin vai tr~rn dieu khitn thiet bi phl,I trq SMA, tr~rn dieu

khi~n dau noi trung ke SMT, tr'.lrn dieu khien rna tr~n SMX, cae tr<;lrn nay deu
diiu n6i voi MAS.
- M<;lch vang canh baa MAL
- Chuy~n cac canh baa nguon tit tr<;lrn SMC den tr<;lrn SMM.

24


1.1.3. Cau truc chuc nting cUa trq.m dieu khiin chinh - SMC
*" Cdu true t6ng quelt cua m{}r trgm die'u khiln
Cau true g8m:
- M¢t ho~e nhieu b¢ xu IY.
- M¢t ho~e nhieu b¢ ket noi thong minh.
cae dem vi tren ket noi v6i nhau bang bus .va trao d6i soli~u qua 1 b¢ nh6 chung.
Phuong thue xay dvng tr;;t.m dieu khi~n dVa tren phuong thue ap dl).ng h¢
th6ng Aleatel 8300.
Bus noi hi) 32 bit

JI

Jl

Bo< ritng
BONH(I
N¢IB¢

B¢ NH(I

&)
XUL't

--.-;.B¢ NH(I

illNG

CHUNG

If

1

1'--------1

,I
,

,,
,

i

i

o¢mN61
I HOAC 00 NH(I I

i HO~CB¢'XULYI
I
I
I

I,_

V

I
'
I
I'

V

8511 10 bll

Hlnh 1.12. Cdu true rring quat eua mt}l frq.m diell khMn

Cau truc ev th~ eua m¢t tr<;tm dieu khi~n bao g8m cae thanh phan sau:
- M'lt hoac nhieu e~p (Coupler) CMP, CMS.
- M¢t ho~e nhieu dem vi xii Iy PUp, pus.
- M'lt bi> uh6 chung CM.
- Ok Coupler d-'"

r'

BQxiJ

I~

II<)nhO"
cliWlg

chfnh

~f

II

."
~~

..

"".,,,,

~~I

-.
,
•

II

r_mg

..,.,
I

i"J
Be> xlI
19 (ii\l

~p
.,,0

n6i

d:!Ic

hi~1

Hlllh 1.13. Cau true m(Jl trgm dMu khiin

25