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List of Resources

Below are a series of resources aimed to support you in developing a GHG emissions inventory. Gathered from
multiple organizations, these selections provide you with a basic set of literature that covers emissions
inventories. This list will be a running series, and suggestions and additions are welcome in the comment section
below.

LIST OF RESOURCES
Research and Technical Guidance
Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories
Developed by the World Resources Institute, C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group and ICLEI – Local
Governments for Sustainability, the GPC is a method for inventory-taking created to improve the quality of
inventories and ensure that inventories are comparable.
2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
The 2006 IPCC Guidelines provide guidance to assist countries in compiling complete, national inventories of
greenhouse gases, covering energy, industrial processes and product use, agriculture, forestry and other land use,
and waste sectors.
Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
The revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines are still used by some countries at a national level and similar to provide
guidance to assist countries in compiling complete, national inventories of greenhouse gases, covering energy,
industrial processes, solvents and other product use, agriculture, land-use change and forestry, and waste
sectors.
Greenhouse Gas Data Management: Building Systems for Corporate/Facility-Level Reporting
Drawing on lessons learned from more than 10 jurisdictions – including Chile, China, Germany, Mexico, South
Africa, Turkey, and the US – the report provides guidance on how to design, develop, and implement data
management systems that support industry greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting programs.
Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
The GPG2000 support the 1996 IPCC guidelines and help in the development of GHG inventories by assisting in
quantifying uncertainties, subject to quality control and quality assurance, and efficient in the use of resources.
Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry
Provides guidance to estimate and reporting carbon stock changes and GHG emissions from LULUCF activities

under Article 3, paragraphs 3 and 4, and Articles 6 and 12 of the Kyoto Protocol.


List of Resources
EMEP/EEA Emissions Inventory Guidebook
The EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook (formerly called the EMEP CORINAIR emission
inventory guidebook) provides guidance on estimating emissions from both anthropogenic and natural emission
sources. It is designed to facilitate reporting of emission inventories by countries to the UNECE Convention on
Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and the EU National Emission Ceilings Directive.
WRI Policy and Action Standard
The GHG Protocol Policy and Action Standard provides a standardized approach for estimating and reporting the
change in GHG emissions and removals resulting from policies and actions.
WRI Mitigation Goal Standard
The GHG Protocol Mitigation Goal Standard provides guidance for designing national and subnational mitigation
goals and a standardized approach for assessing and reporting progress toward goal achievement.
WRI Corporate Standard
Provides guidance for companies and other organizations to estimate and report GHG emissions following
international standards and best practices.
WRI Project Protocol
Developed by the WRI, the project protocol provides guidance for estimating and reporting GHG emission
reductions based on a policy-neutral methodology.
WRI LULUCF Guidance for Project Accounting
Provides guidance to estimate and report GHG reductions from LULUCF project activities.
Brazilian GHG Protocol Programme
Adapted from the WRI Corporate Standard, Brazil provides guidelines to estimate corporate GHG emissions, a
tool to estimate emissions using in some cases national emission factors, guidelines to verify GHG emission
inventories and guidelines to estimate scope 3 emissions.

Emission Factor databases and data sources
Below are a selection of databases and data sources for emission factors. Please note that these should not be

applied ‘blindly’, and a subjective assessment of quality (and relevance/applicability to your city) should always be
considered. Locally-specific emission factors are usually preferred and considered highest quality, but default
factors available via these sources can be used to verify local factors as well as plug gaps. If in doubt, the IPCC
2006 Guidelines and the GPC should always be consulted for guidance on appropriate emission factors.
GHG protocol


List of Resources
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol) is the most widely used international accounting tool for
government and business leaders to understand, quantify, and manage greenhouse gas emissions. The GHG
Protocol has a variety of sector-specific tools as well as a spreadsheet database of Emission Factors from all crosssector tools, that support inventory compilation.
IPCC EFDB
EFDB is meant to be a recognized library, where users can find emission factors and other parameters with
background documentation or technical references that can be used for estimating greenhouse gas emissions and
removals. EFDB at present contains only the IPCC default data IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty
Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, IPCC Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use
Change and Forestry, and 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories), and data from peerreviewed papers and other publications including National Inventory Reports (NIRs).
Defra Conversion Factors for Company Reporting
The UK government has produced a web based tool containing emission conversion factors for greenhouse gas
reporting. These conversion factors help companies convert their activities, such as fuel consumption, car mileage
or waste generated, into the equivalent GHG emissions. The conversion factors are updated annually at the end
of May. These factors are UK-specific but can be used by other countries with appropriate assumptions. Overseas
electricity factors are available.
Defra NAEI Factors Database
The UK government, through the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI), provides a database of
emission factors used in the UK Emissions Inventory and emission factors designed for local inventories. Key
sources come from the IPCC Guidelines, EMEP/EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook, and the USEPA
AP-42.
Emissionfactors.com
EmissionFactors.com taps into the most powerful environmental database in the world, powered by Ecometrica.

It contains 26,000 Factors with 48,000 assumptions, covering 248 countries.
US EPA Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emissions Factors
Provides links to various emission factor resources available in the US.
The Climate Registry
The Climate Registry (TCR) is a non-profit organization governed by U.S. states and Canadian provinces and
territories. TCR designs and operates voluntary and compliance GHG reporting programs globally, and assists
organizations in measuring, reporting and verifying (MRV) the carbon in their operations in order to manage and
reduce it. To achieve this mission and to promote transparency, TCR provides its reporting protocols and curated
default emission factor database to the public free of charge.


List of Resources
Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport
Developed on behalf of the Environmental Protection Agencies of Germany, Switzerland and Austria, provides
emission factors for a variety of commonly used vehicle for a wide variety of traffic situations.
FAOStat
Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Contains emissions datasets for
Agriculture and Land Use sectors plus other socioeconomic datasets, at national, regional and international level.
UNFCCC Annex I Party National GHG Inventory Submissions
Annual inventory submissions consisting of the national inventory report (NIR) and common reporting format
(CRF) of all Parties included in Annex I to the Convention. Useful for country-specific emission factors, nationallevel data, or proxy data from comparative countries.
Biennial Update Reports submitted to the UNFCCC by non-Annex I countries
BURs are reports to be submitted by non-Annex I Parties, containing updates of national Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
inventories, including a national inventory report and information on mitigation actions, needs and support
received. Such reports provide updates on actions undertaken by a Party to implement the Convention, including
the status of its GHG emissions and removals by sinks, as well as on the actions to reduce emissions or enhance
sinks. BURs should be submitted every 2 years. Useful for country-specific emission factors, national-level data, or
proxy data from comparative countries.
GHG inventory software for non-Annex I parties
All non-Annex I Parties are required to submit a national inventory of anthropogenic emissions by sources, and

removals by sinks, of all greenhouse gases (GHGs) as part of their national communications. The secretariat
developed a web-based application for use by non-Annex I Parties in estimating and reporting their GHG
emissions by sources and removals by sinks. Cities may find this a useful tool.
IPCC Waste model
Excel based model accompanying the IPCC 2006 Guidelines, for calculating solid waste emissions using the First
Order Decay (FOD) method.

Guidebooks & Tools
Rio de Janeiro Low-Carbon City Development Program
The Rio Low Carbon City Development Program (LCCDP) is a systems-approach to low carbon development,
including a framework and set of comprehensive requirements to help the city to plan, implement, monitor, and
account for low carbon investments and climate change mitigation actions across all sectors in the city over time.
Low-Carbon City Development Program Guidebook


List of Resources
Developed by the World Bank and DNV KEMA Energy & Sustainability to provide guidance to cities and urban
practitioners to designing and implementing an LCCDP that complies with the LCCDP Assessment Protocol. The
main content of the Guidebook is presented in four sections that correspond to the stages of LCCDP
development: Initiation, Planning, Execution, and Assessment/ Evaluation.
Guiding Principles for City Climate Action Planning
The Guiding Principles for City Climate Action Planning reviews typical steps in the city-level climate action
planning process in light of a proposed set of globally applicable principles. They are intended to be applied
flexibly, together with more detailed ‘how to’ manuals, to help cities more effectively play their role in reducing
greenhouse gas emissions and building climate resilience.
ICLEI - ClearPath
Developed by ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, ClearPath™ is an online software platform for
completing greenhouse gas inventories, forecasts, climate action plans, and monitoring at the communitywide or government operations scale.
Climate Action for Urban Sustainability
CURB (Climate Action for Urban Sustainability) is a scenario planning tool that aims to help cities prioritize

different carbon abatement actions and investments based on cost, feasibility, and impact on energy use
and GHG emissions. CURB Version 1.0 has been developed in coordination with AECOM and C40 and is
currently being rolled out in more than a dozen cities around the world
WRI Greenhouse Gas Accounting Tool for Chinese Cities
Developed by the WRI together with the Institute of Urban and Environmental Studies of the Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the Institute for
Sustainable Communities (ISC) provides a tool for Chinese cities to estimate and report city GHG emissions
and is compatible with various reporting formats such as the GPC, the provincial inventory format, etc.
Brazil GHG Protocol Program
Provides Brazil-specific corporate calculation tools intended to assist managers in the GHG inventory
preparation process, including transport, aviation and scope 3 emissions.

E-learning
Cities and Climate Change Leadership
The e-Learning course on Cities and Climate Change Leadership will serve as an introductory course providing an
overview of basic concepts, policies, institutions and financial instruments for use by cities. Its overall objective is
to encourage city leaders and decision makers to undertake climate actions suitable to local needs
Fundamentals of Climate Change


List of Resources
This course addresses the basics of Climate Change including: the greenhouse effect, and how it impacts the
earth’s climate; current and projected impacts of client change on ecological, biological and socioeconomic
systems; international negotiations and agreements addressing the climate change problem; international
negotiations and agreements addressing the climate change problem; mitigation and adaptation approaches and
financing climate change related development actions

Community of Practice
City Climate Planner Certificate Program
Women in Urban Development