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1
R).
I).
E).
R
R
R
I, E
I
E
I
E
R
I, E
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8
CK1
H
He
R
CK2
Li
I, E
CK3
Na Mg Al Si P
CK4
K
Be B
C
N
O F
Ne
S Cl Ar
Ca
VD1:
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Al < Mg < Na < K.
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VD2:
a. C, N, F, O.
b. S, Cl, P, F.
C < N < O < F.
b.
P < S < Cl < P.
21
KL).
Bz).
Tính phi kim (PK).
Ax).
– Tính phi kim.
– Tính axit.
><
R, KL, Bz
I, E, PK, Ax
N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8
CK1
H
R, KL, Bz
CK2
Li
I, E, PK, Ax
CK3
Na Mg Al Si P
CK4
K
(A) P, N, F, O.
(C) P, N, O, F.
He
Be B
C
N
O F
Ne
S Cl Ar
Ca
(B) N, P, F, O.
(D) N, P, O, F.
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(A) M < X < Y < R.
(C) Y < M < X < R.
(B) R < M < X < Y.
(D) M < X < R < Y.
Cách 1:
M (Z = 11)
M là Na
X (Z = 17)
X là Cl
Y (Z = 9)
Y là F.
R (Z = 19)
R là K.
– Ta có: Na, K cùng nhóm IA
Cl, F cùng nhóm VIIA
Na, Cl cùng chu kì 3
K < Na < Cl < F hay
R
Cách 2:
M (Z =11) 1s22s22p63s1
chu kì 3, nhóm IA.
X (Z = 17) 1s22s22p63s23p5
chu kì 3, nhóm VIIA.
Y (Z = 9)
1s22s22p5
chu kì 2, nhóm VIIA.
R (Z = 19) 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 chu kì 4, nhóm IA.
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–
Rcation < R
< Ranion
R X3
R Y2
RZ
RX
R Y2
R Z3
VD5:
+,
Mg2+, O2–, F–.
– Ta có:
Na (Z = 11): 1s22s22p63s1
Mg (Z = 12): 1s22s22p63s2
Na+, Mg2+, O2–, F–
O (Z = 8): 1s22s22s4
electron là 1s22s22p6
F (Z = 9): 1s22s22p5
RNa
– Theo chú ý trên ta có:
, Mg2
RMg2
RF
RNa
R O2
RF
, O2
RMg2
2+,
RNa
RF
R O2
Na+, F–, O2–.
1
Tính phi kim
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2
(A
(B
(C
(D
3
A)
B)
C)
D)
4
(A
không
(B
(C
(D
5
(A
(B
(C
(D
6
A)
B) F, Na, O, Li.
C)
D) Li, Na, O, F.
A)
B) K, Mg, Si, N.
C)
D) Mg, K, Si, N.
7
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(A) M < X < Y < R.
(C) R < M < X < Y.
(B) Y < M < X < R.
(D) M < X < R < Y.
9
(A) F, Cl, Mg, Na, K.
(C) F, Cl, K, Mg, Na.
A
1
(B) K, Mg, Na, Cl, F.
(D) K, Na, Mg, Cl, F.
(Z = 11), X2 (Z = 19), X3 (Z = 16), X4
(A) X2, X1, X3, X4.
(B) X4, X3, X1, X2.
(B) X4, X3, X2, X1.
(D) X2, X1, X4, X3.
B
1s22s22p63s1; 1s22s22p63s2; 1s22s22p63s23p1
(A) Z, Y, X.
(C) Y, Z, X.
(B) X, Y, Z.
(D) Z, X, Y.
C
1s22s22p5; 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5; 1s22s22p63s23p5
TOPPER. Chú ý
(A) X, Y, Z.
(C) X, Z, Y.
(B) Y, Z, X.
(D) Y, X, Z.
D
(A
(B
(C
(D
E
(A) Cl2O7 < Br2O7 < I2O7.
(C) Cl2O7 < I2O7 < Br2O7.
(B) I2O7 < Br2O7 < Cl2O7.
(D) Br2O7 < I2O7 < Cl2O7.
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F
(A) NaOH < Mg(OH)2 < Al(OH)3.
(C) Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3, NaOH.
G
3+,
(B) Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2, NaOH.
(D) NaOH, Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2.
Ne, O2–
1s22s22p6
(A) Al3+, O2–, Ne.
(B) Ne, O2–, Al3+.
(C) O2–, Ne, Al3+.
(D) Al3+, Ne, O2–.
H Cho các ion Al3+, Na+, Mg2+, F–, O2–
1s22s22p6
TOPPER. Chú ý
(A) Na+, Mg2+, Al3+, F–, O2–.
(B) F–, O2–, Na+, Mg2+, Al3+.
(C) Al3+,Mg2+, Na+, F–, O2–.
(D) O2–, F–, Al3+, Mg2+,Na+ .
I
n+
và Y–
n+
và Y–
electron là 1s22s22p6
(A) Xn+ < Y < Y– < X.
(B) Xn+ < Y < X < Y–.
(C) Xn+ < Y– < Y < X.
(D) Y < Y– < Xn+ < X.
J
(A) Li+, Na+, F–, Cl–.
(B) F–, Li+, Na+, Cl–.
(C) F–, Li+, Cl–, Na+.
(D) Li+, F–, Na+, Cl–.
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31
x thì
x
8–x
VD6:
Nhóm
IA
Na
IIA
Mg
IIIA
Al
IVA
Si
VA
P
VIA
S
VIIA
Cl
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Na2O
MgO
Al2O3
SiO2
P2O5
SO3
Cl2O7
4
3
2
1
SiH4
PH3
H2S
HCl
VD7:
2O5
(A
(C
(B) cacbon.
(D) photpho.
2O5
3.
MR
.100 %
MR 3
%mR
82, 35 %
R
3
(A) Zn.
(B) Cu.
(C) Mg.
(D) Fe.
3
%mM
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M
= 56
MM
MM
32
.100 %
63, 64 %
M là Fe
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VD9:
x
(A) clo.
0,5955.
y
(B
(C) brom.
(D
2Oa).
8–a).
x
2MX
.100 %
2MX 16a
y
MX
.100 %
MX 8 a
2MX
.100 %
2MX 16a
MX
.100 %
MX 8 a
x
y
MX
0,5955
11,528a 16
0, 809
–
X
vào a ta có:
a
4
5
6
7
MX
3722
5147
6572
8000
a 7
MX 80
K
(A) IIIA.
3.
(B) IA.
(C) VIA.
L
(A) 2.
(D) VIIA.
2O5
(B) 3.
(C) 4.
(D) 5.
M
(A) XO.
Trong
4
(B) XO2.
(C) X2O3.
(D) XO4.
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N
là ns2np4
(A) XO, H2X.
(C) XO2, XH4.
(B) XO3, H2X.
(D) XO2, H2X.
O
(A
(B
(C
(D
2O.
2O7.
TOPPER. Chú ý
– MAs
– MSi
P
RH3
(A) S.
(B) As.
(C) N.
(D) P.
Q
3
(A
(B) oxi.
(C
(D) cacbon.
R
ngoài cùng là ns2np4
A)
B) 27,27%.
C)
D) 40,00%.
S
A
B
D) cacbon.
C
T
a
b
2, 75. Nguyên
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(A) cacbon.
(B
(C) silic.
(D) photpho.
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Câu
1
Câu
B
A
Câu
L
B
2
A
C
B
M
B
3
C
D
D
N
B
4
B
E
B
O
B
5
A
F
B
P
C
6
A
G
D
Q
C
7
B
H
C
R
D
8
C
I
D
S
D
9
D
J
A
T
A
A
A
K
C
1
Tính phi kim
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11