LÝ THUYẾT VÀ BÀI TẬP VỀ TỪ LOẠI

CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TỪ
(WORD FORMATION)
[A] : CÁCH THÀNH LẬP TÍNH TỪ ĐƠN.

Noun + suffix Adjectives
-ful
Harmful, useful, successful, hopeful, helpful, peaceful…
-less
Childless, odourless, careless, hopeless, harmless, useless…
-ly
Manly, worldly, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly,friendly…
-like
Childlike, godlike, lifelike, ladylike, manlike…
-y
Healthy, dirty, dusty, snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny, sandy…
-ish
Childish, boyish, girlish, mannish, selfish…
-al
Natural, national, industrial, agricultural, cultural, magical…
-ous
Dangerous, courageous, poisonous, mountainous…
-ic
Artistic, electric, electronic, alcoholic, economic…
-able
Respectable, knowledgeable, reasonable…
NOUN + less = ADJECTIVE NOUN + ful = ADJECTIVE NOUN + AL = ADJECTIVE
speech⇒speechless: không
nói
rest⇒ restless: không nghỉ
ngơi
childl ⇒ childless: không con

cái
odour ⇒ odourless: không
mùi
care ⇒ careless: bất cẩn
harm ⇒ harmless: không có
hại
tree ⇒ treeless: không có cây
job ⇒ jobless: không có việc
làm
use ⇒ useful: có ich
delight ⇒ delightful: thú vò
success ⇒ successful: thành công
hope ⇒ hopeful: có hy vọng
care ⇒ careful: cẩn thận
help ⇒ helpful: sẳn sàng giúp đỡ
harm ⇒ harmful: có hại
peace ⇒ peaceful: thanh bình
waste ⇒ wasteful: lãng phí
beauty ⇒ beautiful: đẹp
wonder ⇒ wonderful: tuyệt vời
agriculture ⇒ agricultural:
nông nghiệp
nature ⇒ natural: tự nhiên
culture⇒ cultural: văn hóa
continent⇒ continetal: lục đòa
region⇒ regional: vùng. khu vực
occupation ⇒ occupational:
nghề nghiệp
music ⇒ musical: âm nhạc
nation ⇒ national: quốc gia

medicine⇒ medical: y khoa
surgery⇒ surgical: giải phẫu
industry⇒ industrial: công
nghiệp
chemistry ⇒ chemical: hóa học
history ⇒ historical: lòch sử
logic ⇒ logical: hợp lý
NOUN + Y = ADJECTIVE NOUN + OUS = ADJECTIVE NOUN + ISH =
ADJECTIVE
dust ⇒ dusty: có bụi
snow ⇒ snowy: có tuyết
rain ⇒ rainy: có mưa
sand ⇒ sandy: có cát
dirt ⇒ dirty: dơ bẩn
health⇒ healthy: khỏe mạnh
adventure⇒ adventurous: mạo
hiểm
poison ⇒ poisonous: độc hại
fame⇒ famous: nổi tiếng
danger ⇒ dangerous: nguy hiểm
adventure ⇒ adventurous: mạo
fool ⇒ foolish: ngu đần
child ⇒ childish: hơi trẻ con
red ⇒ reddish: hơi đỏ
self ⇒ selfish: ích kỷ
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salt (muối) ⇒ salty: mặn
storm ⇒ stormy: có bão
sun ⇒ sunny: nắng
cloud ⇒ cloudy: có mây

wind ⇒ windy: có gió
mud⇒ muddy: có bùn
hiểm
miracle⇒miraculous: kỳ diệu
glory ⇒ glorious: vẻ vang
nerve (thần kinh) ⇒ nervous: hồi
hộp
NOUN + LY = ADJECTIVE NOUN + LIKE = ADJECTIVE NOUN / VERB + IVE =
ADJECTIVE
day ⇒ daily: hằng ngày
week ⇒ weekly: hằng tuần
month ⇒ monthly: hằng
tháng
year ⇒ yearly: hằng năm
hour ⇒ hourly: hằng giờ
friend (bạn) ⇒ friendly: thân
thiện
man ⇒ manly: nam tính
brother ⇒ brotherly: tình anh
em
child ⇒ childlike: ngây thơ
god ⇒ godlike: giống thần thánh
life ⇒ lifelike: giống như người
thật
statesman ⇒ statesmanlike: như
chính khách
act ⇒ active: tích cực
effect⇒ effective: có hiệu quả
attract ⇒ attractive: hấp dẫn
expense ⇒ expensive: đắt tiền

protect ⇒ protective: bảo vệ
VERB + ABLE = ADJECTIVE
VERB +ED = ADJECTIVE VERB + ING = ADJECTIVE
reason ⇒ reasonable: hợp lý
comfort ⇒ comfortable:thoải
mái
enjoy⇒ enjoyable: thú vò
divide ⇒ divisible: có thể
chia được
value ⇒ valuable: có giá trò
tolerate ⇒ tolerable: có
thể chòu đựng
disappoint ⇒ disappointed: thất
vọng
satisfy ⇒ satisfied: hài lòng
surprise ⇒ surprised: ngạc nhiên
bore ⇒ bored: chán
disappoint ⇒ disappointing: thất
vọng
satisfy ⇒ satisfying: hài lòng
surprise ⇒ surprising: ngạc
nhiên
bore ⇒ boring: chán
[1] : Give the correct form of the words in brackets:
1/ This country has a ________________________ climate. (continent)
2/ The ________________ University of Ho Chi Minh City has a very large
language centre. (Nation)
3/ I think the prices here are ______________ (reason)
4/ I don’t think the food is very good, but it is _______________ (tolerate)
5/ This company offered a lot of ________________ jobs. (attract)

6/ I think it’s very _______________ of him to expect us to work overtime every
night this week. (reason)
7/ Most of the food in supermarkets is very _______________ (attract)
8/ The Island has very few ___________________ resources. (nature)
9/ Burning garbage will give off __________________ odour. (pleasant)
10/ Oxygen is an ___________________ gas. (odour)
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11/ These chemicals are _____________ They can cause death or illness if taken
into the body. (poison)
12/ If you are ______________ when you write your composition, you will
probably get a good grade. (care)
13/ Baseball is the _________________ sport in the United States. (nation)
14/ He wants to be a ______________ engineer. (chemistry)
15/ There have been many _______________ develpments in this century.
(wonder)
16/ English has become an ________________ means of communication.(effect)
17/ Your new dress makes you more _____________ (beauty)
18/ Firemen wear ____________ clothing, otherwise they would get burnt.
(protect)
19/ How many ____________ holidays do you have? (nation)
20/ Japan is an ____________ country (industry)
21/ I was _______________ about the dates. (confuse)
22/ “Time” is an American _____________ news magazine. (week)
23/ Don’t be afraid of the dog. He’s _____________ (harm)
24/ Thank you for the books. They will be very ____________ for my studies.
(use)
25/ The children can play here. It’s not ______________ (danger)
26/ Carbon dioxide occurs in the air in a ____________ form. (nature)
27/ She was so surprised that she was unable to speak. She was _____________
with surprise. (speech)

28/ Those berries are _____________ Don’t eat them. (poison)
29/ You are grown up but you are still ______________ (child)
30/ No trees can grow on that soil. It is _______________ (tree)
31/ A ____________ statue stands in the middle of the pagoda. (life)
32/ The weather was excellent and we had an extremely _________ holiday.
(enjoy)
33/ Many people still refuse to believe that smoking is ______________ (harm)
34/ As it was very ___________ all the trains were late. (fog)
35/ He likes reading _________________ novels. (history)
36/ It was a _____________ conclusion from the child’s point of view. (logic)
37/ Mr. and Mrs.Jones have been married for ten years. They have no children.
They’re a __________ couple. (child)
38/ Clean air provides us a ____________ supply of oxegen. (health)
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39/ He is always eady to give assistance to his friends. He is _______ to them.
(help)
40/ Everyone was very ____________ towards me. (friend)
41/ They were ___________ in winning the contract. (success)
42/ For the more _______________ tourists, there are trips into the mountains
with a local guide. (adventure)
[B] : CACH THAỉNH LAP DANH Tệỉ.

Formula Nouns
Verb+ER/ OR / ANT
Teacher, manager, driver, actor, director, attendant, assistant
Verb + ION / TION
Action, invention, construction, direction, revolution, decision
Verb + MENT / AL
Development, appointment, refusal, removal, approval.
Verb + ING

Swimming, teaching, jogging, training, building
Adj + NESS
Kindness, goodness, happiness, sadness, darkness, ilness.
Adj + TY
Safety, loyalty, cruelty, variety, ability, honesty.
Adj + TH
Length, depth, width, truth, warmth, strength
Adj + DOM
Freedom, wisdom, boredom
Noun + IST / IAN
Guitarist, novelist, violinist, musician, physician, historian
Noun + ISM
Patriotism, capitalism, socialism, heroism
Noun + SHIP
Friendship, leadership, scholarship, comradeship
Noun + HOOD
Childhood, brotherhood, neighbourhood, parenthood
[C]: CACH THAỉNH LAP ẹONG Tệỉ.
Formula Verbs
DIS + verb
Dislike, disagree,discharge, disinvest, dislocate
Mis + verb
Misunderstand, misread, mislead
Out + verb
Outrun, outnumber, outweigh, outlive
Over + verb
Overact, overpay, overheat, overturn, overchange
Re + verb
Rewrite, reread, retell, recall
Under + verb

Undercharge, underdevelop, underdo, underline, undersign
Adj + EN
EN + Adj / Noun
Weaken, sharpen, tighten, loosen, shorten, foften
enrich, enable, enlarge, encourage, endanger
Noun / Adj + ISE / IZE
Sympathise, economise, socialize, memorize, industrialize
[2]:Fill in the blanks with correct form of the word provided.
1. Film makers always try to show viewers the different life styles and interesting
________ aspects of many countries in the world. (culture)
2. Women nowadays have more ________ to participate in social activities. (free)
3. Hoang Le Nhat Thong Chi is a ________ novel. (history).
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4. He has a ________ for English novels. (prefer)
5. SAI GON GIAI PHONG is published seven days a week. It is a _____
newspaper. (day)
6. If you burn the garbage, it will give off ________ odour. (poison)
7. Some children have to suffer from life time ________ (abnormal)
8. He is ________ active in spite of his old age. (wonder)
9. The company is very efficient and gives a ________ service. (speed)
10. When did ________ come to the village ? (electric)
11. She has a very busy ________ life. (society)
12. The plane arrived ________ after a violent storm. (safe)
13. Their study is getting on ________ (satisfy)
14. This company offered a lot of ________ jobs. (attract)
15. These snakes will not cause you any serious harm even if they bite you. They
are ________ (harm)
16. He was ________ right when he said that the man was guilty. (reason)
17. She looks ________ beautiful. (surpise)
18. They were ________ when they read the result. (disappoint)

19. He has no ________ of leaving the city. (intend)
20. I feel ________ in this book. (interest)
21. John’s ________ improved at his new school. (behave)
21. I’ll give you further ________ (explain)
22. This is a ________ of a previous talk. (repeat)
23. Much ________ work requires a good knowledge of mathematics. (science)
24. Movies have ________ dress fashions. (broad)
25. Our grandmother didn’t work outside the home when she was young. She only
did her _____ task. (tradition)
26. His ________ to retire surprised us all. (decide)
27. You should be ________ to tell them exactly what you think. (decide)
28. Many people find it ________ to advertise. (waste)
29. The guests were ________ welcomed. (cordial)
30. He looks thin, but ________ he is very healthy, (actual)
31. This man led a ________ happy life. (complete)
32. He did some old jobs at home ________ (disappoint)
33. The new job ________ him. (disappoint)
34. Nitric oxide is ________ harmful. It acts as a poison, which may cause death
or injury if taken into the body. (high)
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