QUAN HỆ GIỮA CHÚA NGUYỄN VỚI BỒ ĐÀO NHA Ở ĐÀNG TRONG

QunN Hf Giurn CHun N G U V I N V 6 I a6 Di^o NHR
6 Di^NG TRONG (TUT TH€'KV XVI DI'N THC'KV XVll)

TRAN NAM TI^N'

T

d thtf ky XVI, sau nhflng cufic phat
kitfn mdi vtf dja ly "bfio higu buoi
binh minh ciia thdi dgi td ban chu nghia"
(1), nhifi'u nudc td ban phddng Tfiy bfit ddu
qufi trinh xam nhfip vfio phddng Ddng d l
tim kitfm thi trddng budn bfin, dua dtfn vigc
thitft Ifip mang Iddi giao thfing mfiu dieh
hfing hai xuyen dai dUdng noi lien chfiu Au
vdi phddng Ddng. Trfin cd sd dd, mgng Iddi
giao thdng mfiu dich hfing hai xuyen dgi
dddng dddc hinh thfinh da thuc ddy mgnh
me cac hogt ddng thUdng mai cua thUdng
nhan nhitfu qufic gia chfiu Au cd ntfn kinh
ttf cdng thUdng nghigp phat triln Idc btfy
gid nhd Bo Dfio Nha, Hfi Lan, Anh, Phfip...
tim dtfn nhieu quoc gia d phddng Dong d l
thfim dd va khai thac tfii nguyfin, khoang
san. Su tham gia dong thdi cua nhitfu nUdc
phddng Tay vfio thj trddng phddng Dfing
ndi chung vfi khu vdc Ddng Nam A ndi
rieng dfi Ifim cho hogt dgng thddng mgi cua
cfic nudc trong khu vdc thay ddi dang ke.
Trong dd, Vigt Nam vdi mdt vj tri chitfn
ld0c quan trong, cd bd biln dfii khoang

3.260km, ndm xen gifla hai nddc Idn eua
chau A lfi Trung Qutfc vfi An Dfi, lfi vj tri 1^
tudng cho cac nhfi hfing hai, thddng nhfin,
vdi cac hai cang vfi dao quan trong. NhU

vfiy, Vigt Nam tr6 thfinh myc tifiu mfi
nhilu nudc tu ban phUdng Tfiy nhu Bl Dfio
Nha, Hfi Lan, Anh, Phfip... mutfn tim each
dfit chfin tdi. Cudi thtf ky XVI, ddu the ky
XVII khi chua Trjnh d Dfing Ngofii vfi chua
Nguyin d Dfing Trong cho phfip ngudi
phuong Tfiy dtfn dtfn giao dieh thi nen
ngogi thUdng Vifit Nam bdt ddu phat triln.
Cac thddng nhfin Bfio Dfio Nha, Hfi Lan,
Anh, Phap... ldn Iddt dtfn budn hfin, qua dd
gdp phdn hinh thfinh hEU trung tfim thUdng
mai nd'i titfng thdi bfi'y gid lfi phtf Hitfn d
ngofii Bfic vfi Hgi An d trong Nam.
Khac vdi chfnh quyen Lfi - Trinh d Dfing
Ngofii, lufin ed thfii do nghi ky dtfi vdi
thUdng nhfin ehau Au vfi gidi ngogi kieu,
ehfnh quytfn Dfing Trong nhin chung da
thue hifin mgt chfnh sfich cdi md, trong thj
vdi cac thddng nhan ngogi qutfc, dfic bigt lfi
cac nUdc phddng Tfiy trong vigc trao doi
hfing hda vfi xfiy ddng titfm lyc kinh ttf,
quan ay cho chfnh t h i . Borri da tdng vitft:
"Chda Bdng Trong khdng ddng ciia trUdc
mpt qudc gia ndo, ngdi de eho txi do vd md
evta cho tdt cd ngUdi ngogi quoc" (2). Do cd

liji thtf vtf vj trf dja 1^ vfi thi^c ad theo dutfi
mgt chu trddng kinh ttf khai md, lai phat
triln trong bdi canh ntfn chfnh trj khu vdc

•TS. Khoa Ljch sii - DHKHXH&NV - DHQG Tp. Hd Chf Minh


Rghian edu L|ch aiy. atf 7.8012
cd nhflng thufin l<^i nhfi't djnh, Dfing Trong
da mau chfing phfit triln, trong dd Hfii An
da trd thfinh mfit trung tfim thUdng mgi ldn
d khu vdc Dfing Nam A. Do nhdng ehfnh
sfich cdi md, Dfing Trong dfi cd quan hg vdi
dong thdi nhitfu quCSc gia trong dd ed nhflng
cUdng qutfc ldn nhfl't vtf thUdng mgi
biln. Trong Uch sd Vigt Nam, chUa bao gid
n i n kinh ttf hai thUdng lgi cd quan hfi rfing
md, da dgng vfi phat triln hUng thjnh nhd
giai dogn thtf ky XVI-XVII. Hdu htft cfic
cddng qutfc kinh ttf Idc bfl'y gid, ca d chflu A
vfi chfiu Au, d$u dtfn vfi thitft Ifip quan hfi
trao doi, hufin bfin vdi Dfing Trong (3).
Bfii vitft nfiy tflp trung phye ddng lgi
nhflng mfii bang giao gifla chfnh quyln
chua Nguyin vdi ngddi Bd Dfio Nha td thtf
ky XVI dtfn thtf ky XVIII, tren efie linh vyc
thddng mai vfi chfnh trj-qufin sy.
1. Nhihig c u o c titfp x u c d a u ti§n
Bo Dfio Nha lfi mfit trong nhdng nddc
phddng Tfiy cd mfit d phddng Dfing td rtft

sdm. Nhdng thdc ra td thtf ky XVI, cugc
gfip gd dd mdi thue hifin dUde mot cfich dtfu
deu vfi lifin tuc. Chuytfn mgo hilm theo
dudng thuy qua vdng Dfing A cua Vasco de
Gama vdng qua Hao vong giac tdi An Dg
nfim 1498 md ddu eho cugc chinh phye dfl't
dai, dfit try sd thUdng mgi cua ngudi B l
Dfio Nha, Tay Ban Nha vfi Hfi Lan sau nfiy
trong ca vdng Dong A. D l chitfm dogt
ngudn ldi hUdng lifiu td trddc vSn phai mua
qua tay nhdng lfii bufin A Rgp, qufin dgi B l
Dfio Nha dudi quytfn chi huy cua Alphonse
Albuquerque da chitfm Goa (17-2-1510) vfi
Malacca (27-5-1511) d$t nhflng try sd
thddng mgi ddu tien d An Dg vfi vdng Ddng
An (4). Ba nfim sau, mfit dofin tfiu ciia
ngddi Bo Dfio Nha da tdi Trung Hoa, nfim
1521, dtfn Phi Lugt Tfin (5). Nfim 1536,
ngddi Bo Dfio Nha dtfn Ma Cao thfinh lgp
cfin cd budn ban ldn tren dfi't Trung Qu5c.

Td dfly hg Ifim bfin dgp d l titfn xutfng cfic
nddc d khu vi^c Ddng Nam A, trong dd cd
Vifit Nam. Cd t h i ndi, cac thddng nhfin,
gido el ngddi B l Dfio Nha dfi dtfn Dgi Vifit
vdi td cfich nhflng ngddi phddng Tfiy ddu
tifin.
Theo Manguin, sy cd m$t ciia ngudi Bo
Dfio Nha trfin cang Champa ciia Vigt Nam
ldn ddu tifin lfi vfio nfim 1516 vfi cugc titfp

xdc ehfnh thdc ddu tifin vdi bd biln
Champa difin ra vfio nfim 1523 (6). Ngddi
phddng Tfiy ddu tifin dtfn vdng dtft Thufin
Quang nudc ta cd Ig lfi Duarte Coelho vfio
nfim 1523 vdi sd mfinh thitft Ifip quan hfi
ngogi giao gifla Bo Dfio Nha vfi Dai Vifit.
Khi Duarte Coelho dtfn mitfn Trung Vigt
Nam thl gfip luc trong nudc rfii logn, khfing
hy vong cd t h l ggp nhfi vua d l giao hao,
Duarte Coelho dfinh rut lui (7). Trddc khi
rdi Vifit Nam, "dng da tgc trfin ndi da Cd
Lao Chfim mfit hinh thfinh gia ldn, cd ghi
nifin higu vfi chfnh danh cua mlnh" (8). C6
t h l coi ttfm bia da dyng d Cd Lao Chfim lfi
ehdng tfch vtf si^ cd mgt khfi sdm cua ngddi
Bl Dfio Nha, chdng tfch v l sd cd mfit mfi
dddng thdi tgm coi lfi mang tfnh dai dign
cho "mfit niia hfinh tinh" theo quan nifim
cung rfi't rieng cua Giao hofing Alexandre
VI (9).
Nfim
1535, Thuytfn
trddng tfiu
Albuquerque lfi Autonio de Faria cd cd hfii
dtfn vdng vinh Dfi Ndng - Hgi An. Ong thtfy
"mfit th&nh phtf cd tudng bao quanh gdn
10.000 ndc nhfi". Dfi lfi ndi neo dfiu 40 chitfc
thuytfn budn ldn (Jonques) dtfn hai hay ba
cdu tfiu vfi xung quanh cd khoang 2.000
thuytfn b u l m vdi nhitfu kfeh thddc khac

nhau (10). Td dd, dng da quytft djnh xem
Hfii An nhd mfit trung ttfm mfiu dich vfi
hang hai khac eua B l Dfio Nha. Ktf hogch
ciia dng ta lfi bitfn Hfii An thfinh mdt thfinh
trt kifin ctf nhd Goa (1510), Malacca (1511),


Quan h$ gifira chda H g u y ^ TOI Btf BAo Rha...
nhdng da khdng thyc hign dd(?c" (11). Vtf sy
titfp xuc Vigt - Bo, Manguin cd mfit nhin
nhfln kha thfin trong. Khfing mgt tfii lifiu
nfio xac nhfin mgt cfich ehfic chfin v l mtfi
bang giao thddng mgi thgt sy cd trddc 1550
gida ngddi B l Dfio Nha d Malacca vfi
Cochinchine. Hinh nhd hp da tfip trung
mgu djch vdi ngddi Bo Dfio Nha trfin bd
biln Dong mfi khfing edn d l -f tdi Malacca.
Faifo td thtf ky XVI dfi bitft nd nfi'i titfng vtf
thddng mai, cd t h l ndi ngddi Bl Dfio Nha
dtfn dd di budn ban, theo tdi nghT td nhdng
nfim 1525 - 1530" (12).
Td nhibag nfim 1540 thl cfic tfiu budn Bo
Dfio Nha cfip btfn thudng xuyfin thUdng
cang nfiy (13). Dtfn nfim 1584 da cd mgt stf
ngudi Bo Dfio Nha stfng tgi Dfing Trong.
Luc nfiy, vigc budn bfin gifla ngddi Bo Dfio
Nha vfi Dfing Trong xem ra rfi't phy thuge
vfio quan hg bufin ban gifla Macao vfi Nhfit
Ban ddu thtf ky XVII (14). Theo Antordo
Bocarro, Trudng dgi difin viing Dfing An

cua Bo Dfio Nha, thi d Hfii An "td vfing rfi't
ttft vfi re, mgt stf trdm hddng, k^ nam, mfic
dd rfi't hitfm vfi mgt stf benzoin... tfi't ca dfiV
lfi san phdm cua dja phddng vfi mgt Idpng
ldn ding ngddi Nhflt dem tdi dfiy" (15). Cho
dtfn thtf ky XVII, cdng vdi ngddi Nhflt vfi
ngudi Trung Qufic, B l Dfio Nha vdn lfi
nhdng dai bilu chfnh d khu vyc Dfing
Ngofii.
2. Q u a n htf t h d d n g m a i
Nfim 1613, thddng nhfin ngddi Bo Dfio
Nha Ferdinand Costa dtfn ytft kien chda
Sai (Nguyen Phdc Nguyen) d Dinh Cat.
Qua Costa, ehua Sai nhd vfin dgng ngddi
Bo Dfio Nha dtfn budn ban tgi Phu Chda
(16). "Cho dtfn nay ngddi B l ehi bufin ban
vdi xfl nfiy vfi cae cha. Ddng chung tfii ciing
chi hogt ddng 5 xd nfiy d l thitft lgp dao
Kitd" (17). Theo quan dilm sau nfiy cua Li
Tana, ddu thtf ky XVII, Dfing Trong cung

budn ban chu ytfu vdi ngddi Bo Dfio Nha d
Macao td thfip nien 1550, ciing nhd cfic tU
lifiu cho thfi'y ngUdi Bo Dfio Nha lfi ngudi
phddng Tfiy thitft lgp quan hg budn ban
sdm nhfl't vdi Dfing Trong (18).
Cac thddng nhan Bl Dfio Nha dtfn Dfing
Trong budn ban khfing dai dign cho mfit
cfing ty hay mot hgi bufin cd tfnh chfi't qufic
gia nhu cac thUdng nhan phUdng Tfiy khfic.

Myc dfeh eua ngUdi Bo Dfio Nha dtfn Vigt
Nam ddn thudn chi lfi mong mutfn thitft Ifip
quan hg bufin ban, tim kitfm thi trudng vfi
lpi nhufin chd khdng cd ^ djnh thfim dd,
dilu tra tinh hinh chudn bi cho ktf hogch
xfim Iddc. Nhd cac gifio si Ifim mSi lfii, ho
dgu thuytfn d Hoi An mua cac thd hfing
nhu to lya, dddng, ky nam, trdm hddng. Ho
khdng xin phdp dfit thUdng ditfm b Hgi An
vfi chi dong thuyfi'n qua lgi mua bfin vfio
thang chgp, thang gifing hfing nfim (19).
Sau khi ban hfing hoac giao hfing cho ngUdi
Hoa hay ngudi Nhfit ddng Ifim trung gian
hay thdng ngfin, vao quang thfing tu thfing
nfim hay thang tfim, thang ehfn, theo gid
mda ho lai trd vtf Macao (20).
Td nfim 1640 trd di, quan hfi bufin ban
gida Bo Dfio Nha vdi Nhfit Ban ngfiy cfing
giam, trong khi dd quan hg bufin ban vdi
Dfing Trong lai dupe tfing cddng. Cac
thddng nhan Bo Dao Nha ehi dtfn bfin difim
sinh, canh kitfn, chi, do sfinh sd, hdp kim
kem-dong, chi... Trong stf cac hfing hda
ddpc lai cao nhfl't lfi cac hdp kim. Cfic
thddng nhan Bo Dfio Nha mua td, go quy,
qutf, dddng... chd ve Macao hay Malacca.
Doi lai, cac thddng nhan Bo Dfio Nha mang
sdng tfng, difim tifiu, kem, ding... ed thd ky
thufit di Cling d l ban lgi cho Dfing Trong,
dgc bigt, mfit hfing sdng dan rtft dUpc chda

Nguyen da chudng. Thdi kJ nfiy dang xay
ra eupc chitfn tranh gida Dfing Trong vfi
Dfing Ngofii nfin ehua Nguyin rfl't cdn mua


Rghian cdu IJeh s(r. atf 7.2012
sung dan td xddng ddc sung cua Bl Dfio
Nha d Macao. Trong stf cfic thddng cdng eua
Dfing Trong thi Hfii An ddpc coi lfi mgt
trong nhflng thddng cang cd ngddi Bl Dfio

chju mgt khodn thutf thddng chfnh thufic
cao trong atf cfic thUdng thuyln dtfn Hfii An.
Cy t h l , thutf nhgp cang: 4.000 quan, thutf
xufi't cdng: 400 quan (22) (xem bdng 1).

Bdng 1: Quy dinh thutf xufi't n h ^ p cdng cua chua N g u y i n d H^i An
T4u
ThUiJnK Hai
Quang Dong
Phiic Kifn
Hai Nam
T4u phuong TSy
T4u Macao (B6)
Tiu Nh?t Ban
Xifim La
Lfl Tftig (Philippines)
Ci;u cang (Singapore)
Hi Tien
Sdn Do

Thu? dtfn
3.000 quan
3.000 quan
2.000 quan
500 quan
8.000 quan
4.000 quan
4.000 quan
2.000 quan
2.000 quan
500 quan
300 quan
300 quan

Ngudn: D6 Bang, Phg cdng vUng Thudn Qudng (H^i An -Thanh Hd- Nude Mdn) Ihfky WII-X/lll.
1996, ir. 82-83.

Nha d ddng nhfl't, cung lfi cang thj bufin
bfin sdm ufi't nhfi't. Luc bfi'y gid, Hgi An lfi
trung tam tfip trung vfi phan phtfi hfing
hoa, lfi ndi xufi't khdu mpt so san phdm dja
phUdng nhd k^ nam vfi vfing, trong dd k^
nam lfi mdt thd ddu quJ dddc cac thygflg
nhfin Bo Dfio Nha da chupng. "K^ nam
hUdng mfiu den, cd ddu vfi gia
50 cruzados mot catty..., trong khi tai chfnh
ndi san xutft, nd tri gia ngang vdi bge, bao
nhifiu k:^ nam hddng lfi bfi'y nhifiu bgc" (21).
Sau khi Nhfit Ban thyc hign chfnh sach

toa quoc nfim 1639, Bl Dfio Nha da quytft
djnh lUa chpn Dfing Trong nhd mgt thj
trddng cd the thay thtf Nhfit Ban. Td dd,
quan hfi bufin ban gida cfic thudng nhfin Bo
Dfio Nha vfi Dfing Trong phat triln mgnh.
Theo Manguin vfio nhflng nfim 1650-1651,
moi nfim cd khoang 4-5 tfiu B l Dfio Nha td
Macao dtfn Dfing Trong. Cac thuyfi'n nfiy ed
t h l ehd tdi 300 ttfn hfing, tri gifi 100.000
lang bge. Cae thddng nhfin Bo Dfio Nha

Thutf di
300 quan
300 quan
200 quan
50 quan
800 quan
400 quan
400 quan
200 quan
200 quan
50 quan
30 quan
30 quan
Nxb "niuln HtS^ Hoe.

Cd t h l ndi, thUdng nhfin Bl Dfio Nha rtft
dupc chua Nguyin du dai. Nhin vfio hang
quy djnh thutf xufi't nhfip cang d Hpi An thl
thfi'y mde thutf cua chda dfinh eho ngddi Bl

Dfio Nha tuy cao nhung so vdi cfic nUdc
phUdng Tfiy khfie chi bdng mdt niia. Ben
cgnh dd, chda Nguyen da tgo mpi dilu kign
thugn lpi cho cac thUdng nhfin Bo Dfio Nha
dtfn giao Idu bufin bfin, trong dd cd ca vific
cho phfip cfic thddng nhfin Bo Dfio Nha xfiy
dyng nhflng cd sd kinh doanh d Hgi An, cho
phfip lgp phtf, xfiy kho nhu cac thUdng
nhfin Nhgt Ban vfi Trung Qu6c. Trong dilu
kifin chda t h l titfp cgn vfi tfin dyng dupc
mfii quan hg vdi cac cddng qudc thddng mgi
phddng Tfiy khac, chda Nguyin duy tri diu
dfin quan hg vdi ngUdi B l Dfio Nha.
Chda NguySn cdn quytft djnh ctfp dtft
cho ngddi B l Dfio Nha lgp mgt thfinh phtf
gdn cang Dfi Ndng d l budn ban vfi cgnh
tranh vdi ngddi Hfi Lan, nhd d6i vdi ngddi
Nhgt vfi ngddi Hoa d cang thi Hpi An. Do


Quan ha gida chua Rguyen vdi Btf Eao Rha...
dd, vfio ddu thtf ky XVII, ngddi Bl Dfio
Nha da xfiy ddng mpt khu phtf trfin Dfl't
Hfin vdi nhifi'u nhfi d, kho hfing, hifiu bufin.
C. Borri cho bitft: "Vua xd Dfing Trong rfi't
Ua ngddi B l Dfio Nha dfi'n bufin bfin trong
VUdng qudc cua fing. Cd ldn dng ban cho hp
3 hay 4 dfim dfl't trong xd-ndi cd Uu thtf
nhfl't, cd t h l lfi vdng cang Turon d l hp xfiy
dung d dd mfit thfinh phtf vdi tfi't ca tign

nghi cua hp, giong nhU phddng thdc Trung
Hoa vfi Nhflt Ban da Ifim" (23). Dd cdng lfi
mpt If do khitfn ngddi Bl Dfio Nha khfing
lflp thddng ditfm d cang thj Hgi An mfi chi
cd mai bifin d l dfit cpc tiln trddc thu mua
hfing hda. Vigc bufin bfin d Dfi Nfing vfi Hgi
An diln ra tfi'p nfip. Stf thddng nhfin Bo
Dfio Nha d Dfi Ndng rfi't ddng. Sd tgm trd
ciia ngddi Bl Dfio Nha d dfiy "thddng
xuyfin" dtfn mde chda Nguyen phai dfit
chdc quan Tuyfin dy d l lo phdn hon cho cac
thuy thu va thUdng nhfin (24).
Thdc ttf cho thfi'y, d l thitft lflp quan hfi
bufin ban vdi cac nudc phddng Dong, Bo
Dfio Nha da xay ddng nfin hfi thtfng thddng
ditfm trfin tofin chau A nhdm tao ra mgt
mgng ludi thudng mgi hung manh vfio thtf
ky XVI. Tuy nhifin doi vdi Vifit Nam, Bo
Dfio Nha khdng thiet lflp hg thtfng thUdng
difi'm cho nfin mpi quan hfi giao Idu hufin
ban dtfu thdng qua mfii gidi trung gian di
gom hfing hda hofic giao djeh. Cac thddng
nhan Bo Dfio Nha chi sd dyng tdng ldp
"mai bifin" vfi cho dgi dign d lai thu mua
hfing trong nhdng thang "fip ddng" di
chudn hi cho mda mfiu dich nfim tdi. Ditfu
dang luu y lfi cac thddng nhfin Bo Dfio Nha
khdng d l lgi ngddi thddng trdc 6 Hfii An
nhdng lgi mutfn dgc quyen budn ban vdi
Dfing Trong. Thdc ttf cho thfl'y, do phddng

thdc budn ban ciia B l Dfio Nha chu ytfu
thdng qua mdi gidi trung gian hofic giao
djch nen B l Dfio Nha khfing cd cd ad vdng
chdc tai Dkng Trong.

Ddpc xem lfi nhdng ngddi phUdng Tfiy
ddu tifin dtfn Vigt Nam, "ngddi Bo Dfio Nha
da cfly cd mgt n i n hfing hai khde vfio bfic
nhfi't vfi hung hfing dfi'n chitfm dfi't dai dl
bufin bfin" (25), cgnh tranh khtfe ligt vdi cae
thUdng nhfin phUdng Tfly khae, hddng tdi
dgc chitfm thj trudng Dfing Trong. Theo cfic
lai bufin khfic, hp ty nguyfin chfi'p nhfln mpi
quy djnh cua chda Nguyin, "qufi phye tdng
cfic tyc lfi nUdc Nam" (26), cd luc hp tim
each thuytft phye cfic chda "ghdt bd",
"ruing rdy" cac thUdng nhfin Hfi Lan. D l
Ifim vigc dd, efie thUdhg nhfin Bd Dfio Nha
Um mpi cfich d l lfi'y Idng chda Nguyin, giii
tfing cfic do vfit, vfi thudng xuyfin canh
tranh vdi Hfi Lan, thfim chf hp cdn d l nghi
chua Nguyin khdng nfin bufin bfin vdi
ngddi Hfi Lan, bdi vi nfi'u nhfi ehua khfing
nghe, thi cd t h l nguy tdi vfin mfinh quoc
gia. Fernando da Costa lfi vj sd thdn cua
Bl Dfio Nha dUpc chda Nguyen ne trpng
nfin da true xufi't thUdng nhfin Hfi Lan theo
yeu edu eua Costa vi sU eanh tranh cua hai
dtfi thu thddng nhfin phddng Tay nfiy tai
Hfii An vfio ddu thtf ky XVII (27). Thdc ttf

cho thfl'y, trong thdi gian nfiy ngddi Bo Dfio
Nha bufin ban vdi Dfing Trong nhieu hdn
Dfing Ngofii (28). Nguyen nhan quan trpng
nhfi't 1^ giai dieu nfiy lfi sy cgnh tranh rfi't
ldn dtfn td phia ngudi Hfi Lan, Ide nfiy da
cd anh hddng ldn d Dfing Ngofii. Tuy nhifin,
dd mua dupc nhilu hfing hofi re ciia Dfing
Trong nhung cac thUdng nhan Bo Dfio Nha
dtfn Dfing Trong thdc chfl't khfing dgi dien
eho bfl't k^ cfing ty nfio vfi khfing xay ddng
thddng ditfm nhd cac nddc phddng Tfiy
khac nfin vj thtf cua Bl Dfio Nha d Dang
Trong vtf sau ddn ddn bi suy giam.
3. Quan hf chinh tri - quan s d
Vtf phfa chda Nguyfin, vigc hufin ban vdi
ngddi Bo Dfio Nha chi cd f nghia thdc sd
khi xay ra cugc chitfn tranh vdi ehua Trjnh


42
d Dfing Ngofii (1627-1672), bdi vi cfic logi
vu khf, trong dd dgi bfic Ifi mgt hfing quan
trpng nhfl't trong vigc trao dtfi gifla hai bfin.
Ljch sd da ghi lai, vfio khoang nfim 1614,
mfit thddng nhfin ngddi Bl Dfio Nha tfin lfi
Joao Da Crua (Jean de la Croix) dfi ddpc
chda Nguyin cho lgp Id due sdng d Thufln
Hda, sau nfiy ngUdi ta edn gpi ehd fl'y lfi
Phudng due (29). Theo Charles B. Maybon:
'Tai Dfing Trong, cfic vj chua cflng td ra rfi't

Ua chugng phao cua chfiu Au; ngddi ta thfi'y
ngddi lai Bo Dfio Nha Jean de la Croix lgp
mgt xddng ddc gdn Hutf ngay td trddc nfim
1615" (30). Cd t h l ndi, Joao Da Crus cd vai
trd quan trpng tgi triiu dinh Hutf nhflng
nfim ddu thtf ky XVII, vtf mfit phye vy cho
vj chua thdi fi'y lfi chua Hifi'n Vudng. Chfnh
td xddng ddc nfiy, nhieu logi dai bac dfi
dupe xufi't xudng phye vu eho cac cugc chitfn
tranh cua chua Nguyen vdi chua Trjnh.
Trong qua trtnh d Hutf, Joao Da Crus dUpc
ehua fin sung vi da trdc titfp gidp chda lgp
xddng due sung vfi giup dd ve mfit kJ
thufit. Xddng due nfiy due nhdng sung ldn
vfi sung nhd, k l cd tdi hfing ngfin khdu. Tfi't
ca dfi'u hdng dong, trong stf nfiy ngudi ta
thfi'y cd nhifi'u khdu cd kfeh thudc khac
nhau, mang huy higu cua Tay Ban Nha vfi
Bo Dfio Nha, nhung dfic bifit ed 4 khdu dgi
bfic nfing, dfii khoang 6m mang huy higu
Dfing Trong, trdng rfi't dgp. Nifin dgi cac
khdu dgi bfic nfiy ddpc due td nfira 1650
den 1660 (31).
D l hilu ro thfim sd kign nfiy, Li Tana da
dfin lufin: "Sau khi nghien cdu mpt each ky
Iddng, Manguin da ktft lufin lfi Joao Da
Crus da khfing tdi Dfing Trong trddc nfim
1658. Dilu nfiy xem ra chfnh xac. Vfio nfim
1651, tfie gia vitft, chua Nguyin giii 5.000
kati (3.000 ky) dong sang Macao vfi ngUdi

Bo Dfio Nha tgi day ddc dgi bac eho Chda.
Viec nfiy se gay rfic roi ntfu nhd Joao Da
Crus thdc sd cd mfit tgi Hutf Idc dd. Ddu

Rghian edu I4eh ai^. atf 7.2012
vgy, ngay td nfim 1631, theo Tiin biin, tgi
Thufin Hda da cd mgt xddng ddc dgi bae vdi
80 thp. Xddng nfiy ndm d tgi ndi cd ttfn lfi
Phddc Ddc d Hutf. Cfic nhfi nghifin cdu
ngudi Phfip eho rdng Phddng Due vfi Joao
Da Cms hdn phdi cd mgt mfii quan hg nfio
dd. Nhung ntfu Manguin cd 1^, vfi tdi tin lfi
nhd vfly, thi cai tfin Phddng Ddc phai xutft
hign sdm hdn, trddc nfim 1658; vfi cd t h l cfi
quan hg vdi xddng ddc do chda Nguyin eho
thitft lap vfio nfim 1631. Chfic Joao Da Cms
da stfng d Phudng Dde khi dng d Hutf. Thila
aai Louia Chevreuil chdng hgn, dfi tdi thfim
Joao Da C m s xem ra hfii ldng vdi cdng vigc
ciia fing. Mdi nfim dng kitfm ddpc 500 fiqui
(1.500 quan), khfing k l stf titfn ctfp cho gia
dinh ong" (32).
D I tddng thddng cdng lao khd nhpc,
chda Hiln Vddng ban dgc fin cho Jean de
la Croix ddpc phfip lfi'y vp Vifit Nam, trp ctfp
tien hfing nfim, vfi thitft lflp hfin thd Thifin
Chda trong td thfi't d l cdu nguyfin (33). Tfic
gia Pierre Yves Manguin dfi ndi rd: "Joao
Da Crus ddpc sd dyng du thuytfn cua Phii
Chda. Du thuytfn rfi't dpp, nhflng ngUdi hdu

cfin mfic fio rpng bdng lya, trUdc hp lfi mpt
dfii kfin, hai chitfc kigu eiia ddi vp ching
ngddi thp ddc ddpc bao phii bdng lyc hong
nhgt; c6 4 ngddi khifing kigu ciia fing vfi 2
ngddi khifing kigu cua bfi, theo sau cd mpt
stf ngddi hdu cfin vfi vo trang cfln vg rifing,
tfi't ca nhanh nhgn vfi fin mgc sang trong"
(34).
Mgt stf nhfi nghien ef3tu cho rdng, vi|c
cac chda Nguyin chu trpng xfiy ddng Idc
Idpng binh li^c mgnh lfi do sde fip chfnh tri
ciia Dfing Ngofii. Nhdng, mdi quan tflm dfi
eiia Dfing Trong cdn lfi nhdm d l tao nfin
sde mgnh thdc ttf trong cac moi bang giao
qufic ttf. Cdng vdi vific tgp trung phfit triln
hai qufin, chinh quytfn Dfing Trong rdt
mutfn cd ddpc nhilu dai bac phddng Tfiy d^


Quan hg giflra chua R g u y ^ vdit Btf Bao Rha..
trang bj eho cac t h u y l n chitfn vfi canh gifl
ciia biln. Theo C.R.Boxer thl cfic nhfi cdm
quyln hp Nguyin "rfi't lo ldng Ifim sao d l cd
dddc sdng t d xddng dde sdng n i l titfng cua
Bocarro d Macao. Xudng nfiy hogt dgng vfio
cfic nfim td 1627 dtfn 1680 vfi san xufi't ra
cac san phtfm ddpc danh gifi lfi logi sdng
dong ttft nhfi't d phddng Dfing" (35). Cung
nen ghi nhfin lfi xddng due d Macao da dUpc
thitft Ifip vfio chfnh nfim xdy ra cugc chitfn

tranh gifla chda Nguyin vfi chda Trjnh vfi
thdi gian hogt ddng eiia nd cung gdn trdng
vdi nfim thfing xay ra chitfn tranh gifla hai
hfin (1627-1672). Do dd, trong thdi dilm
nfiy, chua Nguyin vfi chua Trjnh rfi't cd t h l
da lfi hai khfich hfing ldn, ntfu khdng ndi lfi
ldn nhtft cua xUdng due nfiy (36). Dfic bigt
lfi chda Nguyin d Dfing Trong trong thdi kjf
chitfn tranh vdi chda Trinh dfi tieu thy mgt
stf Idpng ldn vfl khf td day.
Mdt dieu cdn ghi nhfin, trong quan hg
ddi ngogi thtf ky XVI-XVII vdi cac nUde
phddng Tfiy, chi'nh quyen Dfing Trong da
gianh nhitfu Uu ai cho Bo Dfio Nha, tao kha
nhitfu dieu kifin thufln ldi cho ngddi Bo Dfio
Nha budn ban d Dfing Trong. Cd the hilu
dvl<3c, trong dieu kign chda t h l titfp efin vfi
tfln dyng ddpc mdi quan hfi vdi cae cddng
quoc thddng mgi phUdng Tay khac, dfic bigt
lfi trong thdi diem chien tranh vdi chda
Trjnh dang cfing thdng, chda Nguyen duy
tri dtfu dfin quan hg vdi ngddi Bo Dfio Nha.
Chfnh Borri cung phai thda nhfin: "Chda
Dfing Trong vdn td ra thfch d l cho ngddi Bl
dtfn budn ban d nddc ngfii mpt cfich Ig liing"
(37). Dilu "la liing' d day, mfic dd C. Borri
khfing cho bitft ly do cling nhd khfing thfi'y
giai thfch trong ghi chfip ciia minh, nhdng
qua dd chdng ta cd t h l h i l u dupe U'nh rfi't
thdc dyng ciia chda Nguyin khi thtf luc eua

ngddi Hfi Lan, Anh vdn chda cd cho diing d
dfiy luc dd, qua dd cfing khdng dinh hdn

dtfn lpi fch, bao vg mfii lpi thddng mai cua
chda Nguyin, efing cho thfl'y tfnh chtft ehu
dgng eiia chda Nguyin doi vdi cac nUdc
phddng Tfiy.
Dong thdi, chua Nguyin cung da khfio
lfio ddng ngddi Bl Dfio Nha Ifim d6i trpng
vdi Hfi Lan vfi cfic thtf Idc chau An khac. Sd
Ida chpn dd t h l hign td duy chfnh trj cua
chda Nguyin trUde chfnh sfich "trung Ifip
hfia" ciia Hfi Lan nhdng dong thdi cung gat
bd Hfi Lan, mgt cUdng quoc thddng mai
thdi bfi'y gid ra khdi cdc hogt dpng giao
thddng, hang giao qu6c te cua minh. Mfit
phdn trong thdi gian ddu, Hfi Lan lifin
minh vdi chua Trjnh d l chtfng lai ehua
Nguyen khitfn chda Nguyen khfing hfii
long. Tuy nhifin, trong quan hg vdi cac
nddc, chfnh quytfn Dfing Trong ludn cfi
nhieu co gfing di xfiy ddng tinh hda hieu,
tranh can dd vfio nhdng vfi'n d l chfnh trj
phdc tap nhdng cdng cd nhiing bien phap
kifin quytft d l bao vg ehu quyfi'n dfin tpc
(38). Chfnh dieu nfiy dfin dtfn sd cgnh
tranh kha quyet liet gifla cfic thddng nhfin
Bo Dfio Nha vfi Hfi Lan d Dfing Trong,
trong dd Uu thtf cd phdn nghieng vtf cfic
thdPng nhfin Bo Dfio Nha.

Borri cd k l Igi sd tranh gifinh gifla hai
dtf qudc Hfi Lan vfi Bl Dfio Nha. Sai vUdng
cho ngUdi Hfi Lan tdi buon ban d Dfing
Trong. Ngddi Bo Dfio Nha da sai sd gia tdi
d l can. ngfin chda, bdi vi ntfu nhfi chda
khdng nghe, thl ed t h l nguy tdi vfin mfinh
qufic-gia. Ngddi Bo Dfio Nha khdng qufin
dda ra 1^ le doa ngt chda: "Ntfu ngfii khfing
cdn thfin thi e rdng, vdi thdi gian ngUdi Hfi
Lan vtfn rtft khfio lfio vfi rtft quy quygt, se
dam xfim chitfm mgt phdn xd Dfing Trong
nhd chdng da Ifim d mfi'y ndi trong nddc An
Dg" (39). TrUdc ap Ide cua ngddi Bo Dao
Nha, chda Nguyin khfio lfio nfi tranh khdng
phai Ifim theo. Khdng nhflng thtf, chda


Rghian cdu Ljch aJr. atf 7.2012
Nguyen "lgi cdn sai vitft thd cho Cdng ty An
Dp Hfi Lan d Malacca mdi sang bufin ban"
(40). Sy kifin nfiy Ifim cho Bl Dfio Nha
khdng hfii ldng nhdng edng khdng t h l Ifim
gi hdn \ i ban thfin nhdng thddng nhfln Bl
Dfio Nha da nhgn ddpc rfl't nhitfu Uu di eiia
chua Nguyin. Thflm chf, sy ehu dgng cua
chda Nguyin (Nguyen Phdc Nguyfin) cdn
ddy len khi cung gitfng nhd ngddi Hoa vfi
ngddi Nhfit, chda Nguyin cfi'p dfi't cho
ngUdi Bl Dfio Nha xfiy dyng thfinh phtf "vdi
tfi't ca nhflng gi cdn thitft" (41).

Vigc chda Nguyin xfic lgp vfi tgn dyng
quan hg vdi ngddi Bl td ddu khfing ndm
ngofii myc dfeh mua vd khf (nhd sung ding
cua Bocarro d Macao (42)). Bocarro chtfng
lgi hp Trinh, vfi nd ddpc ddy manh khi cufie
xung dgt quan sd diln ra. Nhu edu dd ldn
de'n ndi mfi nhd Boxer chi ra "Mgc dd, tU
thfim tam, thd ghfit vigc truyfi'n ba ddc tin
Kito gifio trong lanh thtf cua minh, ho
Nguyen cung ft nhifi'u nhfim mdt Ifim ngd
trUdc sd cd mfit eua cac thda sai Cdng giao
Roma vdi myc dfeh lfi cd dupe sung vfi dgi
phfio td Macao" (43). C. Maybon vitft:
"Chua thfi'y cd ldi trong vific duy tri quan hfi
ttft vdi nhflng ngddi ngogi qufic nfiy, hp cd
t h l giup fing chong chpi vdi ke dieh, nhflng
tfing phdm cua ho tfing hoc ldng kifiu k^ vfi
tfnh ham lpi cua ngfii" (44).
Hdn nfla, td myc tifiu nfing cao sde
manh quoc phdng, chda Nguyin ddn
chuyin dtfn thitft lgp quan hg rpng md hdn
vdi cac nudc Tfiy phddng khac. Phddng
cham da phddng hda quan hg ciia chda
Nguyin thdi k^ nfiy cho thfi'y "thuytfn nddc
ngofii dtfu dtfn budn ban, trao doi phai gia,
quan Ifinh nghiem cdn, mpi ngUdi ra sde...
trong coi dddc yen Ifim fin" (45). M$c dd
chda dgt ddpc thfinh cong trong quan hg
budn ban vdi von tiem nfing ldn, qua cac td
lifiu dtfu cho thfi'y, ngofii Bl Dfio Nha, chda

Nguyin hofin tofin khdng bj dgng trong cdc
quan hfi vdi Hfi Lan, Anh, Phfip. Cho dd
bitft cfic mtfi quan hfi budn ban vdi Dfing
Ngofii, nhflng mflu thudn gifla cac nudc nfiy
vdi nhau trfin thdc ttf khdng anh hddng dtfn
quytft djnh ciia chda, mtfu djch thUdng mgi
titfp tyc tfing lfin, dem tgi lpi nhugn cho
Dfing Trong, d khfa cgnh khde, khi lpi fch
thddng mgi bj de dpa, chda Nguyin cung
sdn sfing tim dtfn mfit dfil tflc thddng mgi
khac. Trddng hpp Hfi Lan lfi diln hinh. Sau
khi khdng titfp tyc quan hg vdi chda Trjnh
d Dfing Ngofii, bddc sang thtf ky XVIII,
ngddi Hfi Lan thdc dtfy quan hg vdi chiia
Nguyin d Dfing Trong. Tuy nhifin, vigc
budn bdn, Ifim fln khdng phat triln do chda
Nguyin khdng mfin mfi ldm. Bfin canh dfi
Igi gfip sU cgnh tranh gay gfit eua cac
thddng nhfln Bl Dfio Nha vtfn da cd du thtf
tgi dfiy. Trddc tinh hinh nfiy, cae thddng
nhfin Hfi Lan da yfiu cdu cac chda Nguyin
tryc xufi't cfic thUdng nhfin Bo Dfio Nha vfi
tgo ditfu kign thufin lpi cho hp bufin ban d
Dfing Trong. Tuy nhifin, chda Nguydn
khfing dong f, qua dd ngddi Ha Lan huge
phai rdt khdi Dfing Trong (46).
Nhin ehung, chu trUdng nhfi't quan ciia
chda Nguyin trong cdc quan hg vdi ngddi
Au lfi nhdm myc dfeh chtfng lgi ho Trjnh,

thdng qua cdc hogt dfing trao dtfi, budn bfin.
Trong dd thdi k^ ddu, ngddi Bl Dfio Nha da
"gidp chda rfl't dfic li^c trong cufic dtfy hinh
chtfng chda Dfing Ngofii, dd lfi ngfii cd mgt
trfim thuytfn chitfn vfi hdn nfla, chda rdt
mgnh v l dudng bitfn... mgnh vtf dddng bfi H
c6 sdng tfng. Thtf lfi chda d l dfing thi hfinh
f do vfi flm mdu chtfng chda Dfing Ngofii U
chu minh" (47).
Sau mfit thdi k^ phat t r i l n sdi dfing
trong thtf ky XVII, bude vfio thtf ky XVIII,
cac quan hfi thddng mgi cua chda Nguyin
dtfi vdi phddng Tfiy giam di dang k l vfi ca


Quan ha gifim chdn Rguygn vhai phfa da danh mfi't di tfnh hpp phfip cd
the ed de dam bao cho vigc thitft lflp quan
hg budn ban thudng xuyfin. Mfic dd cho dfi'n
thdi dilm nfiy, Hdi An vfln gifl ddpc sy
phon thjnh cua nd, song quan hg giao
thddng vdi cac nddc gdn nhu thu hgp lai,
chi cdn lai cae thddng nhan Trung Qutfc
vdn thudng xuyfin lui tdi. Bfin egnh dd, cupc
npi chitfn Trjnh
Nguyin da ktft thuc,
nhan ttf chifi'n tranh khfing edn cd S' nghia
kfeh thfch sy phat triln eiia ntfn thddng
mgi Dfing Trong, do dd chfnh quytfn ehua
Nguyen td ra khfit khe hdn doi vdi thUdng

nhfin phUdng Tay. Bfin cgnh dd, efie cong ty
bufin bfin nddc ngofii thddng chd trpng
nhieu dtfn vific dflt quan hfi thfing thUdng
chfit ehe hdn, xoay sd d l cd nhiing cam ktft
thUdng mgi cu t h l hdn nhdm bao vfi quyln
lpi cho chinh hp. Dieu nfiy khien cho hai
bfin cfing ngfiy efing thitfu titfng ndi chung.
Quan he gida chua Nguyin vdi ngddi Bl
Dfio Nha ciing bj anh hddng bdi boi canh
ehung nfiy. Vfio ddu thtf ky XVIII, ehfnh
quytfn chda Nguyin d Dfing Trong vdn chii
trddng md rpng ngogi thudng, cho phfip
thuyen budn ngudi B l Dfio Nha vfio budn
ban nhdng trude sau vfin nfim ddc quyen vl
ngoai thddng nhdm uu tifin phuc vu cho
nhu cdu chitfn tranh vfi sd xa xi cua efie
tdng Idp vua chda, quy tpe. Tuy nhifin, thdi
ditfm nfiy, bpn quan lgi kiem soat ngoai
thddng lgi thudng de hitfp cac thddng nhfln
nddc ngofii, mua re, ban ddt vfi gfiy nhung
nhieu. Tinh trang dd gfiy ra nhitfu trd nggi
cho sy hoat ddng eua cac thuytfn hudn
ngddi Bo Dfio Nha. Dtfn gifla thtf ky XVIII,
thddng nhfln Bo Dfio Nha qua lgi bufin ban
vdi Dfing Ngofii vfi Dfing Trong thua thdt
ddn vfi khi cugc khdi nghia Tay Sdn no ra
(1771) thi chfl'm diit han.
4. Ktft l u ^ n
Nhiii chung, t d thtf XVII, vigc phat triln

kinh ttf trong dd dfic bifit lfi kinh ttf doi
ngoai vfi xfiy ddng titfm li^c qufin sd mgnh
lfi nhflng du tfifin hfing ddu cua ehfnh
quyln chda Nguyin. Td khi xfly ddng ddpc
mgt lanh tho rifing cho minh, ehfnh quyfi'n
Dfing Trong lufin ty tin vfi td ra rfl't cdi md
vdi cac dofin thddng thuyln ngogi qutfc ke
ca cac tfiu budn phddng Tay. Sd hdng thinh
cua cac ngfinh kinh ttf trong dd cd ngoai
thUdng da dem lgi dign mao mdi, Ifim thay
dtfi xa hgi Dfing Trong. Chfnh sde mgnh
cua kinh tfi' ngoai thddng da tgo nfin thtf
diing vdng chdc cho chi'nh quyfi'n Dfing
Trong, khfing dinh chu quyfi'n vfi vj thtf eiia
mlnh trong cac moi quan hg qutfc ttf thdi
bfl'y gid. Nhin chung, quan hfi thUdng mgi
gida Bl Dfio Nha vdi Dfing Trong thtf ky
XVI-XVII dUdc coi lfi thdi k^ dinh cao trong
quan hfi gifla ehua Nguyen vdi cac nUdc
phddng Tay. Cac hoat ddng thddng mgi cua
Bd Dfio Nha vdi chda Nguyen thdi k^ nfiy
dfi gdp phdn phfi vd n i n kinh ttf td cung td
cfi'p cua Dfing Trong, qua dd thdc ddy nen
kinh ttf hfing hda cua Dfing Trong phat
triln mgnh me cung nhd tgo dilu kifin d l
Dfing Trong bddc ddu tham gia vfio qua
trinh hdi nhfip thUdng mai qu6c ttf.
Vifie thdc ddy quan hg vdi ngUdi Bo Dfio
Nha thdi k^ XVII-XVIII da md ra mdt canh
cda mdi cho sd phfit trien eiia Dfing Trong,

gidp Dfing Trong bddc ddu titfp efin ddpc
vdi khoa hoe phddng Tfly, dfic bigt lfi efing
nghg chtf tao vu khf hign dgi luc bfl'y gid.
Vific phat trien quan hg thddng mgi vdi
ngddi Bo Dfio Nha ciing nhd mpt stf nddc
phddng Tfiy khac cung gidp nen kinh ttf
Dfing Trong cd bddc phat triln mdi, dd lfi
sd xufl't hign eiia nfi'n kinh ttf hfing hda vfi
sU phat triln manh me ciia cdng thddng
nghifip. Ben canh dd, chua Nguyin cdn tfln
dung sd gidp dd vtf mfit qufin sU kha higu
qua trong cudc chitfn tranh chtfng chda


Rghian cOru Ljeh aJr. atf 7.2012
Trjnh d Dfing Ngofii. Chfnh If do trfin, m^c
dd cd nhflng bfi't binh vdi hogt dgng truyin
giao cua cac giao si Bl Dfio Nha nhdng vi
lpi fch thddng mgi cung nhU nhu cdu hilu
bitft, phat triln kjf thufit, chda Nguyin vdn
tao nhflng difi'u kifin thufln lpi nhfi't djnh
cho cdc thUdng nhfin, tri thdc, gifio si td
nhifi'u nudc phUdng Tfly titfp tyc dtfn Dfing
Trong vfi trong khdng ft trudng hpp dfi
trpng dyng tfii nfing cua hp.
Thfing qua tim h i l u mtfi quan hg gifla
chda Nguyin vdi ngUdi Bl Dfio Nha, ehdng
ta cd t h l thfi'y ddpc nhflng chfnh saeh khfio
lfio cua chda Nguyin trong vigc dung hda
cfic thtf Idc phddng Tfiy d Dfing Trong Idc

bfi'y gid. Vdi cac tflp dofin thUdng mai vfi thtf
Idc phddng Tfiy, efie chda Nguyin cflng
luon gifinh dUpc quyen ehu dpng trong vific
xd ly cfic vfi'n dtf phdc tgp trong quan hg
quoc ttf. Hieu ro sde mgnh kinh te cua cfic
nudc phddng Tay, nhflng mdu toan cua hp
vdi Dfing Trong ciing nhU nhiing bfi't dong
CHU

gifla cac qufic gia, tgp dofin thudng mgi
chfiu Au, chda Nguyin dfi ctf gdng dilu
phfii cfic mfii quan hfi dd vda nhdm khai
thdc tiim nfing kinh ttf vda han chtf nhflng
tac dgng xtfu v l ehfnh trj, t r a n h bitfn Dfing
Trong thfinh ndi gifinh gigt lpi fch ciia cdc
cddng qudc phddng Tfiy. Mfic dd td ra cfi
nhflng du fli nhfl't djnh vdi B l Dfio Nha dl
tranh thii n g u i n Idc vu khf vfi hfing hod cfi
gia trj cao, chda Nguyin cflng tim nhilu
cfich khdng di B l Dfio Nha cd t h l gifl vai
trd dgc quytfn thddng mai vdi Dfing Trong.
Trong khi dd, tuy bitft Cdng ty Ddng tfn Hfi
Lan da cd quan hg tddng dfii mflt thitft vdi
Dfing Ngofii nhdng chda Nguyin vdn cho
tfiu Hfi Lan ddpc titfp tyc dtfn Hgi An bufin
ban. Chfnh sfich nfiy dfi ddn dtfn tinh trang
ddi trpng vfi kitfm chtf ldn nhau gida ngddi
B l Dfio Nha vfi ngddi Hfi Lan, qua dd giup
chda Nguyin cd t h l tfin dyng quan hfi ciia
ea hai bfin md rgng bufin ban, phat triln

da't nude.

THICH

(l). C. Mac: TQ bdn, quyln I, t^p 3, Nxb. Sy
that. Ha Ngi, 1960, tr. 212.
(2). Christoplioro Borri, XQ Bdng Trong ndm
1621, Nxb. Thinh phtf Ho Chf Minh, 1998, tr. 92.

(6). Wang Zai Jin: Hai Fang Cuan Yao, t^p 10.
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47

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R g h i a n c d u H e h ad*, atf 7 . 2 Q t t

48
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lgi"

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theo

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