PHONG TRÀO CÔNG NHÂN VÌ MỤC TIÊU DÂN SINH Ở CÁC ĐÔ THỊ MIỀN NAM VIỆT NAM

PHONG TRAO CONQ N H A N Vi MUC TIEU DAN SINH
or CAC 0 6 THI MIEN NAM VIET NAM GIAI OOAN1954-1959

LfeCUNG'

T

rong khfing chd'ng My, cflu nfldc
(1954-1975), cing vdi phong trfio
dlii tranh chung c i a nhdn ddn miln Nam,
phong trfio cfing nhdn d cde dd thj diln ra
h^t sic sdi n6i tfl nhflng ngfiy diu khi chl"
dd 'Viit Nam Cdng hda" vfla thfinh l|ip cho
dl'n ngfiy cao chung (30-4-1975), Do hgn
cb^ ve tfl lidu, nhilu cupc dd'u tranh cia
cdng nhdn miln Nam chfla dfldc phan anh
diy d i trong cfic cdng trinh nghien ciiu lich
si, hodc cfic cdng trinh lien quan. Vide
nghien cflu m$t each diy d i vd h$ thd'ng vl
phong trfio cdng nhfin miln Nam trong
khfing chiln chd'ng My, ciu nfldc !d hi't sflc
cin thilt, Bfii vil't nfiy gidi hgn trong vi^c
tim hieu: "Phong trdo c6ng nh&n vi muc
tieu d&n sinh d cdc dd thi miin Nam Viit
Nam giai dogn 1954-1959", gdp phin nh^n
thie ro hdn vl ljeh s i dan t ^ ndi chung vfi
phong trfio cfing nhfin miln Nam ndi ridng,
T i eudi ndm 1954, phong trdo cfing
nhdn d cde dd thj miln Nam da phfit khdi,
Tgi Sdi Gdn, ngfiy 7-12-1954, cu$e bdi cdng
cua cdng nhfin da diSn ra trong 24 xfldng

vd dl'n ngdy 17-12, cdng nhan trong hdng
logt edc xfldng khfic tuyen bS* tdng bdi cfing
trong cung m0t ngdy. Cupc tdng bai cfing ldi
cufi'n todn t h i cfing nhdn trong 51 xfldng

*PGS-TS. Dgi hpc Su phgm - Dgi hpc Hul

thu^c cfic hfing nhd binh Phdp d Sdi Gdn Chp Ldn, Gia Dinh, T b i Diu M^t vd Bidn
Hfia tham gia, Trong cfic cu^c bfii cfing,
cfing nhdn da ndu cao cfic khIu hi$u:
- Tdng luang 20%.
• Gidm gid sinh hogt.
• Thi hdnh Hiep dinh Genive" (1),
Cu$e diu tranh d\i(}c cde nghidp dofin
cfing nhfin vd edc ting Idp nhan dfin Sdi
Gdn • Chp Ldn tich cflc iong hfi. Sau gin
mdt thing diu tranh, cdng nhdn dfi bupc
e h i hang chip nhdn ydu sdch de ra.
Tgi Hul, ngay sau Hi^p djnh Gendve
(1954), phong trdo cdng nhdn diu tranh vi
myc tidu dfin sinh diln ra rd't sfii ndi, bao
gom hlu bd't cdc ngdnh, nhfl nhing c u ^
diu tranh cia cdng nhfin ldi xe tuyln
dfldng Ddng Ba - Bao Vinh, Nguydn xe dd
chay tuyln dfldng Dfing Ba • Bao Vinh, bl'n
xe d$u trfldc dinh lfing Bao Vinh, nhiing t i
cudi thfing 6-1954, Tilu dofin 606 cua dich
ddng d Dja Linh cbo rfio thdm vj tri dl gii!
elu Bao Vinh, bin xe bu^c phai ddi dlfn
khoanh dfi't ngodi song trudc mfit chp Bao

Vinh, M5i khi ed mfla to, blfn xe trd ndn Ily
131, trd nggi cbo vi^c ddu xe. Cdc ldi xe da
e h i d$ng tgm thdi thay ddi vj tri bl'n xe,
Vien Qu^in trfldng Hfldng Trfi tri^u t^p cfic


Rghlftn ciu iqch s i . atf 4.2012
ldi xe vl qu^n dfldng vd bu$c bp pbii s i a
chia lgi bin xe di trdnh kbd khdn, nhflng
cdc Hi xe cho vi$c s i a chfla bl'n xe Id trdch
nhi^m cia nhd chic trich ndn khfing thyc
bi^n, Cudi thfing 11-1954, til't trdi mfla to,
bl'n xe qufi hfl hdng, cdc ldi xe eho ddi bin xe
d^n din canh s i t Ba Dinh. Tuy nbidn, khi
tbd'y d dfiy khfieb bfing ft oi, gdy khd kbfin
cho ddi sd'ng cia hp, ngdy 16-12-1954, cdc Hi
xe kdo din qu^n dudng Hudng Trd diu
tranh ddi vidn qufin trudng phai giai quylt
bin d$u xe d ngay bdn try sd qudn dfldng.
Vidn qu$n trfldng phai nhflpng b$ bing each
giai quyl't bin d^u xe tgi ngfi ba Cia H$u
Ba Dinh, m§t vj tri thu^n Ipi bdn (2),
Ngfiy 25-3-1955, cdng nhfin ngfinli t b i y
di^n H u l td chic dinh cfing. Nguydn nhfin
cia cufie dinh cfing nfiy Id do chu hang
Thiy di$n Hul' sa thai cdng nhfin mpt edeh
tfly ti^n vfi vd cd, p h i nhfin ty do nghidp
dodn vd dfin dp nhdn vidn trong Ban Quan
tri nghidp dodn tgi Hue, tra Ifldng cho cdng
nhdn dfldi mflc tdi thilu, khdng tra tien phy

cd'p cho gia dinb. Vdo 14 gid 30, ngdy 25-31955, Nghidp dodn t h i y didn Hul^ da hpp
Hdi nghi b i t thfldng tai Try sd nghifip dofin
Trung Vi0t, 35 dfldng Hfing Bd (nay Id
dfldng Huynh Thie Khang) Hul. H§i nghj
kdu goi todn thi cfing nhdn thuy di^n H u l
^ n h cdng ngay Idp t i e vfi c i Ban dgi di§n
din tinh dfldng Thfla Thidn ndu ydu sdch.
Tinh trfldng T b i a Thidn bu^c phai td chic
ngay m^t eu$e hda giai gii3a dgi di^n cfing
nhdn vdi c h i hang Thiy di§n Hul". Din 18
gid 30, m^t sd' nguydn vpng cua cfing nhfin
dflpc giai quylt, nbflng hfim sau (26-3-1955),
cu$c doi thoai vin til'p tyc dcfn 21 gid. Kit
qua, chu hfing Thuy di§n H u l phai thoa
man nhiing nguydn vpng cia cong nhdn:

VI vy tranh chflip trfin dfiy, trong Cfing
vfin ed 334/LD/ANXH ngfiy 29-3-1955 gii
Thanh tra Lao d$ng vfi An ninh Xfi h^i Vi$t
Nam (Sfii Gdn), Thanh tra Lao d^ng vfi An
ninh Xfi h^i Trung Vi§t cho bilt: "Trong vu
ndy, cdc cdng nh&n dd t\t d^ng m^t cdch
qud ddng do Liin hi$p Nghidp (fodn Trung
Vi^t xii due, da bdt chdp cd phdp ludt md
tdng dinh cdng, bin chu nh&n dd phdn
khdng kich li^t" (4).
Cufii nfim 1955, cfing nhfin xe vdn tii
cfing c^ng tuyfo H u l - Nong - Truli - Ciu
Hai - Dfi NSng dinh cfing. Do vi$c chinh
quyin Ngfi Dinh Di§m tgi Thfla Thifin gfiy

khd khdn trong vi^c v^n chuyin khfieb vd
hfing hda, thyc eh£ft Id dl kilm sodt ehfit
chfi hdn, nhim d l phdng cde xe chd tfii li$u,
truyin ddn "bdt hpp phdp". Ngfiy 6-9-1965,
dich kilm aolt vd phgt tiin chile xe v4n tai
mang sd TVB,193. Dilu nfiy dd gdy bit
man trong anh em cfing nhdn Hi xe vfi din
din cu^c dinh cfing ngdy 9-11-1955.
Ngfiy dd, tofin b$ xe v ^ tai, gdm 16 chile
chay tuyln dfldng Hul' - Nong - Truli • Ciu
Hai - Dd Ning kdo dl'n Try sd Nghidp dofin
v ^ tai cdng c$ng dinh cfing phan ddi, Cu$c
dinb cdng c i a cfing nhdn Hi xe H u l da biiu
thi y t h i e dofin k i t cua hp trong cu$c diu
tranh chd'ng chfnh quy&i Ngfi Dinh Di$m.
Theo Cfing vfin m|it ad 9661 CSCA/TBIM
cia Gifim dfic Nha Canh alt vd C^ng an
Qufic gia tgi Trung Vi$t gii Dgi biiu Chfnh
p h i tgi Trung Vi^t vd Tdng Gifim d€c Canh
sdt Qufic gia Vi$t Nam tgi Sfii Gdn ngdy 1711-1956 tbl "vii dinh cdng ndy c6 tinh cdch
phd hogt mUu toan dung si!b mgnh cua
ffodn thi di phdn ddi chinh quyin" (5),

Ngfiy 10-11-1955, trong m^t phidn hpp tai
Hu^ Khu trudng hda xa Trung Vi^t d l nghj
"Thu nhdn 6 nh&n viin dd bi dudi; TV "hi^n nay do ngdn sdch thiiu hitt nin cdn
do nghiip dodn; Trd luang theo quy chi phdi sa thdi m^t phdn ba nhdn viin" (6) Khi
luang tdi thiiu do Chinh phu quy dinh; Trd bilt dflpc tin ndy, ngfiy 12-11-1955, lie 14 gid
30, tai Ga Hul' todn t h i dokn vidn Nghidp
phu cdp gia dinh cho nh&n viin" (3).

Phong Mio eOng nhfln vl mye Hau...
dodn cfing nhfin bda xa Vi§t Nam dia phfldng
Hulf da td chic h0i nghi bfiit thudng. H^i nghi
vgch rd tfnh chfiit dpc quyin cua m$t nhdm
ngfldi cd quyin hdnh dli vdi hoa xa, vl nhi2ng
quy cbl loi thdi dang chi ph£ ngfinh hda xa
Vi^t Nam; vl ddi sing khd kbfin cua cfing
nhdn hda xa. H^i ngh} ra kil'n ngh; gii chfnh
quyin Ngd Dinh Di$m, "cub /(* phdn ddt Zdi
ti^in bdndi trin cia dng IGtu trUdng hoa xa
Thing Vi^" vfi '^iu cdu Chinh phi tim mgi
biin phdp thich ing dicitu vdn tinh thi nguy
ngdp cia sd hoa xa digi^ cdng nh&n ching tdi
khdi phdi lo &u vi ddi sdng khdng dUac ddm
bdo" (7). Ban kil'n ngh) cd tdi 101 chfl 1^.
d Dfi Ning, ngdy 24-11-1965, cfing nhfin
Thiy di^n dinh cfing ddi tdng lUdng, Di$n
trong thdnh phfi'bi cip trong 2 ngdy, 11 gid
ngdy 26-11-1955, khi Ban Gidm die Thiy
di|n Dd Ning chiu giai quylt tfing Ifldng
10% cho cdng nhfin, cu^c thie. Mfic d i cdng nhfin b i t diu lfim vi^c
trd lai lie 11 gid ngfiy 26-11-1955, nhflng
chi nhdn phai tra Ifldng ca ngdy. Ngodi ra,
dfii vdi 2 ngdy dinb cong trfldc, e h i nhfin
hfla sd tra Ifldng 1 ngfiy (8).
Nfim 1956, phong trfio cdng nhfin tilp
tyc diln ra. Tgi Hul, cudc dtfu tranh cia

cdng nhan t h i y di^n diln ra quylt lidt hdn.
Nguydn nhan cia cu$c &&\x tranh lfi do
ngdy 1-3-1956, c h i hfing sa thai 22 cdng
nhfin. Lfip t i e cdng nhfin giii kiln nghi din
Nha Thanh tra Lao d^ng vfi An ninh Xa h§i
Trung Vi$t ddi chu hang phai:
"i. Th&u dung lgi 22 cdng nh&n ULSB bi
sa thdi vd cd ngdy 1-3-1956.
2. Hodn lgi sd tiin luang da khdu trie
sau ngdy T^, Idm 4 kjt.
3. Trd phu cdp gia dink theo hgng nhi
cho thu ifey vd tha chuyin mdn.
Kien nghi con ghi ro: "Yiu cdu thoa mdn
tu nay cho din hit ngdy 14-3-1956, niu
kkdng cdng nk&n se co bi^n phdp citng rdn
ddi phd" (9).

ai xoa diu cfing nhdn, chu hang da thu
n h ^ lgi 22 cdng nhfin. Vi$c khfi'u t r i Ifldng
(15 ngfiy) da cho mvtqn vfio d}p Tl't, ebi
hang cho khd'u lgi lfim hai ky vd h i a si xdt
cfic khoan khfic (10).
Nhing dip i n g nhd gipt trdn ddy khfing
lfim cdng nhfin thoa man, cu^c diu tranh
cfing nhfin t b i y di§n H u l vSn tilp tyc vd
dfi gdy m$t tfic d$ng ldn dfii vdi cdng nhdn
ngdnh thuy di$n d hlu h i t cfic tinh miln
Trung, cd kha ndng ldi kdo hp nhdp cu$c
tham gia diu tranh, tgo ra sflc dp budc chi
hang phai giai quylt ydu sdch cia cfing

nhdn, Chfnh Cfing didn (Mdt, Khin) sd
314-U)/ANXH ngdy 31-3-1956 eua Thanh
tra Lao d^ng Trung Viet gii Tong Thanh
tra Lao dfing Vidt Nam (Sfii Gdn) cung phai
t h i s nhdn tinh hinh nfiy: "Tr&n trgng tnnk
Quy Nha vu cdng ddngph&n tranh nhd din
Huihiin do Hdi ding trgng tdi xet xi. Bin
ngdy 4-4 se co bdn dn trgng tdi. Hiin Tda
Dgi biiu Chinh phi tgi Trung Viit cUng
tim cdch ddn xip. Co thicd sUdinh cdng tgi
Huivd cdng nh&n cdc nhd den Qudng Tri,
Hgi An. Bd Ndng, Nha Trang vd Phan
Rang se cung co thi dinh cdng hudng ing
theo. Tba Bgi biiu dd tim mgi bien phdp
thich ing dil&m thdi ddi pho vdi tinh thi
Nha tdi dd liin lgc Tda Bgi biiu vd Liin
hiip nghiip dodn Trung Viet hiin dang vd
se tiip tuc theo doi cdng viec. Biin chuyin
thi ndo si xin tUdng trinhngay" (11). Ridng
d Dd Nfing, di de phfing cudc dinh eong cia
cfing nhfin t h i y di§n hfldng i n g eufic dinh
cfing CTia cfing nhdn t h i y di$n Hul, cbfnh
quyin Ngfi Dinh Di§m tgi ddy da "chi thi
cho 3 ca quan Cdng an, Cdnh sdt vd Bdo an
dodn phdi hOp cdng tdc, tdng cudng vi^
canh phdng trong dd thi di di pkdng mgi
&m mUu phd rdt cia ddi phUOng, t^bdo v^
tdnh mgng vd tdi sdn nhdt Id cua ngogi
kiiu, ph&n cdng phu trdch bdo vi ngdy dim
13 nhd mdy ckita diin, Thi dodn bao an «

Rghien ciu Lich ai, atf 4.201Z
nk&n cing dUa yiu sdch bdi bd chi dd cai
thdu trung gian" (15). Ngfiy hfim sau (14-51966), chi hfing bu$c phai thda man ydu
sfich cia cfing nhdn: "Cdng nh&n dUife hudng
diu 65$ mSi ngdy kitU 15-1-1966. Kiti 156-1956, luang cia hg Bi du^ tdng Un 65$
mSi ngdy; chid^ cai thdu dugc bdi bo" (16).
Tilp theo, vdo lie 16 gid 30 ngfiy 18-61956, Nghidp dodn b i n bdo td chic philn
hpp b i t thfldng tgi Try sd trung fldng sd 14
dudng LI Vfin Duy|t (nay lfi dfldng Cfich
mgng Thing Tdm (Sfii Gdn), Tgi phidn hpp,
Dgi di|n Nghi$p dodn bdn bio giai thfch rd
ly do tri$u tdp phidn hpp, ring: "Nha Phdt
hdnh thdng nhit cd tinh Idm kiit qu4 sU
sanh sdng cia cdng nhdn bdn bdo bdng cdch
bdn bdo li ngay nhing sgp do Nha Phdt
hdnh Thdng nhdt Idp ra di ph&n phdt bdo
trong tdt cd qu^n dd thdnk... Hi^n tgi dang
cd 20 sgp dung diph&n phdt bdo vd bdn li,
ngodi ra Nka Phdt hdnh Thdng nkit se cho
thdnh l&p thim 60 sgp nia vd niu c6 thisi
md 400 sgp nho dibdn bdo le".

phdi thim binh si tdng cUifng vi^c di
phbng, bdo v^ nhd mdy" (12).
Lo sp cu$c dd'u tranh sd diSn ra trdn m$t
di^n rOng, ngdy 5-4-1956, chfnh quyin Ngfi
Dinb Di$m phai md cu$c hda giai giia cdng
nhdn vdi ehi hdng. Do cdng nhfin diu

tranh kidn quylt, dn trpng tfii cia chfnh
quyin Ngfi Dinb Di^m bu^c phai tuydn bd:
"Viic sa thdi 22 cdng nh&n li bdt hgp phdp
vi khdng cd ly do chinh ddng vd truyin chu
nk&n phdi trd ngodi phg cdp tkeo lu^t dinh
tiin bii thuifng thi^t hgi vi bai u&c qud
Igm" (13) vd bu(ke c b i nhfin phai tbi hfinh
trong 15 ngfiy,
Tdi ngdy 23-4-1956, da qud thdi hgn,
song ehi hang vin khfing chju thi hfinh,
Lidn hi§p Ngbi§p dodn T h i a Thidn da gii
cfing vdn dl'n Thanh tra Lao dfing vd An
ninh Xfi hfii Trung Vigt (Hul) vgch ro sfl
bOi fldc eua ehi xfldng vd tuydn bfi^; "Niu
din hii mudi hai gid trUa ngdy 25 thdng 4
ndm 1956 md chi sd Thiy diin vdn gii
thdi do ngoan cd thi eking tdi se cUOng
quyit ddt pkd bS.ng nhitng biin phdp cing
"Nhu thivi^c Idm dn cia cdng nk&n bdn
rdn vd hop phdp" (14),
bdo si bi Nka pkdt hdnh Thdng nhit chi
Den 12 gid trfla ngfiy 25-4-1956, c b i phdi vd vi quyin lgi bi mdt mdt bdng mdt
hang vin khong chiu tbi hdnh ban fin trong cdck vd cd. nin todn tki ddng ding lin
tdi ngfiy 5-4-1956, ndn tfi't ea cfing nhfin sd trank ddu di dbi kSi kdu gii ving quyin
Thiy di^n Hul^ da dinh cfing theo Ipnh cua lgi ciia minh" (17).
Lidn hi§p nghidp dodn Thia Thidn. Chi
Vd'n dl nfiy, Nghi$p dodn bdn bdo dd gii
hdng bupc phai nh^n thda mdn mpi dilu 3 bic thu cho Gifim ddc Nhfi Phfit hfinh
khoan da dflpc ghi trong dn trong tdi ngfiy Thd'ng n h i t , ylu ciu chfi'm d i t vi$c bfin bdo
5-4-1956,

le tgi cdc qufin c i a Nhfi p h i t hfinh Thd'ng
Tgi Sdi Gdn trong nfim 1956, nhing nhfi't, song khfing dflpc giai quylt.
cufie dinh cdng cia cfing nhfin diln ra vdi
H^i ngh} ddng thanh cfldng quylt ndu
quy rod ldn vd diu khIp cac ngdnh. Vdo lie ydu sfich ddi "trong 48 tiing t^ng hd nita,
13 gid 30 ngdy 13-5-1956, cfing nhfin khufin ngkla Id diing ngdy thi TU 20-6-1956 md
vdc kho 5 vfi bl'n tdu Nhd Rdng ddng logt khdng CO su gidi quyit cia Nha Phdt hdnh
dinh cflng dd ddi ITnh Ifldng dfing diu nhfl Thd'ng nhit, tki todn thi cdng nhdn bdn
nhau, "vi cd su chink lick giia ItfiJng cia bdo li 8i ngUng bdn vdo ngdy sdng tki
d&n phu CO ck&n trong "Ngkiip dodn kku&nNdm 21-6-1956" i\S).
vdc" (55$ mdi ngdy) vd d&n pku kkdng vdo
ChuIn bj cho cu§c dinh cdng nfiy, phidn
nghiip dodn (46$ mSi ngdy); ddng thdi cdng hpp biu ra Ban Tranh ehflfp, Ban Tr^t tt^,


PhongfrAocdng nhfln vl myc tieu.,.
Ban Ciu trd. Ban Lidn lgc vfi sd chia ra Gia Djnh, Bidn Hda khdng cd di$n nfldc,
t i n g todn 5 ho$c 7 ngfldi ding rai rdc gin mpi hogt dOng cfing nghidp dinh ddn; cfic
nhflng chd phfit bao dl giai thfch rd rfing rgp hit, rgp chilu bdng phai ddng cia; 6 td
cho nhing ngfldi nh^n bdo vl ban vfi trao bfio hfing ngfiy khdng ra dupe; ddi phfit
td hidu tri^u cho hp, Danh sdch cia nhiing thanh nging phfit 48 tilng ddng hfi. Trfldc
dodn vidn dflpc biu vdo cfic Ban ndy dfl^c tinh binh dd, chfnh quyin Ngfi Dinb Di^m
gifl bf m^t (19). Theo Cflng vfin s i 284- bu$c phai giai quylt m^t sd ydu sfich cia
M/PDTS ngdy 20-6-1956 eua Quyin Dd cfing nhfin. Cu^c hda giai sau dd di din sa
trfldng Sfii Gdn - Chp Ldn gii Bd trfldng B? thii Nguyin Chf Cao vd ydu ciu cfing nhfin
Thdng tin vd Thanh nidn, nlu ydu sdch cia 1dm vi^c trd lgi. Tuy nbidn, phfa chi nhdn
cdng nhdn khfing dflpc thda man thi sd diln ngudi Phdp vi^n Id ring trong nhfim 35
ra "nking phdn ing mgnh me cia mdt sd ngfldi d Id l i a cd nhilu phin t i phan ddng,
ddng ddo cdng nk&n bdn bao l&u ndm, khi cd tbl mflu hgi nhdn vidn Phdp vfi pbfi hogi
Hgi Cuu Chiin si yiu cdu Tod Bd chink thu nhd ddn ndn khdng chfi^p nh$n. Vl phfa

hdi gidy pkip vd ngUng cdp mdn bdi cko cfing nhdn, 35 cfing nhdn Id lia phidn 15
cdc nhd pkdt hdnh khdc cdng cdc sgp bdo gid din 23 gid tilp tyc nghi vi^c, Tilp theo,
bdn li" (20).
35 edng nhan (phidn t i 23 gid din 7 gid
Cfmg thdi gian trdn, diln ra cupc dinb sfin^, rdi 35 cdng nhfin (phidn t i 7 gid sdng
cdng c i a cfing nhdn t h i y didn Chp Qudn din 15 gid) deu khfing den sd. Ngdy hfim
(Sdi Gdn). Nguydn nhdn cua cudc cfinh cdng sau (27-3-1956) todn thd cfing nhfin Thiy
ndy Id do Trfldng todn ngfldi Phap Eenard di^n Chd Qudn dinh cdng.
phgt "treo gid" hai ngdy ddi vdi mfit cdng
Cufie dilu (flnh hai bdn tgm thdi giai quylt
nhan Vidt Nam (Nguyin Chi Cao). T i dfi ngflng vifc 4 ngfldi trong dd cfi Renard, dl
dfin dl'n cudc xd xdt gifla hai ngfldi. Nguyin cdng nhan cd tbl trd lai 1dm vide (21),
Chl Cao bi dfinh bim mfit, Renard bi
Tilp theo, cuflc diu tranh cia cflng nhdn
thfldng d diu. Chu hang Thuy didn Chp Thiy di^n Sdi Gdn diln ra dai ding, kdo
Qudn quyl't dinh sa thai Nguyin Chf Cao. ddi t i thang 8-1956 din 1957. Nguydn
Tilp theo, ngdy 26-3-1956, chu hang ra nhfin cia cufie diu tranh nfiy l i do ddi sfi'ng
Idnh sa thai thdm hai cdng nhfin Vi^t Nam khd kbfin cia cfing nhfin, Ifldng thfi'p so vdi
^ 5 Ngpc Anh vd Lflu Hdng Cim) vl nghi gifi ca sinh hogt, Trong bang ngfin sdch gia
ca hai fim mt/u vdi Nguyin Chf Cao ddnh dinh cia m^t cfing nhfin thiy di§n ed vp vd
Trfldng tofiji Renard.
2 eon thi bfing thdng cin phai cd 3,185$00
Vide sa thai cdng nhfin mfit cdch t i y mdi d i sdng, nhflng Ifldng chi cfi 1.500$00
tidn, vd cd c i a chi hfing Thiy di^n Chp (22), ngbia lfi chfla dgt 50% so vdi ydu ciu;
Qudn gfiy ndn phan i n g t i c thdi dSi vdi trong lie dd, d Sdi Gdn, ggo Id m$t hfing
cfing nhdn, 15 gid ngdy 26-3-1956, 35 cfing chi ydu trong ddi sdng hdng ngdy thi dU^c
nhan lfim trong Id l i a (phien t i 15 gid tdi bdn theo gid chq den. Td Information
23 gid) ngflng vi0e dd phan ddi lenh sa thai (Paris, 12-1-1956) vilt: "d Sdi Gdn gid ggo
hai cdng nhfin Dd Ngpc Anh va Lflu Hfing chd den Un din 1.700 ddng/tg. Ti xUa tdi
e l m . Cufie dinh cdng da dflpc sfl hudng iing nay, ngUdi ta ckUa bao gid tkdy hi^n tugng

cia gin 200.000 cdng nhdn, lao dfing, cdc trdi ngugc ddi Id ggo miin Nam Vi^t Nam,
ting Idp nhfin dfin khdc bdi cfing, Cufie bdi mdt trong nhing vua lua ldn nhdt thi gidi,
^ ^ • k l o dfii 2 ngdy 1dm Sdi Gdn, Chd Ldn, lgi ddt han cd ggo Paris I Miin Nam trUdc


Rghien ciu I^ch aii'. atf 4.20tt
ddy xudt cdng trung binh 1 tri^u 600 tdn nh^t (theo link B0 Lao dpng), tki mdi tudn
ggo m^t ndm (ndm 1937 xudt tdi 1.700.000 mdt 2 ngdy lUdng, tic Id m^t thdng bdt 8
tdn) vdy md b&y gid thiiu ggo trdm trgng" ngdy lUdng (gdn 114 luang).
(23). Dl thofit khdi tinh c&nh b l tic cua
b) Ngodi ra, mdi rSi Cdng ty tdng litdng
cude sdng, ngfiy 30-8-1966, cfing nhfin dfla cho nh&n viin Phdp md khdng tdng luang
ydu sdch gdm 5 khoan:
cho ngUdi Vi^t.
c) Cdng nh&n ngUdi Vi4t Idnh luang kim
"1) Tdng luang ti 25% din 40%, vi gid
sink hogt tdng vd cdng ty cing tdng gid bdn cdng nk&n Idm viic d cdc hang khdc (Hdng
tkudc Id, Sdddu. SdrU0i, Hdng La-ve,...) (26).
<£4n;
2) Ckuyin nh&n viin c6ng nhdt Idm viic
Dfing thdi, Hdi ddng ra quylt nghj budc
trin 3 ndm sang hgng lUdng thdng;
Gifim dde Cdng ty Thuy didn Sii Gdn tfing
3) Khdng giao viic Idm Nhd din cho hang Ifldng cho cfing nhfln: "7% cko nking sd
tu d ngodi Idm, dikkoi cdcdbdt nh&n viin;
Ittang nko, 4% cho nking sd lUdng ldn.
4) Cdng ty c6 3 kip Idm vi^c thay pkiin Trung bink khodng 6%" (27).
nhau, Idm cd chi nh^t. Nay B^ Lao d^ng
Tilp theo, t i thing 6 din thfing 8-1957,
bdt l&p kip thi 4, nhd din rit bdt ngUdi d 3 cfing nhfln cfic n h i ga xe l i a Chf Hda, VU

kip di l&p kip thi 4, kkdng lgi cko cdng An, D i Ning td chic hing chyc cudc biiu
nh&n. V&y yiu cdu Cdng ty tuyin ngUdi mdi tinh chdng c h l dd 1dm vi^c hd khic, chdng
di l&p kip tki 4;
dudi vide, ddi chfl'm d i t b i t bd, tra t i n v i
5) Cdp cko ngudi Idm vi^c 8 gid liin m(S* t i diy cfic cfin bd nghidp dofin, Thfing 11phu cdp qudy cam Id 15$" (24).
1967, cfing n h l n toin ngdnh hoa xa miln
Sudt 2 thdng 9 vfi 10-1956, Thanh tra Nam tiin h i n h dgi hdi, de ra c h i trfldng,
Lao dpng chfnh quyin Sdi Gdn ding ra hda bidn phfip dd'u tranh bao vd quyin Ipi cho
giai nhung khdng thdnh, Ngdy 21-2-1957, cfing n h l n v i ra kiln nghf ddi chfnh quyin
Hdi dfing xdt vd quylt djnh: Bac bo 3 ydu Sii Gdn tra tM do cho C h i tich vd ThU ky
ciu diu (1, 2 vfi 3) vfi chtfp thu§n 2 dilu nghidp doin ngfinh, ciing nhiing cfing nhdn
dang bi giam gifl. Nhiing kidn nghi v i ydu
sau (5 vfi 6),
Song ddi vdi cdng nhfin thi "diim xin sdch cia dgi hdi ngdnh hda xa da dflpc
nghidp
doin cfing nhfin cfic nginh khdc d
tdng luang Id diim chink, diim ndy bi bdc,
nin coi quyit nghi cia H^i ddng trgng tdi Sfii Gdn, Chp Ldn v i mdt sd thinh phd, th)
nhu dd xi cdng nk&n kodn todn thua" (25). x i ddng tinh iing bd(3flng nhfln khdng nh$n quylt nghj nfiy,
Sang nfim 1958, phong trio cflng nhan
tilp tyc d | trinh vy vi§c ldn Bd Lao ddng vSn tilp tyc diln ra trdn mdt didn rdng.
(Sdi (5dn) vd ngfiy 21-3-1957, td chflc bdi Cudc bfii cflng cua cdng nhfln hing diu
nghi vfi "biiu quyit niu khdng dupe tdng Caltex h N h i Bd (Sii Gdn) kdo dii trong 10
luang se dink cdng" (26),
ngfiy, b i t d i u t i ngiy 28-2-1968. Cflng
Thfing 5-1957, H^i dfing Lidn Bd Lao . nhfin ddi gidi chii My phai tdng Ifldng vi
ddng, Cdng chanh vd Kinh td hpp vfi nh^n khfing dflpc ddnh d|p, sa thai cdng nhfln.
thfi'y cdc ly do chfnh cia si^ tranh chfi'p Id:
Hfldng i n g cudc d i u tranh cua cflng
a) Trong kki 3 kip Idm ca ngdy ngki, tki nhfln hing Caltex, cflng nhfln cic hing diu

mdi cdng nk&n trong m$t tudn U link thim S.V.O.C (cia My) v i Shell (cua Anh) da t i
du 2 ngdy luang, vi ngdy chi nh^t di Idm chtTi khdng chd hing cho hang Caltex. Toin
du^ trd luang gdp ddi. Nay phdi nghi cki t h i cflng nhfin cIc nhfi mdy didn, n h i mdy


Phong trho cOng nhfln vl myc Heu...
nfldc Sdi (3dn, Gia Dinh, Chp Qufin vd
nghifp dodn Gia Dinh ciing ldn tilng long
hd eufic dd'u tranh cua anh em cfing nhfln
hdng Caltex,
Cudc dfiu tranh da 1dm cho hfing Caltex i
dpng mfii ngdy hdng chyc vgn 1ft xdng, trong
kbi 30 tram bdn xfing d Sii Gim hit xdng vd
edc ddn vi ed gidi, khdng qufin My thidu
xfing de hogt ddng. Cudc bdi cdng dd 1dm cho
chu bang moi ngfiy thidt hgi trdn mdt tridu
dfing tidn miln Nam, cd y ngbia d vii phong
trio chdng My trong cfing nhdn miln Nam,
lim ndi b^t ldn tinh t h i n dofin kit, y chf dfi'u
tranh b i t khul't vd trinh dd td chic cua cfing
nhfin v i lao ddng Sfii Gdn,
Cudi nfim 1968, cudc dfi'u tranh cua cfing
nhfin Thiy dipn Chp Qudn (Sfii Gdn) lgi
diSn ra, Ngfiy 30-12-1958, cdng nhfln Thuy
didn dfla ddn ydu elu Sd Thanh tra Lao
ddng dd thfinh can thidp vdi Cfing ty Thuy
didn dl thda man 3 ydu sach:
"i / Tdng luang tdng qudt 15$ mdi ngdy
cko mSi cdng nh&n,
21 Cdng nk&n ddu ndng dugc gii din

binh viin dieu tri cdc phi tdn do Cdng ty
ddi thg,
31 Trd phu cdp gia dXnh trin cdn bdn
duy nhdt,
41 Tra tien pku trdi theo thi tuc cdng
nh&n Idm phien" (28).
Sd Lao dpng dfi thfinh Sfii Gdn hda giai
b i t thinh, Ngay 26-3-1959, n^i vy dfla ra
Hfii ddng trpng tdi. Ban an trpng tdi ngfiy
18-6-1959 tuydn x i nhU sau:
"a) Bdc ldi yiu cdu cia bin cdng nh&n vi
tdng luang tdng qudt mSi ngdy cho todn thi
cdng nhdn.
b) Bdc ldi yiu cdu dugc hudng phu cdp
gia dinh trin cdn bdn duy nkdt.
c) Chi rang chi nh&n vd cdng nh&n ding
tkoa tkudn vi diiu cku nhdn phdi ddi thg
tdt cd tiin kkdm bink vd tkudc men do bdc
81 cia Cdng ty thuy diin cho toa" (29).

Tuy nbidn, cdng nhfin khfing chip thu^n
vd tilp tyc dfii phai thda man cfic ydu sfich
cia minh, nlu khfing cudc dinh cfing sd
diln ra. Cufii cing, H^i nghi dfldi s4 chu
tpa cia Bd trfldng Cfing cbfinh vfi Bd
trfldng Lao ddng (Sdi Gdn) da thdng nhd't:
"a) Thda mdn yiu sdch cdng nh&n, niu
kkdng dnk kudng din vigid diin,
b) Tdng gid diin via di di ddi tkg pki
tin chi thim vi nk&n cdng.

c) Cdng ty phdi md muc kitodn riing di
ghi sd th&u do tdng gid diin vd ghi sdxudt
viphi tdn mdi cho cdng nhdn" (30),
Chfnh sdeh "vien trd' cua My ciUig vdi cfic
bidn phfip ddc quyen v i vd vdt vl kinh t l ciia
t^p dofin gia (finh ho Ngfi da gdy ra tinh trgng
^nh ddn vfi bd tic trong nin kinh t l miln
Nam. Mfit so ldn cdc cd sd san xult d miln
Nam phai ddng cia hofic thu hep san xult,
hdng chyc van cfing nhdn bj thit nghidp,
nhilu nhfi tfl aan bi phd san, "Rnh hinh nfiy
din din phong trdo ddi ban chl nhdp cang
hing ngoai hda, bit diu tfl cudi nfim 1956, dd
phdt triln mgnh trong nam 1958.
Trong cdc thfing 3, 6, 11 nfim 1958, hfing
vgn cfing nhan eua 150 xfldng ddt d Sfii Gdn,
Chp Ldn, Gia Dinh da hop dai hdi, dfla kidn
nghi ddi chfnh quyin Ngfi IHnh Didm cd'm
nhdp cang hing ngogi hda, ddi giai quylt
ngn thfi't nghidp, Cac cudc dfiiu tranh dd dd
dupe cflng nhfin va ehi cfic hidu may trong
todn thfinh phdldn tilng i n g hfl,
Thfing 4-1958, edc dgi biiu cua cfing
nhfin, tilu chu, nhfi tfl san trong 25 hdp tfic
xfi san xult vai lya ving quanb Sfii Gdn da
ky kidn nghi doi cd'm nhdp cang nbflng
hdng miln Nam cd tbl san xufi't dfldc.
Phong trdo dfi'u tranh chdng "v^n trg"
My, ddi hgn chl hfing ngogi hda, bao vd npi
hda vdi nhflng khIu hidu kinh t l thiet thuc

dfi ldi eudn sy tham gia eua nhilu ting Idp,
nhilu ngdnh kinh td v i diln ra d nhilu ndi
trdn mien Nam. Qua phong trdo, cdc ting


Rghien eHru Lich aJr. atf 4.8018

40
lip nhfin dfin d miln Nam cing tbiy rd
nguydn nhfln ciia tinh trgng dinh ddn v i bd*
tic vl kinh t i d miln Nam.
Trong nim 1969, ndi b | t l i cudc bfii
cdng cua 1.200 cdng nhfln n h i mfiy bia,
nude ngot BGI d Sfii Gdn diln ra ngdy 25-51959. Trong thdi gian bfii cfing, cfic n i cdng
nhfin trong nhfi mdy da chia thdnh tiing
tdp, thay nhau nim can dfldng, khfing cho
xe mang hing ra khdi nhfi mdy dl di bdn.
Cfic nghidp doin xfch Id, nghidp dodn cfing
nhfin didn, nfldc, cdc nghidp dodn xe dd Sfii
Gdn v i Tfly Ninh nhidt lidt i n g hd cfing
nhfln hfing BGL

*
l i m hilu myc tidu dfin sinh trong phong
trio cfing nhfin d cdc dfi thi miln Nam Vidt
Nam giai dogn 1954-1959 cd thd r i t ra mdt
sd nhfin dinh e h i ylu sau:
1. Dfldi c h l dd My v i chfnh quyin Ngfi
Dinh Didm, ddi sdng eua cdng nhdn gdp rfi't
nhilu khd kbfin, t i n g qufin do tfnh chfiit

ddc quyin cia chi, nhiing quy c h l loi thdi
dp dyng trong cfic nbd mdy vfi xf nghidp,
chfnh sfich cip phgt, sa thai cfing nhfin mdt
cfich t i y tidn, vfi cd; tiin lUdng thip dfldi
mic tdi thilu BO vdi gid ca sinh hogt ngdy
cdng tfing cao, lgi khfing cfi chd dfi phy cfi'p
cho gia dinh,.., Tdft ca thudng trvtc de dpa
ddi sdng v4t chd't v i tinh t h i n c i a cfing
nhfin; nd vgch t r i n ban chfiit cua chd dd
"C^ng hda nk&n vi" c i a Ngfi Dinh Didm
trfldc dfl ludn; gdp phin nflng cao gific ngd
chfnh trj cho cdng nhfin, cfi y nghia to ldn
trong vi§c-t4p hpp, dodn kdt cfing nhfin v i
nhing thing Ipi giinh dupe trfldc m i t lfi
ngudn ddng vidn cd vu cdng nhfln miln

Nam vio cudc diu tranh vl myc tilu giii
phdng miln Nam, thdng nhtft dfi't nfldc h
giai dogn tidp theo.
2. Phong trfio cflng nhfln vl myc tilu dfln
sinh giai dogn 1954-1959 diln ra diu khIp
b cflc dfl thi miln Nam, trfldc bdt l i nhing
thinh phdldn nhfl Sii Gdn - Cb^ Ldn, Hud,
Dfi Ning v i bao gdm hlu h i t mpi nginh,
cfing nhfin cfic nginh dfi cd si^ hd trp lin
nhau trong dl'u tranh, Myc tilu cho tiing
cudc d&\x tranh dflpc xic djnh rfi rdng, cy
thd; hinh thflc v i bidn phfip d i u tranh hda
binh t i chfi nlu ydu sdch, Hy c h i ky, td
chic cfic diln din, hdi ngh; rfii ling cdng,

dinh cdng vfi tidn ldn tdng bfii cdng,... gidnh
thing Ipi tiing bflflc, p h i hpp vdi chi
trfldng eua Dang trong giai dogn diu ciia
cfich mgng miln Nam (1954-1969).
3. Trong bdi canh Ijch s i cdch mgng miln
Nam lie bfiiy gid, khi m i chfnh quyin Ngfi
Dinh Didm tidn hinh khing bd'dc Udt nhihig
ngfldi ydu nfldc, nhthig ngfldi khflng ctain
qua nhfllig chiln djch "tdC^ng", nhiing "Qude
sack dinh diin", "Qude sdch Khu trii m^",
"Ludt 10/59",... phong trio cdng nhfln d cdc
dd th) mi&i Nam vi myc tilu dfin sinh giai
dogn 1954-1959 dfl pheTi h ^ nh)p nhing vdi
nhiing hogt ddng cua lijlc lUpng vii trang tijt vd
v i phong trio didt dc, phfl 1dm ngiy cfing
phdt triln. Phong trio dfl mdt m$t gdp phin
lim suy ydu chfnh quyin Ngfl Dbih Didm vd
m$t chfnh tr), khing dpih tfnh chfiit btfp binh
cua mdt chfnh quyin Sii Gdn khfing cfi cd sd
xd hdi; m$t khflc, nd dfl tgo ra nhflng ti&i d6
h i t sic quan tryng nhim chuyin phong trio
cfich mgng m i ^ Nam sang mdt bfldc phdt
triln mdi cao hdn.

CHUTHfCH
(1), Vi$n Mic - LSnin, Vi?n Ljeh ai Dang.
(2). Cfioc vin id 397BC/I ngiy 13-1-1966. cia
Nhitng su kiin lich si Ddng. T^p lU. Nxb. ThfingTinh trudng Thiia Thidn gii tjy ban Dgi biiu
tin Ly luftn. Hi N$i, 1985, tr. 22-23.
Chfnh phu tgi Trung Yi^t Hul, Trung tdm LUu trO

Phongfrfloetfng nhfln vl myc Heu...
QuSc gia II. KS' hi§u t i l li|u TNTP-HS, 21.316.
(3). Cong vfin m i t atf 2118/CSCArrBTM ngfiy
31-3-1955, cua Giim dSc sd Canh s i t vfi C6ng an
Qude gia Trung Vi$t gii D^i biiu Chinh phu t^i
Trung Vi^t (Hul) vfi Tdng Giim dfic Nha Cinh ait
v i COng an Qufic gia Vi^t Nam (Sii Gfin). Trung
tfim Luu tra Qufic gia II. Ky hi^u tii li$u
TNTP.10312.
(4). Cfing v i n atf 334/LD/ANXH ngfiy 29-31955, cua Dgi hilu Chfnh phu t^i Trung Vi$t gii
chfnh quy^n Ngfi Dinh Difm, Trung tfim Luu tni
Qufic gia II. K^ hi^u t i i li$u TNTP-HS. 21.316.
(6). Cfing vfin m^t atf 996/CSCA/TBI.M ngfiy
17-10-1955, cua Gifim dfic Nha Canh ait v i Cfing
an Qufic gia tgi Trung Vi^t g i i D^i biiu Chfnh phii
t^i Trung Vi$t v i Tfi'ng Giim dfic Canh sit v i
Cfing an Qutfc gia Vi$t Nam t^i Sii Gfin. Trung
tfim Luu tra Qufic gia II. Ky hi^u t i i lifu TNTPHS. 21.316.
(6), (7). Kiln nghi ngiy 12-11-1955 cua toin
t h i doin viin nghifip dofin Cong nhfin hoa xa Vift
Nam dia phUctng giSli Ngfi I^nh Di^m. Trung t i m
Luu trQ Qufic gia U. Ky hi^u t i i li^u SC. 12HS.22.165.
(8). Cfing vfin so 1241-U)/ANXH ngiy 27-U1955, cua Thanh tra Lao dfing v i An ninh Xi hfii
Trung Vi§t giii Ong D?! biiu Chfnh phu t^i Trung
Yi^t. Trung tfim Luu trQ Qufic gia II. I ^ hifiu tii
lifu D$ nhfi^t Cfing hfia -16.226.
(9), (10). C»ng v i n atf 245/LA/ANXH ngiy 13-31956 ciia Thanh tra Lao d§ng v i An ninh Xa hfii
Trung Vi^t g i i fing D^i hilu Chfnh phu & Sii Gfin,

Trung tfim Luu trQ Qufic gia II. Ky hifiu tii li?u
TNTP.21.316.
(11). Cfing di$n (Mit, KhIn) atf 314-UVANXH
ngiy 31-3-1956, ciia Thanh tra Lao dfing Trui«
Vi§t gill T^ng Thanh tra Lao dfing Vi|t Nam (Sfii
Gfin). Trung tfim Luu trQ Qufic gia II. Ky hi^u tfii
lifu TNTP.10312.
(12). Cfing v i n stf 433/VP/CT.Mngiy 2-4-1956,

41
cua Th) tnrdng D i Ning gii fing D^i biiu Chfnh
phu t^i Trung Vifit. Trung tfim Luu trO Qufic gia
n . Ky hi?u tii li?u TNTP.10312.
(13), Difin m$t ngiy 4-10-1956, cua dgi biiu
Chfnh phii Trung Vifit gCii chfnh quy^n Ngfi IMnh
Di^m tgi Sfii Gfin, Trung tfim LUu trO Qufic ^ a II.
Ky hiOu tii li?u TNTP,21,316,
(14). Cfing vfin stf 313 LH/TT ngfiy 23-4-1956,
cua Lifin hi$p Nghifp dofin Thtia Thiin guli Thanh
tra Lao dfing v i An ninh Xi hfii Trung Vi$t, Hul,
Trung tfim LUu trQ Qufic gia II, Ky hifiu tii li$u
TNTP.21.316.
(15), (16). Cflng v i n atf 1960/HCSV/P2 ngiy 266-1956, cua D^i biiu Chtnh phu tai Nam Vi0t gijli
Bfi trUdng Phii Tdng thtfng. Trung tfim Luu trQ
Qufic gia II. Ky hifiu t i i li$u Dfi nhlCt Cfing hfia •
16,226.
(17), (18). Cfing v i n atf 53-TB/M ngiy 19-61956, ciia Canh sit trUdng, Trudng phfing Tiah
bio giJii Giara dfic canh s i t Dfi thinh Sii Gfin - Ch?
Eifin. Trung tfim Luu trfl Qufic gia II. KJr hifu tii
hfiu Dfi n h i t C^ng hfia -16.229.

(19), (20), (21), Cfing v i n atf 370mCSV ngiy 273-1956 ciia Quyin Dai biiu Chfnh phii tgii Nam
Vifit giii ong Bfi truflng Nfii vy (Sii Gfin). Trung
tfim Luu trQ Qufic gia II. K^ hi$u tfii li§u D | nhtft
C$ng hfia -16.226.
(22), (23). Cfing v i n stf 1127 BU)/LD ngiy 295-1957 ciia Tfing tnsbne B^ Lao dfing gii T^ng
thtfng Vifit Nam Cfing hfia. Trung tfim Luu trQ
Qufic gia II. Ky hieu t i i Ii|u Dfi n h i t Cfing hfia 16.606.
(24). (25), (26), (27), Tranh chip glQa chii nhin
v i cfing n h i n Cflng ty Thiiy difin Sfii Gfin, Trung
tfim Luu trQ Qufic gia II. Ky hifiu t i i li$u Dfi n h i t
Cfing hfia -19.506.
(28), (29), (30). Tcl trinh V/v tranh chip cua 729
cfing nhfin N h i dfin ChQ Quin. Trung tfim Luu trQ
Qufic gia II. Ky hifu t i i li$u D$ n h i t C$ng hfia 17.126.


QUA TRirai iiiwi THAWI PHOMG TRAO
DA'U TRAOTI DU KICH d TIIMI TIIAI i^cmfeiv
GIAI DOAIV 1940-1945
N G O N G Q C LINH'

1. Vdi vi tri d)a ly d$c bidt, li cia ngd
gifla miln n i i phfa Bic vdi miln xufii, Thdi
Nguydn trd tbdnb viing d i t cd vi tri chidn
\\l(fc vfi cing quan trong. Khfing nhiJng vdy,
ngfldi ddn viing ndy vdn cd truyin thdng
lao dgng cin ci, ydu nudc vd kidn cfldng
trong dd'u tranh di^ng nfldc vd gii nfldc,
"B&y Id tken ckdt cia tdt cd cdc con dUdng
thugng du"..., dugc coi nhu Id chiic chia

khoa md cia ngd tkugng du... "Trdi qua
nhiiu thiky, tinh ndy trd thdnh ving dim
ngdn ngia nUdc Tdu khoi de dga, x&m lUgc
An Nam vdo nhitng tinh pkia Nam cia Bac
Kyvd Trung Ily~il).
Nhdn thflc d^i(fc tlm quan trong cia
ving d i t niy ddi vdi cudc ddu tranh giinh
ddc Idp dfln tdc, ngay t i khi mdi ra ddi,
Dang ta da c i nhilu cdn bd ddn ddy tuydn
truydn, giic ngfi qudn ching, xdy di^g cdc
CO sd cdch mgng. Sxf ra ddi cua cO sd Dang
diu tidn ciia tinh Thdi Nguydn d xa La Bing
(huydn Dgi Ti) vio cufii ndm 1936 da ddnh
dd'u bfldc trfldng thinh quan trong cia
phong trio cIch mgng tinh Thdi Nguydn,
T i nim 1939 ddn ndm 1941, trfldc
nhing diln bidn pbflc tgp cua tinh binh
t b l gidi vd trong nfldc, Dang ta da kip thdi
chi dgo chuyin hfldng chidn Ifl^c cdch

mgng. Qui trinh chuydn hfldng chi dao
chidn Iflijc niy dflfle thi^c hidn qua 3 Hdi
ngh) Un thfl 6, 7, 8 c i a Ban Chljp hinh
Trung fldng Dang, Chfnh nhflng chi
trfldng, quylt sflch dflpc dfla ra t i nhflng
hdi ngh) niy da gdp phin tfch cflc, quydt
d)nh din sijt binh t h i n h vd phdt triln cua
phong trdo cIch mang c i a quIn ching ndi
chung vd phong trio d i u tranh du kfch d
tinh Thdi Nguyfin nfii ridng.

Hgi ngh) Un t h i 6 cua Ban Chip hdnh
Trung Udng Dang dfl(?e tridu tdp tgi Bd
Dilm - Hdc Mdn - Gia D)nh t i ngdy miing 6
din ngiy 8-11-1939 da khing dinh: "Bude
dudng sinh tin cia edc d&n tdc Bdng
Buong khdng cbn con dUdng ndo khdc hdn
Id con dudng dank dddiqudc Phdp. chdng
tdt ca dck ngogi x&m... S^t boc lit tdn dc
cua di qude Phdp d Bdng DiAtng di cung
cdp cho chiin trank si Idm cko ddn Bdng
Duong ngdy cdng cdck m^nk koa. Cudc
cdck minh ddnh dddiqu^ Phdp ciia nk&n
d&n Bdng BUdng nkdt dink si ndbing" (2),
Hdi ngh) Un t h i 7 eua Ban ChfTp hdnh
Trung fldng diSn ra t i ngiy 6 ddn ngdy 911-1940 tgi ling Dinh Bang - T i Sdn - Bac
Ninh d$c bidt nhtfn mgnh tfii nhidm vy:
"Phdi Itfix chgn ngUdi trong cdc dodn thi

' ThS. Trudng Dgi bpc Khoa hoc - Dgi hpc Thdi Nguyin


Qufl Mnh hfaih thflnh phong frno...
ddng md rdng cdc d^i tU vi. Trong gid tranh
ddu quyit Hit ndy phdi trUe tiip vo trang
cho d&n ching cing Bdng td chic nh&n
d&n cdch minh qu&n, trUc tiip tham gia
diiu khiin bgo ddng" (3). Ci^ t h i hdn, Hdi
ngh) ndu ro hogt d^ng cua d^i du kfch Id
diing hinh t h i e vu trang cfing tdc, khi eIn
thi chiln dd'u chdng dich khiing bd dl bao

vd tfnh mgng v i t i i san c i a nhfln dfin,
phdt triln th^t sflu rfing cdc ed sd cdch
mang dd xdy di^ng, rad rdng cdn c i du kfch.
Hdi nghi Un thfl 8 c i a Ban ChfTp binh
Trung fldng Dang hop t i ngdy 10 ddn 19-51941 tai Pac Bd, Cao Bing dd r i t nhln
mgnh nhidm vi^ giai phdng dfin tdc v i ehi
ro: "Chudn bi khdi ngkla Id nhiSm vif trung
tdm cia Bdng ta vd d&n ta trong giai dogn
kiin tgf. Ve vlh d l xdy dflng lflc Iflpng vii
trang, Hdi nghi quydt dinh cin "phdi co
nhitng td chic tiiu td du kick, du kick
chink thie vd tdchic binh linh diqudc" (4)
vd di ra "Biiu le cia Viit Nam Tiiu td du
kick quoc" trong dfi cd quy dinh nhieu vd'n
dl nhfl: Phfldng phdp td chic, dilu Id kdt
ngp dfii vifin, trdch nhidm, tdp luydn, vu
khf, ky thudt,... Hfii nghi quyet dinh liy
viing n i i rCftig Vidt Bflc de xay dflng cdn cfl
dia vu trang, md Cao Bing vd Bdc Sdn - Vo
Nhai Id hai dilm d trung tfim v i lim bdn
dgp phdt dfing diu tranh vii trang, thie
diy phong trdo each mgng ca nfldc phdt
triln. Tdm lai, Hfii ngh) Idn thfl 8 cua Ban
chd'p hanh Trung fldng Dang ed mfit f
ngbia vfi cing quan trgng, nfi da bodn
chinh sfl chuydn hudng chi dgo chiln Ifldc
each mgng dflpc vgch ra t i Hpi nghi Un
thfl 6 (thang 11 ndm 1939).
2. Vdn dung c b i trfldng, dfldng loi eua
Dang, ngdy 27-9-1940, khdi nghia Bdc Sdn

biing nd. Cufie khdi nghia da dgt dflpc mot
80 thing Ipi ban d i u nhflng do mpt sd hgn
chd nhH dpih, cudc khdi nghia B^e Sdn da
khdng gidnh dfldc thing ldi cudi ciing. Tuy

nbifin, qua cupc khdi nghia, ddi du kfeb Bic
Sdn da ra ddi vd dflpc rdn luydn (gdm cfi
mdt sd du kfch qudn l i ngfldi Thfii
Nguydn), khu du kfch Bic Sdn cflng dd
hinh thinh. Dfi Id cd ad thudn ldi, Id dilu
kidn tidn quylt dfla ddn sfl ra ddi cua cdn
cfl dia Bic Sdn - Vo Nhai v i sfl ra ddi cia
trung ddi Ciu qude qudn L Tgi Hfii nghi
Trung fldng 7 (thdng 11-1940), Dang ta
quylt dinh ddi du kich Bic Sdn eIn phai
dflpc duy tri vd phdt triln, 1dm lflc Iflpng
nfing cdt tidn tdi xfiy dflng cdn cfl dia Bic
Sdn - Vd Nhai, Trung fldng Dang cung vgch
rfi phfldng hfldng hogt ddng cia ddi du kfch
l i vu trang cfing tdc, khi eIn thi chdng dich
khiing bd, xfiy dflng, md rfing edn efl dia
each mgng. Thflc hidn chi trfldng cia
Dang, xud't phfit tfl sfl phdt triln cia lflc
Ifldng du kich qudn, ngiy 1-5-1941 ll thdnh
Idp Trung ddi Cflu qude qudn I dflpc to chflc
trpng thd d Khudi Noi (xa Vu Ll, chfiu Bic
Sdn). Nhfl vdy, tfl sau Hfii nghi Trung fldng
7 (thfing 11-1940) den gifla nam 1941, cufie
diu tranh eua quan vd dan Bac Sdn, Vo
Nhai da danh diu mfit thdi ky quan trong thdi ky hinh tbdnb, phat trien cac lflc Iflpng

vu trang cfich mgng diu tidn cua Dang,
chuIn bi nhing dieu kidn cin thidt sdn
sdng diu tranh vu trang chdng dich khing
bd trong giai dogn sau.
Trdn ed sd phong trdo each mgng dfldc
gifl vflng vd md rdng, ngiy 15-9-1941, tai
ring Khufin Manh, ling Ngpc My, xa
Tring Xd, huydn Vd Nhai, tinh Thfii
Nguydn, Trung dfii Ciu qude qudn II dflpc
thdnh Up, Sau khi thinh Idp, Trung dfii
Ciu qude qufin II da cfi nhilu hogt dfing
tfch cflc, trdn t i t ca cfic mdt: md rpng dia
bin boat ddng, hufi'n luydn chfnh tri, qufin
sfl vd chdng dich khing bd trdn cdn c i d)a
Ble Sdn - Vfi Nhai. Trong tam thdng diu
tranh khfing mdt moi (ti thdng 7-1941 din
thang 2-1942), cac chiln sy trung ddi Ciu


Rghien cihi L|eh a i . stf 4.2012
qude qufin II dfl phdi hpp vdi quIn ching
nhdn dfln chiln dfl'u trong nhing dilu kiln
vfi cing khfi khin, gian khi, tidu hao nhilu
sinh life d)ch, bio vd v i phdt triln li^c
lupng cdch mgng: "S{t tin tgi cia Citu qude
qu&n cd y ngkla quan trgng, thi hi$n vai
trd lank dgo cua Bdng, sic mgnh dodn kit
qudn, d&n vd tinh thdn cdch mgng eua
ddng bdo cde d&n t^c..." (6),
Mdt khfic, cflng trong thdi gian niy,

nhdn thd'y d P h i Binh, Phd Yin phong trdo
cflch mgng dang ldn, cO sd Dang vi M$t
t r | n Vidt Minh diing vflng, cd vj tri thudn
Ipi, dl ding lidn lgc vfii cfic ndi, Trung fldng
Dang da quylt dinh li^a chpn vflng tilp
gifip eua 3 ving: Hidp Hda (Ble Giang),
P h i Binh, Phd Ydn (Thfii Nguydn) dd xdy
diing khu vi^c tfldng dfii an todn gpi l i
ATK2. Vide xfiy dflng ATK l i nhim tgo ndn
mpt chd ding chfin tfldng dfii dn djnh eho
cdc td chic cdch mgng. ATK2 Id ndi d$t cdc
cd quan cua Trung fldng vd Xfl uy nhU: cd
sd in tdi li^u, Bdo "Cd gidi phong" (d chia
Mai Sdn), ndi cd't gifl tdi li^u (chia Kha
Sdn Hg); Id diu mdi giao thfing lidn lgc t i
Trung fldng, X i uy toa di cac dia phfldng;
li nOi ddn, dfla can bfi tfl cfic tinh miln xufii
ldn cdn c i dia Vigt Ble v i ngUdc lgi; Id ndi
bd tri ndi dn, nghi v i bao vd edc ddng chf
phi^ trdch phong trio cde dja phfldng vl
bao cdo vdi Trung fldng v i Xfl uy; ddn tidp
cac ddng chf bj dd qufic giam gifl trong cflc
nhd lao trdn thoat vl vdi Dang, vfii dfln; Id
ndi Trung fldng, Xfl uy md nhilu Idp h u l n
luydn ehfnh trj, qufin sM cho cfln b? cfic tinh
ding bing Ble Bd. Dl ATK2 hoin thinh
nhidm vy n$ng n l v i r i t quan trpng nfii
trdn, Trung Udng quydt djnh thinh Up Ban
can afl ATK, do ddng chf Ngd Thd Son - X i
uy vidn X i uy Ble Ky, 1dm Trfldng ban.

"Ti ngdy dUpc chgn lim ndi xfly dyng
ATK2, hai huydn P h i Binh vd Phd Yin d i
to ra Xing dang vdi si^ tin cdy cia Trung

fldng v i cua Xfl uy, gii ^ n an toin cho cd
quan Unh dgo cao nhdt cua Dkng cho ddn
ngiy Cflch mgng Thing Tfim nflm 1945
thinh cfing" (6).
Phong trio cflch mgng phfit triln, li^
Iflpng qudn du kfch tdng nhanh vd sd
Iflpng, ddi hdi C i u qude qufln phai dupe td
chic, quIn ly ch^t chfl hdn. Dupc si^ chi dgo
cia Trung Udng Dang, ngdy 15-2-1944, ll
thinh U P Dd tam trung ddi Ciu qude qufin
d i dflpc td chic trpng thd tgi ritng Khudi
K)ch (Sdn Dfldng - Tuydn Quang). T i mdt
trung ddi vdi 47 cdn bd, chidn sy hogt ddng
trin mdt dja bin nho bgp ciia huydn Vfi
Nhai (Thfii Nguydn), Ciu qude qufin da phdt
triln thinh hai trung ddi vii hdng trflm ddi
vidn, hogt ddng trdn dja bdn rdng ldn thudc
cdc huydn: V6 Nhai, £Hnh Ca, Dgi TH, Djnh
Hfia, P h i Lfldng (Thfii NguySn). Bic Son.
Bhih Gia, Trdng Djnh G-ang Son), Ydn Thi,
Hflu Limg (Ble Giang), Sdn Dfldng, C^dm
Hda (Tuydn Quan^ v i Chp Ddn (Bic Kgn).
SM trfldng thinh nhanh chdng cCUig nhflng
thing Ipi to lfin m i Ciu qude qufln d i giinh
dflpc chi!tng td r i n g dfldng loi cdch mgng vi
81^ chi dgo xfly dflng li^c Iflpng vii trang

cung nhfl dd'u tranh vfl trang cia Dang li
hoin toin ding din.
3. Qua vide tlm hilu phong trio diu
tranh du kfch d tinh Thfii Nguydn (giai
dogn 1940-1945) ching ta da thefydflpciruJf
sd dde diim ndi b&t cua phong trio dlii
tranh du kfch ndi dfiy.
Trfldc bdt, phong trio dd'u tranh du kfch
d tinh Thfii NguySn dflpc hbih thinh dUa
trin nking ca sd nkihtg diiu kiin tU nhiin
vd xa h^i thudn lgi. Vj tri dja ly, dilu kidn
tfl nhiln phong p h i nhung rfl't phic tgp
cdng vdi truyin thdng dl'u tranh di^ng nfldc
v i giii nfldc ciia nhfln dfln dja phUdng tao
dilu kidn tdt v i th\(c su la cd sd viing chflc
cbo vide hinh t h i n h mpt phong trio diu
tranh du kfch rdng khIp.


Qu& trlnh hinh thinh phong h-io...
Phong trio dd'u tranh du kfch 6 tinh dilm quan trpng nfla li: Bdn cgnh lUc
Thdi Nguydn Id phong trdo ddu tranh du Iflpng nfing cit l i cdc trung ddi Cflu qude
kich ddu tiin diin ra trin m&t phgm vi qufin I, II, i n tbl nking lUc lUdng vu trang
rang, cd hi^u qua ldn vd dugc Trung uang kkdc cia qudn ching dd dUgc hinh thdnk
Bdng trUc tiip chi dgo, lank dgo. Th.^fc ti, vd dd cing Id nhitng lUc lUgng quan trgng,
ngay tfl trfldc khi t h i n h Up ein efl dja Bic tham gia tr^ic tiip vdo phong trdo ddu
Sdn - Vfi Nhai, Trung fldng Dang ta da cd tranh du kick.
nhiJng ebi dgo vl e h i trfldng, xfic djnh rfi
Ddn cudi nim 1944, cl hlu hit cfic xa
dudng hfldng phfit triln c i a cfic dpi du kfch thudc dja bin boat ddng cia Ciu qude

cung nhfl cia phong trdo dfi'u tranh ndy. qufin ddu dd td chic dfldc cfic trung d^i tfl
Mdt khfic, ngay t i kbi phong trio mdi b i t vd, tidu dpi ti^ vd- Lflc Ifldng ty vd niy dupe
diu nhen nhdm hinh thdnh vd ddc bidt li Ciu qude qufin huln luydn vl chfnh trj vd
nbflng lie phong trdo suy thodi, Trung quan si^ dl 1dm giao thfing lidn lgc, bao vd
fldng Dang v i Xfl uy Ble ky ddu kjp thdi cd sd v i edn bfi cdch mgng, tuydn truyen
dua ra nhflng ehi dgo chidn lUpc, sfich Iflpc cfich mgng, tring trj bpn tay sai phan
nhim vijtc ddy, phdt triln phong trdo, Si^ ddng, td chic quIn chung vio cfic Hpi Ciiu
chi dao c i a Trung fldng Dang tbl bipn ro qude. Dfiy Id ngudn bl aung lflc Iflpng rfing
nhd't qua nhiJng nghi quydt tai cdc Hdi lfin cia Ciu qude quan (7),
nghj cua Ban Chd'p h i n h Trung fldng Un
Tfim lgi, dfldi sU lanh dao cia Trung
thfl 6, 7, 8. Nhieu cfin bd Trung fldng v i Xfl fldng Dang va X i i y Ble Ky, qudn v i ddn
i y da dflde c i ldn cbi dgo, ho trp, thfim chf tinh Thai Nguydn, md lflc lupng Cvhi qude
cbi huy tnJc tidp phong trio nhfl: ddng ehi qufin l i ndng cdt da tiin bdnb eufic dfi'u
Trin Ding Ninh, Hoang Vdn Thu. Hodng tranh du kich chdng dich khung bd hit sflc
Qude Vidt, Dao Vdn Trfldng, Ngd Thd Sdn, oanh lidt vd adi ndi trdn cdn c i dia cfich
' Trin Minh Chfiu... Nhd sfl ehi dgo sat aao mgng cia minh. Cudc ddu tranh diln ra vd
dd mi phong trdo diu tranh du kfch di§n cflng kbdc li^t gian nan bdi thflc dfin Phap
ra trdn dia bdn tinh Thdi Nguyen ludn di kidn quydt thflc hidn cho ky dflpc nhOng
ding hfldng, cd dfldc nhilu thdng ldi.
dm mflu, thu dean t i n khdc eua ching
Nhiing lflc Ifldng du kfch d tinh Thdi nhflng kdt qua cuoi eung thing Ipi vin
Nguyen (Ciiu qufic qufln I, II, III) la li^c thufic vd phfa chfnh nghia, vd phfa cdch
Iflpng du kfch, lflc Iflpng vu trang diu tidn mgng. Danh gid vl phong trdo dd'u tranh
hinh thdnh d Vidt Nam dfi l i mfit trong du kfch v i vl Cflu quoc qudn cl Thdi
nhing nhflng dpi qufin tidn thfin eua Qufln Nguydn ndi ridng, trdn dja bdn Vidt Bic,
dpi Nhfin dan Vipt Nam. Thflc tiSn cdch ndi chung, cd Tdng Bi thfl Ld Duin da vidt:
mgng Vidt Nam thdi ky ndy cbo tbd'y: ddy "Sink ra vd ldn ddn lin trong phong trdo
ehfnh Id nhiing lflc Iflpng vu trang diu tiSn cdck mgng rgng ldn cia qudn ching, cdc
dflpc hinh thdnh, duy tri vd phdt triln dfldi d0i qu&n Ciu qude vd gidi phong md thanh

su chi dgo trflc tidp ciia Trung fldng Ding tki vUdt xa so qu&n cdng nkU quy md
va X i uy Bfie Ky.
nkitng tr&n chiin ddu eua nd, dd gop phdn
•Rm hidu vd phong trdo dl'u tranh du rdt quan trgng tgo ra cao trdo citu nude cia
kfch d tinh Thai Nguydn (giai dogn 1940- qudn eking ti 1941 din 1945" (8).
(Xem tiip trang 64)
1945) ching ta edn nhdn thdy mdt d^c


Nghien cdu - Trao doi

s d HUU DAT DAI TRONC QUA TRINH D 6 I M O I 0 VlfeT NAM

Uch suf, hien trang va giai pliap
O <;S. NGUYfiN VAN KHANH, TS. NGUY£N VAN SLfU
Truimg Dai hgc Khoa hoc Xa hdi vd Nhdn vdn - Dui hgc Qud'c gia Hd Ndi
^"^r^iet
Nam vd nhieu qudc gia tren the gidi, ddt dai tif Idu dd Id mot
m m van de cd y nghia kinh te, chinh tri vd xd hot ddc biet sau sdc. Viec
\ ^ ^ gidi quyel bdi todn sd hUu, qudn ly vd su dung dat nhu the ndo co
tdc dgng quan trgng den phdt trien kinh te, bdo ddm cong bdng xd hoi vd su
Idnh dao ben vvcng cua Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam. Bdi viet ndy phdn tich mot
so vdn de mdu chdt lien quan den lich su, hien trang sd hint ddt dai, qua dd
neu len mot sd vdn de ddt ra vd quan diem gidi quyet trong bdi cdnh nudc
ta day manh su nghiep cong nghiep hoa, do thi hoa vd hoi nhdp qudc te.

Lich siir va hien trang van
de sd huru dat dai d Viet Nam
Nam 1988. Luat Ddt dai
ddu tidn duge ban hanh, tao ndn

hinh hai ciia mdt chd' dd sd hiiu
dd't dai mdi d Vidt Nam, vdi ba
loai quydn co ban ve da't dai:
Quyen sd hihi, quyen qudn ly,
quyen sddung. Tuy nhien, Luat
Da't dai nam 1988 chua hodn
chinh, nen thudng xuyen dugc
siia ddi va ban hdnh mdi. Sgi chi
dd xuydn sudt qua trinh nay Id
su tidp tuc hoan thidn chd dd sd
hiiu dd't dai da dugc trinh bdy
trong Hid'n phdp nam 1980 vd
Ludt Ddt dai ndm 1988, dd Id
chd dd sd hiiu toan ddn vd dd't
dai vdi mdt cd'u tnic gdm ba loai
quydn co ban nhu da ndi d trdn.

Tiiy nhidn, cung chfnh trong qiia
trinh nay, mdu thudn lidn quan
dd'n dd't dai da nay sinh d nhidu
nai, nha't la d khu vuc ndng thdn
va ven dd, vdi nhiing hinh Ihiic
va miic dd khac nhau. Cdc y
kien tranh luan giiia cdc nha
nghidn eiiu vd hoach djnh chfnh
sach didn ra xung quanh vdn dd
mdu ehd't Id ddt dai d Viet Nam
dugc tie'p cdn vd giai quyd't nhu
thd nao trdn ba khia canh quydn
sd him, quydn quan ly va quydn

sd dung. Nhin chung, dii cd
nhiing quan didm khac nhau, hd
thdng luat phdp ciia nhd nudc vd
da't dai d Vidt Nam vdn nhdt
qudn khdng dinh chd dd sd hiiu
toan ddn vd ddt dai, vdi ba loai
quydn co ban, dugc edu tnic
thanh hai Idp sd hiiu.

Qua tnnh hoan thidn chd dd
sd hiiu ddt dai ndi ridng va ddi
mdi chinh sdeh, phap ludt vd ddt
dai ndi chung da cd nhiing tac
dgng tich cue nhieu mat den
phat trien ndn kinh td ddt nudc.

Vdy ba loai quydn co ban
vd ddt dai d Vidt Nam cd y
nghia gi dd'i vdi nha nudc va xa
hdi? Ve quydn sd hiiu, hd thdng
phdp ludt ciia nha nudc trong
nhidu nam qua ludn nhdt quan

18

Tai nguyen va M6i trudng | Ky 2 - Thang a/Z012

khang dinh chu thd sd hiiu duy
nha't ddi vdi toan bd ddt dai d
Vidt Nam la "todn ddn " nhu da

thdy trong Hidn phap cac nam
1980, 1992 va trong Ludt Ddt
dai cdc nam 1988, 1993 va
2003. Didu ndy khang dinh cho
ddn thdi didm hidn tai, chinh
sdeh vd ludt phap cua nha nudc
vd da't dai d Vidt Nam tir khi ddi
mdi khdng thiia nhdn "s^hffu tu
nhdn " hay "tu huu " vd rudng
da't hay ddt dai ndi chung.
Quydn quan ly dd't dai
thudc vd nha nudc. Ndi each
khdc, nha nudc cd trdch nhidm
quan ly vd mat nha nudc vide sit
dung, giao djch, chuydn ddi vd
thu hdi quydn sir dung ddt.
Trong khi khfa canh sd hihi va
sd dung dd't dai da dugc phdn
tfch va thao ludn nhidu thi vdn
dd quan ly lai chua dugc ehii ^
mot cdch diing mirc, dii trong
qua trinh ddi mdi chfnh sach
dd't dai, ciing vdi cac qua trinh
cdng nghidp hod va dd thj hoa.


chting ta da chung kid'n nhidu
sai pham trong quan ly dat
{nhat Id ddl ndng nghiep) d
nhidu noi, ddn dd'n cdc phan

dng cua ndng ddn va du ludn
xa hdi.
Quyen sir dung dugc giao
cho cac thuc thd khdc nhau
ndm giii, bao gdm ca nhdn, cdc
hd gia dinh vd cdc td ehiic
chinh trj-xa hdi. Quydn sir dung
dd't cGng dugc xdc Idp trdn
nhidu loai dd't khdc nhau.

rach rdi giiia quyen si^ dung
Hai Id, quan trgng ban, la
(dd Id Idu ddi) vd quyen sd cdn phan djnh rach rdi ranh
hint trong hd thd'ng phap luat gidi giGa ba loai quydn vd ddt
ciia nha nudc vd da't dai; va dai hien nay trong he thd'ng luat
quan trgng ban Id luat phdp phdp, dac biet la trong Ludt Ddt
cua nha nudc chua cdng nhdn dai, vd trdn co sd dd, xem xet
mdt cdch dung miic quydn tai cdng nhan quyen tdi sdn cd
san cd nhdn cua cdc chu thd nhdn ciia ede thuc thd xa hdi
ndm giii quydn sd dung ddt cho phu hgp vdi thuc tidn xa
ndng nghidp.
hdi dang vdn ddng trong bdi
Trdn eo sd dd, chiing tdi de canh Vidt Nam xdy dung mdt
xudt mdt sd quan didm cdn ndn kinh td thj trudng dfnh
dugc xem xet trong qua trinh hudng xa hdi chu nghTa. Ve
sua ddi luat phap vd dd't dai va didm nay, mdt sd nha khoa hgc
Mot sd van de dang dat ra
thuc hien chfnh sdeh dd't dai cung dua ra nhirng nhan djnh
va hudng giai quyet
nhu sau: Mgl Id, dd tridn khai tuong tu, ching han chinh sach

Ben canh thanh tuu md chfnh sach da't dai ed hidu qua,
da't dai duong dai chua phdn
rdng quydn sir dung va chuydn cdn tid'p tuc va nhanh chdng
bidt dugc ''quyen sd hUu" va
nhugng da't, chd dd sd hiiu dd't xdy dung bg mdy chinh quyen
"quyen s^ dung" trong thuc te
dai d Viet Nam hidn nay cdn CO sd trong sach vd vitng manh,
hay ehua giai quydt dugc mdi
chda dung mdt sd tdn tai trong trong do co nhitng cdn bg dugc
quan he giiia quydn sd hiiu vd
hd thdng phdp ludt vd sd hiiu ddo tao ve ehuyen mdn co
quydn sii dung ea vd ly luan ldn
da't, dac bidt la trong qua trinh phdm chdl chinh tri td't vd du
thuc tidn.
thue hidn chfnh sach ddt dai. ndng luc thuc Men cdng tdc
Chiing tdi mudn dac bidt
Thii nha't, la van de thuc hidn ndy. Thuc td eho thdy, sai pham
nhdn manh dd'n van de thii hai,
chinh sach qudn ly dd't dai. Cd trong quan ly da't dai trdn pham
vi nhin chung, Luat Ddt dai cua
the ndi cdng tae thuc hidn vi ca nude cd mdi lien he mat
Viet Nam tiir khi ddi mdi da coi
chfnh sach ddt dai va quan ly thidt vdi ddi ngii can bg dja
hay it nhdt quan nidm ring
nhd nudc vd ddt dai cdn nhieu phuong. Hang loat eac sai
quydn s\i dung ddt la mdt loai
yd'u kem, thdm ehi sai sdt, nhdt pham trong quan ly da't dai dudi
tai san dugc nha nudc giao cho
la d cdp ca sd. Cac hanh vi cac hinh thiic nhu tham nhung
cdc ea nhdn, hd gia dinh hoac

khidu kidn cua ngudi dan vd ddt ddt; ban, cdp va cho thud quydn
td chiic chfnh tri - xa hdi vdi
dai trong nhidu ndm chidm tdi sii dung dat sai thdm quydn; ldn
nhffng didu kidn nhdt dinh.
70% tdng sd cac vu khid'u kidn chidm dat dai; va cac sai pham
Nhung mdc dd cdng nhdn
d ndng thdn, trong dd cd nhidu trong chuydn ddi vd thu hdi
quydn sd dung ddt nhu mdt
vu trd thanh cdc "diem ndng" quydn sit dung ddt da ddn tdi
dang tai san ed nhan, hay coi
kdo dai. d nhidu dia phuong, phan ling cua xa hdi trong
vide ndm quydn sir dung ddt
nhung biic xuc vd dd't dai khdng nhiing ndm qua mdt phdn cd
nhu mdt hinh thiic sd h&u
dugc giai quydt thda ddng ddn nguydn nhan quan trgng tii
quydn sd dung ddt, cdn chua
tdi nhiing phan iing cua ngudi cdc sai pham cua ddi ngu
dugc xdc djnh ro d mdt mdc dd
ddn, thdm chf ddi khi cdn ddn cdn bd dja phuong. Vi thd', vide
cdn thidt, dd chinh sach ddt dai
dd'n hanh vi bao luc va cdng xdy dung mdt ddi ngu can
cd thd vdn hanh trong thuc tidn
khai thach thiic chinh quydn bd cdp CO sd cd nang luc cao
theo md hinh mdt nha nudc
dja phuong, anh hudng khdng vd ph^m chdt chinh trj tdt se cd
tac ddng dac biet quan trgng phap quydn vd theo co chd va
nhd tdi an ninh ndng thdn.
ddn vide trien khai mdt edeh cdc quy ludt eua ndn kinh td thi
Thii hai^ hidn nay hd thdng hieu qua chfnh sdeh dd't dai eua trudng ma Vidt Nam dang xdy
dung vd phat trien. Chfnh vi

phdp ludt ciia nha nudc hidn nha nudc.
thd, chinh sack vd lugt phdp
vdn chua ed mdt sU phdn bidt
Tai n g u y § n y g Moi t r u d n g | Ky 2-Thang

ft/2012

^Q


cua nhd nudc ve dd't dai nen
cong nhdn quyen sd dung dd't
nhu ingi loai tdi sdn cd nhdn d
mdt miic dd manh me ban. Dd
Idm dugc vide ndy, hd thd'ng
phdp luat vd da't dai phai 1dm ro
dugc ranh gic'fi giiia quyen sd
hiTu vd qityen sddung, phdi xdc
dinh ranh gidi ciia quydn sd
hiiu va quydn sd dung.
Theo chiing tdi, nd'u xdt vd
cd'u tnic vd quan hd dd't dai
trong xa hdi Vidt Nam truydn
thd'ng va hien dai thi vin dc tai
san ca nhdn trong dd't ndng
nghidp Id rdt quan irgng, vi dd't
ndng nghidp tCr Idu da Id mdt
loai tu Iidu san xud't vd mdt thii
hdng hda dac bidt. Vide khdng
cdng nhan dung mdc tdi san cd

nhdn trong sir dung dd't dai ddn
dd'n nhidu khd khan va mdu
thudn trong vide thuc hien
chfnh sach ddt dai. Ndi mdt
each cu thd, quydn su dung dat
dii da dugc md rdng hon song
ngudi dan vdn chua trd thanh
ngudi sd hiiu thuc su ddi vdi tdi
nguydn ddt dai. Hdu qua la d
nhidu dja phuang, nhtmg ngudi
ddn cd quydn su dung dd't hgp
phap bj thu hdi da bdt ddng vdi
chfnh sach ddn bil khdng hgp
ly, lam gia tang khidu kidn,
tham chf mdt sd trudng hgp da
ddn den nhiing hanh ddng
chd'ng ddi trdi phdp ludt.
Dd'i vdi cac td chiic, vi nhu
cae cdng ty, thi quydn s& dung
dd't vdn cdn han chd, khidn cho
vide cd phdn hda doanh nghidp
ndng nghidp nha nudc hidn
dang gap nhidu vudng mdc,
nhdt la trong vdn dd quye't dinh
gia trj quydn sii dung ddt ndng
nghiep. Ddy la chua kd dd'n vide
chua cdng nhan dung mirc tai
20

san cd nhdn trong quydn sir

dung ddt, ndn cdn bd nhd nudc
d nhidu noi da Igi dung ehde
quydn dd tham nhiing ddi dai.
d cdp dd vT md, Vidt Nam
da cdng nhdn nhidu thdnh phdn
kinh td khdc nhau tao nCn mdt
nen kinh iC nhieu thdnh phdn
theo dinh hUdng sd hdi chti
nghia. DT nhidn, cdc thdnh phdn
kinh td ndy cdn phai tdn tai trdn
CO sd hay ndn tang ciia ede hinh
thiic sd hiiu tucflig iing vd tu
lieu san xudt. Nhung dudng
nhu phdp ludt hidn hdnh mdi
dtmg lai d su cdng nhdn ddi vdi
cdc hinh thiic sd biin khdc nhau
vd tu Iidu san xud't ndm ngoai
ngudn luc ddt dai.
Ba Id, ridng ddi vdi ddt
ndng nghidp, cd le da den luc
Dang va Nha nude ta cdn bd
ban didn vd mat thdi gian va ndi
rdng ban didn vd mat khdng
gian. Nha nudc ndn quydt djnh
giao Idu ddi quydn su dung ddt
cho ngudi san xudt ndng nghidp
va khdng ndn ban chd quy md
ndm giii quydn sir dung dd't
trong khudn khd nhu da vd
dang thuc hidn theo qui djnh.

Vide giao Idu dai quydn sir
dung ddt ndng nghiep se khdng
chi gdp phdn lam eho ngudi
lam ndng nghidp yen tdm san
xud't, ddu tu vao ndng nghidp,
ma cdn dam bao quydn tai san
ca nhdn cua ehu thd ndm giii
quyen sd dung. Trong khi dd,
vide md rdng ban didn tao didu
kidn cho vide dp dung khoa
hgc ky thudt, md rdng quy md
san xud't ndng nghidp theo
hudng hien dai hda vd san xud't
hang hda.
Bdn Id, trong qua trinh thuc
hidn chfnh sdeh thu hdi quydn

Tai nguy§n vd Mdi truong | Ky2-Thiinflft/2D12

sir dung dd't, nhd't la quydn si
dung dd't ndng nghidp, Nhi
nudc phai dam bao quydn ta
sdn cd nhdn trong quydn si
dung da't bang edeh han cht
hinh thifc ihu hSi bdt huge vi
gia tdng hinh thdc thu hoi li
nguyin. Chi ndn dp dung hinl
thi?c thu hdi bdt budc ddi vd
cdc trudng hop thu hdi quydr
su dung ddt dd phuc vu cdc muc

dfch an ninh qud'c phdng ha)
cac du dn cd f nghia kinh td chfnh tri, hoac an ninh-qudc
phdng ddc bidt quan trgng. Con
vdi cac muc dfch kinh te va
thuong mai thi cdn phai ap
dung hinh thdc thu hdi tu
nguydn mdt cdch minh bach va
cdng bang.
Ndm la, cdng tdc quy
hoach, quan ly va sii dung Ml
ciia Nha nudc va ciia cac t^
chiic chfnh trj - xa hdi d ca cdp
vT md va vi md cdn phai dupc
cha'n chinh mdt cdch nghifim
tuc dd dat hidu qua kinh te va
tfnh bdn viing cao hem. Nha
nudc cdn cd hdnh ddng^dn
quyd't va manh me hon, cu th^
la cdn tidn hanh ra sodt, ddnh
gia va phdn loai cac du an da
thu hdi, ddc bidt Id cdc.duan
thu hdi vdi quy m6 ldn. Ndu
nhiing du an dd't khdng>jiu
dung hode six dung khdng hidu
qua thi cdn phai sdm thu Jl^i
lai quydn sii dung da't dd.giao
hoac giao lai cho nhflng.ngi|&i
san xudt ndng nghidfl
nguyen vgng va kha nang
dung da't ndng nghidp,

khai thdc td'i da thd manh^
cdc viing chau thd vd ddt|
nhan luc dd phdt tridn^
nghidp. •