TÌM HIỂU MỐI QUAN HỆ CHÍNH TRỊ NGOẠI GIAO GIỮA VIỆT NAM VÀ MIANMA TỪ 1975

TIM HIEU MOI OUAN HE CHINH TRI-NCOAI GIAO
GIUA VIET NAM VA MIANMA TlT NAM 1975 DEN NAY

D A O T U A N THANH'

NGUYfiN THI NGOC B I C H "

V

iflt Nam vfi Mianma (1) lfi hai qud'c
gia Dflng Nam A luc dia cd nhieu
diim tQdng dong trong lich sQ phfit triin
eua moi dfin tfic (2). TQ sau Chifih tranh
thfi gidi thQ Hai, Vifit Nam vfi Mianma da
tich cQc ung hp nhau trong cufic dfi'u tranh
chd'ng chu nghia thQe dan vi n i n dfic Ifip, tU
do cua moi nUde. Mfi'i quan he truyen tho'ng
va hQu nghi giQa Viet Nam vfi Mianma da
dupc cfic lanh tu cua phong trfio giai phong
dan tpc dfit n^n mdng vfi vun dap. Sau khi
Vifit Nam hofin thfinh sU nghifip tho'ng
nhfi't dfi't nUdc, viflc hai nUde chinh thQc
nang cfi'p quan hfl ngoai giao tQ Tong Lanh
sQ Ifln cfi'p Dai sQ vfio ngfiy 28 thang 5 nfim
1975 da thuc sU tao ra dpng lUc radi thuc
diy quan hd ehinh tri-ngoai giao giQa Vifit
Nam vfi Mianma. Trong thfip nien cuoi
cQng eua thfi^ ky XX vfi nhQng nfim d i u the'
ky XXI, mdi quan he chinh tri-ngoai giao
giQa Viflt Nam vfi Mianma da cd nhQng
budc tifih trien quan trpng, trong boi canh

hai nude cQng phfi'n dfi'u hdi nhfip tofin didn
vfio ngdi nhfi ehung ASEAN. Bai vifit nay
nhfim tim hieu v^ moi quan hfl chinh tri-

ngoai giao giQa Viflt Nam vfi Mianma tQ
nfim 1975 den nay, vdi ba vfin de cd ban
sau:
Thit nhdt, nhQng cd ed cua mfli quan hfi
chinh tri-ngoai giao giQa Vifit Nam vfi
Mianma;
Thii hai, nhQng thfinh tQu chu yfl'u cua
mfii quan hfi chinh tri - ngoai giao giQa hai
nUdc trong g i n 4 thfip nien;
Thit ba, tri^n vpng cua mfii quan hfi
chinh tri-ngoai giao giQa Viflt Nam vfi
Mianma trong thdi gian tdi.
I. Nhitng c0 sd cua mdi quan hi
chinh tri-ngoai giao giiia Viet Nam vd
Mianma tit 1975 den nay
Moi quan bfi chinh tri-ngoai giao giQa
Viet Nam vfi Mianma dupe xfiy dUng vfi
phfit trien dua tren nhieu cd sd nhU lich sQ,
vfin hda, dia-ehinh tri..., song theo ehung
toi, trong nhiing cd sd dd, ca sd lich s^ giQ
vi tri trung tdm, quan trgng hdng ddu.
Mfii quan he truyfin thfl'ng vfi hQu nghi
giQa Viet Nam vfi Mifi'rt Difln/Mianraa da
dupe eac lanh tu cua phong trfio giai phdng

*PGS.TS. Khoa Lich sd - TrUdng Dai hpc Su pham Hfi Nfii

" Khoa Lich sQ - Trudng Dai hpc Su ph?m Hfi Nfii


44
dfin tfic hai nude dfit n^n mdng vfi vun d i p
cQng vdi thdi gian. Sau nfim 1945, Vifit
Nam vfi Mianma dfi a i t c i n h bfin nhau
trong cufic dfi'u tranh chtfng chu nghla thQc
dfin, ung hfi l i n nhau trong nhQng nfim
thfing gian khd vi nfin dfic Ifip, tQ do cua
mdi dfin tfic. Trong bQc difin gQi dng Aung
San, Phd Chu tich Chinh phu nudc Difih
Difin (3) ngfiy 27 thfing 1 nfim 1947, Chu
tjch Hd Chf Minh dfi vi^t: "ChQng tfli bfi't
sQc cim dfing vi nhQng tinh c i m cua ngfii
doi vdi dfin tfic Vifit Nam. Thay m^t dfin tfic
vfi Chfnh phu Vi^t Nam, vfi rifing tfii, tfli
xin nhifit Ufit cam dn ngfii vfi nhQng vific
ngfii da lfim vfi se lfim d l giup cho si^ dfi'u
tranh gifinh tu do eua nUde Vifit Nam. Tfii
xin gOi ngfii ldi chfio thfin i i " (4).
Ngfiy 4 thfing 1 nfim 1948, trong bQc
dien gdi T^ng thong Lifln bang Mifin Difin,
Chu tieh Ho Chi Minh da vi^t: "Nhan Ngfiy
Dfic Ifip eua Lien bang Mien Difin, thay mfit
Chinh phu vfi nhan dan Viet Nam vfi nhfin
danh ca nhfin, tdi ban hsinb gQi Tong thong
ldi chfio nhiet liet vfi chuc mQng chan
thfinh Mien Dien hoa binh va phon vinh
cua chung tdi. Nhfin dip nfiy, chQng tfii xin

bfiy td tinh cam bid't dn ve sQ ung hfi tinh
t h i n kien djnh ddi vdi cufic dfi'u tranh eua
chung tdi" (5).
Theo chQng tdi, vdi t i m nhin xa trong
rdng cua minh, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da
sdm cd chu trQdng tranh thu rfing rai sQ
ung hfi cua nhan dan tifl'n bfi tren thfl" gidi
ndi chung vfi chfiu A ndi rieng trong cufic
dfi'u tranh vi nfin dfic Ifip, tit do cua dfin tflc
Vifit Nam. Quan dilm nfiy da dUpe Chu
tjch Hfi Chi Minh khfing dinh trong bfii tra
ldi phdng vfi'n cua nhfi bao A. Steele, phdng
vien Bao New York Herald Tribune nfim
1949. Khi dupc hdi "Ve" nguyfln tic, Ci;i cfl
tan thfinh f kien thfinh Ifip kbfli hen hipp
hay dong minh giQa cfic nUdc chfiu A

Rghito CQTI Ljch sQ. sfl 1.8013
khflng? Nfi'u c6 thi theo dudng 161 nfior (6).
Chu tjch Hfi Chf Minh dfi tra ldi r i n g "Bfi't
cQ sQ lifin hpp hay dong minh nfio nhim
mi,ic dich lfim cho cfic nUdc giQp dd lin
nhau vfi cfing t i c thfin thifin vdi nhau di
b i o vfi dfic Ifip, hda binh vfi dfin chu dfiu Ifi
td't ca" (7). Cd t h i coi dfiy lfi nguyfin tic/kim
chl nam dfin dUdng cho Vidt Nam tfing
cudng sQ dofin kfi't vdi Mifi'n Difin trong cufic
d i u tranh chfi'ng chu nghia thQc dfin cQ,
tuy mdi nUdc cd mfit hofin canh ci^ thi, ke
thQ vfi phQdng thQc dfi'u tranh khfic nhau.

Vfi cd lfi, theo chung tdi, quan dilm cua
Chu tjch Hfi Chf Minh vfi sQ dofin ke't giQa
cac dfin tpc chau A vl sU thjnh vUpng ehung
cdn rfi't cd f nghia soi dudng cho Vifit Nam
hfii nhfip sfiu rdng vfi d i y du vfio ngfli nhfi
chung ASEAN tQ sau nfim 1995.
S Q ung hfi vfi dofin kfit vdi nhfin din
Mifih Difin lfi quan dilm nhfi't qufin ciia
Chinh phu nUdc Vifit Nam Dfin chu Cflng
hda. Trong bQc difin gOi Ngfii Thu tUdng
Thakm Nu vfio t h i n g 12 nfim 1949 nhfin
djp ky nidm Ngfiy Dflc Ifip cua Mi^n Difin,
Chu tich Ho Chf Minh khfing dinh: "...
chiing tfli xin bfiy td long biet dn anh em
Mifi'n Difin vfi sU dofin k^t hQu nghi vdi
cufic dfi'u t r a n h cua chung tdi gifinh dfic l§p
dfin tfic. Chung tfli ki nifim Ngfiy Ddc Ifip
cua Mi^n Difin nhQ cua chinh chQng tfii vfi
k h i n g dinh quan hfi anh em giQa nhan dfin
hai nudc chQng ta ngfiy cfing dUpc tfing
cudng vfi chfit che" (8).
Mpt trong nhiJng b i l u hien sinh dpng
cua tinh dofin k^t, hQu nghi cua nhfin dfin
Vifit Nam vfi Mifi'n Difin lfi cfic chuyfi'n thfim
vieng Ifin n h a u cua lanh dao cfi'p cao hai
nudc. Trong bfii phfit b i l u ngfiy 29 thfing 11
nfim 1954, chfio mQng Thu tQdng Miin
Difln U Nu thfim chinh thQc nUdc ta, Chu
tjch Ho Chf Mmh da bfiy td sU p h i n khdi
cua nhan dfin Vifit Nam, Ngudi ndi: 'Tfii

Tim hieu mfli quan h& ehinh hi...
rfi't vui mQng thay mfit nhan dfin Vifit Nam
vfi Chfnh phu nQde Vifit Nam Dfin chu
Cfing hda hoan nghfinh Thu tudng vfi bfi
Thu tudng, hoan nghdnh cfic vi giup vific
cua Thu tudng. Mfit t h i n g trUdc day, chung
tfli dupc ddn tiep Thu tUdng Neru, lanh ty
An Dfi. Hfim nay chQng toi dUpe ddn tifi'p
Thu tudng, lanh tu Mifl'n Difin. ChQng tdi
liy lfim vinh hanh hai vi lanh tu cua hai
nUde anh em l i n lUpt dfi'n t h i m Vifit Nam
chung tdi. Dieu dd cd mfit y nghia lich sQ
r i t quan trpng: nd chQng to tinh hQu nghi
giQa cfic dfin tflc chQng ta ngfiy cfing thfin
mftt vfi iQc lupng hda binh Dfing Nam A
ngfiy cfing phat triin vfi cung cfi". Trong
nhQng ngay khfing ehie'n gian kho d l gifinh
dfic Ifip, ti^ do, nhfin dfin Vifit Nam dQpc
nhan dfin Difin Difin thfit thfi dfing tinh vfi
ung hp. ChQng tfii muon nhan dip nfiy td ldi
cam ta Chinh phu vfi nhfin dfin nude ban...
Ve v i n de qufi'c te", nhan dfin va Chinh phu
Vifit Nam Dan chu Cong hda hofin toan tfin
thfinh 5 nguyfin tfic ldn do ba Chinh phu
Trung Hoa, An Dp vfi Dieh Difin da tuyen
hi. ChQng tfii nhfin r i n g do lfi phUdng phap
chic chin n h i t de giQ gin hda binh chau A
vfi hda binh thfl' gidi"(9).

Trong bQc difln mQng Tong tho'ng Mifi'n
Dien U Vin Mdn ngfiy 17 t h i n g 3 nfim
1957, nhan dip dng nhfim chQc Tong tho'ng
Lien bang Mi6i Difin, Chu tich Hd Chi
Minh da k h i n g dinh "... Tfii tin chfic r i n g
tinh hQu nghi san cd giQa hai nUde Viflt
Nam vd Mii'n Biin se ngdy cdng phdt trien"
(10).
De bay td sQ cam dn eua nhfin dfin Viflt
Nam ddi vdi sU ung hd cua nhfin dfin An Dfi
vfi Mifin Difln trong cufic d i u tranh giai
phflng dan tdc, Chu tieh Hfi Chi Minh da
d i n d i u dofin dai bieu cfi'p cao Viflt Nam
thfim hai nUdc anh em. Muc dich cua
chuyfi^n di da dupc Bfic ndi rd eho dong bao

trong bfii phfit bilu ngfiy 4 t h i n g 2 nfim
1958^.t^i san bay Gia Lfim: "Mi?c dich cua
chung tfli lfi t h i t chfit hOn tinh hQu nghj
giQa nude Vifit Nam, An Dfi vfi Mid'n Difin,
dfing thdi d l tfing cUdng tinh dofin kfit giQa
cfic dfin tfic A-Phi, do dd them iQc lUpng giQ
gin hda binh th^gidi" (11).
TQ ngfiy 14 thfing 2 dfi'n ngfiy 17 t h i n g 2
nfim 1958, Chu tich Hfi Chf Minh da d i n
d i u dofin dai bilu cfi'p eao nUdc Vi^t Nam
Dfin chu Cdng hfla thfim chfnh thQe Lien
bang Mifi'n Difin. S Q ddn tifi'p trpng thi mfi
Chinh phu vfi nhfin dan Mifi'n Difin dfinh
cho dofin da vun d i p them tinh hQu nghi

giQa hai dfin tde. Trong cudc hpp bao tai
thu dd Rfingun, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da
khang dinh: "Hai nQde Viet Nam vfi Mifi'n
Difln dfiu lfi nhQng nQde d chfiu A cd nhiiu
diem gio'ng nhau, gfin nhau vfi* vfin hda,
phong tuc tfip qufin, cung nhQ ve dia ly khi
hfiu, tfii nguyfin. Hai nQde chQng ta da trai
qua efie cupc d i u tranh gian khfi chflng
thUe dan, gianh Ifi'y dflc Ifip dfin tflc. Chinh
phu vfi nhfin dfin Mifiii Difin da ung hfi tieh
cQc nhan dan nQde chQng tfii trong IQc
khfing chifl'n vfi da cung vdi An Dfl vfi nhi^u
nQde A - Phi khfic ddng gdp mflt p h i n quan
trpng vfio viflc Ifip lai hda binh d Viet Nam.
Ngfiy nay hai nudc chung ta da ddc Ifip, gan
bd bing tinh t h i n Bfingdung, bing mdi
tinh dofin ket giQa cac dfin tfic A - Phi, hai
dfin tdc Vifit Nam vfi Mifi'n Difln dfiu mong
mufi'n cd mfit nfin hda binh lau dfii de xfiy
dQng mfit cuflc ddi tu do, ft'm no, de kid'n
thie't xQ sd gifiu m^nh" (12). Cung nhfin dip
nfiy, vfio ngfi^ 17 t h i n g 2 nfim 1958,
TrQdng Dai hpc Td'ng hpp Rfingun
(Mianma) da trao tfing bing Tifin si Lufit
hpe danh dQ cho Chu tich Ho Chi Minh.
Trong Tuyen bd" ehung cua Chu tich
nUdc Viflt Nam Dan chu Cdng hda Hd Chi
Minh va Thu tUdng Lifin bang Mifi'n Difln U

Rghiin cQu lich siJr. a01.2013
Nu t?Li Rfingun ngfiy 17 thfing 2 nfim 1958
da nfiu ro: "Chu tich vfi Thu tUdng tin
tudng sfiu sic r i n g trong tinh hinh qufi'c t^
nghiflm trpng nhu thff, hda binh chi ed t h i
giQ gin dQpc trfln cd sd nfim nguyfln t i c
chung so'ng hda binh. Vific fip dyng nhQng
nguyfln t i c nfiy trong quan hfi giQa cfic
nQde sd gdp p h i n trQ bd ldng nghi ky vfi sp
sfit lfi nguon gfi'c cua tinh hinh qudc tfi^ cfing
t h i n g hien nay, vfi sfl tao nfln mpt b i u
khflng khf thufin Ipi, ed sQ tin cfiy l i n nhau
vfi ed thifin chf d l cfic nUde cd t h i giai quy^t
hda binh mpi vfi'n dfi qufl'c tfi^ ldn dang uy
hifl'p hda binh thfl' gidi vfi can trd sU hpp tfic
qud'c te, k l ca vfi'n dfi giam trQ qufin bj"
(13). Trong ban Tuydn bd*chung, Mi^n Difin
cung da ung hfi vide thi hfinh Hifip djnh
Gidnevo ve Ddng DUdng, ung hd viflc thong
nhfi't Viet Nam theo Hiep dinh Gidnevd
(14).
Trong cufic khfing chi^n chd'ng MJ cua
nhfin dfin Vifit Nam, tuy Chfnh phu
Mianma giQ l i p trUdng trung l i p song v i n
ra tuyen bfl^ hai l i n phan dfii de* qud'c Ml
ndm bom d mien Bac vfi rai ehfi't dfic hda
hpc d mien Nam Vi$t Nam. Nhfin dfin
Mianma nhifit tinh ung hfi cufic dfi'u tranh
chinh nghia cua nhan dfin Vipt Nam. Bfio
chi Mianma da dUa tin vfi binh lufin cd Ipi

cho cufic dfi'u tranh vi nfln ddc lip, tQ do
cua dan tdc Viet Nam, ddi MJ nit qufin vfi
thfinh Ifip chinh phu hda hpp dfin tflc (15).
Truyfin thfl'ng hdp t i e , hQu nghj vfi
tUdng trp l i n nhau trong cufic dfi'u tranh vi
nfin dpc Ifip, tu do cua m6i dfin tpc mfi Chu
tich Hfi Chf Minh vfi cic lanh tu Mifi'n
Difin/ Mianma dfit nen mdng, tiep tyc dUpc
vun d i p vfi tfing cUdng trong nhQng nfim
tifi'p theo. Ngay sau khi Vifit Nam hofin
thfinh cudc dfi'u tranh tho'ng nhfi't dfi't nUdc,
ngfiy 28 thfing 5 nfim 1975, Viet Nam vfi
Mianma da nfing cfi'p moi quan hfi tQ quan

hfi Tdng lanh sQ ldn quan hfi ngoai giao cfip
D^i sQ (16). Dfiy thQc sQ lfi mfit bUdc ngofic
trong mfii quan hfi giQa hai quoc gia Dflng
Nam A cd nhilu ndt tUdng dfing vfi vfin hoa
v i t r u y i n thfl'ng ljch sQ. Chfnh quyin
Mianma da cd budc di chu ddng tfing cUdng
quan hfi vdi Vifit Nam thdng qua vific
nhanh chdng ddng cita Tong Lanh sU quan
cua Chfnh quyin Sfii Gdn tai Yangon (17)
vfi sdm cQ Dai sQ thudng tru tai Ha Nfii.
Thu tQdng Mianma Ne Win keu gpi cfing
dfing qufi'c tS' giQp dd Vifit Nam hfin gin vfit
thUdng chifl'n tranh. Trong giai doan diy
khd k h i n nfiy cua Vifit Nam, Chfnh phu vfi
nhfin dfin Minama tifi'p tyc dfinh cho Vifit
Nam sU giQp dd chfin tinh (18).

Nhfin xdt vfi cd sd lich sQ cua moi quan
h§ chfnh tri-ngoai giao giQa Viflt Nam vfi
Mianma, dfit trong tong t h i khu vUc Dfing
Nam A, cd nhfi nghifln cQu da cho ring "...
ve mfit lich sQ, cac nQde Dflng Nam A c6
mfli quan hfl "dfiy md de mfi" tQ thdi/nin
vfin hda Hda Binh
nen vdn hoa cudi
(Hoabinhian pebble Culture), tdi giao lUu
vfin hda thdi cudng quflc PhQ Nam vfi tdi
canh ngfi gio'ng nhau thdi chu nghla thiic
dan. V I mfit lich sQ, sU tUdng ddng, gin
gui, quan he gfin kfi't, nhfi't lfi tQ thdi Hidn
dai (tQ nfim 1945 dfi^n nay) trong khu vi^c,
da trd thfinh thQe t ^ h i e n nhien" (19).
Sy tiiOng dong vi vdn hoa cung lfi mfit cd
sd giQp cho mfli quan hfi hQu nghi vfi
truyin tho'ng giQa Vifit Nam vfi Mien Difin
ed dilu kifin phfit t r i i n cQng vdi thdi gian.
Trong suot chilu dfii phfit t r i i n cua minh,
mdi quflc gia d i u mang nhiing ndt dfic
trUng cua n i n vfin minh ndng nghifip trfing
lua nudc. CQng sinh sd'ng trfln mfit khu vUc
dia 1^, cu dan hai nUdc da sdm sfing tao nen
mpt n i n vfin hda ban dia cd cpi nguon
chung tQ thdi t i i n sQ vfi sd sQ trUdc khi tilp
xuc vdi vfin hda Trung Hoa vfi An Dp. Theo


Tim hieu mfli quan he chlnh trt...

mflt sd' nhfi nghien cQu, cU dfin Vifit Nam,
Mianma ndi riflng vfi Dflng Nam A ndi
chung d i u cd chung mdt n i n tang vfin hda
Nam A, Ifi'y san xufi't ndng nghifip IQa nUdc
lfim phUdng thQc boat dfing kinh te* lfi
chinh (20). NhQng ndt tQdng dfing trong
canh tfic vdi hfi thfl'ng thuy Ipi, nhQng
truydn t h i n thoai, ll hfii, phong tyc tfip
quan, fim nh^c, nghfi thufit,... cua cU dfin
ndng nghifip trong IQa nUdc dfi giup ngUdi
dan hai nUdc dfi hiiu, c6 sy dfing cam vfi
quy trpng l i n nhau.
Bfin c^nh nhQng ed sd trfln, nhgn tidiachink tri cung lfi mfit cd sd quan trpng gin
k^t mfii quan hfi Vifit Nam vfi Mianma
trong nhQng nfim cufli t h i ky XX-diu t h i
ky XXI. Do ca Viet Nam vfi Mianma dfiu
n i m d Dfing Nam A - khu vQc ciu noi giQa
hai khu vQc quan trpng khfic cua chau A lfi
Dfing Bfic A vfi Nam A nen ngay tQ r i t
sdm, ca hai nudc da sdm chju anh hudng
cua nhQng n i n van minh ldn nhU Trung
Hoa vfi An DQ trong qufi trinh phat triin
cua mdi dfin tfic. Thdi Cfin d^i, Dflng Nam
A cung lfi khu vUc tranh gifinh anh hudng
manh me cua cfic cUdng quflc thUe dan
hfing d i u nhu Bo Dao Nha, Tfiy Ban Nha,
Ha Lan, Anh, Phfip vfi My. TQ sau Chifl'n
tranh thfl* gidi thQ Hai, Ddng Nam A eung
la ndi chju sU tac ddng khfi manh me cua
cudc Chien tranh lanh. Trong nhQng nfim

cudi t h i ky XX - d i u t h ^ ky XX, trong bfii
canh chfiu A - Thfii Binh DUdng trd thfinh
diu tfiu cua n i n kinh te" thfi" gidi, vdi sy troi
dfiy cua Trung Qud'c vfi An Dfi thi sU
chuyen hUdng chifl'n lUdc vfi nhilu sU quan
tam hdn dfii vdi khu vyc nfiy cua cfic cudng
qudc hfing d i u thfi^ gidi nhU My, Nga cung
nhu sy bien dflng cua trfit ty khu vyc da
dfit ra khfing ft thfich thQe doi vdi eac qufl'c
gia Ddng Nam A, trong dd cd ca Vifit Nam
vfi Mianma. Sy phfit triin manh me -cua
Hifip hpi cac qufl'c gia Dfing Nam A

47
(ASEAN) tQ sau nfim 1991 den nay da tao
ra cd hfii phat triin mdi cho ca Vifit Nam vfi
Mianma trong ngfii nhfi chung ASEAN,
dfing thdi cung t^o ra nhilu thfich thQc dfii
vdi hai nQde trong qufi trinh hdi nhfip vfi

phfit triin.
2. Nhiing thdnh tUu ChU yiu cda mdi
quan hi chinh tri-ngoai giao giQa Viit
Nam vd Mianma tit ndm 1975 den nay
Trong hdn 35 nfim qua, mfic dQ hofin
canh ljch sQ cua m5i nQde cd nhieu bie^n
dpng ldn, song mfli quan hfl giQa Vifit Nam
vfi Mien Dien v i n khfing ngQng cung cfi* vfi
phfit triin trfin nhilu linh vQc. Sy ung hp
l i n nhau mfit each nhdt qudn vd kiin dinh

v l mfit ehinh tri - ngoai giao da trd thfinh
chd dQa, n i n tang cho viee tfing cUdng sQ
hpp t i e tren nhilu linh vQc khac nhQ kinh
t l , vfin hoa, gifio due, an ninh vfi quflc
phdng.
TQ nfim 1975 d i n nay, viflc lanh dao cfi'p
cao hai nQde duy trt thudng xuyflh cfic
chuyin viing thfim l i n nhau da cho thfiy
sy g i n bd eua mfli quan hfl ehinh tri-ngoai
giao giQa Vifit Nam vfi Mianma, dfic biet
trong bfli canh ca hai nUdc tQng phai gfinh
chiu sQ bao vfiy, cfi'm vfin cua Mi trong mdt
thdi gian kha dfii. Cu t h i , ve phia Vifit
Nam, cd cac chuyen thfim Mianma cua Thu
tQdng Vo Vfin Kifit (thfing 5 nfim 1994,
Ting bi thQ D 5 MQdi (thing 5 nfim 1997),
Thu tQdng Phan Vfin Khai (thfing 5 nfim
2000), ba l i n thfim Mianma cua Thu tUdng
Nguyin Tfi'n Dung (thfing 8 nfim 2007,
thfing 4 nfim 2010 vfi thang 12 nfim 2011),
Chu tich nude TrUdng T i n Sang (thfing 11
nfim 2012). Ve phfa Mianma, k l tQ khi hai
nQde thie't Ifip quan hfi ngoai giao cfi'p Dai
sQ, nhieu nhfi lanh dao cfi'p cao cua
Mianma da sang thfim Viflt Nam nhQ: Thu
tudng Than Shwe thfim chfnh thQc Viflt
Nam (thing 3 nfim 1995), ThShg tQdng


4S

Than Shwe, Chu tjch Hfii d i n g Khfli phyc
Lufit phfip vfi Trfit ty Nhfi nudc (SLORC)
da tham dy Hfli nghj cfi'p cao ASEAN l i n
VI (thing 12 nfim 1998), thfim chinh thQc
Vifit Nam (thfing 3 nfim 2003); Thu tUdng
Khin Nyunt (thfing 8 nfim 2004), Thu
tudng Soe Win (thfing 4 nfim 2005); Thu
tudng Thein Sein (thfing 11 nftm 2007),
chuyin thfim Vifit Nam l i n d i u tifln vdi tU
cfich lfi Td'ng thfl'ng Cfing hofi Lifln bang
Mianma cua Td'ng tho'ng Thein Sein (thing
3 nfim 2012). Cfic chuyin viing thfim cSTp
cao l i n nhau mdt each thUdng xuyen cua
lanh dao hai nUdc khdng chi gfip p h i n tfing
cUdng quan hfi hQu nghj truyin tho'ng mfi
cdn tao cd sd d l thuc diy quan hfi kinh t l .
Minh chQng eho sQ nfing fi'm cua moi
quan hp chfnh tri-ngoai giao giQa Viflt Nam
vfi Mianma trong thfip nien cuoi cQng cua
t h i ki XX dupc t h i hifin khfi rd, thfing qua
cac chuyin thfim viing l i n nhau cua lanh
dao cfi'p eao hai nUde. Mfit trong nhQng
chuyen di dd la chuyin thfim hQu nghi
chinh thQc Lien bang Mianma eua Tong bi
thQ Do MQdi b i t d i u tQ ngfiy 22 t h i n g 5
nfim 1997, Trong cudc hpi dfim chinh thQc
dien ra chifl'u ngfiy 22 thfing 5 vdi Tfl'ng bf
thu Dd Mudi, Tho'ng tudng Than Shwe,
Chu tich Hfli dong Khfli phyc Lufit phfip vfi

Trfit tu Nhfi nudc (SLORC), Thu tUdng
Chinh phu Mianma da k h i n g dinh: "dUdi
sy lanh dao cua SLORC trong vide thUc
hifin myc tidu on dinh dfi't nUdc, dofin k i t
dan tde, xfiy dyng xa hfii fi'm no, hanh phue.
Ve mfit nfiy, nhQng bfii hpc kinh nghipm
cua Vifit Nam lfi rfi't b l fch dfli vdi Mianma"
(21). Chu tjch Than Shwe edn cho ring: "...
cung nhu Viflt Nam, Mianma ehu trUdng
xfiy dyng quan he hQu nghi vdi tfi't ca cac
nQde, nhfi't lfi nhQng nudc lang giing, cac
nUde trong khu vQc, khdng can thiflp vfio
cflng vific nfii bfi cua cac nUdc khfic, hpp tfic
cQng nhau phat trien da't nUdc. Chu tich

Rghjgn cQu Lich sQ. s61.2013
cam dn Ifip trudng cua Vifit Nam ung hfi
Mianma gia nhfip Hifip hdi cac qufi'c gia
Dflng Nam A (ASEAN)" (22). Cdn Ting bf
thu Dd Mudi, sau khi hoan nghenh nhQng
thfinh tyu quan trpng cua nhfin dan
Mianma, dudi sU lanh dao cua SLORC,
trong vific thQc hifin chinh saeh dofin kit,
hofi giai dfin tfic. I n djnh, khfli phyc vfi
phfit t r i i n dfi't nUdc, thUe hifin chinh sfich
dfii ngo^i dfic Ifip, tich eye, md rpng, tranh
thu hpp t i c qufic t l , trong dd cd coi trpng
phfit t r i i n quan hfi hQu nghi vfi hpp tfic
nhilu mfit vdi Vifit Nam, sfin sfing chia s&
kinh nghidm vdi Vi§t Nam, da chi ro:

'Trong nQa thfi' ky qua, n h i t lfi vfio thdi
dilm quan trpng cua lich sQ mdi nUdc;
nhan dan hai nUdc da khflng ngQng ung hfi,
giQp dd l i n nhau trong cfing cupc dfi'u tranh
gifinh dfic Ifip vfi xfiy dyng dfi't nUdc. Nhfin
dan Vifit Nam ludn ghi nhd sQ ung hfi nhifit
tinh vfi giup dd qui bau dd cua nhfin dfin
Mianma" (23).
TQ ngfiy 12 dl'n ngfiy 15 t h i n g 5 nfim
2000, Thu tQdng Chinh phu Vifit Nam
Phan Vfin Khai da thyc hien chuyen thfim
hQu nghi chinh thQc l i n d i u tien tdi Lien
bang Mianma theo ldi mdi cua Thu tQdng,
Thd'ng tQdng Than Shwe. Tai l l ddn chinh
thQc Thu tudng P h a n Vfin Khai, Thu tUdng
Than Shwe cho r i n g , day la mdt sU kifln
quan trpng khong chi danh dfiu budc phat
triin mdi trong quan he hQu nghi truyin
thd'ng vfi hpp t i e nhilu mfit giQa Vi|t Nam
va Mianma mfi cdn rfi't cd y nghaa trong bfi
canh hai nUdc c h u i n hi ky nidm 25 nfim
thifl't Ifip quan hfi ngoai giao (28/5/197528/5/2000). Ve phia minh, Thu tQdng Phan
Vfin Khai k h i n g dinh chinh sach dfli ngo^i
trudc sau nhu mot cua Vifit Nam lfi Uu tifin
phfit trien quan hfi hQu nghj vfi hpp tic
nhifl'u mfit vdi Mianma, ngUdi ban Ifing
gifl'ng g i n gui eua Vifit Nam da tQng gin b6
vdi Viflt Nam trong qua trinh dfi'u tranh

Hm hieu mfii quan he chinh tn..
gianh dpc Ifip dan tpc vfi hpp tfic chfit che
vdi Viet Nam vi sQ phat triin cua mdi nUdc
cung nhu trong cufic dfi'u tranh chong sQ fip
dfit vfi can thifip cua bfin ngoai (24). Dfing
thdi, hai Thu tUdng da nhfi't tri ring, hai
nUdc cin tfing eUdng phdi hdp chfit che vdi
nhau trong cae hoat dpng ddi ngoai n h i m
cung CO doan k i t va thuc dfiy hpp tac eua
cfic nude ASEAN, thyc hifin tot ChUdng
trinh hanh ddng Ha Ndi vfi cfic vfin kifin ky
k i t tai Hdi nghi cfi'p cao chinh thQc ASEAN
l i n thQ 6, ciing nhU cfic vfi'n d l lien quan
din vific thyc hifln cfic dy fin phfit triin
Hfinh lang Dfing - Tiy vfi Tieu vQng sdng
Mficfing. Khfing chi ed vfiy, hai Thu tQdng
edn eho rang sQ phoi hdp thudng xuyen
giQa Viflt Nam va Mianma khflng nhQng
phue vu cho ldi fch cua hai nudc mfi cdn lfi
mpt nhfin to' tich cue dfii vdi sU dofin ket vfi
hpp t i e ASEAN, nhfim nfing cao vi the cua
ASEAN (25).
Ke tQ khi hai nUdc trd thfinh thfinh vien
cua ASEAN (Viet Nam nam 1995 va
Mianma nfim 1997), ben canh moi quan hfi
hpp t i e song phUdng lfi mii hdp tac da
phUdng trong khudn kho ASEAN. Tuyfin bo'
chung Viet Nam - Mianma ngfiy 8 thang 5
nfim 2002 nhfin chuyin thfim chinh thQc
Lifin bang Mianma eua Chii tich nUdc Trin

DQc LUdng theo ldi mdi cua Thfl'ng tUdng
Than Shwe, Chu tich Hoi ddng hoa binh vfi
Phfit trien Quoc gia Lifln bang Mianma tQ
ngfiy 5 din ngay 8 t h i n g 5 nfim 2002 da
khang dinh: "Hai ben nhfit tri sQ cin thiit
tang cudng hpp t i e giQa Viet Nam vfi
Mianma trong khudn khd' ASEAN cung
nhu vdi cac khu vUc khfic nham cung co'
hoa binh, an ninh va thinh vUpng trong
khu vQc va trfln t h i gidi. Hai bfin danh gia
cao vai trd quan trpng cua ASEAN doi vdi
hoa binh, an ninh va phat trien d khu vQc
cung nhu tren the gidi va cho rfing cac nQde
ASEAN can tang cUdng doan ke't vfi hdp tac

49
hdn nQa d l vUpt qua nhQng thich thQc
dang dfit ra hifin nay" (26).
Nfim 2005 lfi nfim hai nQde ky nidm 30
nfim t h i i t Ifip quan hfl ngosti giao nen
chuyin thfim chinh thQc Vi§t Nam cua
Trung tudng Soe Win, Thu tUdng Lifln
bang Mianma theo ldi mdi cua Thu tUdng
Phan Vfin Khai cd f nghia quan trpng. Bfit
d i u tQ thfing 8 nfim 2005, Bfi Ngogi giao
hai nQde da tiin hfinh tham khao chfnh tri
h i n g nfim d cfi'p ThQ trQdng (27).
Diu nftm 2006, Dai sQ Lifln bang
Mianma tai Hfi Ndi da cd bud'i tra ldi phdng
v i n bao Qufic t l . Khi tra ldi cfiu hdi cua

phdng vien v l vific dfinh gia sU hpp tfic Viet
Nam - Mianma k l tQ khi dng dam nhiflm
chQc vu Dai sQ Lien bang Mianma tai Viet
Nam tQ thfing 11 nfim 2003, dng U Tin
Latt eho ring: "Quan hfl hQu nghi truyin
tho'ng vfi hpp t i e tdt dep giQa hai nUde da
dupc tfing cudng manh me trong nhQng
nam gan dfiy, dfic biet trong linh vUc chinh
tri va kinh tl. Hai nUdc thUdng xuyfin trao
dfi'i eac chuyin tham d cfic cfi'p dfi khac
nhau, trong dd chuyen thfim Vifit Nam cua
Thu tudng, Trung tudng Soe Win vfio thfing
4 nftm 2005 la minh chQng sinh dfing cho
quyet tam thue day toan difin moi quan he
ndng fi'm vfi'n cd giQa hai nUde" (28).
TQ nam 2005 den nftm 2009, hai nUdc dfi
tiin hfinh 5 cupe tham khao chinh tri
thudng nifin giQa hai Bfl Ngoai giao (thfing
8 nam 2005 tai Yangon; t h i n g 8 nfim 2006
tai Hfi Nfii; thfing 12 nfim 1997 tai Nay Pyi
Taw; t h i n g 8 nftm 2008 tai Ha Npi, t h i n g 9
nfim 2009 tgi Nay Pyi Taw). Tai cfic eupe
tham khao, Viet Nam va Mianma thudng
thdng bao cho nhau tinh hinh moi nudc,
trao doi y kiln v l nhQng hifin phap nhfim
thuc diy hpp t i c song phQdng, dfic biet la
viec thuc hifln cae thda thufin cfi'p cao (29).
Ngoai cfic chuye'n thfim cua lanh dao cfi'p

cao, Vifit Nam vfi Mianma edn trao dii
nhilu dofin cfi'p bfi trudng, chu nhifim cfic
vfin phdng cua Qufic hfii, Chfnh phu...
nhfim gia tfing hpp tfic vfi trao doi kinh
nghifim v l cfic vfi'n d& lifin quan mfi hai bfin
cQng quan tfim (30).
Vifit Nam cd mfit vj tri quan trpng trong
chfnh sfich dfii ngoai eua Mianma trong
nhQng nfim g i n day. Dilu nfiy t h i hifin d
vific cfic nhfi lanh dgo Mianma d cfi'p cao
nhfi't da tiin hfinh viing thfim Vifit Nam
ngay sau khi nhfim chQc. Chuyin thftm
Vifit Nam cua Thu tQdng Then Sein b i t
d i u tQ ngfiy 9 thfing 11 nftm 2007 ngay sau
khi nhfim chQc Thu tUdng Lifln bang
Mianma da cho thfi'y sQ g i n bd chfit cbfi
trong quan hfi chinh trj-ngogi giao giQa hai
nQde. Trong cudc hdi dfim vdi Thu tUdng
Then Sein, Thu tudng Nguyin Tfi'n Dung
da k h i n g djnh, Viflt Nam ung hd tiin trinh
hda giai vfi hda hpp dfin tfic cua Mianma
vdi sQ tham gia tich cQc cua tfi't ca cac bdn
lien quan, mong cac ben tilp tuc ddi thoai
de giai quyet sQ khac bifit. Dong thdi Thu
tudng Nguyin Tfi'n Dung eung mong mud'n
Chfnh phu Mianma hpp tfic chfit che vdi
Lifln Hpp Quic vfi ASEAN trfln tinh t h i n
xfiy dyng vfi ton trpng l i n nhau d l gdp
phin thue diy tien trinh hda giai, hda hpp
dan tdc phQ hpp vdi Ipi fch lau dfii cua

Mianma vfi khu vuc, vi hda binh, fl'n dinh
vfi phat triin d Ddng Nam A vfi tren t h i
gidi. Trong boi canh Mianma ganh chiu sU
bao vfiy, cfi'm vfin chfit che eua Mi vfi
phUdng Tfiy, sy doan ke't va ung hfi mfit
cfich nhfi't quan mfi Vifit Nam dfinh eho
Mianma lfi rfi't cd y nghia. Cung nhfin dip
nfiy, Thu tUdng Nguyin Tfi'n Dung da nhfi'n
manh Vifit Nam sfin sfing chia se kinh
nghipm trong phfit huy tinh t h i n dai dofin
k i t dan tdc, tfch cQc hfii n h i p de phyc vu
cfing cudc bao vfi, xfiy dQng vfi phfit triin
dfi't nQde, dong thdi k h i n g dinh, tQng lfi

ngn nhfin cua bao vfiy c i m vftn, Vifit Nam
khdng ung hfi vific fip dyng bifin phfip nfiy
vdi Mianma (31).
Chi hdn hai nfim sau chuyin thfim
Mianma l i n d i u tifin vdi vai trd lfi Thu
tudng Chfnh phu Vifit Nam, ngfiy 2 thing 4
nfim 2010, Thu tUdng Chfnh phu Vifit Nam
Nguyin T i n Dung da dSn d i u dofin dgi
bilu cfi'p cao Vifit Nam thfim chfnh thflc
Mianma l i n thQ hai theo ldi mdi cua Thii
tQdng Then Sein. Chuyl'n thftm Mianma
l i n nfiy cua ngUdi dQng d i u Chfnh phu
Vifit Nam da cho t h i y ro sQ g i n bd trong
quan hfi chfnh trj-ngogi giao giQa hai qudc
gia Ddng Nam A lyc dja nfiy. Tai cudc hfii
dfim, Thu tudng Nguyin T i n DQng khflng

chi nflu ro quan dilm cua Vifit Nam ung ho
Mianma thUc hifin "Lfi trinh 7 bUdc vl dan
chu hda", k h u y i n khich Mianma tilp tgc
no lyc hdn d l to chQc tong tuyin cQ cflng
b i n g vfi tu do trong nfim 2010, vi Ipi fch
cua nhfin dan Mianma, gdp p h i n vfio hoa
binh, on dinh, hpp tfic, phfit triin cua khu
vUc mfi cdn khfing dinh Vifit Nam ludn coi
trpng vfi mong mud'n khdng ngQng ph&t
triin mdi quan hfi hQu nghj truyin thing
vfi hpp tfic nhie'u mfit vdi Mianma. Thu
tudng Nguyen Tfi'n Dung cung da dfinh gia
eao quan hfl ehinh tri td't dpp giQa hai nU6c;
di nghj hai hfln tilp tyc tfing cUdng trao doi
cfic chuyin thfim cfi'p cao vfi cfic cfi'p vfi
t r i i n khai tfi't efic cd chl' hpp t i e nhU Uy
ban Hon hpp vfi Tham khao Chinh tri gifla
hai Bfl Ngoai giao (32). Tgi cufic hfii dim,
hai Thu tudng da thao lufin eic bifin ph&p
cy the n h i m md rfing vfi t i n g cUdng hdn
nQa quan hfi hQu nghi vfi hpp tfic nhilu
mfit giQa hai nUde, n h i t lfi nhQng linh vdc
then c h i t nhu, ndng nghifip, trfing cfiy cflng
nghifip, thuy san, ngan hfing-tfii chfnh,
hfing khdng, vien thdng, d i u khf, khai
khoing, san xufi't vfi cung cfi'p t h i i t bj difin,
san xufi't vfi Ifip rfip fl tfl, xfiy dUng vfi h(Jp


Tim men asoi jjuaa ae efliaii irj...

tfic thUdng mai-dau tU. Cd t h i thfi'y, mdi
quan hfl chfnh tri-ngoai giao tfi't d?p giQa
Viflt Nam vfi Mianma trong thfip nien d i u
cua the ky XXI da dfit n i n mdng vQng chic
cho quan h$ kinh t l , dfic bifit trong bfli
canh hai nQde ngfiy cfing hfii nhfip sfiu vfio
Khu vyc mfiu dich ty do ASEAN (AFTA).
Nhan chuyin thfim Mianma l i n thQ hai,
Thu tudng Nguyin TSin DQng da thflng bfio
viec Chfnh phu Viet Nam quyit dinh thfinh
Ifip Hiep hdi cae nhfi d i u tQ Vifit Nam tgi
Mianma gfim cfic doanh nghifip ldn vfi cd uy
tfn cua Viflt Nam quan tam hpp tfic kinh
doanh vfi d i u tQ tgi Mianma. Hai Thu
tudng da danh gia eao cie vftn kifin, thda
thufin, hpp dong hpp tfic giQa cae Bp, ngfinh
va doanh nghiep hai nQde dQpc kf n h i n dip
nay. Thu tQdng Nguyen Tfi'n Dung vfi Thu
tudng Then Sein da n h i t trf thuc diy quan
hfi hpp tac tren cae linh v\ic khie nhQ y te,
du lich, vftn hda, giao due, the thao, giao
thflng dQdng bd; dong thdi nhfi't tri xQc tien
dfim phfin, ky k i t them cie thda thufin hpp
tfic mdi, trong dd cd Hiep dinh miin thi
thuc cho cflng dan mang hfi chilu p h i
thdng cua bai nUde phQ hpp vdi Hi$p dinh
ASEAN ve miin thi thQe cho cflng dfin
mang hp chilu pho thdng. Tuyfin hi chung
giQa Thu tUdng hai nUde ngay 02 thfing 4
nam 2010 ghi nhfin: "hai nUdc khdng chi

gia tftng hdp tfic trong 12 Unh vyc kinh t l ,
ma cdn hpp t i e trong cfic linh vUc chinh tri,
doi ngogi, an ninh quo'c phdng, tgo cd sd
phfip ly thufin ldi eho doanh nghifip hai
nUde tang cudng cfic boat dfing thUdng mai
va d i u tu vfio mdi nQde" (33). Theo danh
gifi cua cfic nha Ngogi giao, chuyen thfim
chinh thQe Mianma t h i n g 4 nfim 2010 cua
Thu tQdng Viflt Nam Nguyen Tfi'n DQng
dvtOc coi lfi "Biidc dot phd trong quan he hai
niidc Viet Nam-Mianma"(34).
Cdn trong
chuyin tham chinh thQc Mianma l i n thQ

ba, ngfiy 21 t h i n g 12 nfim 2011 cua Thu
tQdng Nguyen T i n Dung, theo ldi mdi cua
Ting t h i n g Cfing hda Lien bang Mianma
Thein Sein, sau khi tham dy Hfii nghi
Thupng dinh cie nUdc Tiiu vQng Mficfing
md rfing l i n thQ tU (GMS-4), Vifit Nam vfi
Mianma da dat dUpc sQ ding thufin cao
trong cfic vfi'n d l quan trpng eua khu vQc
nhU: phfii hpp vfi hpp tfic vdi cfic lifln quan
trong vific sQ dung b i n vflng ngudn nUdc
sfing Mficfing; ung hfl viflc thUc hifin nghidm
tuc vfi diy du Tuyfln bd' vl cfich Qng xQ cua
cfic ben d biln Dfing (DOC); p h i n d i u cQng
cfic nQde ASEAN vfi Trung Quoc sdm xfiy
dQng bd Quy t i c Qng xQ tai Biln Dfing
(COC) vi hda binh. I n djnh, an ninh, an

tofin hang hai d khu vQc. Ciing nhan dip
nfiy, phia Mianma dfi cho r i n g Viet Nam lfi
md hinh phat triin t i t mfi Mianma ed t h i
tham khao d l phfit triin, dfinh gia cao uy
tin vfi vai trd cua Vi^t Nam trong khu vQc,
cam dn Vifit Nam da lufin ung hd Mianma
tai cac dien dan khu vUc vfi quoc te, nhfi't lfi
vide Mianma dang cai Chu tich ASEAN
nfim 2014 (35).
Mdt dfi'u mdc quan trpng trong quan hfi
chinh tri-ngogi giao Vi$t Nam - Mianma
trong nam 2012 chinh lfi chuyin thfim Vifit
Nam l i n d i u tien tren cUdng vi Ting thing
Cfing hda Lien bang Mianma cua ngfii
Thein Sein ngay 20 t h i n g 3 nfim 2012 theo
ldi mdi cua Chu tich nUde TrUdng Tfi'n
Sang. Chuyin thfim Viet Nam l i n thQ hai
eua Tong thd'ng Thein Sein dfi cho thfi'y sy
coi trpng Vi^t Nam trong chfnh sfich dfli
ngogi cua Mianma. Tai cufic hfii dfim chfnh
thQc, nguyen thu hai nQde da dgt sQ nhfi't
trf cao trong nhilu vfi'n d l quan trpng,
quyit dinh chieu hUdng phfit triin cua
quan he ehinh tri-ngogi giao giQa hai nUdc
trong thdi gian tdi nhQ: duy tri cfic chuyin
thfim va tilp xuc cfi'p cao; trao dd'i dofin cae


52
cfi'p; duy tri thudng xuydn efic cd c h l hpp

tfic hifin ed nhU tjy ban Hdn hpp v l hpp t i e
song phUdng, t!ly ban Hon hpp v l thUdng
mgi vfi Tham khao chfnh trj giQa hai Bfi
Ngoai giao; thQc diy hpp tfic trong cic linh
vQc kinh t l , an ninh, qufl'c phdng; phfi'n dfi'u
dua kim nggch thUdng mgi hai nUdc len
500 trifiu dfi la Mi vfio nfim 2015 (36).
Trong nhQng nfim cuoi t h i ki XX - d i u
t h i ki XXI, Vifit Nam vfi Mianma khflng chi
tfing cudng vfi diy mgnh cic hoat dfing hpp
t i e song phUdng mfi cdn hpp t i e chfit che
vdi nhau trong ASEAN vfi mfit so diln dfin
hpp tfic khu vyc khfic nhU hpp tfic Tiiu
vQng sdng Mecdng (GMS); Hpp tfic Viet
Nam - Campuchia - Lfto-Mianma (CLMV);
Hpp tfic Hfinh lang Dfing - Tay (EWEC).
Tren cfic dien dan qufl'c t l vfi khu vQc, hai
nUdc lufln dfinh cho nhau sU ung hfl vfi phoi
hpp thudng xuyen. Vifit Nam da ung bfi
manh me Mianma gia nhfip ASEAN vfi
tham gia Di§n dan ASEM. Dang chu y la
nfim 2010, vdi cUdng vi Chu tich ASEAN,
tren cac diln dan quoc te vfi khu vQc, Viet
Nam da ung hfi nhfi't quan vfi mgnh me
Mianma trong viec giai quye't eac vfi'n d l
nfii bp cua minh, khdng cd sQ can thiep eua
ben ngofii, nhfi't la cupe tong tuyen cQ ngfiy
7 thfing 11 nfim 2010 cua Mianma. Nhd sQ
ung hp va vfin dpng tich cyc cua Viet Nam,
ngfiy 18 t h i n g 11 nam 2010, efic thfinh vifln

ASEAN da nhanh ehdng thdng qua "Tuyen
bd'cua ASEAN ve cugc bdu eve ngdy 7 thdng
11 ndm 201ff' cua Mianma do Vipt Nam dU
thao "vdi ngi dung kOp tinh hop ly" (37).
Tuyen bo nfiy cua ASEAN da giup eho
Mianma tranh thu dupe sQ ung hfl rdng rai
cua cdng dong qud'c te dfli vdi cuflc b i u cQ
lich sQ ngay 7 t h i n g 11 nfim 2010.
3. Trien vgng cua mdi quan he chinh
tri
ngoai giao giiia Viet Nam vd
Mianma

_D13
Trong qufi trinh xac djnh chd dQng cua
minh trfln ban do chfnh trj t h i gidi, hoi
nhfip vfi phfit t r i i n , ea Vifit Nam va
Mianma cd n h i l u ndt tUdng ddng mfi chi'nh
chQng se tgo cd sd d l dy dofin rfing trong
nhQng nfim tdi, quan hfi chfnh tri-ngoai
giao giQa hai nUde se tiip tuc phdt triin len
m0t tdm cao mdi, bin chat hon, gan ket han
trong ngdi nhd chung ASEAN. Khi dUa ra
dy dofin trfln, chung tfli dQa trdn nhQng ct)
sd sau:
Thit nhdt, ca Viet Nam vfi Mianma deu
gia nhap ASEAN mufin (Vifit Nam nam
1995, Mianma nfim 1997), cd xufi't phat
dilm phfit t r i i n thlip vfi d i u td ro mong
muon bfli nhfip sau rfing vfio khu vQc va

t h i gidi, nfln d l chia se cho nhau nhflng
kinh nghifim hfii nhfip vfi thQc diy hdp tac
d nhQng Unh vUc mfi moi nUdc cd t h i manh.
Thit hai, ca hai nUdc d i u tQng phai
gfinh chiu sQ bao vfiy, cfi'm vfin eua Mi nfin
de cd sQ dong cam, chia se kinh nghidm
trong qua trinh xQ ly moi quan hfi vdi My eudng qud'c hang dau t h i gidi vfi Lien minh
chau Au. Vifit Nam da trd thfinh eiu n ^ de
Mianma cai thifin quan hfi vdi Lien minh
chau Au nha't lfi khi Viflt Nam dam nhiem
chQc Chu tich ASEAN nfim 2010, nUdc chu
nhfi cua eupe gfip thUdng dinh A-Au
(ASEM). Vipt Nam "lfi mot trong s l i t nUdc
trUdc sau nhU mpt kifln tri chinh sach ung
hp Mianma bao vfi dflc Ifip, chu quyin, toan
vpn Ifinh t h i , hda hpp dfin tfic; khflng tan
thfinh chinh sfich bao vay, cfi'm vfin, trQng
phat kinh t l vdi Mianma" (38).
Thit ba, n l u so sanh vdi moi quan h§
ehinh tri - ngoai giao giQa Viet Nam va
Thai Lan- mpt nUdc Dfing Nam a luc dia
khac, cd nhQng diem tUdng dfing vdi
Mianma (39), chung ta thfi^y mfli quan hfi
chinh tri-ngoai giao giQa Viet Nam va
Mianma cd nhieu diem khac biet, mfi chinh


Tim hieu mfli qunn he chinh hi...
ehung se dinh hudng cho sQ phat triin cua
quan hd giQa Viet Nam va Mianma trong

tUdng lai. Neu nhU quan hfi ehinh tri-ngogi
giao giQa Vifit Nam vdi Thfii Lan cd nhQng
"nit t r i m " trong thfip nien 60-70 cua the ki
XX, khi Thai Lan lfi dong minh thfin cfin
cua Mi trong cufic chiin tranh Vi^t Nam,
thi quan hfi ehinh trj-ngogi giao Vi$t NamMianma lfi mdi quan hfi truyen thing, phfit
trien theo hQdng di Ifin, dUpc cung cIcQng
vdi thdi gian. Theo Dgi SQ Quan Viflt Nam
tgi Cpng hda Lien bang Mianma, "trong cfic
cupc hpp cua uy ban hon hpp hai nUdc;
tham khao chinh tri giQa hai bfi Ngogi giao;
cac cuflc hfii thao giQa quan chQc va doanh
nghidp hai nudc, phia Mianma thudng
nhfi'n mgnh giQa hai nudc cd bon dilm
tUdng dong hiem cd trong cac nUdc Ddng
Nam A: a, Hai nUde deu hi de qufl'c, thUc
dan phUdng Tfiy dfl hfi hdn rapt the ki, deu
dfi'u tranh gian kho vi dpc Ifip dfin tfic bfing
chfnh sQc manh cua dan tpc minh; b, Hai
nUde deu trai qua nhilu nfim hi bao vfiy
cfi'ra vfin tQ bfin ngofii nhUng vfin giQ dUpe
dfic Ifip ty ehu. Viet Nara da vQpt qua khd
khfin nfiy, Mianma dang tQng budc vUdt
qua; e, Hai nude deu cd ne'n vfin hda lua
nude phong phu, dgo Phfit lfi ton giao
chinh. Nhfin dfin hai nQde de'u rfi't quy
trpng dflc Ifip tu do, cin eu lao dpng vfi dflV
cd phong tyc fin "trfiu cau" mang dfim ban
sic dan tfic; d, Hai nudc khflng ton tai bfi't
ky xung dflt nfio ve bifln gidi, lanh tho, hie'n

dao, an ninh qud'c phdng vfi an ninh kinh
tl" (40).
VI phia Mianma, ke tQ khi hai nQde
thie't Ifip quan hfl ngoai giao, Chfnh phu
Mianma lufln t h i hifln quan diem nhfi't
quan khi ung hfi Viet Nam khdng chi trong
nhQng nftm t h i n g dfi'u tranh gian khd vi sU
nghiflp dfic Ifip, ty do cua dan tfic mfi ca
trong sU nghifip xay dUng dfi't nUdc. Chinh
phu Mianma da ung hfi mgnh me cong cupe

53
do'i mdi cua Viet Nam, ung hfi Viet Nam gia
nhfip To chQe ThUdng mgi T h i gidi (WTO),
cQng cfic nQde chfiu A khac ung hfl Vidt
Nam lfi Qng cQ vifln duy nhfi't dgi difin chfiu
lyc Qng cQ chQe uy vien khdng thudng trye
tgi Hfli dong Bao an Lifin Hdp Quoc nhiem
ki 2008-2009. DiS'u dfing ndi lfi 'Trong cfic
budi ddn tiep, hfii dfim vdi Iftnh dao cfi'p cao
Viet Nam, lanh dao cfi'p cao Mianma ludn
khfing dinh "Vi^t Nam lfi bgn bd than thiit,
tin cfiy eua Mianma", "giQa hai nUdc ehi cd
tinh hQu nghi vfi hdp tac, khdng ton tai bfi't
cQ vudng mfic gi" "Mianma kham phyc tinh
t h i n ba't khufi't cua Vifit Nam trong diu
tranh cho'ng ngoai xfim vfi tinh t h i n cin cQ
sang tgo trong lao ddng xay dyng dfi't
nUdc", "Mianma hpc tfip dUpe nhiflV kinh
nghiflm phat triin kinh t l cua Vi$t Nam

nhfi't la trong linh vQc ndng nghidp,..." (41).
Chi'nh sach eua Mianma doi vdi Viflt Nam
nfim trong chinh sach dfii ngogi cua
Mianma. Cd the thfi'y chu trUdng coi trpng
va phat trien mfi'i quan he hQu nghi va lau
ddi giQa nhan dan hai nUde, tang cUdng
quan he hdp tac tren nhieu linh vUc vdi
Vifit Nam dUa tren cd sd nam nguyen tfic
cung ton tai hda binh, tfin trpng dflc Ifip,
ehu quyen, khong can thiep vfio cdng viec
npi bd cua nhau, binh dfing, ddi bfin cQng cd
ldi cua phia Mianma lfi kha tUdng dong vdi
dudng loi doi ngoai cua Viet Nam, khi
chung ta day mgnh cdng cupc do'i mdi dfi't
nUdc va hpi nhfip qufl'c te Theo danh gia
cua gidi ehuyen mdn 'Thflng qua sQ ung hd
cua Viet Nam, Mianma gia tfing dQdc vi the
trong ASEAN, tranh thu sQ hieu bie't,
thong cam vfi ung hfi cua ban be qufi'c te de
tQng budc hdi nhfip vdi t h i gidi" (42).

Ke tQ khi Viet Nam va Mianma nang
cap quan he tQ Tfl'ng Lanh sy len quan hfl
ngoai giao ca'p Dai sQ nfim 1975 den nay,
mo'i quan he chinh tri-ngoai giao giQa hai


Hghian cQu Lfch siSr. sfl 1.2013

nude da dupe tfing cUdng vfi cung cfl" so vdi

nhfin dfin hai nUdc trong sQ nghifip xay

giai doan trudc dd, trong bfii canh ca hai

dyng vfi phfit t r i i n dfi't nQde. Sy tfi't dep

d i u nd lyc hfii nhfip vfio ngfii nhfi chung

trong quan hfi chinh trj-ngogi giao da, dang

ASEAN. Trong qufi trinh hfii nhfip khu vyc

vfi se tgo d i l u kifin thufin Ipi khfing chi cho

vfi quic t l , chfnh sfich cua Vi§t Nam dfii vdi

sQ phfit t r i i n cua q u a n hfi kinh t l (43) mi

Mianma vfi Mianma dfii vdi Vifit Nam d i u

cdn ca trong nhQng linh vyc quan trpng

n i m trong chfnh sfich chung cua mdi nUdc

khfic n h u hpp tfic quan sy, a n ninh, hdp tic

dfii vdi khu vyc Dfing Nam A. T r u y i n t h i n g

gifio dye, vfin hda, t h i thao vfi du lich...

hQu

Mfit ky nguydn p h i t t r i i n mdi mang dim

nghj

Ifiu

ddi

giQa

Vifit

Nam

vfi

Mianma trong sQ nghifip dfi'u t r a n h giai

dafu fi'n cua thdi dai vfi cua khu vyc dang

phdng dfin tfic se lfi ehfi't xuc tfic, gfin k i t

dupc md ra trong ljch sQ cua mSi dan tflc.

CHU

THfCH

(1). Ng&y 18 thang 9 n6m 1988, Hi^i ding khdi

Nam t ^ C^ng lifla Li§n bang Mianma, Dai gljl Chu

phue Hiin phdp vd trdt tylNhd ntldc (SLORC) dil^c

Cong Phiing (chu bifin), Mianma Lich ait vd Hien tai.

th&nh l&p v4 doi ten nUdc \k Li§n bang Mien Di|n,

Nxb. Chfnh trj Qufic gia - Su thfit, Hfi Noi, 2011, tr.

Tfl ngay 18 t h i n g 6 nam 1989, chfnh thUc mang

12, 27, 414 vfi tong h ^ tU Bao Nhdn Ddn ngfiy 2

ten Mianma (Din theo, Mai Ly Quang, 250 quic

thfing 4 nam 2010.

gia vd viing ldnh tho trin thi gidi, Nxb. T h i gridi.

(3). Ve tfin gpi Diin Diin, Ban bien t^p Ho Chi

Ha N8i, 2004, tr. 477). Theo Hien phap Mianma

Minh todn tap, tfip 5 cfl chu thfch nhU sau "Mis'!!

nfim 2008, t^n chi'nh thflc cua qu6c gia Dong Nam

Di§n: Nudc Mianma. Trong nhiing nftm 1947-1948,

A nfiy lfi Cgng hda Lien bang Mianma

(Republic of

Chil tjch H i Chf Minh con dilng t§D goi DUD Di^D

the Union of Myanmar ( D i n theo, Robert n..

Cling lfi Mianma ngfiy nay; sfich b i o luc dd cfiog

Taylor, The State in Myanmar,

Singapore, NUS

n h u v§y. Ban bien tfip gifl nguyen ban nhU sachvi

Press, 2009, pp. 496). Trong bfii viet nfiy, chiing toi

t u li^u luu trfi (BT)" (Hd Cht Minh todn tdp, tfip 5

dung ca hai ten goi Mig'n Di?n vfi Mianma tfiy theo

(1947-1948), Nxb. Chfnh tri Qu& gia, Hfi N6i,

tiing thdi diem lich sii.

2011, tr. 451).

(2). C6 the k l ra dfiy m^t ao n6t tUcJng dong; Vift
Nam vfi Mianma deu lfi hai quoc gia c6 dien tich ldn b

(4), (5). Hd Chi Minh todn tdp, tfip 5, add, tr.
43, 451.

D6ng Nam A lyc dja (di§n tfch cua Vi^t Nam lfi
331.700 km^ con di§n tfch cua Mianma khoang
678.500 km^ dfin so cua Vi§t Nam Unh den thfing 7
nfim 2011 lfi 90 tri^u 549.390 ngu6i; con dfln sfi"
Mianma nfim 2010 khoang 66 tri^u ngudi (trong dfl,
89,3% so dfin theo dao Phfit). Ca Vi^t Nam vfi
Mianma d i u Ifi quoc gia da ddn t^, b6n c ^ dfin t ^
da so' (ngUdi Kinh 5 Vi^t Nam, ngudi Mien d Mianma)
thi con cfl nhieu dan toe thieu Bo'ciUig chung sflng (d
Vi^t Nam cfl 53 dfin toe, d Mianma cfl 135 sfic toe khac
nhau smh song (Din theo, Mai Ly Quang, 250 qudc
gia vd vung ldnh tho tren the'gidi, Nxb. The gifli, Hfi
Noi, 2004, tr. 475-480, 841-958; D^i Sil Quan Vi^t

(6), (7), (8). Ho Chi Minh todn tap, tfip 6 (19491950). add, tr. 229, 229, 274.
(9). Ho Chi Minh todn tap, t^p 9 (1954-1955).
sdd, tr. 140-141.
(10). Hd Chi Minh todn tap, tfip 10 (1955-1957).
sdd, tr. 522.
(ll). H6 Chi Minh todn tap, tfip 11(1957-1958).
sdd, tr. 253.
(12), (13). Hi Chi Minh todn tap, tfip 11 (19571958). add, t r . 284-285, 625.
(14), (15). D i n theo, Dai SQ Quan Vi?t Namt^i

Cong hda Lien bang Mianma, Dai sU Chu Cong


Tim hi&i mdi quan he chinh hi..,
Phiing (chii biSn), Mianma

Lich sit vd Hien

tai,

Nxb. Chfnh tri Qucfc gia - Sy thfit, Hfi Nfii, 2011,

(31). Bfio Lao dfing ngfiy 23 thfing 11 nfim 2007.

tr. 396, 396.
(16), (17), (27), (30), (33), (34), (37), (38), (40),
(41), (42). D^i Sfl Qufin Vift Nam t^i C§ng hoa
Li§n bang Mianma, Diii sfl Chu Cflng Phflng (chii
bien), Mianma

(29). Thdng tin Tii U$u • TTXVN -38 (1359), 30
•3- 2010.

Lich sit vd Hi^n (pi, sdd, tr. 396,

396, 398, 398, 399-400, 399, 400, 402, 403, 402,
404.

(32). Tin Thfi" gidi • TTXVN ngfiy 3 thfing 4 nfim
2010.

(35). Nguon: vnexpreas.net ngfiy 21 thfing 12
nfim 2011.
(36). Ngufin: dantri.com.vn

ngfiy 21 thfing 3

nfim 2012.

(18). Tuy luc dd Mianma dang g$p khfl khfin do

(39). Thfii Lan lfi nUdc cfi di§n tfch nho hdn

tfic dflng cua khiing hoang kinh ti- xa hoi, nhUng

Mianma mfit chflt (513.115 km'), song l^i dong

Chfnh phu Mianma v&n ci gfing vi§n tr
dfin hdn (61.612.840 ngudi nfim 2002), ciing lfi

Nam 500 tfi'n phfin ure (Dfin theo, Dai Sfl Qufin

quflc gia cfl da sfl" dfin theo dao Phfit (ti lfi d Thfii

Vi^t Nam t ^ C§ng hoa Lifin bang Mianma, D^i sfl

Lan lfi 95%) (D5n theo, Mai Ly Quang, 250 qudc

Chu Cfing PhiUig (chii bifin), Mianma Lich sit vd

gia vd viing ldnh thi trin thi gidi, Nxb. Th^ gidi,

Hiin tai, sdd, tr. 396).

Hfi Nfii, 2004, tr. 671).

(19). LUdng Ninh (Chu bien). Do Thanh Binh,

(43). Tfl nfim 2000 den nfim 2010, quan he

TrSn Thi Vinh, Lich su" Ddng Nam A, Nxb. Gifio

thiiffng mai gifla hai nUdc dfi cfl sfl phfit tri^n

diicHfiNfii, 2005.tr. 5.

khong ngflng. Nfi'u nhU nfim 2000, to'ng kim ngach

Dfin theo, Vu Dudng Ninh (chii bien), Nguyen
Gia Phu, Nguyen Quoc Hflng, Dinh Ngoc Bao, Lich

thUdng m^i gifla hai nUdc mdi dat 9,31 tri^u dfi la
Mi, thi nfim 2010 da dat 160 trifiu dfi la MI. Ve

sv[ vdn minh the gidi, Nxb. Giao due, Hfi N5i, 1998,

ddu til, theo thong ke cua Hifip hfii cac nhfi d i u tU

tr. 163.

Viet Nam vfio Mianma (AVIM), tinh den thang I I

(20). Bin

theo, Vu DUdng Ninh (chu bifin),

NguySn Gia Phu, Nguyin Quoc Hung, Dinh Ngoc
Bao, Lich si vdn minh the gidi, sdd, tr. 163.
(21), (22) (23). Bao iVAfin Ddn, ngfiy 24 thang 5
nfim 1997.
(24), (25). Tin

nfim 2011, cac doanh nghidp Vi?t Nam da dfing kf
dSu tu vfio Mianma nhieu dfl fin san xufi^t vdi tdng
so" vfi'n dfing kf khoang 1 ty dfi la Mi, trong dfl cfl
nhieu dfl fin dfiu tU ldn trfin 10 trifiu dfl la Mi dang
chd Chinh phu Mianma cfi'p phep trien khai (lien
doanh hfing khong, lifin doanh ngfin hfing, thfim

trong ni^

• TTXVN ngfiy 12

thfing 5 nfim 2000.
(26). Tin trong nUdc • TTXVN ngfiy 8 thfing 5
nfim 2002.
(28). Bao Qufic t^ngfiy 11 thang 01 nfim 2006.

do, khai thfic d£u khf, dich vu viin thfing, khai
thac dfi xay dflng, san xufi^t cap quang...) (Din

theo, Dgi Sfl Qufin Vi^t Nam tgi Cong hda Lien
bang Mianma, Dai sfl Chu Cong Phflng (chu bien),
Mianma Lich sit vd Hiin tai, sdd, tr. 404, 408).