Những bài văn theo chuẩn kiến thức kỹ năng ngữ văn 11 phần 2

gian cao rong. T a r n h o n n h a t h a nhtf cat canh bay len. N h i f t i g bao n h i e u t i m
kiem nhoc n h a n da t r d n e n v6 vong. Ngay cau thcf d§u da t r i u n a n g iXu tiT:
Song ggn trang giang

buon diep

diep

H i n h n h u cai buon cua n h a thcf hay cai buon cua t h d i dai cung c6 m o t t r f l
liTctng doi dao nhtf dong t r a n g giang. C h i can mot con song nho gcfn l e n l a cai
mat bang k i a xao dong, xon xao. Cai buon nay goi cai buon k i a m d i trcf t h a n h
"diep diep". Cai buon, cai sau k h i da t r d t h a n h mot dac t r i t o g cua n h a t h i si
thi dung den l a dau. Day l a cai buon t u y thuTc. Ngay tiT dau k h i mdti t r i n h dien
vdi l a n g t h o , H u y Can da n g h i den p h i i t l i a d d i . K h i ay, tac gia Liia

thieng

se

dat t r a i t i m m i n h trifdc Thifcfng de: " T o i se n o i : N a y day l a nifdtc m a t , - Ngoc
dau buon, nguyen k h o i vSn chua t a n " {Trinh

bay).

Con Itic nay day, trUdc

"song d a i , trori rong", n h a thcf chi chcfi vcfi m o t cai "ben c6 lieu". Cai "ben c6
lieu" ay c6 den h a i Idp bua vay. Thuf n h a t , trUdc do l a cai m o n g l u n g , mcf m i t .
Tuy

k h o n g sircfng k h o i h u v6 n h u n g cupc chia b i e t v d i m o t thiJ nga ba tarn

trang ngon ngang: " T h u y e n ve niTdc l a i sau t r a m nga", n h a t l a t h a n p h a n n o i
nenh v i k h o n g l a m chu ducfc ban t h a n : " C u i m o t canh k h o lac may dong". Bao
nhieu bam giap cua cuoc ddi gijfi vao m o t chi t i e t dcfn sa. Hoac "Lcf thcf con nho
gio diu h i u " . Con ma da l a "con nho" t h i t h a t l a t o i nghiep. L a i con " l a t h a "
nufa t h i sir n h a t nhoa da bien c6 t h a n h khong. Cho nen "gio d i u h i u " t h i c h hgp
vdi cai gi do t a n g toe: "Rang lieu d i u h i u dutag chiu t a n g " (Xuan Dieu). T i e p
den l a ben c6 lieu, h i n h a n h ciia t h i e n n h i e n h i e n r a n h i t o g l a m o t thuf t h i e n
nhien til ngan n a m , tCf thcfi hong hoang vQ t r u . V a n nhuTng canh beo ay, vSn
nhiJCng bcf x a n h , b a i v a n g ay n h i m g l a n h leo v i k h o n g c6 h a i a m con ngifdi.
Them k h a t m o t chuyen do ngang hay chiec cau t h a n m a t t h i k h o n g g i a n t r o n g
r5ng v6 t a m . Con thcfi g i a n t h i t r d i da buong chieu, a n h ngay sAp t a t . K h o n g
CO ban d6ng h a n h , ca k h o n g gian va thcfi g i a n , con ngiTcfi t a can p h a i b a m vao
mot cai gi do. T r o n g boi canh t a m t r a n g ay m o t tac " l o n g que" m d i t h i e t t h a
vang ngan. Nhtftig sao l a i " L o n g que dan dcfn v d i con nxidc"? H a i chOf "dan d g n "
rat d i t . B d i no d i i n t a diing va hay mot t r a n g t h a i c6 thifc ciia t a m h o n : s\X sg
hai va hoang m a n g ciTc do. " D g n dgn" c6 bieu h i e n mot t r a n g t h a i cua sU v a t
nCfa k h i no gan v d i " v d i con mrdc". Do l a t r a n g t h a i chap chdn m a con ngudi
khong the n d m dufgc no d t r o n g tay. V i qua thuc cai t a i san t i n h t h i n duy
nhat la "long que" k h o n g con t h i t a m h o n n h a t h a con b i e t t r o i dat ve dau.
T i n h n h a n v a n cua b a i t h a da chgn dugc m o t d i e m dCmg d i i n g liic.

^BS: P h a n tich bai thcf Trang

giang

G0I Y LAM BAI
I. K I E N T H l ! C C H U N G VE T A C GIA, T A C P H A M
1. H u y Can (1919 - 2005) t e n k h a i s i n h l a Cu H u y Can, que d l a n g A n P h u ,
huyen H u a n g San (nay l a xa Dure A n , huyen V u Quang), t i n h H a T i n h . T h u d

143


nho, ong hoc d que roi hoc trung hoc or TriXcfng Quo'c hoc Hue. Sau do, ong hoc
Cao dang Canh nong d Ha Noi. Tir nam 1942, ong hoat dong trong mSt tran
Viet minh, tham du Quoc dan dai hoi d Tan Trao, diTcfc bau vao Uy ban Dan
toe giai phong toan quoc. Sau Cach mang thang Tarn, Huy Can giiJ nhieu
trong trach trong cong tac van hoa, van nghe nhu Thil trUcfng Bo Van Hoa, Bo
trudng dac trach cong tac van hoa - van nghe tai Van phong Hoi dong Bo
trirdng kiem Chu tich Uy ban Trung iXdng Lien hiop cac hoi van hoc nghe
thuat Viet Nam.
2. Trudrc Cach mang thang Tam, Huy Can c6 hai tap tho: Liia thieng, Vu
tru ca, mot tap van xuoi: Kinh cdu tu. Sau Cach mang thang Tam, tho Huy
Can CO sir h6i sinh trong kha nhieu tap: Trai moi ngay lai sang (1958), Ddt nd
hoa (1960), Bdi tha cuoc ddi (1963), Nhang nam sdu miCcd (1968), Chien
tritang gdn den chien truang xa (1973), Ngdy hdng song, ngdy hdng tha (1975),
Hat lai gieo (1984), Ta ve vdi bien (1997)... V6i nhOTng dong gop to Idn do, ong
duoc Nha nudtc tang Giai thi/dng Ho Chi Minh ve van hoc nghe thuat (1996).
3. Tho Huy Can trudc Cach mang la niem khac khoai, giau chat suy tucrng
triet l i . Do la cai toi lac long, bo vo giufa vu tru menh mong. NhiJng van tho ao
nao vao bac nhat ciia Tho mdi duoc tau len bang mot thiJ ngon lis khong chau
chuo't, cau k i ma c6 suTc goi cam sau xa. No vCra c6 cai each tan hien dai vifa
tham d i m hiTOng vi tho ca truyen thong phuong Dong. Sau nam 1945, tif 1958
trd di, tho Huy Can eo sif phue sinh manh me. Mot mat, tho Huy Can vSn
hiTdng t(Ji khong gian nhung mot mat cai khong gian rong Idn ay khong con la
noi tru ngu ciia cai toi nho be, c6 don va day dp tinh ngUcfi. No am ap hoi thcf
ciia cupc song. NhOfng bai tho thanh cong nhat ciia Huy Can giai doan nay nhu
Dodn thuyen ddnh cd, Cdc vi La Han chua Tdy Phuang viia mang phong each
mot hon tho Huy Can trifde day, vCra gan vdi cuoc song ciia con nguori hien tai.

n. PHAN T I C H
1. Gia t r i tU tudng
Trdng giang la mot trong nhuTng bai tho hay nhat va tieu bieu nhat cua
Huy Can trong chang ducfng sang tac dau tien trude Cach mang thang Tam.
No la tieng noi day khat vong ciia cai toi, ciia con ngircti ca nhan doi giai
phong khoi cai nho be, cai mat bang khong dang song eiia cuoc d5i thuc tai de
hoa nhap vao coi cao rong cua khong gian. Vu tru bao la la cai dich hi/dng tdi,
nhung bkng each nao t h i do la cau hoi khong c6 hoi am. Be tac vo tif tUdng
nhifng Huy Can khong di vao than bi, sieu thoat vi trong sau tham ciia hon
tho CO sU gdn bo b i n chat vdti non song, da't nude. Bai tho that buon nhifng
cung that dep, cai dep ciia tinh nguoi.
2. Gia t r i nghe thuat
Tren nhufng net bao triim t h i Trdng giang eo sir pho'i hop nhuSn nhuyin,
hai hoa eiia hai giong di^u: viTa each tan hien dai, viTa doi dao t h i phap truyen
thong phiTOng Dong. Tinh each tan la cai toi cam nhan, d cai bo vo rat con

144
D


ngU&i k h i giijfa cuoc ddi k h o n g con mot thur n h i p cau nao de con t h u y e n t h o neo
dau. Tam t r a n g ca n h a n ay dxxac k h a i thac den t a n cung de di t d i m o t k e t
thuc: nha t h o horn nky con buon h o n ca n h a t h o ciia hoang hon h o n m o t n g h i n
nam tTxXdc. Cot each Difdng t h i the h i e n bang but phap t h o Difcfng: cham pha
ma goi t a , nhieu y ma k i e m Icfi. NhOmg t h i i phap nghe t h u a t nhiX phep do'i,
diep tCr vCra bien hoa, sang tao \iia r a t d8i dung d i , tii n h i e n .
V e d e p co d i e n t r o n g b a i thof Trdng giang

cua Huy C^n.

Gdl Y LAM BAI
1. K h a i n i ^ m
- Ve dep (cua m o t b a i t h o ) : SiJc hap d i n , k h a n a n g tao nhiimg r u n g dong
tham m i
- C6 dien: Thupc ve t h d i xUa da t r d t h a n h m&u miTc.
- Ve dep CO dien (cua m g t b ^ i tho): Ve hap dSn ciia nhOfng yeu to' da t r d
thanh chuan mUc t h a m m l t r o n g t h o ca c6 dien phiTcfng D o n g - t i e u bieu l a t h o
Di^c(ng, t h o Tong va t h o ca t r u n g dai V i e t N a m .
2. Cor sof tao n e n v e d e p c 6 d i e n t r o n g thrf H u y C § n
- Tho mdii tuy each t a n m a n h me t r e n n h i e u i l n h vifc n h i m g k h o n g eat durt
vdi cai cu ma vfin ke thifa va p h a t t r i e n nhiJng ve dep t r o n g n o i dung va h i n h
thufc nghe t h u a t ciia t h o ea t r u n g dai.
- Tho mcti la t h o l a n g m a n . Quay liXng vOi h i e n t a i va t i m l o i t h o a t ve t i n h
than, cae nha t h o l a n g m a n c6 xu hudng t i m ve vdi nhOfng gi xifa cu.
- Tho m d i c6 nhieu trOOng phai. Co n h a t h o t i m ve chan que, c6 n h a t h o
chiu anh hudng m a n h me ciia t h o ca phuong Tay, Huy Can ben canh

anh

hudng ciia t h o l a n g m a n Phap v&n ke thCfa t h i phap t h o c6 d i e n phifong Dong.
- Phong each t h o H u y Can: "Ngirdi da ggi day cai hon buon ciia Dong A ,
ngUcfi da k h o i l a i cai mach sau may ngan n a m v a n n g a m n g a m t r o n g coi dat
nay" (Hoai Thanh)...
3. B i e u h i O n
O ca h a i phirong dien n p i dung va h i n h thiJc ( k h i phan t i c h c6 t h e k h o n g
tach n h i m g cin dii y).
a. Hinh thiKc
- Th§ t h o t h a t ngon t r i f d n g t h i e n eo k i n h n g h i e m t r a n g (so sanh v d i t h o tU
do ciia Xuan Dieu, luc bat ciia Nguyen B i n h ) .
- Chat nhac e6 d i e n : 4/3; 2/2/3 (quen thuoc t r o n g t h o Dudng), phoi hop

thanh dieu h a i hoa, sijf dung chii yeu van bkng tao a m dieu t r a m buon, nhuTng
tir lay, dipp a m tao nen dong chay ciia dong song eung n h u dong chay m i e n
v i l n cua t a m t r a n g buon t h u o n g tao eho t h o chat nhac sAu da diet.
- Nghp t h u a t t a canh:
+ Loi ve cham pha n h u t h u lay l i n h h 6 n ciia tao v a t
+ Ket hop mieu t a d i e m va d i e n ; mau sde t h a n h n h a .
145


chq

+ T h i i p h a p ve m a y n a y t r a n g - l a y dong de t a t i n h {tieng Idng xa

van

chiiu).
- Ngh§ t h u a t t a canh ngu tinh:
+ Tao nhuCng cap h i n h anh ho (tag vdi nhau (song niTdc - song 16ng; dbng song

- dbng dbi; ben c6 lieu, con nho, canh cui, canh beo - con ngubi, kiep song...).
+ SOf d u n g t h i lieu c6 (dien t i c h ) : Bufc t r a n h hoang hon gcfi n h d cau t h a "Lac
ha dU CO 16 te phi/Thu

Thuy cong trUdng thien nhdt sdc".

K h o i song goi n h d cau thcf "Que huang khudt bong hoang hon/Tren

song

khdi song cho buon Idng ai" (Hoang Hoc Ldu - T h o i Hieu).

+ B i e n phap tUcfng p h a n , t h u d n g t h a y t r o n g van hoc van hoc t r u n g dai (cap
do cau: ciii - m o t — canh - k h o - lac - may dong; cap do bai: k h d 1 gcfi n6i c6
dcrn qua cai nho n h o i v6 n g h i a cua m o t canh cui; k h o 2 gcfi cam xiic ay qua
each cam n h a n ve k h o n g gian ba chieu bat ngat, rcfn ngcfp; kho 3 mcr ra mot
k h o n g gian da diirt gay cac mo'i day l i e n he; k h d 4 l a i gcfi ra h i n h anh sCmg
sOfng ciia vu t r u - ddi t h i cua t o n t a i ca n h a n nho be, don coi).
+ N g o n nguf: suf d u n g n h i e u tii H a n V i e t {trdng giang, c6 lieu...), suT dung Idi
bieu dat h a m sue ("lac": viia la lac long, ha vor viTa gcfi su m a t phuang hudng...
Cau h o i : "Dau t i e n g l a n g xa van chef chieu" c6 h a i each hieu: c6 t i e n g nhifng
mcf h6, phu n h a n hoan toan k h o n g eo a m t h a n h vang len t r o n g tarn tUorng).
6. Noi

dung:

- De t a i : t h i e n n h i e n - canh song nUdc, hoang hon
-

C a m h i i n g : dugrc khcfi nguon tiT t h i e n n h i e n , the h i e n t i n h yeu thien

n h i e n - l a i la t h i e n n h i e n t h a n h t i n h , vang ve ( t h a n h , vSng la mot trong
nhufng yeu to thuoc cam hiifng t h a m m l cua thcf xira - kieu "Ta dai ta tim nai
vdng velNgudi

khon ngiCdi den chdn loo xao"- N g u y i n B i n h K h i e m , hoSc canh

cay n h a n , cau v ^ n g ncfi sudi ritag, t h o n da t r o n g thcf xUa).
- H i n h tUcfng:
+ T h i e n n h i e n dep nh\S mot biJc c6 hoa: k h o n g gian t r a n g giang bat ngdt,
rcfn ngcfp vdfi con t h u y e n xuoi m a i , canh beo l e n h denh, bau trcfi cao rpng vdi
may d u n t h a n h m i i va canh c h i m chieu c6 le...

+ N h a n vat trOf t i n h h i e n l e n nhu m o t luT khach t h a hifctng khac khoai trong
ve bong que hifcfng t r o n g m e n h m a n g song nifdfc ( l i e n he: T h o i H i e u , D6 Phii...).
+ Mo'i quan he giCa t h i e n n h i e n va con ngifcfi: con ngifcfi k h o n g xuat hi?n
trifc tiep ma Sn sau t h i e n n h i e n (khdc v d i m o t so' tha ciia cac nha Thcf mdi,
nhan v ^ t trOf tinh 16 dien triTc tiep); t h i e n n h i e n dudng nhif da chiem v i tri chu
dao (tho Xuan D i e u : h i n h a n h t r u n g tam la con ngudi), den t a n cu6'i bai thcf
con ngiTcfi mcSi h i e n dien t h a p t h o a n g qua mot t a m t r a n g , mot noi long.
- N o i dung truT t i n h :
+ C a m xuc c6 dcfn nho be trudc t h i e n n h i e n v6 han.
+ N 6 i buon, n i e m khao k h a t t i n h ngUcfi liic chieu t a bong xe cung la nhuTng
cam xuc t h i r d n g gap t r o n g thor ca v i e t ve hoang hon (lien he).

146


+ N 6 i bu6n, n5i sau xuat phdt tir t h a n phan vong quoc vk Ibng yeu nifdc t h a m
kin la ngu6n mach cam xuc luon c6 t r o n g c h i i u sau tarn hon ngUcfi V i e t - duoc
the hien t r o n g van mach dan tpc til ca dao, t h o c6 dien den thcf h i e n dai.
4. D o n g gop
- L a m mdri cha't c6 d i e n
- Tao nen n6t dep phong each H u y Can
- Tao nen net da dang cho T h o m d i
- K h i n g d i n h T h o m d i k h o n g doan tuyet t r u y e n t h o n g
T h i e n n h i e n t r o n g b a i thoT Trang

giang

ciia Huy C ^ n

G0I Y LAM BAI

Day vifa l a net dac s^c noi bat, vifa la m a t t h a n h cong ciia H u y Can t r o n g
hki t h o nay.
Co the noi bai t h o noi t i e n g duoc luu giOr lau ben t r o n g long doc gia c h i n h la do
Huy Can da sang tao ra mot thien nhien ri&ng trong bai tha, mot t h i e n n h i e n m d i
la, day tarn t r a n g va h a m chijfa nhieu y nghia sau sac. Ban ve t h i e n n h i e n t r o n g
bai tho Trang giang cua Huy Can, can chii y den cac y chinh sau day:
1. T h i e n n h i e n l a mot n o i dung quEui t r o n g , k h o n g the t h i e u t r o n g t h o , dac
biet l a T h o mdri 1932 - 1941. M 5 i nha t h o deu cam n h a n t h i e n n h i e n theo cdch
rieng ciia m i n h . T r o n g do Huy Can c6 each cam n h a n dac sac can chii y.
2. T h i e n n h i e n t r o n g thcr Trang
the nao?

giang

cua H u y Can l a m o t t h i e n n h i e n n h i f

- Do la mot thien nhien dep nhifiig buon (Phan tich va chiiCng m i n h qua bai thcf).
- M o t t h i e n n h i e n m a n g cam h i i a g vu t r u (day l a cai net r i e n g cua H u y Can
qua bai tha).
- MQt t h i e n n h i e n chijfa dfiy tarn t r a n g cua n h a thcf (dac biet l a sif cam
nhan cai "khong").
- T h i e n n h i e n a'y boc 16 mot t i n h cam yeu nufdc t h a m k i n , m o t t i n h yeu que
hufcfng t h a m t h ^ m ciia tac gia.
- T h i e n n h i e n vira c6 k i n h , viia h i e n dai, viTa gan gui quen thuoc v d i n h i e u
buTc t r a n h da dang.
3. B a n luan, d a n h gia v§ t h i e n n h i e n t r o n g b a i thcf: m o t sang tao dac sdc,
mot dong gop c6 y n g h i a cho Thcf m d i .

1. P h a n t i c h h a i c a u thri m a a n h (chi) t h i c h n h a t t r o n g b a i Trang
2. N o i s a u vofi vofi c u a Trang

giang

giang.

dvCdc tao n e n tv( nhi3[ng y e u td'

nao? N o i b u o n c u a t h i n h a n t r o n g t h d i d a i c u c 6 y n g h i a g i ?
3. V i sao noi b a i thcf vita m a n g y v i c6 dien, viia c 6 sJc m a u h i p n d ^ i ?
G0I Y LAM

BAI

1. Co the chon p h i n t i c h h a i cku thcf k e t hoac h a i cau t r o n g k h o thiJ h a i
ciia bai tho.
147


Vidu:
Ndng xuong trai len sdu chot vot;
Song ddi, trai rong, ben c6 lieu.
Day la hai cau thcf cUc ta cdi v6 bien cvia trang giang. Khong gian nhu md
rong het chieu kich trong nhflng do'i cUc: n^ng xuong - trcJi len, song dai - trdi
rpng. TiT ngCf rat binh thUcfng, dUng trong mot tap hop doi xuTng c6 dien, vay
ma hieu qua no tao ra that bat ngd, ay la bdi cum tif sau chot vot. K h i c6 nang
thi bau trcri dudng nhu cao hon, trong xanh hon. Su ket hop cai tham t h i m
khi nhin xuong day song vdi cai chot vot k h i nhin len dinh trdi da tao ra mot
cum tinh tiX doc dao sdu chot vot; va no that d&c dia k h i di§n ta mot cam giac
cong hudng giOfa hai chieu khong gian de noi v6 bau trcfi; tham thSm, hun hut
khong thay day. GiOra "song dai, trcfi rong", giuTa cai menh mong cua dat trdi,

ben tat phai "c6 lieu". Khong thay hinh anh con ngifcfi nhung cai "ben c6 lieu"
nhu da mang nang noi sau muon ngan nSm cua con ngudi trudc cai v6 bien cua
vu tru. Do la Trdng giang dUOc lot ta den tan cung...
2. N6i sAu vdi voi cua Trdng giang trxXdc het dugc tao nen tiT am dieu tram
buon ciia bai tho (nhip tho, thanh dieu) sau nCa la cac hinh anh goi sU dcfn coi,
xa vdng (canh cui lenh denh, canh beo troi dat, bb bai diu hiu,..) ggi cam giac
nho nhoi cua con ngUdi trUdc mot vu tru bao la, v6 cung v6 tan (mot canh cui
lac giufa dong nUdc menh mong, cai ben c6 lieu giOfa hun hiit song dai trdi
rpng,...) N6i sau trong bai thcf nay cung nhU trong rat nhieu bai thcf khac ciia
Huy Can la mot dac digm cua tho Huy Can trUdc Cach mang. Do la tam trang
ciia mot t h i nhan mang sSn noi buon dau mat nUdc lai cam nhan duoc sau sic
n6i sAu thien c6 ciia con ngUdi nho be giOfa vu t r u bao la. N6i bang khuang
buon nhd ay la mot tinh cam dep de, g^n lien vdri tinh yeu thien nhien, dat
ntfdc ciia nha tho.
3. Chii y: chat c6 dien cua bki thcf la d the tho that ngon, am dieu tram l ^ g ,
ngon tix va hinh anh Udc le; sac thai hien dai nkm cf cai mdi la trong tuT tho.
Suy nghi ve bai thcf Trang giang cua Huy C^n
I . K I E N THLfC CCf BAN CAN N A M VCfNG
1. Huy Can (1919-2005) que of Hk Tinh. TrUdc Cach mang thang Tam, cung
vdi Xuan Dieu, Huy Can rait n6i tieng trong phong trao Tho mdi. Tho Huy Can
CO chieu sau suy nghl, c6 y vi triet hoc, nhieu tinh cam nhung thucfng roi v^o
b§' t i c , u sau. Sau Cach mang, Huy Can hang hai hoat dong van nghe phuc vu
khang chien va sU nghiep xay dung da't nudtc sau hoa binh. 6ng nguyen la Thii
trudng Bo V a n h6a, Chu tich Hoi lien hi§p V a n hoc - Nghe thuat Viet Nam.
2. Bai tho Trdng giang dUcfc sdng tac vao mot buoi chieu mua thu nam 1939.
Liic Ky, Huy Can dibig d bd nam b&'n Chfem, nhin canh song Hong menh mong
song nUdfc, 16ng buon vcfi vcfi, cdm canh cho mot kiep ngUcfi noi troi giOfa dong ddi
v6 dinh ma viet nen bki thcf nky. Bai thcf duoc in trong tap Luta. thieng.
148

Bai

thot

t a canh c h i l u ncfi m o t dong song m e n h mong,

diu

h i u , hoang v i n g

va qua do t h d 16 noi n i e m c6 dcfn ciia m i n h , cung c h i n h la n o i buon song n i i i ,
n6i buon dat nude sau k i n t r o n g long tac gia.
Trdng giang

l a m o t t r o n g nhOmg bai thcf hay n h a t cua H u y Can trifdc Cdch

mang t h a n g T a m .
II. SUY N G H i
1. Cau de tif boc 16 cam xiic, bay to t a m t r a n g cua n h a tha trUdc m o t k h 6 n g
gian bao l a cua bau t r d i . N 6 i n i e m bang k h u a n g (ng6 ngang, luyen tie'c, n h d
thUcmg dan xen iSn nhau) c h i n h l a cam xiic bao t r i i m t o a n b a i t h o . Tuy n k m
ngoai van b a n , nhuTng cau de tU da the h i e n y do nghe t h u a t va tu tifdng ciia
toan bai t h o . N 6 i n i e m bang k h u a n g da n o i d cau d e tix diXdc t r i i n k h a i t r o n g
toan bai.
2. Toan bo bai t h o Trdng

giang

deu t h a m d i m mot n 5 i buon. T r o n g m o i

kho tho, tix each gieo vSn, tao n h i p den each xay dUng bo' cue, bai t h o deu
thang t h o t m o t n6i buon. Dac biet l a sU doi lap giOfa k h 6 n g g i a n m e n h m6ng,
cao rong v d i cai be nho, mong m a n h cua m o t k i e p ngifdi. Do c h i n h l a n 6 i buon
inidc vu t r u r o n g Idn, n i e m khao k h a t g^n bo, hoa n h a p v d i cuoc d6i, t i n h cam
doi vdi que hUOng, dat nixdc ciia H u y Can.
3. Trdng

giang

l a m o t bai t h o c6 ve dep c6 dien. Ve dep nay the h i e n d

nhieu phuong d i e n , tii de t a i (son t h u y ) den t e n goi (Trdng

giang).

Dac b i e t l a

a th§ t h o ( t h a t ng6n) vdi each n g i t n h i p quen thuoc (4/3 hoac 2/2/3) va each
thiJc xay d i m g h i n h a n h do'i lap {ndng xud'ng ~ trai len, thuyen

ve - nUac

Iqi,

song ddi - trai rong,... cai bao la, v6 cung cua vu t r y - cai be nho, hCiru h a n ciia
con ngudi). Cach thufc mieu t a nhtJng biic t r a n h t h i e n n h i e n cung m a n g a m
dieu Dudng t h i (chi m i e u t a mot v a i net don so ma g h i l a i h o n co't cua tao v4t).
N h i m g Trdng

giang

cung l a mot b a i t h o r a t gan gui, t h a n thuoc. B a i t h o

hien dai t r o n g each cam n h a n sir vat t r o n g each suf dung t h i lieu, h i n h a n h
(cui, s6ng, nang, beo, cat, cay x a n h , canh chim,...). T a t ca tao n e n m o t biitc
tranh gan gui, quen thuoc bdi no l i n vao n h i l i i g canh que song nude t r e n k h ^ p
Viet N a m .
N h d do, hhi t h o c6 ve dep vifa c6 dien,
4. T i n h yeu t h i e n n h i e n d day t h a m

viTa

diTOm

t h a n quen, gan gui.
long yeu nUdc t h a m

kin

cua tac

gia. V i t r o n g giai doan nay, n6i buon sau ciia H u y Can da hoa v a o n 6 i buon
cua ngifdi dan no le b i m a t chu quyen. Va v i yeu que huong, dat nifdc n e n H u y
Can m d i c6 difoc nhCfng cam n h a n t i n h te ve h i n h a n h dat nifdc, que hifong cu
the t r o n g bai.
5. Phan t i c h nhiifng dac sdc nghe t h u a t ciia bai t h o , hoc s i n h chii y t h i t h o
that ng6n m a n g y v i t h o Dudng t r a n g n g h i e m , c6 k i n h , each ngSt n h i p h a i hoa
tao sir can doi. B a i t h o suf dung t h i i phap tirong p h a n d n h i e u cau t h o , nghe
thuat doi c6 tac d u n g l a m n o i bat cac h i n h a n h duoc m i e u t a {ndng

xud'ng

-

149


trdi lin, thuyin ve - niCdc lai, s6ng dai - trdi rdng,...), cung \km noi bat y do
ciia tac gia muon noi den nho be hOu han cua con ngi/di giOfa cai bao la, v6
cung, v6 tan cua vu tru. Cac tif Idy diTcfc sijf dung nhieu {diu hiu, chot vot, la
tha, diep diep, song song...) tao n h i p dieu cho bai tho. Nhieu bien p h a p tu tii
nhu nhan h6a, ^n du, so sdnh cung dugc tac gia suf dung linh boat.
6. Trong cac bai thcr cua minh, Huy Can luon t o ra luon nhay cam vdi
khong gi£m rong Idn ca thdi gian vinh h^ng. Vdi Trang giang cung vay, toan
bai tho deu tham dim mot n6i buon. M6i kho tho thifc chat la mot sU trien
khai khac nhau cua n8i buon do va thudng d\Xac ggi len hkng each doi lap giGa
cAi menh mong, cao rong nhif v6 han vcJi cai nho be, mong manh giOra khong
gian v6 tan va thbi gian vinh hkng. Tham khao cac nhan xet sau khi noi ve
bai tha Trang giang:
"Goi day cai hon Dong A, ngUcfi da khoi day cai mach ngam may nghin nam
vSn ngain ngam trong coi dat nay. Huy Can trien mien trong canh xua, tr5
truyen vdi ngifdi xUa, luon di ve tren con ducmg thdi gian v6 tan" (Hoai Thanh)
- "Cam giac noi troi nhat ciia ta la mot cam giac khong gian (Xuan Di$u).
7. Trong hki tho Hoang Hoc Idu cua nha tho Trung Quoc dbi Di/cfng Thoi
Hieu cau "Nhat mo hifcfng quan hk xuT thiTATen ba giang thuong nhan
sau" (Que hirong khuat bong hoang hon/Tren song khoi song cho buon long
ai?). Cau tho cuoi "Khong khoi hoang hon cung nhd nha" ciia Huy Can lam cho
ngUdi doc lien tudng den hai cau tho trong bai Hoang Hac Idu cua Thoi Hieu.
Vi ca hai nha tho Huy Can va Thoi Hieu deu lay thi lieu tiT nhCifng hinh anh

quen thuoc, gan gui (hoang hon, song) deu noi ve que hi/ong, n6i buon. Tuy
nhien hai bai thcf vin c6 sit khac biet tieu bieu. Tho c6 dien cua Thoi Hi?u thi
ta canh ngu tinh; thcf mdi cua Huy Can thi khong can mifcfn tdi ngoai canh ma
cung bieu hi^n ducfc nhOfng cung bac tinh cam. Tho mdi la tho ciia cai "toi".
C O

SIJT

'®«5r Gia tri bai thcT Trang giang
G0I Y LAM BAI
I. NQI DUNG
- Huy Can Ik mot trong nhOng ngtf&i da c6 cong dua tho mdri p h a t tri^n d§n
dinh cao. 6ng de lai cho dcfi nhieu tac p h a m c6 gia tri ve noi dung va nghe thuat.
- Trang giang la mot bai thcf diroc sang tac trudc Cach mang thang Tim.
Bai t h o mang mot n6i buon, mpt n6i sau v a n c6 va do do mang sic thai Dudng
thi ro n6t cua D6 Phu, Trdn Tuf Ngang, Thoi Hieu.
1. BhCc tranh song ddi trifi rgng
- Bki tho m d ra canh tiTOng s o n g mrdc menh mong, b a t ngat. Mat song c6
s6ng, nhuTng dcfi song gon 16 x6 goi nhau v6 t a n m a i tdi chan trcfi. Cai menh
mong do di kfem theo sU hoang v^ng, bcf vo, hiu quanh. NhuTng chi tiet trong
tranh song dai trcfi rong vdi c o n dat, his xanh, b a i vang, lang xa,... cung
kh6ng the llim c h o canh v^t them sinh dpng hon. Tat ca menh mang, hoang
buTc

150


sa nhu

iTiQt

bd b i e n sijf. A m t h a n h cua sif song t h a t l a yeu dt, c h i l a a m t h a n h

tif xa vong l a i cua cho chieu van.
- Khong gian cua Trang

giang

von b a t ngat l a i con nhif dUcfc n d i r o n g r a v6

tan ve moi p h i a : n d n g xuo'ng, t r d i len vdi mot do sau den chot vot. K h o n g g i a n
lai con t h e m m e n h m a n g h i u quanh h o n vcJi cai t h i e u vang:
Menh
Khong

mong khong

mot chuyen

cdu gai chiit niem than

C6 the n 6 i , k h u n g canh ciia Trang

giang

do

ngang

mat.

l a m cho ngudi t a c6 cam giac

chodng ngop.
2. T a m t r a n g c u a c o n ngi^di t r e n s o n g nufoTc T r a n g g i a n g
- Trang

giang

l a bufc t r a n h t h i e n n h i e n m a n g t r o n g no s U le l o i , c6 dcfn. D6

la h i n h a n h cua chiec t h u y e n nho, n h d n h ciii k h o , bong c h i m moi... N g o a i r a ,
canh v a t c6n m a n g m o t su bo vo, hoang v d n g va don dieu goi l e n bao n 6 i buon
cho con ngifdi. C h i n h v i t h e ma n h a thcf da ao Udc, mot udc m o b i n h d i va g i a n
di nhat: c6 mot chiec cau de no'i h a i his, de c6 sir giao hoa, t h a n m a t , a m ciing.
- Cung CO the d i dang g i a i t h i c h dUcfc n 6 i long ciia n h a t h o m a n g n 8 i sau
van CO nay. T r o n g cuoc song ngot ngat ciia che do thufc dan liic bay gior, nhuTng
ngudi t h a n h n i e n t r i thuTc nhif H u y Can dang dijfng trude nhOfng con ducrng
phai lifa chon. T a m t r a n g cua ho c6 nhOfng bcf vo, lac l o n g , m a n g d a m kho'i
buon thucfng.
- Tuy n h i e n , t r o n g ho l u o n chay bong mot t i n h yeu doi v d i que hi/ang, dfin
tgc cho nen ho t h u d n g mUdn nhChig h i n h a n h khac de boc 16 t i n h cam do cua
minh. H u y Can cung vay, ong m u a n h i n h a n h cua dong song hoang v ^ n g de
gijti v^o do l o n g yeu nufdc t h a m k i n . Ong luon t h a y bo v d , buon ba mac du d a n g
b t r e n que hUOng m i n h . B o i v i que huong da m a t chii quyen n e n m d i vay. Dac
bi?t, cau cuoi b ^ i t h o t h e h i e n ro t i n h cam do: "Khong

khoi hoang

hon

cung

nhd nha".
II. NGHE T H U A T
- B ^ i thot m a n g d a m phong each Dudng t h i , l a m o t bufc t r S n h dep, buon qua
each xay diftig he t h o n g h i n h a n h dac sdc.
- Trang

giang

l a k e t qua cua m o t qua t r i n h lifa chon ngon nguT. d bai t h o ,

cac t\i Idy ho^n t o a n : diep diep,

song song, Idp lap, dan dan... t a o n e n s\i deu

' dan, l a m cho nSi buori t h e m m i e n m a n .
- C^c tir: ndng xudng,

trdi len, sau chot vot... l a m cho n 6 i buon I a n toa v a

khong gian difoc m d rong.
- Cac h i n h a n h ttfong p h a n giila cai m e n h m o n g va*cai n h 6 be l a m cho
ngudi doc choang ngop t r o n g k h o n g g i a n bao l a vo cung cua v u t r u .

151


H A N M A C TLT
ChuCng m i n h Day thon Vi Da l a mpt t i n h y e u dofn phvfcmg c a y d&ng.

BAI

LAM

THAM

KHAO

A i da tCmg den vdri xuT Hue m o n g mo, c h i c chan se k h o n g the quen dUdc
nhOfng canh dep n o i day: song HifOng, n u i NgU, chua T h i e n M u . Canh dep ncfi
day da t i t o g l a m say d a m t a m hon bao n h a t h o , t r o n g do c6 H a n Mac Tijf. Co
le bdi vay ma H a n Mac TiJf da viet Bay thon

Vl Da - mot buTc t r a n h t h a t dep

ve canh vat va con ngUdi xiJ Hue. D o i v d i r i e n g t o i , an tiTpng sau dam n h a t ma
bai thcf de l a i l a : m o i t i n h yeu d o n phi/dng, t h a m l a n g va cay d i n g ciia t h i
n h a n doi vdri ngUcfi con gai t h o n V i .
Neu d k h o t h o thuf n h a t , H a n Mac Tuf dung ngoi but h i c n thifc de mieu ta
canh vUcTn tuoc, cay la, con ngudi t h o n V l , t h i d h a i kho t h o sau nha tho
chuyen sang ngoi b u t trCif t i n h , l a n g m a n . Ngon ngiJ day ao mong, difdng n h u
n h a thcf da t r d ve t h o n V i t i m ngUdi con gai yeu thiTOng, dap ufng mot t i n h yeu

tuoi t r e . T r o n g thiTc te, t h i si k h o n g ve t h o n V i Da, n h i m g l i n h hon ong da t r d
ve bang n d i n h d mong, k h a t vpng h a n h phiic. Co le v i vay ma h i n h a n h t h o hd
h d t h a t t h a t n h u m o t gia'c mong.
T i e p theo nhOmg dong cam xiic d k h o t h o dau, kho t h o t h d h a i , nha tho
m i e u t a canh song nUdc, gio may, t r a n g x d Hue. Vda la buoi b i n h m i n h d kho
t h o mot, den day da l a mot dem t r a n g sang. T r o n g dem t r a n g ay, canh va
ngUdi v l n dep n h u n g buon, ndi buon cua sU chia 11:

Gio theo loi gio, may diCang may
Dong nUac buon thiu, hoa bdp lay
Thuyen

ai dau ben song trdng

Co cha trdng

do

ve kip toi nay?.

Gi6 va m a y v a n luon g i n bo v d i n h a u n h u n g n h a t h o l a i t h a y "gid theo loi
gid, may dudng may", may va gid d i ngUOc chieu nhau. D o n g song Huong lang
i d t r o i d i n h u m a n g n a n g m o t n d i buon. Dong H u o n g Giang v i n dep, h i l n hoa
n h u t h e , nay n h U ngdng t r o i . N h a t h o da cUc t a ndi buon ay bang tU "buon
t h i u " - n d i bu6n c6 don den h i u h a t , n h u n m e m nhU m a t he't sU song. Ben canh
dong H u o n g Giang, nhUng r a n g ngo, b a i m i a cung xao xuyen mot ndi buon.
Hoa bap k h e lay dong r u n g m i n h v i may, gid, d i vang het, t r a l a i sU l a n h leo,
t r o n g v i n g giUa k h o n g g i a n m e n h mang. Neu t r o n g kho t h o t h d n h a t la c a the
g i d i h i e n thuc t h i sang k h d t h o t h d h a i nay, t a k h o n g the p h a n biet dupc dau
la thuc, dau l a h u nCfa, cang luc cai the gidi mo m o n g ao l a i cang Ian at cai the
g i d i h i e n thUc. Trudc canh v a t buon \k a m dam, t r o n g vang ay, n h a t h o nhU
t h o a n g t h a y , hay c h i l a m o n g m o i bong ngudi xuat h i e n :
152


Thuyen

ai ddu ben song trdng

Co cha trdng

ve kip toi

do

nay?

Cau thtJ vCra nhtr k h a n g d i n h vCra nhxi phu d i n h , vifa hoi \Ua n h d t h u o n g v i
thi S I nhif n h i n t h a y con t h u y e n va bong ngUdi t r e n ben song. Canh thifc m a
cijf n h u ao. Song H u a n g da t r d t h a n h "song t r a n g " , t h u y e n t h a t da t r d t h a n h
"thuyen trSng". H a i cau t h o da boc 16 mot each k i n dao k h a t vong ve m o t t i n h
yeu say dSm, day ao mong cua nha tho, con ngUcfi dang p h a i doi m a t v d i can
benh h i e m ngheo. H i n h a n h t r a n g c6 r a t n h i e u y nghia, t r a n g c6 the l a c6 gai
que hiTdng an h i e n ben ben song que, t r a n g cung c6 the l a l i n h hon tac gia
muon t r d ve t h o n V i Da de t i m t i n h yeu, t i m h a n h phuc. Bon cau t h o d k h o
hai CO n h i p dieu khoan t h a i , nhe n h a n g n h u n g cung t h a m t h i a , khdc sau m o t
n6i buon chia l i , n 6 i buon ciia m o t t i n h yeu don phuong cay dang, k h o n g dugc
dap l a i . Doc tho, r o i t u d n g tMng,

hoa t h a n vao cam xiic ciia n h a t h o , t o i cung

tham t h i a mot n o i buon... va cay dang.
Xuong k h o t h o thuf ba, t i n h yeu t h a t h i e t , t r a n t r d , day ao m o n g ciia t h i si
vSn tiep tuc duoc giai bai nhiTng cang luc cang t r d nen cay dang, chua xot h o n .
Ma khdch

dilang

Ao em trdng

xa, khdch

qud nhin

khong

O day suang khoi md nhdn
Ai biet tinh ai c6 dam

duang

xa

ra
anh

da.

" E m " - ngifdi con gai que hirong h i e n len k h o n g p h a i bang h i n h h a i , voc
dang ma t r o n g mau ao t r f i n g - " t r a n g qua". H i n h a n h c6 gai Hue chap chdn
trong gia'c m o ciia n h a t h o tao r a mot n o i bang k h u a n g , ngo ngan. P h a i

chang

d noi t h i si diJng, strong k h o i cung t r d n g va mti m i t n e n mau ao c6 gai cung
nhir nhuom m^u siiOng k h o i nen t r a n g den k i ao. NgiTdi mac ao t r a n g dumg
giCfa dem t r a n g la m o t h i n h a n h k h o n g chi c6 mau ma n h u t h a m ca cam xiic
lam ngop ciia con ngUdi. T h i si n h u choang ngop, sijfng sd, ngd n h u h a i ngudi

gap nhau n h u n g vfin xa nhau ngan t r i j n g . Bong dang ngudi con gai h i e n len
qua doi t h a n mat, n h u n g cung qua mo h6, huyen ao. H a i cau t h o cudi cat l e n
triu n a n g n 6 i xot xa, cay dang ciia mot t i n h yeu don phuong.
H i n h bong ngUdi con gai que huong ngay cang xa d a n , xa d i n r o i m a t h i i t
trong t a m mat, cd muon n i u keo cung k h o n g the:
O ddy sUang khoi ma nhdn
Ai biet tinh ai c6 ddm

anh

da?

"d day" la n o i nao? C6 the la dem t r a n g t h o n V i k h i n h a t h o t r d ve, cung
CO the la nOi tac gia dang dudng benh. N h u n g dij la nOi nao t h i tac gia v a n
cam thay h u t hang, choi voi trudc m o t t i n h yeu don phUOng, h u y e n ao.
H a i cau t h o ket l a i bai t h o vUa dua r a m o t n o i chdn cu t h e , vUa l a m ngudi
doc thac mac ve m o t h i n h a n h mo h5: " a i " da xuat h i e n n a m I a n t r o n g bai t h o ,
nhUng van k h o n g dem l a i dieu chac ch^n gi ve con ngudi m a tac gia nhac t d i .
Thoi t h i d a n h t u m i n h giCf lay m d i t i n h don phuong de k h a t v o n g con m a i . Doc
153


cau t h a "d day...", t 6 i v6 cung a n tUcfng h i n h a n h "sifcfng k h o i m& n h a n a n h " va
t o i chcft n h d , n h a thcf N g u y i n Gia T h i e u p h a i tCfng v i e t : "Cai quay bung sSn
t r e n dcri. Mcf mcf n h a n a n h n h u ngudi di d e m " (Cung

odn ngam khiic).

Doc tha

va suy n g h i , t o i cur b a n g k h u a n g thiTcrng cam cho k h i e p ngucri, nha't la nhiifng
so p h a n d ^ n g cay vira gap canh ngo eo le ve benh t a t vCra bi h u t hSng ve mot
t i n h yeu dang dd, d^ng cay n h u t h i si t a i hoa H a n Mac Tur.
V a y day, b a i t h a duoc v i e t b k n g cam xiic, t i n h cam sau lAng, t h a m k i n cua
b a n t h a n H a n Mac TCf, ngi/di song each nay t r e n nCa the k i . Doc b a i thcf, nhfi't
Ik k h o thcf 2, 3, b k n g m o t an tUcfng sau sac, t o i hieu duoc no hkng

sU rung

dong cua t r a i t i m . B a i thcf la bufc t r a n h dep bdi no la sif hoa quyen giCa tinh
yeu con ngUcfi va canh t h i e n n h i e n , v d i que hucfng, do la t i n h yeu ngot ng^o,
con v d i t i n h yeu d o i lufa thi... chufa chan bao h i n g h u t dang cay... T h i p h a m ket
thuc n h u n g vSn de l a i d u a m sau l a n g t r o n g l o n g t o i ve mot k h a t vong dUOc
yeu, difofc h a n h phiic den chay bong v a m6'i t i n h dcfn phucfng cay dang. Day
xufng d a n g l a m o t t r o n g nhCtng b a i thcf hay nha't cua phong trao t h o m d i , hay
vi no t h a m t h i a cafti hufng n h a n vSn, hay va an t u o n g v i Icfi thcf dep, nhieu cau
thcf a m a n h va n h i e u h i n h anh... bang khuang, mcf mong, l a n g mai).

1. T h e o a n h ( c h i ) , Ddy

thon Vi Dg, l a m p t t a c p h a m v e t i n h y e u hay

tinh que?
2. P h a n t i c h m p t h i n h a n h d S c SSLC t r o n g b a i .
3. A n h ( c h i ) c a m n h a n d^idc d i e u gi v e c a i l a t r o n g thcf H a n M a c
q u a b a i thd

Ti

nay?

G0I Y LAM BAI

1. Bay

thon Vi Da Ik m g t b a i thcf ve t i n h yeu, nhUng k h o n g p h a i la tinh

yeu v(Ji m o t d o i tUdng cu the nao do m a diing hcfn la k h a t vong t i n h yeu doi
v d i cuoc d d i n o i chung. Neu hieu ducfc hoan canh tuyet vong ciia n h a t h o ta c6
the n h a n r a n i e m g ^ n bo t h i e t t h a dau ddn vdti m 6 i h i n h sAc cua sU song
H a n Mac Tijf gufi vao thot. Bay
C d n h tUOi mkt

thon ViJ)a

cung nhm

t r o n g "tii trucfng" thcf ay.

cua nhOmg m d n h vUdn mudt x a n h n h u ngoc hay canh chia lia

cua gio m a y , canh ao mb sUcfng khoi,... deu la nhiJng canh thcf mong, dep nao
long, h a n sau t r o n g t a m t r i cua m o t ngUdi gan bo mau t h i t v d i que hUcfng. Doi
k h i canh sac ay da dtfoc t h a n g hoa t r o n g m i e n t a n hudng cua t h i n h a n , bien
t h ^ n h cai dep cua m p t coi xa vcfi m a t h i n h a n luon k h a t vpng. T i n h ngudi of
day cung 6 m chiJa m o t coi l o n g r o n g I d n , " a i " va " a i " l a k h o n g xac d i n h , khong
bien g i d i . Cai khao k h d t m o t " t i n h a i " Ik n 8 i n i e m dau dau hudng t d i hanh
phiic cua coi d d i t r a n t h e .
2, Co t h e chon p h a n t i c h m o t t r o n g nhOmg h i n h a n h t h a dac sac sau: Ddng
nUdrc buSn hiu hoa bdt lay; Thuyen

ai dau ben song trang do - Co cha trang ve

154


kip toi nay?;

Ao em trdng

qua

nhin

khdng

ra,...

C h i i y nhOmg m o i l i e n t i f d n g

duoc gcfi l e n tii nhuTng h i n h a n h d o .
3. Qua b a i Bay thon

Vt Da c6 t h e n h a n t h a y nhOtng c a i l a ciia thcf H k n Mac Tii.

- TrU6c h e t d o l a lo'i c h u y e n d o i r a t d o t n g o t c u a m a c h t h o

d6ng c a m xuc:

dang n o i v e m i n h vucjn c u t h e t h o d t l a i trifli t u o n g h o a c a n h v a t , g i o n g t h a
dang v u i b S n g c h u y e n s a n g b u o n , d a n g n a o niJc r o i v a o t u y e t v p n g , d a n g

canh

thiTc c h u y e n s a n g c a n h m p n g , . . . S u c h u y e n d o i d o d e m l a i n h i e u a n t i f c r n g b a t
ngcr cho n g u d i d o c .
- H i n h a n h t h o c u n g chuTa d u n g m o t t r u d n g l i e n t u d n g r a t l a c i i a H a n Mac
Tii: con t h u y e n t r e n b&'n song
anh; do em trdng

qua

trang

d e n n o i nhin

d a n g chd trdng
khdng

ve; sUang

khoi

ma

nhan

ra,... D o l a nhuTng s a n g t a c d o c d a o

CO mot k h o n g h a i t r o n g thot V i e t N a m h i e n d a i .
- M o t c a i l a n f l a l a nhOfng c a u h o i t u tii. Ddy thon

Vi Dq c6 b a k h o thcf t h i

CO den b a c a u h o i d a n g n a y , h o i k h o n g p h a i d e dcfi c a u t r a Icfi m a chi d e g i a i
bay t a m t r a n g . NhuTng c a u h o i n h i r v a y , ngUfifi d o c d i d a n g b a t g a p t r o n g thcf
Han M a c Tuf: " T r o n g k h o m v i v u d a o d a t m a i - ' T i e n g l o n g a i n o i ? S a o i m d i ? "
(Ben len), " T o i v S n c o n d a y h a y or d a u - A i d e m t o i b o du'di t r c f i s a u ? "
giot li). "TrcJi h e i ! N h d a i c h o k h o i d o i ! - G i o t r a n g c6 s S n l a m s a o a n ? "

{NhUng
(Lang

thang),... n 6 c6 siJc gpti rait I d n , t a o duf a m d a c b i e t c h o 15i thcf.

1. Ddy thon

Vi Da c 6 p h a i l a i n g t b a i thcf t a c a n h h o $ c t i n h y e u g a i

trai h a y k h o n g ?
2. T i m h i e u b a t a m t r a n g k h a c n h a u c u a b a k h o thcf t r o n g b a i , ihvt
i&t t i e u d e c h o m 6 i k h o .
3. N h u i ^ g b i e u h i ^ n c u a c h i i n g h i a s i e u t h i ^ c t r o n g b a i thcf t h e h i $ n
nhrf t h e n a o ?

G0I Y L A M B A I
1. T u y c6 y e u t o t a c a n h , n h u n g Ddy thon

Vi Dq k h o n g p h a i l a m o t bai thcf

ta c a n h t h e o n g h i a t h o n g t h u d n g . Bdi c a n h v a t d d a y l a c a i b e n n g o a i d o t a m

thufc g ^ i ra, d u c a n h v a t a y l a c a n h " v u d n ai" h a y t r a n g , g i o , nUdc, m a y , . . . Bai
thcf c h u y e u n h k m d i e n t a t a m t r a n g v d i b a o n h i e u n 8 i n i e m v u i b u o n c i i a
n g i i d i ' t r o n g cuoc. Vi b a i thcf d i l n t a n o i t a m n e n k e t c a u c u a n 6 n k m t r e n
mach c a m x i i c a'y.
B a i thcf c u n g k h o n g t h u p c v e p h a m t r u c u a t i n h y e u t r a i g a i . T u y t r o n g d d i
thifc, H a n M a c Tijf c6 y e u m o t ngifcfi, v a t r o n g thcf c u n g t h a p t h o a n g a m v a n g
ciia m d i t i n h dcfn p h u c f n g a y , n h u n g v e c a n b a n , Ddy fhon

Vi Dq h u 6 n g tdi cuoc

dcfi 16n r p n g hcfn. D 6 l a t i n h y e u cuoc s o n g , l a l o n g h a m s o n g . P h a i h i e u d u a c
d i l u n a y m d i vCfa t h a y dircfc y n g h i a k h a c h q u a n c u a t h i p h a m viTa h i e u difcfc y
nghia n h a n v a n t d n g quAt

v a cao

c u a b a i thcf Ddy thon

Vi Dq n o i r i e n g v a

thcf cua H a n Mac Tijf n o c h u n g .

155


2. Ba k h d iha c6 ba tarn t r a n g khac nhau
a) K h o t h o t h i f n h a t c6 the dat t i e u de: Tieng ciia cugc dai mai ggi. Chi cd
t i e n g ciia cuoc dcfi mcfi goi, h i n h a n h ve cuoc song ay m d i dep nhif mot giac
chiem bao. C a n h cr day v o n la canh thifc nhiftig qua t a m thiJc, qua k i ufc cua
n h a t h o no m6\t den sU vi§n m a n ciia cai dep l i tudng. V i e t ve no bang n6i

n i e m say d a m , de me t h i do la dau hieu nong n a n ciia long h a m song.
b) K h o thuf h a i c6 the bat tieu de: TrUac nha tha, cugc song da quay lung,
ngodnh mat. H i n h a n h va n h i p dieu cuoc song t r o n g t h o da k h o n g con an
nhap gi vdfi nhau. C h i con m o t con t h u y e n chd t r a n g de t h i si b a m vao, nhitog
k h o n g biet con c6 k i p hay khong?
c) K h d thuf ba c6 the dat tieu de: NliUng hi vgng ma ho cii tugt khoi tarn
tay. M a u ao t r i n g \kn ca vao sUOng k h o i . " N h a n a n h " va " t i n h a i " cuf nhoa
n h a t dan d i t r o n g t a m t r a n g gan gidng n h u tuyet vong. Do la dau hieu bi
quan, n h u n g xet den ciing, do cung la dau hieu ciia long h a m song. C h i c6 dieu,
t h a t h i e t v d i cuoc dcfi nhtftig cuoc dcfi l a i l a n h n h a t , dutng difng. N o i dau ddrn bi
t h u o n g ciia n h a t h o c h i n h la d do.
3. B a i Day thon VI Da chiu a n h hifdng ciia chii nghia sieu thuc. Chii nghia
sieu thifc ddi lap v d i chii nghia h i e n thiic d cho: no phan a n h cuoc song va tinh
cam CO t h a t cua con ngUcfi or t r a n g t h a i giac mo. Thay the cho y thufc la v6
thufc, t h a y t h e cho cam giac la ao giac, t h a m chi nha t h o con " p h i logic hoa"
n g h i a l a k e t hop cai v o n k h o n g the k e t hop duoc tao su bat ngd,... T r a n g thai
giac m o cua n h a t h o Day thon VI Da la mot dien h i n h , canh t r o n g khS mot la
canh thuc du chi la tiT k i ufc, tii hoai n i e m goi chung ve den kho ba, no da la
canh ao, canh k h o n g c6 thiTc. Rieng d k h o h a i , v d i h a i cau tho: "Gio theo loi
gio, may di/crng m a y - D o n g nUdc buon t h i u , hoa bap lay", canh van la thiTc
day, nhUng con ac m o n g da t r a n qua b ^ n g t h i i phap n h a n hoa. H i n h anh
t h u y e n chd t r a n g , r o i ao em t r a n g qua, n h a n a n h , k h o i sUOng... deu la nhCMg
bieu t u o n g het sufc m o ho. Rieng dai tii " a i " t r d d i t r d l a i nhieu I a n {viCan ai,
thuyen ai, tinh ai, ai biet) k e t hop v d i nhufng cau hoi t u tii n h u nhilfng cau hoi
t a n b i e n vao h u k h o n g .
fl^S:

P h a n t i c h b a i thcf Day thon Vi

Da.

G0I Y L A M BAI
I . H A N M A C TLf V A P H O N G C A C H N G H E T H U A T
H a n Mac Tuf (1912 - 1940) t e n t h a t l a N g u y i n T r o n g T r i , que 6 Dong Hdi,
Quang N i n h , Quang B i n h , xuat t h a n t r o n g m o t gia d i n h Cong giao ngheo. Ong
song n h i e u d Quy N h o n , tirng l a m viec t r o n g Sd D a t dien B i n h D i n h , c6 mot
t h d i g i a n song va l a m bao d Sai Gon. N a m 1936, k h i biet m i n h mdc b^nh
phong, ong t r d ve Quy N h o n va m a t ngay 11 - 11 - 1940 t a i day.
H a n Mac Tuf la n h a t h o Idn va ducfc xem la h i e n tirong t h o k i la vao bac
n h a t cua phong t r a o T h o m d i 1932 - 1945. Ong l a m t h o tii luc 16 tuoi va c6
b i i t d a n h : Phong Trdn, Le Thanh. Tii 1936, ong lay but danh la Han Mac Tilt.
156


Tac pham chinh gom cac tap thcf: Gdi que
nhiiy, Thugng

thanh

khi,

Cam

chdu duyen

(1936), Tha

dien

va kich thot: Duyen

(1938),
ki ngo

Xudn

(1939),

Qudn tien hoi (1940).
Han Mac TiJf la ngUcri k h d i xifdng r a triTdng t h a loan, trucrng thcf dien. Thcf
ong CO mot dien mao het sure phiJc tap va day h i an, c6 sU dan xen, r a n g r i t
ciia nhCng gi t h a n thupc, t h a n h k h i e t , t h i e n g l i e n g n h a t , ca nhufng gi m a quai,
cuong loan n h a t . T r o n g do, t r a n g , hoa, nhac, hucfng... chen l i n h o n , mau, yeu,
ma. Tuy n h i e n dSng sau the gidfi h i n h a n h ghe rcfn do vSn h i e n ro mot con
ngifcfi chufa chan l o n g yeu cuoc song, m o t t i n h yeu den dau d d n h u d n g ve cuoc
ddi t r a n the.
II. H O A N C A N H RA D<^I C U A B A I THCf " D A Y T H O N V I D A "
Day thon Vi Dq dUOc r i i t r a tii tap Tha dien.

Bai thof r a dcfi t r o n g m o t hoan

canh het sijfc dac biet. T r o n g thcfi gian d a i d So Dac dien B i n h D i n h , H a n Mac
Tut yeu t h a m H o ^ n g T h i K i m Cue. K h i ve Hue, H o a n g Cue nghe t i n H a n Mac
Tii bi benh ben gdri vao t a n g H a n Mae Tuf t a m buu a n h phong canh Hue va I d i
chuc sdm l a n h benh. C h i n h dieu do da goi cam h i l n g cho H a n Mac Tiif sang tac
bai tho nay.
III. N O I D U N G - N G H E T H U A T - G I A T R I
1. N p i d u n g :
a. Biifc tranh phong

canh

dep

nhitng

dUafm buon cua

xt(

Hue.

Bufc t r a n h duoc h i e n l e n qua Icfi mc;i goi, t r o n g do h a m chufa sif t r a c h moc
ma t h a n t h i e t :
Sao anh khong ve dial thon

VI?

Chi qua va net khac hoa nhe n h a n g , duyen dang, toan bo biic t r a n h p h o n g
canh xuf Hue h i e n l e n day sufc song "Ndng hang cau,
khu vUcm x a n h mudft "nhu

ngoc", "vai gio",

"vai may",

ndng niai len" v d i nhufng
va dac biet l a v d i dong

song Huong em d i m , t h o mong t r a n ngap a n h t r a n g . Do la m o t bufc t r a n h

phong canh r a t Hue, r a t dac trUng ciia nha vifcfn xu" Hue. T a t ca chi la canh
trong hoi tudng ciia n h a t h o n h u n g ngucfi doc eo cam giac n h u dang d i giOfa
khu vudn x a n h m a t , day sufc song. Sir xuat h i e n ciia con ngirdi cang l a m cho
canh vat t h e m t h a n s^e. Con ngudi an h i e n sau t a n g la true t h a t k i n dao, t a t
diing vdi ban t i n h ciia ngirdi Hue, cang l a m cho biJc t r a n h d a m da chat Hue.
Canh dep va t h o mong, n h i m g lay Idt buon t r o n g cam giac chia l i a :
theo loi gio, may dudng may".
"buon thiu".

"Gio

Dong song chufng k i c n canh chia l i a do n e n cung

Neu n h u d t r e n t a noi canh m a n g ve dep r a t Hue' t h i of day, t a

cung tha'y net buon ciia canh cung r a t dac t r i m g ciia xiir Hue.
6. Tdm

trqmg cua

nha

tha

Tir nhufng k i n i e m ve Hue, n h a t h o da khdc hoa nen bufc t r a n h t u y e t dep ve
canh vat va con ngirdi xuf Hue. NhUng d ^ n g sau bufc t r a n h phong canh do la
noi bu6a, n8i c6 don cua m o t con ngifcfi t h a t h i e t you dcfi, yeu t h i e n n h i e n , yeu
157

cupc s o n g d a di§'t t r o n g h o a n c a n h o'm d a u b e n h t a t . N h a t h o m i f o n c a u c h u y | n
t i n h d o n p h u o n g c i i a m i n h de k i n d a o gdri g ^ n t i n h y e u xur sd. T a c

gia nhu

m u o n n o i r k n g , d i i c6 d n o i d a u t h i t a m l o n g n h a t h o v i n huftSng v e que h u o n g
n g u o n cpi.

2. N g h $ thuiLt
- B u t p h a p goi t a , n g o n ngiJ t i n h te, giau l i e n tifdng.
- H i n h a n h g p i c a m , b i e u h i e n n 6 i u bu6n, t i e n g l o n g t h i e t t h a y e u dcfi, yeu
xuf H u e m o n g

mo.

3. G i a t r i :
dat

hUOng t h a t h i e t c i i a t a c g i a . C u n g v d i nhuTng b a i t h o h a y v l que h u o n g

que

C a n h v a t t r o n g b ^ i t h o d a m d a m ^ u s^c d a n t p c , t h e h i e n t i n h y e u
nUdc, Day

thon

Vi

Da

c i i a H a n M a c TO d a gop p h a n t h e h i e n g i a t r i ciia p h o n g

t r k o Tho m d i v ^ o nhCtog n S m b a m u o i , d a y n h a n h q u a t r i n h h i e n d a i h o a vSn
hoc n u d e t a .

W:

G i a t r i b a i Day

thon

Vi Dq. - H a n M S c Tijf

I. NOI DUNG
1. C a n h t h o n v i
T h o n V l h i e n l e n or d a u b a i t h o v d i h i n h a n h t i f o i d e p : nang
mai

len.

hang

K h u n g c a n h c6 a n h n a n g b a n m a i t r o n g l a n h , c6 m a u xanh

t u o i t o t , t r u p h u ciia cay

col. D i e m

vao

biirc t r a n h t h a m o n g

cau
nhu

ndng
nggc

a y l a sU t h a p

t h o a n g b o n g d a n g c o n n g u 6 i v d i k h u o n m a t chOf d i e n c i i a n g i f d i t h i e u nQ.
d t h o n V i c o n c6 h i n h a n h t r c t i , m a y , s o n g nUdfc. C a n h t r i h a i b e n b 6 song
HiTOng m a n g v e d e p h u y e n ao c i i a t r i n g , g i o , m a y t r & i . D o n g nUdc l a n g 16 t r o i
m a n g t h e o n o i b u o n x a v ^ n g . C a n h v a t t h i t i n h l a n g c h i c6 h o a b ^ p k h e

lay

d p n g t r o n g g i o . Dac b i p t l a h i n h a n h c u a b e n s o n g t r a n g . H i n h a n h thiTc m a cut
n h u h u ao bcri c a n h d e p v a l a n g m a n q u a l a m c h o d a t t r c f i n h U c h i m d ^ m

vko

sU l u n g l i n h , mcf ao.
V e d e p t h o n V i t h o m o n g , e m d e m n h u n g d u p m b u o n . M o t n o i b u o n v o n c6
c i i a x U scr n a y d o n g t h c f i c u n g l a n 8 i b u o n t a m t r a n g n g u d i d a n g n g i m

nhin

canh vat.

2. T a m stf c i i a H a n M a c Tijf
K h i H ^ n Mac

T\jf s a n g t a c b a i t h o n a y t h i t a c g i a d a n g l a n g u d i m ^ c b p n h

n a n y , c h d n g a y v i n h b i e t cupc dcJi. D o d 6 , t r o n g o n g m a n g m o t n 6 i b u o n sSu
s^c. N 6 i b u o n do d u p c t h e h i e n q u a l a n g k i n h k h i o n g n h i n c a n h v a t .
Han

m a c Tijf n h i n g i o va m a y n h u n g c h i i n g k h o n g d i l i e n n h a u , b e n n h a u

ma g i 6 d i m o t d a n g , m a y d i m o t n g a . G i o m a y d d a y k h o n g t h e o q u y l u a t tU
n h i e n ma t h e o q u y l u a t c i i a t a m t r a n g : Gio

theo

loi

gio,

may

duang

goi

may

l e n sU c h i a l i a , t a c h b i e t . V a d o n g nUdc t h o m p n g c u n g m a n g m o t t a m t r a n g

c u a S U buon

thiu.

158


Di sau vao b a i thcf, t a b ^ t gap m o t h i n h a n h ciia m o t ngifdi vdfi t a ao t r i n g
tinh k h o i . H i n h a n h gai s U xa x o i , mcr ao n h u m o t giac ma n h a t nhoa. Co le v i
the

n h a t h o da k e t thiic b a i thcf hkng m o t cau h o i : "Ai biet tinh ai c6 ddm

da?". Cau h o i m e n h m a n g t h e h i e n s U c6 dcfn, t r o n g v a n g t r o n g t a m h o n ciia
nha tha. Cang n g h i d e n h a n h phiic bao n h i e u , t a m h o n ciia n h a t h d cang quan
dau bay nhieu. D i l u do boc 16 t i n h yeu thuomg, viTa k h a t khao duoc yeu t h u o n g
chiJa d l y v6 vpng t r o n g t a m siX cua t h i s i hp H a n .
Den v d i b a i thcf Day thon Vi Da ngUdi doc se cam n h a n ducfc nguon sang
tam hon chieu r p i p h i a sau buTc t r a n h phong canh: N 6 i buon c6 dcfn cua con
ngi/cfi k h o n g may min

gap p h a i canh ngo b a t h a n h , h i e m ngheo n h i f t i g t h a

thiet yeu d d i , yeu t h i e n n h i e n , yeu cai dep, yeu sU song.
Chu V a n Son cho r a n g : Ddy thon Vi Da Ik Ibi to t i n h v d i cuoc d d i cua m o t
tinh yeu tuyet vpng. B e n dudi m 6 i h a n g chuT tucfi sang ciia b ^ i thcf l a ca m g t
khoi u hoai.
II. N G H E T H U A T
Ca b a i thcf l a b a buTc t r a n h c6 cdnh, c6 ngucfi. BuTc t r a n h nao cung vCra thuc,
vira mcf. Bkng

bien phap n h a n hoa, diep tir, n h a thcf da c6 dong ve n g u d i , v l

canh, ve n 6 i n h d , n 6 i hoai vong, mong l u n g .
Vdi nhiJng cau h o i t u tiT "Co chd trdng

ve kip toi nay?", "Ai biet tinh

ai c6

dam dd?" cung n h u h i n h a n h sang tao ve ben s6ng t r a n g , con t h u y e n chor day
trSng cung nhufng k h a n a n g t6'i UU cua n h i p dieu da gop p h a n boc 16 nhiJng
tam sir sau k i n t r o n g c5i l o n g cua H a n Mac Tijf. T h i n h a n dang m a n g t r o n g
long m o t n o i u hoai, m p t t i n h yeu tuyet vong, n h i i n g m o n g ao v d i nhCmg mor
tifdng v a SU hoai n g h i .

PhAN 1 7'

NGUYIN BINH

P h a t b l e u c a m n g h i v e b a i thcf TiiOng
Thon Dodi ngSi nha thon

tU c u a N g u y i n B i n h
Dong...

Cau t h a nhU con gio heo may r a i dong, t u y c6 bang k h u a n g n h u n g chua c6
gi la cu t h e ca. M o t n 6 i n h d mcf h6 k i e u " H o m nay t r d i n h e l e n cao - T o i buon
khong hieu v i sao t o i buon" ciia Xuan D i ^ u , c h i khac d ch6: no b a t n g a t dong
que. K h o n g p h i i , t i , nhU ca dao, b a i thcf b a t dau b k n g c h i n h cai m a n h a t h d

chat CO d t r o n g l o n g r o i goi no t h k n h t e n : n 6 i n h d . N h u n g v i sao k h o n g n o i :
anh nhd?
T i n h chat Udc le k h i n o i ve d i a d a n h la ciia ca dao (Ldm trai cho dang
trai - Xudng

Dong Dong tinh,

nen

sang Dodi Dodi yeu). NhUng ca dao k h i n o i den

nhd thuang t h u d n g dung den cac loai chat l i e u d d i t h u d n g h 6 t r a : t a m do,

159


chiec k h a n , ngpn den, t h u y e n , ben... T h i d day, de cu the hoa cai chu the nhd
n h u n g va doi tUgfng ciia n o i n h d n h u n g l a i la mot dai tii kep: " M o t ngUori" (Mot
ngUai

chin

nha

niUai

mong

mot

ngiCai).

" M o t ngUdi" k h o n g dcfn nghia, tuy mot

ma l a h a i va t u y h a i l a i l a mot. H a i chOf " M o t ngUcfi" d dau va cuo'i thc( c h i n h la
moc gidri ciia cai cau 6 Thifdc n o i h a i hb bang nhufng soi doc soi ngang ciia
" c h i n n h d mifcfi mong". H a i cau k h a i v i c6 phan dot ngot v i bOfa tiec t i n h than
nhiT the t h i c6 p h a n k h o chap n h a n vdi ngUcfi nghe. Mac cam ay duoc thao ge
b k n g h a i cau x i xoa:
Gio
Tuang

miCa
tU

la chuyen

la. benh

cua

ciia tot yeu

trai

nang.

T h i r a t r d i cimg v d i ngudi dong benh, can benh muon t h u d tCr k h i khai
t h i e n lap dia den nay. M o t y n g h i a t h a t tao bao va nen t h o l N6 m d rong pham
t r i i , no d a n chii hoa, b i n h dang hoa cSn benh tifcfng tif. Tao r a d M c

mot the

l i e n m i n h nhiT t h e , b a i iha da n h a p de mot each y n h i , c6 duyen, ggi duoc sif
t h o n g cam.
Tif do, ba k h o t h o ke t i e p c h i n h l a sir p h a t t r i e n , m d r g n g k h a i n i e m tifcmg
tU, nhiftig d vao t h e l i e n k e t t a i t i n h . Ta n h u tha'y mot k h u n g n h a be the,
vuong vufc h i e n l e n v d i nhOfng cot keo, qua giang, dui me day dii le bo ma
ngUdi thcr ca k h o n g dong den m o t chiec d i n h hay bupc t h e m mot niit l a i . Ay la
n h d vao m o n g meo, n h d vao t r i k h o n v d i sif lap ghep n h u t h a n . Cf day c6 hai
h i n h thufc l i e n ket. H i n h thiirc thiir n h a t l a S L T lap l a i nhir giCfa kho mot vdi kho
h a i . Neu k h o m o t bat dau vdi " T h o n Doai ngoi n h d t h o n Dong" t h i k h 6 h a i "Cd
sao ben ay c h i n g sang ben n a y " (Mot sir lap l a i nhUng c6 sir doi ch8 cho nhau).
H i n h thufc thiir h a i ciia sir l i e n k e t c h i n h l a sir giSng keo Ian nhau ciia kho hai
{Hai thon

chung

lai mot lang - Ca sao ben dy chdng

kho ba (Bdo r&ng each tra do giang)

sang ben nay) s i n h nd ra

t h i cap luc bat thiif h a i ciia c h i n h k h d ba

l a i hoa k i e p dau t h a i t h a n h k h o bon (Tuang

tit thdc may dem roi).

Rieng kho

k e t l a i " n i e m " v d i kh6' dau, t h u a n g n h d v d i r a t n h i l u nhOfng t h o n Doai thon
Dong, v d i n h a e m n h a a n h , nhufng cau vdi t r a i t r i u t h a t boi r o i t a m can!
Bay g i d d i vao y c h i n h ciia bai t h a vdi chat t h a h a i gipng: t r a c h moc tho
t h a n . TriTdc h e t noi v§ sU t r d c h moc. D i t r a c h moc t r o n g n h d n h u n g , ngirdi ta
t i m r a nhOfng cai cd. Nhufng cai cd nay n h i e u k h i r a t v6 t i n h , t r a c h k h o n g oan.
Cdi cd d day m a chang t r a i diTa r a c h i xoay quanh cai true ciia y t h o xiTa: "HOfu
duyen t h i e n l i n a n g t u a n g ngo", hay ca dao cung noi "Yeu nhau t a m tuf niii
cung treo". Vay m a d day, giOfa chang vdi n a n g dau cd each n i i i , each song?
GiOfa " H a i t h o n chung l a i m o t l a n g " dau cd p h a i la " t h i e n li"? K h o n g nhOfng
t r a c h moc m a con nhiT c h i chiet, day n g h i e n :
Bdo r&ng each tra do
Khong

sang la chdng
Nhung

ngang

ditang sang da

day cdch mot dau

ddnh

dinh

Co xa xdi mdy md tinh xa xdi.

160


Diing la d day, Nguyen B i n h da dung luc bat dieu noi
bat

dieu ngam ( n h u Truyen

c h i n g han), ngon

Kieu

chiJ

k h o n g p h a i luc

gan gui de n o i duoc

ngijf

n6i niera sau k i n rngt each h o n n h i e n . Giong dieu eo t i n h ehat p h a n t r i n eung
nhkm vac cai dieh aiy. NhOfng tijf lap n h u tCf sang, tix xa xoi eo m o t t r o n g a m y
nghia nhan vao
luan: n g U d i

sU

bat cong, 15 dd ma

ngUdi

n o i l a n a n n h a n . Con vdi each lap

t a the k i a eon m i n h the no l a i eo gi n h u oan

uTe

l a m t a n g l e n cai

tam trang gian h d n r a t d i thixcmg cua ngucri t r o n g euoe. T r a c h cr day l a t r a c h
nhe, gian eung l a g i a n yeu. Xet cho eung do cung l a mot
gian

thuf

h a n h phuc "Duac

hcJn nhau sung sUdng biet bao n h i e u " (Xuan Dieu). N h u t i g t r a c h gian hay

day nghien, t a t ca deu r a t ngay t h a theo cai l o i suy d i e n m o t chieu. B d i le t i n h
yeu cua chang t r a i chi l a t i n h yeu dan phucfng, t i n h yeu mot p h i a . P h i a ngiTcfi

con gai dau da eo "nSm tao bay t u y e t " ho hen gi m a chang t r a i eo quyen t r a c h
gian? Do vay, c6 n o i t h e , noi nCa cung ch4ng dong long ail
Tat ca d i u dat t r e n cai n§n gia t u d n g m a t i e n g dong vong k h o n g cot de a i
nghe, chi m i n h n o i m i n h nghe, nghe t r o n g s U le bong, eo dcfn m a t r d n e n t h a
thiet, nao long:
Ngdy qua, ngdy Iqi qua
La. xanh nhugm

ngay

da thdnh

cay la

Cai dau cua tCr " n h u o m " k h o n g chi l a

d

vdng

cho no khac v d i " n h u o m "

nhif

c6

ngi/di da so sanh d s U hoan t a t hay k h d i dau m o t qua t r i n h b i e n doi, m a cai
chinh la t a m t r a n g hoa t h i e n n h i e n , chu quan hoa k h a c h quan tao n e n m o t
dong cam giCifa tao v a t v d i con ngirdi. T r o n g s i i dong cam ay, m o t chuSi t h d i
gian v6 vong da dien ra, ng^y no noi ngay k i a "Sau dong cang lac cang day".
La vang cua

eo

Von la h i vong

cay

tUotng

tUcri

x a n h , nay no t ^ n heo m a t r o i . H a i cau t h a ay gai n h d h a i

l a le t a t n h i e n k h i mua t h u den, n h u t i g k h o n g p h a i .

cau tha khac c6 m o t i p t u a n g duong:
Thu sang, roi lai thu

sang

Cue bao tan nd thu vdng bao red
(Dong du le)
Den day t h i giong t h a t h u a n g m i n h m d i nuTc n d t r a o dang: "Tirang tiX thiJc
maiy dem r o i - B i e t cho ai, h o i a i
long

ngiTdi

biet cho!". Co m o t sir k i m n 6 n t r o n g

nhifng cam long k h o n g duac giong n h u N g u y i n K h u y e n k h i m a t Duang

Khue: "Cau t h a n g h i d ^ n do k h o n g v i e t - V i e t dua a i , ai biet ma dua". Cung
hun hut xa xoi m o t dai t r o n g each t r d , chi c6 khac mot l a t i n h yeu, m o t l a t i n h
ban ma t h o i .

t i n h b a n nay ke m a t ngudi con, dieu aiy t h i con c6 l i , n h i m g

vdi t i n h yeu, no t h a t p h i l i :
Bao gia ben mai gap do
Hoa khue cdc biiam giang

ho gap

nhau?

Cau t h a h a m n g h l a m i a m a i d s\X doi lap m g t l a "hoa khue cac" v d i m p t l a
"budm giang ho".

161


K e t thiic b a i thcf l a m o t dung cong nhUng c6 p h a n 16 lidu. Dung cong l a fl
ch6 ngUcfi t h a da goi gio bo'n phUcfng theo l o i don dap bac cau. T h o i t h i trau
cau, n h a e m n h a a n h , t h o n Doai t h o n D o n g d i i het, giong nhiX m o t thuT l& citdi
t i n h t h a n nhiftig c6 dau t r o n biet:
Thon

Dodi thi nha thon

Cau thon Doai nha gidu khong

Dong
thon

ndo?

H a i cau k e t c h i l a m o t k h o a n g t r o n g d a n h cho m o t ngUori m a chiing t a deu
biet do l a a i . C h i can thay t h e " t h o n nao" b k n g " t h o n n a n g " l a xong, nhUng
nhif t h e t h i y tuT 16 r a het. Ngay n h u n o i " t h 6 n nao" cung c6 lip mcf gi dau? Can
mot each n o i k i n dao hcfn, nhUng c6 le v i qua yeu ma chang t r a i da k h 6 n g t i m
dugc cho m i n h m o t ncfi a n nap?
P h a n t i c h b a i Ti/amg tii c u a N g u y d n B i n h .
Tuang tU nguyen n g h i a t i e n g H a n l a n h d nhau, day l a m o t t a m t r a n g pho
bien t r o n g t i n h yeu. Da yeu nhau t h i thUcfng p h a i c6 tuang tiC. C h i n h n h a thc(
N g u y i n B i n h da viet:"Gi6 miia l a chuyen ciia gi6i - Tucfng tU l a benh ciia t o i
yeu nang". Rat n h i e u n h a thcf khac k h i v i e t ve t i n h yeu da coi t r a n g t h a i
tirang t\i l a t a m t r a n g pho bien cua m p i luTa yeu nhau:
- Xa anh noi nha Idm sao
Chan diing

to kien long chao gio

cdnh.

(Ly Phi/ang Lien)
- Anh bdng nha em nhu dong ve nha ret

(Che Lan Vien)
- Long

em nha den anh

Cd trong

ma con thiic

(Xuan Quynh)
N h a thcf X u a n Dieu viet ve n 6 i n h d t r o n g t i n h yeu c6 le dac biet nhat: "Anh
n h 4 t i e n g , a n h n h d h i n h , a n h n h d a n h - A n h n h d em, a n h n h d l a m em oi".
T h a m c h i k h i ong viet: "Yeu l a chet or t r o n g long mot i t " , t h i cai ma Xuan Dieu
" p h o n g d a i " l e n l a chet

do thifc r a cung l a m o t bien t h 6 ciia t r a n g t h a i nhd

n h u n g , k h o sd t r o n g t i n h yeu m a t h o i .
Tuy n h i e n , t r o n g t h o i quen s i i dung ng6n ngiJ ciia ngUcfi V i e t , tUcfng til
t h u d n g duac hieu n g h i e n g ve sU bieu dat t i n h cam n h d n h u n g dcfn phUcfng. Sic
t h a i tUOng tU t r o n g b a i thcf ciia N g u y i n B i n h cung phan nao n o i l e n d i i u do.
Do t a m t r a n g pho b i e n k h i yeu n h a u l a ngUdi t a thUcfng c6 nhufng doi hoi, khat
v o n g vifort qua mufc b i n h thUcfng, n e n k h i k h 6 n g diicfc dap ilng day dii, ngUoti ta
cung CO t h e buon ba, k h o dau, t r a c h moc. T r o n g bai thcf ciia m i n h , Nguyin
B i n h h e t sufc t i n h te' t r o n g viec d i i n t a cac sdc t h a i t i n h cam t r o n g tUctng
TUang

tiC k h 6 n g dcfn gian c h i diTng l a i a n o i n h d n h u n g , ca bai thcf la sU van

dpng t a m t r a n g h e t sufc song dong ciia cai t o i truf t i n h , bofi cung giong n h u tinh
162


yeu, de t o n t a i , t i n h cam ttfcfng t u luon luon v a n dong. V a n dong cung c h i n h \k
tarn t r a n g ban k h o a n , hcfn d6i. K h i vSn k h o n g n h a n duoc t i n hieu t r a 16i, chu
the trOr t i n h chuyen sang hcjn t r a c h , t h d t h a n . Cuoi cung l a nhCfng Udc vong mcf
ho ve mot t i n h yeu difcfc den ddp. N g h i a la, ngay ca k h i h i d a t n h a t , nhOng
cap t i n h n h a n v a n t i n vao ph6p mau cua t i n h yeu. N g u y i n B i n h t r o n g

Tuang

tu cung the.
Trong bai thcf Tuang

tu, n h a n vat ngUcfi con t r a i k h i k h o n g dugc dap utag

tinh cam yeu t h i i a n g , to y h 6 n doi, t r a c h moc ngUcfi con gai. D i l u nay vira c6 11
lai vifa k h o n g c6 l i . K h o n g c6 l i v i chang t r a i k h o n g c6 ccr sot nao de doi h o i
ngudi con gai dap uTng t i n h cam cua m i n h , neu c6 t a k h o n g t i m t h a y is a n h sU
dong cam yeu thucfng. Va nOfa, cung k h o n g c6 cO sd nao cho biet ngUdi con gai
da n h a n lc(i yeu chang t r a i . K h i chua c6 t i n h yeu thiTc sU, ngiTdi con gai l a m
sac CO t h i chu dong h o i h a n , dap iJng t i n h cam ngifdi con t r a i difdc. T h a m c h i
ngay ca k h i da yeu nhau, t i n h cam va each doi xuT cua ngUcfi con gai cung
khong hoan toan giong v d i ngir6i con t r a i . T r o n g t i n h yeu, ngifcji con gai
thirdng chi bay to nhe n h a n g , k i n dao chuf k h o n g cuong n h i e t v6 vap n h u ngifdi
ban khac gidi. N h a thcf N g u y i n Duy da tCftig so sanh sif khac n h a u t r o n g t i n h
cam yeu duong cua hai giai nhir the nay t r o n g bai Bdu trai
Mat trai la trai tim
Mat trang

vuong:

anh

vdnh vanh Id tinh cua em.

O mot goc do khac, sU t r a c h moc, d6i hcfn ciia ngiTcfi con t r a i t r o n g

Tuang

tu, l a i hoan toan c6 l i . T r o n g t i n h yeu, ngUdi con t r a i thuorng c6 nhOfng doi h o i ,
yeu sach cuong n h i e t , m a n h me han ngiT&i ban gai ciia m i n h . Hoac cung c6
the, k h i to r a "yeu t h e " hcfn t r o n g t i n h yeu, ngUcfi con t r a i p h a i "chiJng m i n h "
bang sii nong n h i e t cua m i n h . Va v i the a n h t a p h a i t r a c h moc hcfn dSi. T r o n g
tinh yeu, " h a n h dong" nay doi k h i cung la each bay to ro r a n g , triTc t i e p t i n h
cam yeu thifcfng.
T r o n g each hky to t i n h cam yeu thucfng, so v d i Xuan Dieu, " n h a thcf m d i
nhat t r o n g cac n h a thcf m d i " , Nguyen B i n h t r o n g Tuang
que". Ca bai thcf Tuang

tU d a m mau she "chan

tu l a m o t sU v a n dong d i i n bien qua cac t r a n g t h a i

tinh cam phuTc tap m a t i n h te ciia tac gia. A m dieu luc bat t r o n g b a i thcf tiT dau
d§n cuoi luoh giiJ dUOc n h i p dieu cham chap, bu5n buon r a t p h i i hop v d i t i n h
cam yeu diTcfng ciia m o t chang t r a i t h o n que. Cach ngat n h i p cau thcf luc bat
v i n luon giif difcfc net t r u y e n t h o n g : cau thcf chii yeu difcfc ngat theo n h i p 2/2/2,
chiif k h o n g hoan toan b i pha vd nhiT quan d i e m cua tac gia bien soan sach giao
vien, k h i cho rSng no n g ^ t n h i p 3/3. C h i n g h a n cau thtf: "Ngay

qua/ngay

lai/qua ngay - L a xanh/nhuom da t h k n h cay/la vang". Day l a cau t h a d i e n t a
thdi gian va tarn t r a n g t i n h yeu t h a t t i n h te cua NguySn B i n h . Ngay ca k h i
nhir k h o n g con giuf dugc sU b i n h t i n h , ngUdi con t r a i t i i horn doi, b a n k h o a n
chuyen sang t a m t r a n g t h d t h a n , lo lang, n h i p thcf v a n giiJ diTdc ve deu deu
binh t h a n . Cuoc ddi con ngudi ngfin n g i i i , t h d i gian chang dcfi chd a i , t i n h yeu

163


l a i c h i n g dS dang. K h o n g n h u Xuan Dieu, k h i xac d i n h t i n h yeu la quy gia,
dbi ngUcfi t h i n g d n n g u i , v i t h e p h a i "voi v a n g " ("Mau vdti chiif, voi vang l e n v(Ji
chuT - E m , e m cfi t i n h non da g i ^ r o i " ) , t r o n g Tuang

tii, NguySn B i n h k h o n g ho

hao, k h o n g n 6 i n h i l n g I d i to t a t . Ngay ca k h i da t h a m t h i a n 8 i p h i e n muon vi
doi ch6, k h i d a n g l o n g p h a i t h a n t h d , chang t r a i vSn nhe n h a n g , t h u n g th^ng:
"Ngay qua ngay l a i qua ngay - L a x a n h n h u p m da t h a n h cay la vang". Doc
nhOfng cau thcf ciSa X u a n Dieu t r o n g bai Day mua thu tai: " T r o n g viTcfn s i c do
rua m a u x a n h " , t a t h a y t h d i gian t r o i d i v u n vut. Con k h i NguySn B i n h viet
" L d x a n h n h u o m da t h a n h cay la vang", t a t h a y thcri gian t r o i d i t h a t cham
chap. T a m t r a n g sot ruot, lo Idng h i e n dan len qua nhufng h i n h a n h , v i von
t i n h te, sfiu sic. T r o n g cau thcr t r e n , Nguy§n B i n h dung chCf "nhuom", l a i dat
trUdc tir chi t h d i gian "da", ong v i e t : " L a x a n h nhuom da.." chuf k h o n g v i e t "la
x a n h da nhuom..". V i e t nhU t h e , n h a t h o chi r a ducfc skc t h a i t h d i gian duac
chiem nghi§m tCr ben t r o n g , n g h i a l a c6 ca t h d i gian k h a c h quan va chii quan,
v i the no c h a m chap... Va nOfa, N g u y i n B i n h cung k h o n g v i e t nhif N g u y i n Du:
"Ngudi l e n ngifa ke chia bao -

Riftig phong t h u da nhuom mau quan san".

"Nhuo'm" chi n o i den sU t h a y doi sAc mau m d i dien r a , hoac dang d i l n r a , chifa
h i n da k e t thiic. "Nhuo'm" m d i chi diroc sU t h a y doi mau sac ben ngoai, do tic
dong cua ngoai canh. M i i a t h u da l ^ m cho riftig phong n h u o m "mau quan san".
T r o n g k h i do, N g u y i n B i n h dung chS nhuom,

l a i dat trudc tii' da, n h a m k h ^ g

d i n h m a n h me sir b i e n doi ve m a t t h d i gian. Sac mau t h d i gian d day c6 the
c6n dirac h i e u t i n h te hcfn nuTa: p h a i chang k h o n g chi t h d i gian m a ca "tuong
t\f cung gdp p h a n l a m cho " L d x a n h n h u p m da t h a n h cay la vang"?
T r o n g so cac n h a t h o m d i V i e t N a m giai doan 1930 - 1945, khac vdi Xuan
D i e u , Che L a n V i e n , H a n Mac Tijf,... thirdng dupe coi la n h u n g n h k thcf "hiSn
d a i , m d i me", dac b i e t n h u X u a n Dieu - " m d i n h a t t r o n g nhOfng n h a t h o m d i " Nguyen B i n h , ngiipc l a i , r a t c6 d i e n , t r u y e n t h o n g , nhijfng gieng
san dinh,
quyen

nhUng chang

nudc, ao long,

trai, c6 gdi tinh cam mgc mac, chdn thanh

tha thiet vd

ru. B e n canh A n h Tho, Doan V a n CCr, B a n g Ba Lan,... nhiJng n h a Thcf

m d i vSn lUU l a i dupe ve dep i\i ngan ddi bufc t r a n h l a n g que V i e t N a m . Nguyin
B i n h , d muTc dp d a m dac h o n , con k h o i day t r o n g hon t h o dan tpc, nhOfng canh
quan t h i e n n h i e n quen thupc, dan da. Tuang

tU l a mot t r o n g so' nhOfng bai thfl

t h I h i e n cho dac d i e m t r e n .
N g u y i n B i n h md dau b a i t h o b^ng su g i a i bay t i n h cam tU n h i e n , chan
t h a n h , mpc mac:

Thon Dodi ngoi nhd thon

Bong

Mot ngUdi chin nhd mUdi mong mot

ngUdi.

Ngay tii h a i cau t h o md dau, xac lap chu the va doi t u p n g n l i n h d nhung,
t i n h cam dupc g i a i bay t r o n g cau t h o cung d a m mau sAc l a n g que. M o i duy§n
que gan n h u hoa quypn t r o n g tirtig net dang t h i e n n h i e n , canh vat, dan da. Cu
t h I , n o i ve cai t o i . Chii the n o i n h d , n h a t h d bong gio r ^ n g , t o i k h o n g phai t6i
ma l a thon

Dodi,

nkng,

doi tUdng cua n 5 i n h d , k h o n g p h a i n a n g ma thon

164


Dong. T h o n D o a i , t h o n D o n g , nhOmg cAi t e n h e t d o i q u e n t h u 6 c vnao n a y nor mo'i d u y e n

que, l a of do x u a t h i e n c a n h que

quen thuoc.

thon, l a n g , b e n d o , c o n

s o n g , d a u d i n h , b i f d m , h o a , g i a n g i a u , h a n g cau,... c6

mat t r o n g k h d p m o i n a i cua tUcfng t i t . . N o i thcf N g u y e n

Binh dam

NhOfng

dac

chfi't

chan que c h i n h l a n h u t h e .
N e t dac sac n g h e t h u a t cua N g u y e n B i n h t r o n g b a i thcf Tuang

tu d u o c t h e

hi§n t r u d c t i e n d t a i n a n g suf d u n g n h u a n n h u y e n t h g t h o l u c b a t , m o t t h e thcf
t r u y e n t h o n g l a u d d i cua d a n t p c V i ? t . Tuang

ta g i o ' n g nhiT m o t b a i ca d a o

dai

vdi l o i t i , p h u , hiifng,... n h u a n n h u y e n v a h o a n c h i n h . C h a t d a n g i a n t r o n g b a i
thcf cua N g u y i n B i n h t h e h i $ n t r o n g 16'i bo' cue, l o i l i e n tiXcfng, e a c h d u n g

dia

danh v a n g o n nguf g a n n h u t h a m d a m t r o n g ca b a i thcf. V e e a c h b o cue, t o chufc
Icfi thcf, N g u y e n

B i n h bao

gicf c u n g g S n h i n h a n h c o n

n g U d i vdri m o i t r U c f n g ,

t h i e n n h i e n t h a n t h u o c ncfi l a n g q u e : t h o n l a n g , d u 6 n g x a , d a u d i n h , b e n
vucfn rau,... D e l a m n o i b a t s i c

t h d i t u a n g tU, o n g bao

g i d c u n g eo t i n h

do,
chia

tach h a i d o i t U O n g c a i t o i t r U t i n h v a n h a n v a t t r U t i n h , e m v a a n h , v e h a i d a u
cau t h o de t a o k h o a n g e a c h : " M o t ngUcfi... m o t ngUcfi", " T h o n Doai... t h o n D o n g " ,
"thon... l a n g " . . . N h i J n g h i n h a n h c a p d o i c u n g ducfc k h a i t h a c n h u m o t h e

thong

so s d n h , l i e n t u d n g dSc d u n g : t h o n D o a i / t h o n D o n g , t o i / n a n g , n h a a n h / n h a

em,

cau t h o n D o a i / g i a u t h o n D o n g , h o a k h u e cac/budfm g i a n g ho,...
V e n g o n ngijf, n h a thcf thucfng x u y e n k h a i t h a c c h a t l i e u d a n g i a n , c h a n que, tiT
dia d a n h : thon
s6' t\i mot,

chin,

Doai,
mitai,

thon

Dong,

d e n t h a n h ngOr: chin

nha,

milai

ca nhCfng

mong,

v o n l a each n o i q u e n t h u o c t r o n g d a n g i a n . "Tuang

tU \k

mot k h i i c ca d a n g i a n c6 s u t u o n g i l n g ve y ve Icfi, m a c h thcf m d r a v a k e t t h i i c v i t a
mang t a r n t r a n g ca n h a n l a i m a n g t i n h c a m v a t a m l i c o n g d o n g ciia l a n g

que

trong s i n h h o a t dcfi thucfng", d i i n g n h u n h a n x e t cua G i a o sU l i a M i n h DUc.
Tuang

tu l a b a i t h o t h e h i e n c h a y b o n g k h a t v o n g lUa d o i . G a n n h U t i t d a u

den cuoi b a i thcf, t a c g i a l u o n sijf d u n g cac cap d o i t h e h i e n k h a t vong
the l i e t k e d d a y cac cap d o i n h u t h e d t i t n g k h o t h o : t h o n D o ^ i (cau 1), m o t ngUcfi -

m o t n g U d i (cau 2 ) , g i 6 mUa ciia t r d i -

nay.

thon

C6

Dong

tUcfng t U ciia n g U d i

(cau 2 v a 3 ) , t h o n - l a n g (cau 5 ) , l a x a n h - l a v a n g (cau 8 ) , a i - a i (cau 14),

ben

- do (cau 1 5 ) , h o a k h u e cac - b u d m g i a n g h6 (cau 16), n h a e m - n h a a n h , g i a n
giau - h a n g cau (cfiu 1 7 , 18), cau t h o n D o a i -

g i a u t h o n D o n g (cau 2 0 ) .

Chinh

nhijtng cap d o i co y n a y d a gop ph4n d i e luc v a o v i e c d i e n t a t a m t r a n g tUcfng t U ,
noi l o n g . B a i thcf d a t h e h i e n p h o n g each n g h e t h u a t ca t i n h v a s a n g t a o

cua

nha t h o N g u y e n B i n h - m o t t r o n g b a " d i n h cao T h o m d i " ( C h u V a n Scfn).

Ve dep " c h a n que" trong bai the*

TiiOng

tii

cua Nguyin Binh.

G 0 I Y LAM BAI
1. Gidi thi$u tac gia
D a l a t h i s i cua y e u t h u c f n g , n g o a i

ddi Nguyen

Binh h^n phai nhieu l i n

tuong t u m d i d i i n g . N h U n g I a n n a y , "tUcfng t U " t r d t h a n h m p t t h i p h § m

dpc

165


dao, n6 1^ tha hien dai - Tha mdi, nhtfng vSn dam chat "chan que", lam nen
mot phong each tai hoa ma gian di, mot tieng noi cua "thon dan" (D5 Lai
Thiiy) vCfa hien dai, tinh te ma cung rat mirc chan thanh, tham d i m h6n que!
2. Ve dep chan que trong npi dung bai thof
Viet ve t i n h yeu difcfc xem la de tai "tii" cua Tha mdi. Co tinh yeu tan v9, cb
tinh yeu viTa chdm nd... vdi khong biet bao sic mau day bien hoa trong tinh
trirdng xUa nay. Nguyen Binh viet Tuang tu va xem do nhu la mot "benh" cua
rieng cai toi trvJ tinh trong gid phiit ay:
Thon Doai ngSi nha thon Dong
Mot ngi/cfi chin nha miCai niong mot ngiCai.
Mifcm thon lang de ain minh trong do \h each quen thupc cua ca dao, khi mk
"cai toi" phai nhap vao cong dong mdi c6 thg yen vil Cai dieu muo'n giai bay 1^
d chuyen ngifdi nhd kia: chin nha miiai mong la mot thanh nguf dUcfc dat gifla
cau thcr, hai dau con lai la mdt ngicai va c6n lai ben kia nufa, v i n mot ngudi.
Nhir vay la c6 khoang each khong gian (va ca thdi gian?) de do dem. Nhcf \k
mong la bi§u hien ciia tUcfng tU? Khac rat xa vdi Anh trong Tuang tiC, chieu
cua Xuan Dieu.
- Cach lay trdi dat ra de the thot, hoae de trach eiJ, hoac la so sanh von cua
ca dao ("So me hkng dat, so cha bkng trdi... ", "Thay anh nhu thaiy mat trdi...",
"Niii che mat trdi khong thay ngUdi thuong"...). NguySn Binh cung miTOn,
nhiXng mtfon "benh eiia gidi" de so vdi "benh ciia toi" t h i to gan qua, chi c6 t h i
c6 d mot nha tho hien dai thoi. Tuy nhien, "cai toi" cua Nguyin Binh khong 16
ro nhu Xuan Dieu va nhi§u nha tho khac, ho nghenh ngang hon, ho gao man
hon nhieu. Nguyin Binh cd so sanh nhu vay cung chi vi ed khep ngUdi ta nghe
minh cho thuan long trdi thoi! Van chan que la chd ay.
- Ke le va giai bay la each quen thuoc ciia ca dao duoc nha tho triet de sii

dung. Nd phu hop vdi tam trang nhd nhung ciia ke tuong tu. Di qua ca giai
bay la hdn trdch, kiem cd m^ trach hdn cho kheo: Vi hai thon ma that ra la
mot lang, vi ngd khong gan nhung cd xa gi dau! Chang do ngang, ching c6n
con cd de xa mat each long duoc nUa. Loi ndi vong vo kheo leo ay cung nhuo'm
mau sic ciia ca dao nhu "Hom qua tat nudc dau dinh", khien ngUdi nghe hdn
trach ma van d i chap nhan, v i n thuong yeu. Va, quan trong hon la ... lai nhd
hon, boi hoi k h i c khoai, bang khuang ... nghia la "triing" vao cai "bay" ciia
ngUdi than van kia tU bao gid! Tai hoa ciia Nguyen Binh la d ch6 ay. Cd sip
dat hki ban ma v i n nhU v6 hinh, nhu v6 l i ; hay la dung cai v6 l i , v6 l i de noi
cho duoc cai hUu duyen?
- Khat khao chay bong duoc cat len:
Bao gia ben mdi gdp do?
Hoa khuS cdc, budm giang ho gap nhaii?
Day la hai cau tho hi#n dai nhat trong bai tho. Hinh anh ben vd do thi
khong la, nhung hoa vd biCdm t h i da cd phan mdi me. Nd cd chat t h i thanh, c6
166


anh s a n g cua " d e n d i e n " chur k h o n g p h a i l a " n e n sap". ChiTa k e d e n c h u y e n ao
ifdc ngUcJc d 6 i , v 6 l i : b e n g a p do m a k h o n g p h a i do g a p b e n , h o a d i t i m b u d m
chil k h o n g p h a i t h u a n l e xUa n a y !
N h u t i g , d u sao,

sii " v 6 l i " v i n dixoc c h a p n h a n v i n a m t r o n g t o a n b o

he

thong " l i l e " cua k e t u o n g t u s u o t c h i e u doc c i i a b a i t h o . V i "tUcfng t u " m a , v d i
tarn t r a n g " b o i h o i " l a l u n g n e n mdti t h e ! N a o a i t r a c h cuf g i n h u f n g k e t J O n g t i f .
Cuoi cung, b a i t h o v i n " c h a n que" d cai t i n h n g u d i , t i n h t h a .

C h a t c h a n que a y c i i a Ticang

tU t h e h i e n d n o i d u n g t i n h c a m s a u sac

ciia

bai.thot: M a c d u v i e t v e t i n h y e u n h i f t i g k h o n g s a u m o n g ; v i e t v e nhcf

nhung

nhifng k h o n g t u y e t v o n g , t o t i n h c6 ve d o n p h U O n g n h i f n g v S n t i n v a o

duyen

cau - t r a u n h u m o t q u y l u a t h o p l o n g t r d i v a n h a t l a h o p v d i t r u y e n t h o n g v a n
hoa t h o n l a n g b e n v i J n g xifa n a y : " H a i t h o n c h u n g l a i m o t l a n g " . T a t c a d e u
CO, t r a u cau d a s S n , c o n

da

chef g i niira, n h i ? T i n h y e u a d a y g a n l i e n v d i k h a o

khat h a n h p h i i c , v d i h o n n h a n d o i I d a , r a t g a n v d i t i n h t r o n g c a d a o xUa.

3. V e d e p c h a n q u e t r o n g h i n h thufc n g h ^ t h u ^ t
V e d e p " c h a n q u e " t r o n g b a i t h o n a y k h o n g c h i d e a c h sijf d u n g t h e l o a i l u c
bat d a n toe c u n g nhOmg h i n h a n h q u e n t h u o c , b i e n p h a p so s a n h t r u y e n t h o n g ,
xak c o n c a d e a c h k e t c a u "c6 h a u " n a y nufa d p h a n c u o i ciia b a i thcf:
Nha
Nha

em c6 mot gian

gidu,

anh c6 mot hang cau lien
Thon

Cau thon

Boat
Boat

thi nha thon

nha gidu

khong

phong.
Bong,
thon

nao?

- H a n g l o a t nhOfng " c a p d o i " x u a t h i e n n g a y tiT d a u b a i t h o , d e n d o a n c u o i
nay, l a p l a i v d i m o t m d e d a m dae h o n : thon Bodi
anh, gian gidu - hang
- L o i n o i b o n g gio

- thon Bong,

nha em -

nha

cau.
n h U n g r a t t i n h te, nen cung k h a ro r a n g , m a c h

lac.

Tucfng t u , h d n t r a c h , Udc mong... de t o t i n h . C a c budc t u a n t y n h a v a y t a c u n g
thifcfng hit

g a p t r o n g m o t so' b a i c a d a o t o t i n h (Anh

Bern qua tat nUac dau dinh...).

lam tha mgc Thanh

Hoa,

N g u y i n B i n h s a n g tao h o n , i n dau an h i e n d a i

hcfn, n h i f t i g n e t d e p " c h a n q u e " , h o n que v a n vUOng v a n t r o n g h o n v i a cua b a i
thcj. T r o n g k h i k h o n g i t t h i s i c u n g t h d i , d i i i t n h i e u v I n i n d a u a n c i i a m o t so
nha t h o T a y p h u o n g , t h i N g u y i n B i n h v S n t h i i y c h u n g v d i thcf d a n g i a n t r u y e n
t h o n g . V f i n h i e n d a i k h i " t h o n d a n " N g u y e n B i n h c6 " g i a n d i u v d i k i n h t h a n h "
doi b a I a n , s o n g cot e a c h t h o c i i a o n g , v a n "giijf c h a n q u e " , t h a t d u y e n d a n g

va

hap d a n .
- Lay khong

g i a n que

lam khong

g i a n t o t i n h , c a n h sac

r a t gan gui vdi

nhCmg m i e n que Bac B o , c o n d o , h a n g c a u , m a i d i n h , b e n mrde... B a i t h o

phang

p h a t k h o n g g i a n v i f a l a n g m a n , vCra b i n h d i , q u e n t h u o c .
- H o n que c o n diTOc t h § h i e n d h a u h e t m o i y e u t o c i i a b a i thcf, k e c a n g o n
tif, thvJ n g o n t i f m o c m a c , k h i e m n h u d n g , k i n d a o , h i n h a n h d e n g i o n g d i e u truT
t i n h v i f a k e 16, t h a n t r a c h , vCfa g i a i b a y t h a t h i e t . . .
167

I