Modal auxiliaries - Perfect infinitive.doc

Modal auxiliaries + Perfect infinitive:
A. Diễn tả sự suy đoán từ quá khứ
1. Must have + P2: Chắc rằng đã
- Tom didn’t come to class. He must have been ill.
2. May/ Might/ Could + have + P2: Có lẽ là… đã
- Mai has bought a lots of cakes. Her mother may have given her more money.
3. Can’t have + P2: Chắc rằng không
- Hoa looks self-confident. She can’t have lost the game.
B. Diễn tả sự phàn nàn hay chê trách
4. Need have + P2: Lẽ ra phải
- You need have come here earlier, but you didn’t.
5. Needn’t have + P2: Lẽ ra không cần
- You needn’t have told her. Why did you meet her?
6. Should have + P2: Lẽ ra nên làm
7. Ought to have + P2: Lẽ ra nên làm
- All of you should have been here on time. I’m very disappointed
8. Shouldn’t have + P2: Lẽ ra không nên làm
I wonder why did a foolish thing. He shouldn’t have driven too fast.
I. Complete the following sentences with modal auxiliaries + perfect infinitive
1 I. Why didn’t you aked me? I ……………………………… (lend) you some money.
2 He didn’t send the massage to me. He ……………………………… (do) it.
3 You ……………………………… (tell) me. I’m annoyed that you didn’t.
4 I wonder How Tom knew the news. He ……………………………… (hear) from
Jack.
5 You should have stayed here last night. You ……………………………… (not
leave).
6 Tom was here alone yesterday. He ……………………………… ( take) my bike to
go somewhere.
II. Write sentences with could or could have.
7 He didn’t want to help us. But he ........................................................................
8 He doesn’t want to help us. But he ......................................................................

9 They don’t want to lend us any money. But ........................................................
10 She didn’t want to have anything to eat. ..............................................................
III. Read the information about Ken:
Ken doesn’t know any Spanish
Ken is very rich and generous
Ken was ill on Friday night
Ken doesn’t know anything about machines
Ken can’t drive
Ken was free on Monday afternoon
A lot of people wanted Ken to do different things last week but they couldn’t contact him.
So he didn’t do any of these things. You have to say whether he could have done or
couldn’t have done these things (if he had know).
1 Ann wanted him to come to a party on Friday night.
He ............................................ because ..............................................................
2 Jim wanted him to play tennis on Monday afternoon.
He .........................................................................................................................
3 Sue wanted him to translate a Spanish newspaper article into English.
............................................ because ....................................................................
4 Jack wanted Ken to lend him ₤20.
..............................................................................................................................
5 Ken’s mother wanted him to repair her washing machine.
..............................................................................................................................
IV. Complete these sentences using must (have)... or can’t (have).
1 “Are they married?” “Yes, they must ..................................................................”.
2 “Is he serious?” “No, he can’t ..............................................................................”.
3 “Were they in a hurry?” “Yes, they .....................................................................”.
4 “Does Ann know a lot of people?” “Yes, she ......................................................”.
5 “Did Tom know about the plan?” “Yes, he ........................................................”.
6 “Do they have much money?” “No, they ............................................................”.
7 “Was he driving carefully?” “No, he ...................................................................”.

8 “Are they waiting for somebody?” “Yes, they ....................................................”.
V. Read the situation and write a sentence with must have or can’t have. Use the words in
brackets.
1 That dress you bought is very good quality. (It/must/be/very expensive)
It must ................................................................................................................
2 I haven’t seen Jim for ages. (he/must/go/away) He ............................................
3 I wonder where my umbrella is. (you/must/leave/it on the train)
.............................................................................................................................
4 Don passed the examination. He didn’t study very much for it. (the exam/can’t be/
very difficult) ......................................................................................................
5 She knew everything about our plans. (she must/listen/to our conversation)
.............................................................................................................................
6 Dennis did the opposite of what I asked him to do. (he can’t/understand/what i said)
.............................................................................................................................
7 When I woke up this morning, the light was on. (i must/forget/to turn it off)
.............................................................................................................................
8 I don’t understand how the accident happened. (the driver can’t/see/the red light)
.............................................................................................................................
VI. Make a sentence with needn’t have.
1 I don’t know why they left so early. They ...........................................................
2 I don’t know why she shouted at me like that. She .............................................
3 I don’t know why he read the whole book. .........................................................
4 I don’t know why she cancelled her holiday. ......................................................
VII. Read these situations and make sentences with needn’t have.
1 Tom went out and took an umbrella with him because he thought it is going to rain.
But it didn’t rain. ..................................................................................................
2 Jack got very angry with Jill and throw a book at her. Later Jill said: “I know you
were very angry but .............................................................................................”.
3 Brian had no money, so he sold his car. A few days later he won a lot of money in a
competition ..........................................................................................................

VIII. Read the situations and write sentences with should (have) and shouldn’t (have).
Some time you have to use the present, sometimes the past.
1 It’s very cold. Mr Taylor, who has been ill recently, is walking along the road without
the coat. He ..........................................................................................................
2 We went for a walk. While we were walking, we got hungry but we hadn’t brought
anything with us to eat. We said: We ..................................................................
3 I went to Paris. Marcel lives in Paris but i didn’t go to see him while i was there.
When i saw him later, he said: You .....................................................................
4 The notice says that the shop is open every day from 8.30. It’s is now 9 o’clock but
the shop isn’t open. ..............................................................................................
5 The driver in front stopped suddenly without warning and I drove into the back of his
car. It’s wasn’t my fault. ......................................................................................
6 The children normally go to bed at 9 o’clock. It’s now 9.30. They are not in bed; they
are watching lelevision. (two sentences) .............................................................
..............................................................................................................................
7 The accident happened because Tom was driving on the wrong side of the road.
..............................................................................................................................