tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp tiếng Anh

TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI TỐT NGHIÊP TIẾNG ANH 12

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Phụ lục
1. Pronunciation.........................................................................

Page
1

2. Tenses ...................................................................................

4

3. Verb form ( Gerund and infinitive).......................................

8

4. Subject – Verb agreement ....................................................

12

5. Reportsd speech ....................................................................

16

6. Passive voice ........................................................................

20

7. Relative clause .....................................................................

24

8. condition sentences ...............................................................

27

9. Prepositions and Articles .......................................................

32

10. Word forms .........................................................................

40

11. Clause and phrases of causes and effects............................

43

12. Clause of purpose ................................................................

47

13. Clause of concession ...........................................................

50

14. Com parisons........................................................................

53

15. Phrasal verbs …………………………………………….
16. PRONOUNS (ĐẠI TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH).............................
17. (irregular verbs) …………………………………………… ..

56
59
62

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TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI TỐT NGHIÊP TIẾNG ANH 12

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Pronunciation ( phát âm)
I. Lý thuyết
A. Các âm hữu thanh và vô thanh trong tiếng Anh:
* Hữu thanh /b, d, g, v, ð, z,ʒ,ʤ, m,n, η,l,r,,j,w/ + toàn bộ nguyên âm a,e,o,u,i.
* Vô thanh /p,t,k,f,θ,s,∫,t∫,h/
1. Quy tắc cơ bản của việc phát âm các từ tận cùng với ‘s’:
- ‘s’ được phát âm là /z/ khi theo sau các âm hữu thanh( trừ 3 âm /z, ʒ,ʤ/)
- ‘s’ được phát âm là /s/ khi theo sau các âm vô thanh trừ 3 âm/ s,∫,t∫ /
- ‘s’ được phát âm là / iz/ khi đi sau các âm / z, ʒ,ʤ, s,∫,t∫ /
2. Quy tắc cơ bản của việc phát âm các từ tận cùng với ‘ed’:
- Động từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’ được phát âm là /d/ khi theo sau các âm hữu thanh ( trừ âm /d/ )
- Động từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’ được phát âm là /t/ khi theo sau các âm vô thanh ( trừ âm /t/ )
- Động từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’ được phát âm là /id/ khi theo sau các âm /t, d/
3. PHÁT ÂM (PRONUNCIATION) : CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –S / ES VÀ -ED

Từ tận cùng là
-p, -pe
-t, -te

Thường phát âm là
/p/
/t/

Thêm –S/ES đọc là

/s/

Ví dụ
Stops, hopes, develops, copes
Bats , hats, hates, writes

-k, -ke
-gh, -ph

/k/
/f/

Books, looks, breaks, makes
Laughs, photographs

-th
-x, -s, -ce, -se
-se

/θ/

/s/
/z/

Lengths, deaths
Boxes, kisses, pieces, houses
Uses (v), browses

-sh
-ge

/∫/
/ dz /

-ch

/ t∫

/ iz /

Washes, smashes
Languages, bridges, ranges
/

/z/

Trường hợp còn lại
Từ tận cùng là
-d, -de
-t, -te
-k, -ke

-gh, -ph
-x, -s, -ce, -se
-p, -pe
-sh
-ch

Watches, matches, catches

Thường phát âm là
/d/
/t/
/k/
/f/
/s/
/p/
/∫/
/ t∫ /

Thêm –ED đọc là

/ id /
/t/

Pens, tables, disappears
Ví dụ
Decided, needed
Wanted, dedicated
Looked, caked,
Laughed, paragraphed
Mixed, missed, pronounced

Dropped, developed, roped
Established, finished
Scratched, stretched

Trường hợp còn lại và các nguyên
Used (v), prepared, cleaned,
/
d
/
âm
stayed
B. Stress
1. Từ có hai âm tiết( Two-syllable words)
- Đối với từ có hai âm tiết, trọng âm có thể rơi vào âm tiết đầu hoặc âm tiết thứ hai.
 Đối với động từ, tính từ, trạng từ, và giới từ có quy luật cơ bản sau: nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa nguyên
âm dài hoặc nguyên âm kép ( trừ ) thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai.
Vd: arrive(v), attract(v), correct(a), perfect(a), alone(adv), inside(pre)...
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TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI TỐT NGHIÊP TIẾNG ANH 12

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 Nguợc lại nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa nguyên âm ngắn hoặc nguyên âm kép ...., hoặc được kết thúc
bằng một phụ âm thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu.
Vd: open(v), borrow(v), lovely( a), sorry(a), rather(adv).............
 Đối với danh từ, nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa nguyên âm ngắn thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu.
Vd: money, product....
Ngược lại, nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa nguyên âm dài hoặc nguyên âm kép thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ

hai. Vd: balloon, design, estate...
2. Từ có ba âm tiết( three -syllable words)
 Đối với động từ , nếu âm tiết cuối là âm tiết mạnh, nó sẽ có trọng âm.
Vd: enter’tain, resur’rect...
Nếu âm tiết cuối là âm tiết yếu, trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đứng ngay trước nó,vd: encounter,
determine....
Nếu cả âm tiết thứ hai và thứ ba là âm tiết yếu thì trọng âm sẽ rơi vào âm tiết đầu tiên.
Vd: advertise, speculate.....
 Đối với danh từ, nếu âm tiết cuối cùng yếu hoặc tận cùng bằng /əu/, và âm tiết thứ hai mạnh, trọng
âm sẽ rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai đó.
Vd: statistics, potato, diaster.....;
Nếu âm tiết thứ hai và thứ ba cùng là âm tiết yếu,thì âm tiết đàu tiên sẽ mang trọng âm.
Vd: quantity, cinema, emperor......

II. Bài Tập
I. Different sound
1. A. heat
2. A. prepared
3. A. thrilling
4. A. idea
5. A. face
6. A. around
7. A. teacher
8. A. Germany
9. A. scholarship
10. A. house
11. A. sing
12. A. hundred
13. A. head
14. A. choir

15. A. charge
16. A. reason
17. A. motion
18. A. gather
19. A. change
20. A. hand
21. A. cooks
22. A. share
23. A. clothes
24. A. naked
25. A. laughed
26. A. apply
27. A. choice
28. A. final
29. A. average
30. A. course
31. A. worker
32. A. honest
33. A. character
34. A. interview
35 A. explained
36. A. economy
37. A. right
38. A. measure

B. scream
B. particular
B. other
B. going
B. place

B. sound
B. other
B. garden
B. Christ
B. harm
B. morning
B. exhausted
B. ready
B. cheap
B. child
B. clear
B. question
B. good
B. children
B. bank
B. loves
B. rare
B. cloths
B. looked
B. weighed
B. university
B. achieve
B. applicant
B. indicate
B. four
B. whom
B. holiday
B. teacher
B. minute
B. disappointed

B. industry
B. private
B. subsidies

C. meat
C. pagoda
C. through
C. will
C. prepared
C. only
C. together
C. gate
C. school
C. hour
C. any
C. however
C. mean
C. child
C. teacher
C. mean
C. mention
C. large
C. machine
C. sand
C. joins
C. are
C. roofs
C. booked
C. helped
C. identity

C. each
C. high
C. application
C. our
C. interview
C. home
C. chemist
C. question
C. prepared
C. qualify
C. communist
C. domestic

D. dead
D. attract
D. something
D. trip
D. days
D. mouse
D. term
D. gas
D. chicken
D. husband
D. hang
D. heat
D. weather
D. chair
D. champagne
D. each
D. fiction

D. again
D. church
D. band
D. spends
D. declare
D. books
D. hooked
D. missed
D. early
D. chemistry
D. decide
D. grade
D. yours
D. answer
D. happiness
D. technical
D. suitable
D. interviewed
D. priority
D. minority
D. hospital
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TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI TỐT NGHIÊP TIẾNG ANH 12

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39. A. though
40. A. improve

41. A. future
42. A. chore
43. A. threaten
44. A. wipe
45. A. service
46. A. grasses
47. A. lie
48. A. compound
49. A. dune
50. A. west
II. Stress
1. A. comprise
2. A. Aborigines
3. A. corridor
4. A. remain
5. A. territory
6. A. eject
7. A. canoeing
8 A. participant
9 A. interfere
10 A. award
11. A. social
12. A. marvelous
13. A. verbal
14. A. attract
15. A. solution
16. A. conical
17. A. physical
18. A. ancestor
19. A. commitment

20. A. dissolve
21. A. technology
22. A. between
23. A. waving
24. A. student
25. A. traditional
26. A. economics
27. A. secondary
28. A. education
29. A. because
30. A. ashtray
31. A. farewell
32. A. mischievous

B. encourage
B. introduce
B. mature
B. technology
B. earth
B. allow
B. practice
B. stretches
B. wide
B. route
B. hummock
B. between

C. enough
C. move
C. pasture

C. much
C. healthy
C. powerful
C. office
C. comprises
C. circle
C. house
C. shrub
C. growth

D. country
D. lose
D. nature
D. exchange
D. breathe
D. answer
D. device
D. potatoes
D. comprise
D. south
D. buffalo
D. which

B. sandy
B. expedition
B. enormous
B. hummock
B. Australia
B. crossbar
B. opponent

B. publicity
B. memory
B. defeat
B. conduct
B. attention
B. whistle
B. decide
B. suitable
B. determine
B. mischievous
B. measurement
B. inflation
B. observe
B. psychology
B. result
B. teaching
B. listen
B. professional
B. interfere
B. primary
B. curriculum
B. method
B. music
B. thoughtful
B. family

C. circle
C. kilometer
C. mystery
C. explore

C. geography
C. except
C. windsurfing
C. competitive
C. personal
C. refer
C. survey
C. consider
C. precede
C. reject
C. confidence
C. contractual
C. suitable
C. counterpart
C. collection
C. publish
C. reconstruction
C. ago
C. pointing
C. blackboard
C impossible
C. philosophy
C. fantastic
C. technology
C. standard
C. severe
C. toward
C. supportive

D. northern

D. scientific
D. separate
D. between
D. society
D. commit
D. defensive
D. individual
D. vertical
D. scuba
D. value
D. excited
D. marriage
D. beauty
D. family
D. supportive
D. romantic
D. appearance
D. enterprise
D. appraise
D. apology
D. coffee
D. divide
D. between
D. decoration
D. punctuality
D. national
D. integrity
D. wooden
D. temper
D. approach

D. suitable

34. A. measure
35. A. attitude

B. pressure
B. partnership

C. unwise
C. actually

D. sacrifice
D. Vietnamese

33. A. desert

36. A. survey

37. A. diversity
38. A. European

39. A. America
40. A. confide
41. A. expedition

42. A. appropriate
43. A. culture
44. A. romantic
45. A. bridegroom
46. A. supernatural

47. A. gymnastics
48. A. financial
49. A. confess
50. A. possibility

B. parallel

B. enormous

B. marriage
B. Victorian

B. equal
B. reject

B. exploration

B. interesting
B. engage
B. counterpart
B. bamboo
B. explanation
B. criminal
B. ambitious
B. function
B. manufacture

C. hummock
C. remained

C. engagement
C. Brazilian

C. maintain
C. precede
C. Australian

C. different
C. majority
C. discussion
C. wedding
C. redundancy
C. investment
C. refusal
C. jealous
C. instrument

D. aerial

D. mystery

D. importance
D. Korean

D. attractive
D. conical

D. Geographical

D. cultural

D. determine
D. appearance
D. survey
D. electronic
D. excitement
D. evidence
D. patient
D. disappointed
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TENSES ( Các thì )
1. SIMPLE PRESENT: (HTĐ)
Affir :
S+V1 /Vs, es

Ex : Water boils at 100o c.

Neg:

S+ do/ does + not+ V1

Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry.

Inter:

Do/ does+ S + V1 …?

Ex : How often do you go to school?

*(Be):am, is, are not ; (have):has/ have not +got = do / does + not + have
Diễn tả :
 Tình cảm, cảm giác, nhận thức ở hđộng.
 Thói quen, phong tục, tập quán.
 Chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên.
Với : EVERY (day, year…), ALWAYS, OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER,
EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month…), all the time, now and then . . ..
Notes : Qui tắc thêm es đối với động từ có S số ít :
- Các động từ tận cùng là : o, sh, ch, x, s, và z .
- Các động từ tận cùng là y mà đứng trước y là một phụ âm ta đổi y  i + es
( She studies, Tom tries, He plays . . .)
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HTTD)
S + am/ is/ are + Ving
Ex: We are studying English now.
S + am/ is/ are + not + Ving
Ex: She isn’t writing when he comes.
Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving ?
Ex: What are you doing while I am doing?
Diễn tả :  Hđộng đang xảy ra ở Htại vào lúc nói viết.
 2 hđộng đang kéo dài // ở Htại (while: trong khi).
 1 hđộng đang kéo dài ở Htại thì có 1 hđộng ngắn đột ngột xảy ra(S+ V1/ Vs, es)
Với : AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW, RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW, !,…
3. PRESENT PERFECT: (HTHT)
S + has/ have + V3ed
S + has/ have + not + V3ed
Has/ Have + S + V3ed?

Diễn tả:

Ex: I’ve just opened the door.
Ex: We have studied English for many years.
Ex: Jack hasn’t come recently.
Ex: How long have you studied English?

 Hđộng Qk ko rõ tg.
 Hđộng vừa mới xảy ra.
 Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qk, vẫn còn tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể tiếp tục ở Tlai.

Với: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL
TIMES, SINCE + mốc TG, FOR + khoảng TG, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO FAR…

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (HTHTTD)
S + has/ have + been + Ving.
Ex: We have been studying English for many years.
S + has/ have + not + been + Ving.
Has/ Have + S + been + Ving?
Diễn tả: - Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qkhứ, tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể đến Tlai
( nhấn mạnh tính liên tục) - since + mốc TG ; for + khoảng TG.
5. SIMPLE PAST (QKĐ)
S + V2ed
Ex: I saw him yesterday.
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TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI TỐT NGHIÊP TIẾNG ANH 12

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S + did + not + V1
Ex: She didn’t come last week.
Did + S + V1 ?
Ex: Did Mr. Lee phone an hour ago?
*(Be) : was / were → wasn’t, weren’t
Diễn tả: - Hđộng đã xảy ra & chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong Qk ( xác định rõ TG)
Với:
- YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year…)
6. PAST CONTINUOUS (QKTD)
S + was/ were + Ving
Ex: We were watching TV at 7 pm yesterday.
S + was/ were + not + Ving
Ex:I was writing while my father was reading.
Was / were + S + Ving ?
Ex: She was sleeping as the telephone rang.
Diễn tả:  Hđộng xảy ra ở 1 giờ / khoảng giờ Qk xác định ( at 7pm, from 6 to 7, …)
 2 hđộng diễn ra // ở Qk. (while: trong khi)
 1 hđộng Qk đang kéo dài thì 1 hđ ngắn đngột xảy ra (S + V2ed)
Với: AT THAT TIME, AT THAT MOMENT…
7. PAST PERFECT (QKTD)
S + had + V3ed
Ex: Last night I went to bed after I dad done my homework.
ed
S + had + not + V3
Had + S + V3ed ?
Diễn tả:
- Hđộng xảy ra trước 1 mốc TG ở Qk hoặc trước 1 hđ Qk
Với :

( trước: S+ had +V3ed ; sau: S + V2)
8. SIMPLE FUTURE (TLĐ)
S + will / shall + V1
Ex: I’ll buy it tomorrow.
S + will / shall + not + V1
Will / Shall + S + V1?
*Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t.
Diễn tả:
 Hđ sẽ xảy ra trong tlai.
 Lời yêu cầu (Will you + V1…? ); Đề nghị ( Shall I / we + V1 …?)
Với:
TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…)
9. FUTURE PERFECT (TLHT)
S + will / shall + have + V3ed .
Ex: We’ll have already finished the work by the time you get back tomorrow.
Diễn tả:
 Hđộng sẽ hoàn tất trong tlai.
* Notes:
1) Near future: (Tlai gần)
S + am/ is / are + going to + V1 : sẽ, sắp sửa, dự định…
Ex: I’m going to buy it tomorrow.
2)Một số động từ sau đây thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn
- Be : Ex: I am a student now.
- Những động từ chỉ về giác quan: see, hear, feel, look (trông có vẻ), smell, taste, recognize.
- Những động từ chỉ về cảm xúc: like, dislike love, hate, want wish, desire, refuse, forgive.
Những động từ chỉ về lí trí: understand, know, think, realize, suppose, believe, remember, forget,
mind, expect, recollect.
- Những động từ chỉ sự bắt đầu, tiếp tục, kết thúc: begin, continue, finish…

Exercise:

1. When I got home I found that water...............................down the kitchen walls
A. ran
B. was running
C. has run
D. had been running
2. After he.......................his English course, he went to England to continue his study
A. has finish
B. had finished
C. was finished
D. would finish
3. How.........................since we .....................college?
A. are you- left
B. were you- left
C. have you been- have left
D. have you been- left
4. I..................much of you lately. We..........................three months ago
A. haven’t seen- last meet
B. didn’t see- met C. haven’t seen- have meet D. didn’t see- have met
5. The Chinese.......................spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo.................back to Italy
A. made- brought B. have made- brought C. made- had brought
D. had been making- brought
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6. When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker.................speaking and the audience...................
A. just finished- were clapping

B. had just finished- had clapped
C. had just finished- were clapping
D. just finished- had clapped
7. He.............................his job last month and then he..................out of work
A. lost- was
B. was lost- had been
C. has lost- was
D. lost- has been
8. In the last hundred years, travelling.......................much easier and more comfortable
A. become
B. has become
C. became
D. will became
th
9. In the 19 century, it.............two or three months to across North America by covered wagon
A. took
B. had taken
C. had been taken
D. was taking
10. In the past, the trip...................very rough and often dangerous, but things..........a great deal in the last
hundred and fifty years
A. was- have changed
B. is- change
C. had been- will change
D.
has
beenchanged
11. She................Hanoi last year
A. went
B. go

C. goes
D. is going
12. Now you ..................from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours
A. are flying
B. would fly
C. will fly
D. can fly
13. When Carol....................last night, I................my favorite show on television
A. was calling- watched B. called- have watched
C. called- was watching
D.
had
calledwatched
14. By the time next summer, you....................your studies
A. completes
B. will complete
C. are completing
D.
will
have
completed
15. Right now, Jim.................the newspaper and Kathy...............dinner
A. reads- has cooked
B. is reading- is cooking
C. has read- was cooking
D. read- will be cooking
16. Last night at this time, they................................the same thing. She.................and he............the newspaper
A. are doing- is cooking- is reading
B. were doing- was cooking- was reading
C. was doing- has cooked- is reading

D. had done- was cooking- read
17. Sam..............to change a light bulb when he................and.........................
A. was trying-slipped- fell
B. tried- was slipping- falling
C. had been trying- slipped- was falling
D. has tried- slips- falls
18. Every day I ______up at 6 o’clock, ____breakfast at seven o’clock and_____for work at 8 o’clock
A. get- eat- leave B. have got- eating- leaving
C. got- ate- left
D. will get- have eaten- left
19. I_____ for this company for more then thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I_____next year
A. am working- will retire
B. am going to work- am retiring
C. work- am going to retire
D. have been working- retire
20. My mother is the first.................up and the last......................to bed
A. getting- going
B. to get- going
C. getting- to go
D. to get- to go
21. I must have a bath. I ......................all the afternoon
A. was gardening
B. have gardened
C. have been gardening
D. had been gardening
22. The team.................a single match so far this season
A. doesn’t win
B. didn’t win
C. hasn’t won
D. hadn’t won

23. By the time you receive this letter, I ................for the USA
A. have left
B. will leave
C. will have left
D. am leaving
24. Up to now, the manager ………………..a lot of information about his secretary.
A. learned
B. has learned
C. had learned
D. learns
25. Where is Mary? _ She ……………her homework in her room.
A. is performing
B. is making
C. is doing
D. is learning
26. While I ……………….along the road, I saw a friend of mine.
A. was cycling
B. have cycled
C. cycled
D. am cycling
27. By the time I . . . . . . . . . . this report, I will give you a ring.
A. type
B. will type
C. have typed
D. will have typed
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28. While my mother ________ a film on TV, my father was cooking dinner. It was March 8th yesterday.
A. watched
B. was watching
C. had watched
D. watches
29. The plane from Dallas ________ two hours late, so I missed my connecting flight from Frankfurt to
London.
A. took on
B. took in
C. took over
D. took off
30. When we came, a party _________ in the hall.
A. is being held
B. had being held
C. will be held
D. was being held
31. He ………….. in the same house since 1975.
A. has lived
B. is living
C. lived
D. had lived
32. When I came to visit her last night, she ________ a bath.
A. is having
B. was having
C. has
D. had
33.When we arrived at the restaurant, the others __________ .
A. left

B. have left
C. had left
D. are leaving
34. By the end of 2010 we_______ in Ho Chi Minh City for 30 years.
A. work
B. will work
C. have worked
D. will have worked
35. I learned that the college ________ in 1900
A. found
B. was founded
C. founded
D. had been founded
36. If I ________ 10 years younger, I _________ the job.
A. am/ will take
B. were/ would take
C. would be/ took
D. had been / would take
37. By the time he _____________ to the meeting, it had begun for 15 minutes.
A. had gone
B. has gone
C. went
D. was going
38. He began to feel ill while ___________________.
A. he is doing the exam
B. he did the exam
C. he would do the exam
D. he was doing the exam.
39. Since 1980, scientists the world over _____ a lot of things to fight against AIDS.
A. have done

B. are doing
C. did
D. had done
40. Now my sister _____ a bicycle of her own.
A. is having
B. are having
C. has
D. had
41. Last week, my professor promised that he _____ today.
A. would come
B. will come
C. comes
D. coming
42. My girl friend arrived after I _____ for her about half an hour.
A. was waiting
B. had been waiting
C. have been waiting
D. have waited
43. I _____ in Quang Ngai before I moved to Binh Thuan.
A. have been living
B. have lived
C. had lived
D. had been living
44. There are many ways _____ to Rome.
A. is leading
B. are leading
C. leading
D. led
45. While I ____________ T.V last night, a mouse ran across the floor.
A. watch

B. watched
C. am watching
D. was watching
46. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle _________ last night.
A. was stolen
B. had been stolen
C. stole
D. was being stolen
47. While they were ________tables, he was _________ the radio.
A. arranging - listening to B. arranging – hearing
C. laying -listening to
D. making- hearing
48. I suddenly remembered that I ........to bring my keys.
A. having forgotten
B. have forgotten
C. had forgotten
D. forgot
49. By
the
year
2010
many
people
currently
employed
________their
jobs.
A. will have lost
B. will be losing
C. have lost

D. are losing
50.
By
September
next
year
I_______
here
for
ten
years.
A. will be working
B. work
C. will have been working
D. have been working

(VERB FORM) - GERUNGS AND INFINITIVES (lý thuyết)

I) VERB + GERUNDS
go+Ving

mind

ngại, nề hà
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advise
khuyên
miss
nhớ, nhỡ (tàu,xe…)
anticipate
đgiá cao, trân trg
postpone
hoãn lại
avoid
tránh
practice
luyện tập
be/get used to quen với
quit/give up bỏ
can’t help
ko thể ko
object to
ghét,ko thích
can’t stand
ko chịu được
recall
nhớ
cease
chấm dứt
recollect
hồi tưởng
complete
hoàn thành
resent

ganh tỵ
consider
xem xét
resist
cưỡng lại
delay
hoãn lại
risk
mạo hiểm
deny
từ chối
suggest
đề nghị
dread
kinh sợ
tolerate
dung thứ
discuss
bàn bạc
understand
hiểu
dislike
ko thích
there’s no point in
vô ích
endure
chịu đựng
sit/stand/lie + t/ngữ chỉ nơi chốn
enjoy
thích, tận hưởng

It’s no use
ko ích gì
escape
trốn thoát
It’s no good
ko tốt
excuse
bào chữa
It’s (not) worth
chẳng xứng đáng
face
đối mặt
spend/waste(time/$...)(on) trải qua,tiêu tốn (tg/$)
finish
xong
lool forward to
trông đợi
forgive
tha thứ
with a view to
có quan điểm
imagine/fancy tưởng tượng
have (difficult/trouble/fun)
gặp khó khăn
involve
đòi hỏi
a waste of $/time
lãng phí tiền bạc/tg
keep
cứ, liên tục

mention
đề cập
* Các đt theo sau gi ới t ừ đ ều chia ở V_ING
II) VERB + TO INFINITIVES
afford
đủ khả ng ($,tg)
agree
đồng ý
aim
có mục đích
appear
dường như
arrange
sắp xếp
ask
hỏi xin
attempt
nỗ lực
be about
sắp,định làm j
beg
van xin
care
quan tâm
claim
nói, tuyên bố
consent
bằng lòng
choose
chọn

dare
dám
decide
quyết định
demand
đòi
deserve
xứng đáng
determine
quyết tâm
do one’s best cố hết sức
expect
mong đợi
fail
không
guarantee
bảo đảm
hesitate
ngần ngại

hope
hy vọng
learn
học
manage
xoay xở
offer
sẵn lòng, mời
plan
hoạch định

pretend
giả vờ
promise
hứa
require
refuse
từ chối
seem
dường như
struggle
phấn đấu
swear
thề
set out
lập ra
tend
có khuynh hướng
threaten
đe dọa
trouble
có vấn đề
volunteer
tình nguyện
wait
chờ
want
muốn
would like
muốn
wish

mong ước
used to
đã từng
It’s + adj
thật adj để làm j

III) VERB + INFINITIVES
let:để, cho phép
help: giúp đỡ
get: thuyết phục
would rather: thích hơn

make: buộc
have: nhờ, yêu cầu
had better: tốt hơn nên
modal verbs

IV) VERB(GIÁC QUAN) + OBJECT + V_TO/V_ING
see
notice
watch
look at
observe
hear
listen to
feel
smell
catch
find
* V_INF : nếu nghe/thấy toàn bộ hành động từ đầu đến cuối.

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-> I saw my friend run down the street.
* V_ING: nếu nghe/thấy 1 phần hành động đang xảy ra.
-> I saw my friend running down the street.
V) VERB + V_TO/V_ING (KO KHÁC NHAU VỀ NGHĨA)
intend
advise
encourage
allow
forbid
permit
admit
recomment
* Nếu sau những từ trên ko có tân ngữ thì có thể dùng V_ing/ V_to
* Nếu sau những từ trên có tân ngữ thì buộc phải dùng V_to
begin
start
continue
like
love
hate
can’t stand
can’t bear
* Phải dùng START/BEGIN với V_TO trong 2 trường hợp sau:

• Khi đt START/BEGIN được dùng ở hình thức tiếp diễn.
When I got off the train, it was beginning/starting to rain.
• Theo sau đt START/BEGIN là 2 đt UNDERSTAND, REALIZE.
She began to understand/ to realize what he wanted.
VI) VERB + V_TO/V_ING (KHÁC NHAU VỀ NGHĨA)
Stop V_to : dừng lại để làm gì.
Try
V_to : cố gắng làm điều gì.
V_ing : chấm dứt 1 việc gì.
V_ing : thử làm j xem kq ra sao.
Prefer V_to : thích làm 1 việc gì đó.
V_ing : thích việc gì đó.

Like

Need V_to : cần fải làm j(chủ động).
V_ing : cần fải được làm j(bị đg).

Agree V_to : đồng ý làm j đó.
V_ing : đồng ý chuyện j đó.

Mean V_to : có ý định/kế hoạch.
V_ing : yêu cầu.
Remember/regret/forget

V_to
V_ing
VII) VERB + OBJECT + V_TO
advise
khuyên

allow
cho phép
ask
yêu cầu
beg
van xin
cause
gây, làm cho
chanllenge
thách thức
convince
thuyết phục
dare
thách
encourage
khuyến khích
expect
mong
forbid
cấm
force
buộc
hire
thuê

V_to : muốn, quen làm điều gì.
V_ing : thích làm điều gì.

Propose V_to : có ý định/kế hoạch
V_ing : gợi ý/đề nghị.

: nhớ, tiếc, quên làm 1 nhiệm vụ,trách nhiệm gì.
: nhớ, tiếc, quên đã làm gì trong quá khứ.
instruct
invite
need
order
permit
persuade
remind
require
teach
tell
urge
want
warn

dạy, chỉ thị
mời
cần
ra lệnh
cho phép
thuyết phục
nhắc nhở
đòi hỏi
dạy
bảo, nói
thúc giục
muốn
cảnh báo

VIII) CÁC DẠNG CỦA V_TO VÀ V_ING
* V_TO:

V + NOT + TO INF
V + TO BE + V_ING
V + TO HAVE + PP
V + TO BE + PP
V + TO HAVE BEEN + PP

* V_ING:

V + NOT + V_ING
V + HAVING + PP

-> We decided not to buy a car.
-> We prertended to be sleeping.
-> You seem to have lost weight.
-> We expect to be invited to the party.
-> Jane is lucky now to have been given a scholarship last
month by her govern.
-> I enjoy not being at home.
-> I appreciate now having had opportunity to meet the king
yesterday.
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TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI TỐT NGHIÊP TIẾNG ANH 12

V + BEING + PP
V + HAVING BEEN + PP

Ecxercise

-

-> I appreciated being invited to your home.
-> I appreciate having told the news.

1. I am looking forward to ___________ you.
A. seeing
B. see
C. to see
2. I arranged__________ them here.
A. to meet
B. meeting
C. met
3. He urged us __________ faster.
A. working
B. work
C. to work
4. I wish___________ the manager.
A. see
B. seeing
C. saw
5. It’s no use ____________
A. wait
B. waiting
C. to wait
6. He warned her ____________ the wire.
A. not touching

B. not touch
C. not to touch
7. Don’t forget ___________ the door before ____________ to bed.
A. to lock/ going
B. locking/ going
C. to lock/ to go
8. My mother told me _____________ to anyone about it.
A. not speaking
B. not speak
C. to not speak
9. He tried _________ but she refused ____________
A. to explain/ listen
B. to explain/ to listen
C. explain / listen
listening
10. Would you mind __________ me how __________ the lift?
A. to show/ to work
B. show/ work
C. showing/ to work
working
11. I couldn’t help ____________ what you said.
A. overhear
B. overhearing
C. overheared
12. Please go on ___________.I can wait.
A. write
B. to write
C. wrote
13. His doctor advised him __________ jogging.
A. to give up

B. give up
C. giving up
14. Do stop ___________. I am doing my homework.
A. talk
B. talking
C. to talk
15. Mrs. Jones: I don’t allow my family __________ at all.
A. smoking
B. to smoke
C. smoked
16. I am beginning ____________ what you mean.
A. to understand
B. understand
C. understanding
17. After walking for three hours, we stopped to let the others ____________ with us.
A. to catch
B. catching
C. catch
18. Your windows need __________. Would you like me to do them for you?
A. to be cleaned
B. to clean
C. cleaning
19. It is interesting ___________ a good film.
A. to watch
B. watching
C. watch
20. My mother made me ___________ at home at night.
A. staying
B. to stay
C. stayed

21. The librarian asked us __________ so much noise.
A. don’t make
B. not make
C. not making
22. I told you ___________ the computer, didn’t it?
A. to switch off
B. don’t switch off
C. not switch off
23. He advised them ___________ in the class
A. to not talk
B. not to talk
C. to talk not
24. Judy suggested _____________ for a walk but no one else wanted to.
A. to go
B. go
C. going
25. Tom refused _________ me any money
A. to give
B. give
C. gave
26. Jill has decided not ____________a car

D. saw
D. meet
D. worked
D. to see
D. waited
D. to not touch
D. lock/ going
D. not to speak

D.

explaining/

D.

showing/

D. to overhear
D. writing
D. gave up
D. talked
D. smoke
D. A & C
D. A & B
D. A & C
D. watched
D. stay
D. not to make
D. switch off
D. don’t talk
D. went
D. giving
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A. to buy
B. buy
C. buying
27. There was a lot of traffic but we managed___________to the airport in time.
A. to get
B. getting
C.not to get
28. Ann offered___________after our children while we were out
A. look
B. to look
C. looking
29. Would you like___________ to the D&J coffee
A. to go
B.going
C. went
30.Why hasn’t Sue arrived yet? She promised not ____________late
A. come
B. to come
C. coming
31. She promised __________ back again
A. not to come
B. is coming
B. coming
32. The teacher encouraged___________ the football team
A. to join
B. joining
C. joined
33. He reminded me ___________ to give the book back to John
A. not forget
B. not to forget

C. forgot
34. My father has given up ____________.
A. smoke
B. smoked
C. smoking
35.”All right, I’ll wait for you” She agreed ___________ for me
A. to wait
B. not to wait
C. waiting
36. I don’t enjoy ___________ letters.
A. writing
B. to write
C. have be written
37. I consider ______________ the job but in the end I decided against doing it.
A. to take
B. taking
C. to be take
38. The boy insisted on ______________ a break after lunch.
A. having
B. to have
C.not to have
39. The woman looked forward to __________ his mother again.
A. meet
B. to meet
C. meeting
40. The boy accused his friend of___________ stolen his bicycle.
A. have
B. to have
C.not to have
41. Her mother prevented her from ___________ mobile phone.

A. use
B. to use
C. using
42. He thanked her for __________ him some money.
A. lend
B. to lend
C. lending
43. She refused ____________ back again
A. not to come
B. is coming
B. coming
44. Her mother prevented her from ____________ out alone at night.
A. go
B.going
C. to go
45. His brother agreed ____________ a car
A. to buy
B. buy
C. buying
46. Most of my friends enjoy ______________ football on television.
A. watch
B. to watch
C. watching
47. Anne would rather ___________ than anything else.
A. study
B. studying
C. to study
48. Tracey is out of work. She hasn’t been able _____________ a job yet.
A. find
B. to find

C. finding
49. Tracey doesn’t want___________ her friends and family.
A. leave
B. leaving
C. left
50. I am very tired of ______________ to her complaints day after day.
A. listen
B. listening
C. to listen

D. will buy
D. got
D. look to
D. goes
D. came
D. came
D. join to
D. forgeting.
D. to smoked
D. wait to
D. wrote
D. took
D. have
D. met
D. having
D. not to use
D. not lend.
D. to come
D. not to go
D. will buy

D. watched
D. studied
D. found
D. to leave
D. listened

SỰ HOÀ HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ
(SUBJECT- VERB AGREEMENT )
Theo luật chung một động từ bao giờ cũng hòa hợp với chủ ngữ ø của no ù- tức là – nếu chủ ngữ số ít thì
động từ theo sau cũng ở số ít và ngược lại nếu chủ ngữ øøsố nhiều thì theo sau là động số nhiều. Tuy nhiên, ta hãy
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chú ý 10 luật đặc biệt sau:
[1] : Hai hay nhiều chủ ngữ số ít đựơc nối bởi liên từ AND thì đòi hỏi một động từ số nhiều
- The boy and the girl love their parents dearly.
- Tom and Mary were late yesterday.
Tuy nhiên, nếu hai chử từ này diễn tả một người, một vật hay một ý tưởng chung thì động từ vẫn ở số ít.
- Bread and butter is my daily breakfast.
- To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in life.
[2] : Hai chủ ngữ øđược nối với nhau bằng AND mà trước chủ ngữ ø ø đầù có EACH, EVERY, MANY A, NO
thì động từ phải ở số ít.
- Each boy and girl has a textbook.
- No teacher and student is present.
[3] : Khi hai chủ ngữ ø được nối bởi OR,NOR, BUT, NOT ONLY… BUT…. ALSO ,EITHER… OR,
NEITHER…NOR…thì động từ hoà hợp cùng với chủ ngữ øgần nó nhất

- He or you are the best student in this class.
- Neither Jack nor I am willing to do that.
[4] : Khi hai chủ ngữ ø đươcï nối bởi AS WELL AS, NO LESS THAN, WITH thì động từ hòa hợp với chủ ngữ ø
thứ nhất.
- John, as well as you, is responsible for this act.
- Tom, with his friends, is in the car.
[5] : Một danh từ tập hợp ( collective noun ) cần 1 động từ số nhiều khi ta ngụ ý nói tới từng

cá nhân tạo nên tập hợp ấy,nhưng động từ vẫn là số ít nếu ta ngụ ý nói chung chung coi cả tập hợp
như một đơn vị
- The family of this dead soldier is noble.

- The family go to the movies every Sunday morning.
Các từ thường gặp như: jury, commitee, crowd, team, group, majoriry
Lưu ý trường hợp: The number of + Danh từ số ít
A number of
+ Danh từ số nhiều
[6] : Khi chủ ngữ ø là danh từ có hình thức là số nhiều nhưng nghĩa lại là số ít thì động từ chia ở số ít.
- No news is good news.
- Physics is more difficult than chemistry.

các danh từ th ường gặp như : news, physics, mathematics, politics, gymnastics, phonetics, measles, mumps,
rickets, the United States, the Philippines, billards, dominoes…
[7] : Khi chủ ngữ ø ø là danh từ chỉ trọng lượng, đo lường, giá cả hay giá tiền thì được coi là số ít, động từ theo
sau cũng ở số ít.
- Ten thousand dollars is a big sum of money.

- Five hundred miles is a long distance.
[8] : Khi chủ ngữ là đại từ bất định như : everyone, something, nobody,anything, any body, every thing,
no one…thì động từ theo sau phải ở số ít

- Nobody has opened the door.
- Is everyone present ?
Lưu Ý : 1) Khi “ each” theo sau chủ ngữ thì each không còn ảnh hưởng tới động từ nữa. Nếu chủ ngữ là danh từ số
nhiều thì động từ chia ở số nhiều , chủ ngữ số ít thì động từ số ít
- Big cities each have their own special problem
2) Các đại từ both, several, few,many, others đòi hỏi động từ đi theo phải ở hình thức số nhiều
- Both were small
- Many of her books are in English
3) Một số đại từ bất định như: all, any, some, none, có thể đi với số nhiều hay số ít tùy thuộc vào ngữ nghĩa mà
danh từ nó thay thế.
- All of the money is reserved for emergencies
-All of the candidates promise to improve the educational system
[9] : Trong câu bắt đầu bằng THERE thì động từ hòa hợp với chủ từ theo sau nó.
- There stands a pagoda facing the little lake.
- There were a lot of people at the meeting.
[10] : Động từ có chủ từ là đại từ quan hệ thì phải hoà hợp cùng ngôi và số với ti ền vị từ của đại từ ấy
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- He works for the factory which makes cars.
- The man who is living near my house teaches us English.
[11]: Một số từ nhue paints, trousers, pliers, scissors, shears (kéo lớn), tóng (caí kẹp), shoes, glasses, gloves là
danh từ số nhiều và cần động từ số nhiều đi cùng. Tuy nhiên, khi có từ pair (of) đi trước các danh từ này đứng
làm chủ ngữ thì động từ theo sau là số ít.
- The scissors are very sharp
- A pair of scissors was left on the table.

[12] : Khi chủ ngữ là một phân số , phần trăm, hay các từ như: half, part, plenty và rest thì động từ phụ thuộc
và danh từ bổ ngữ cho giới từ đi theo sau phân số hay phần trăm đó
- Sixty percent of his house is painted blue
-Half of thier relatives live abroad
[13]: Khi diẽn giải các bài toán đơn giản như cộng trừ nhân chia ta cần lưu ý. Khi cộng hay nhân, ta có thể dùng
động từ số ít hay số nhiều đều được
-Two and two is/ are four
-Three times three is/ are nine
Nhưng với trừ và chia thì luôn luôn dùng động từ số ít.
- Nine minus four is five hoặc nine minus four leaves five
-Fifteen divided by five is three
[14] Khi chủ ngữ là tựa sách tên các tác phẩm nghệ thuật thì động từ luôn chia ở số ít.
- The Moon and Six Pence is for the Art for Art sake

Exercise:
Multiple choice: choose the best answer.
1. Each student …… to answer three questions.
A. have
B. has
C. having
2. Plenty of milk …… consumed everyday.
A. are
B. were
C. is
3. SARS …… an epidemic that kills many people in china.
A. are
B. were
C. have been
4. The little girl with her friends …… coming here.
A. be

B. is
C. are
5. The United States …… between Canada and Mexico.
A. lying
B. lies
C. lain
6. The book for my English courses …… 25 dollars
A. costed
B. costing
C. cost
7. Jane as well as both of you …… finished it.
A. doesn’t
B. don’t
C. haven’t
8. Everyone in both cars …… injured in the accident last night.
A. was
B. is
C. are
9. Ten years of waiting …… nothing to those who are in love.
A. means
B. mean
C. to mean
10.The students in the next classroom …… very loudly everyday.
A. talk
B. talked
C. are talking
11. Several of students …… absent yesterday.
A. has been
B. had been
C. were

12. A book or a newspaper …… precious for me when I am free.
A. be
B. is
C. are
13. None of the students …… the test yet.
A. have finished
B. has finished
C. finished
14. The cattle …… in the field now
A. grazing
B. grazes
C. has grazed
15. Not only his friends but also Tom …… soccer.
A. likes
B. like
C. is liking
16. The news …… so bad that she collapsed.
A. are
B. was
C. were
17. The police …… for the thieves at the moment.

D. to have
D. was
D. is
D. to be
D. lie
D. costs
D. hasn’t
D. were

D. meaning
D. talks
D. was
D. to be
D. is finishing
D. are grazing
D. does like
D. have been
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A. is looking
B. are looking
C. have been looking D. will be looking
18. …… John nor his friends are going with us.
A. Either
B. Together with
C. Neither
D. Along with
19. The classroom with 10 tables …… 20 chairs in it.
A. has
B. have
C. is
D. are
20. Two tons of coal …… required.
A. are

B. is
C. have been
D. were
21. Economics …… me as much as literature does.
A. interest
B. do not interest
C. does not interest D. have interested
22. Not only his friends but also Tom …… soccer.
A. likes
B. like
C. is liking
D. does like
23. A number of students in my class …… good at English.
A. is not
B. are not
C. was not
D. has not been
24. Both of the computers …… not working.
A. were
B. is
C. was
D. has been
25. Learning foreign languages …… necessary at all time.
A. are
B. will be
C. were
D. is
26. Money, nor fame, nor wealth …… brought happiness to everybody.
A. has
B. have

C. are
D. were
27. Most of the rooms in the hotel where we are staying …… air conditioning.
A. have
B. had
C. has had
D. has
28. The bottles of wine …… on the shelf.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. has put
29. I think the teacher as well as his students …… good.
A. is
B. are
C. be
D. to be
30. None of the students …… the vice principal.
A. has seen
B .have seen
C. is seen
D. was seen
31. There …… a lot of expensive furniture in our uncle’s house.
A. have been
B. are
C. is
D. were
32. Each of you …… responsible for this.
A. are
B. being

C. is
D. be
33. Bill together with his brothers …… to the beach every morning.
A. going
B. goes
C. are
D. gone
34. Either the monitor or the athletes …… to blame for the bad result.
A. be
B. are
C. is
D. to be
35. Everyone …… with me about my plans.
A. agree
B. agreeing
C. disagree
D. agrees
36. Tim as well as his relatives …… safe from the hurricane.
A. be
B. is
C. are
D. being
37. The little boy with his friends …… coming here.
A. be
B. is
C. are
D. to be
38. Neither Jane nor her classmates nor her boy friend …… the problem .
A. understands
B. understand

C. not understand
D. understand not
39. The results of Dr. Frank’s experiment …… announced on TV last night.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
40. Fifty minutes …… the maximum length of time allowed for the exam.
A. is
B. be
C. are
D. were
41. Each of the teachers …… a timetable.
A. to have
B. have
C. having
D. has
42. The cost of living …… over 10% in the last few years.
A. rises
B. has risen
C. rose
D. is rising
43. Neither the teacher nor the students …… happy about the test results.
A. are
B. is
C. has
D. have
44. A number of sheep …… eating grass now.
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A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
45. Measles …… sometimes a serious disease.
A. is
B. are
C. being
D. be
46. The effects of cigarette smoking …… been proven to be extremely harmful.
A. has
B. have
C. is
D. are
47. The number of students who …… withdrawn from class this semester …… appalling.
A. has/is
B. have/are
C. have/is
D. has/are
48. The exercise on agreement of subjects and verbs …… easy.
A. are
B. have
C. has
D. is
49. Making cakes and pies …… Mrs. Reed’s specialty.

A. are
B. were
C. is
D. be
50. The United Nations …… about 160 nations.
A. consist of
B. consisting
C. consist
D. consists of
THE END

----------------------------------------------------------------

REPORTED SPEECH
A. PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT
Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp cần chú ý những thay đổi sau đây:
- Về đại từ ( chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, sở hữu) và tính từ sở hữu.
- Thay đổi về thì của động từ.
- Thay đổi về trạng từ (thời gian và nơi chốn).
Quy tắc thay đổi như sau:
1. Thì động từ:
ONE TENSE BACK
DIRECT
a. Simple present : S + V (s / es)
b. Present continuous: S + am / is /are + V-ing
c. Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed
d. Past continuous: S + was / were + V-ing
e. Present perfect: S + have / has + V3/V-ed
f. P. Perfect continuous: S + have / has been + Ving
g. Must / have to

h. Can / May / Will / Shall

INDIRECT
a. Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed
b. Past continuous: S + was/were + V-ing
c. Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed
d. Past perfect continuous : S + had been +
V-ing
e. Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed
f. Past perfect continuous : S + had been +
V-ing
g. Had to
h. Could / Might / Would / Should

2. Trạng từ:
DIRECT
- yesterday
- last night
- two years ago
- today
- tonight
- tomorrow
- next year
- this
- these
- here

INDIRECT
- the previous day/ the day before
- the previous night/the night before

- two years before
- that day
- that night
- the / next/ following day/
- the following year/ the next year
- that
- those
- there
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- now

-

- then

3. Đại từ và tính từ sở hữu:
Phụ thuộc vào người tường thuật
Eg: “I will give you a lift to your home, Ba ” Nga said.
→ Nga said to me that she would give me a lift to my home
→ Nga said to Ba that she would give him a lift to his home
CÁC LOẠI CÂU GIÁN TIẾP:
A. STATEMENTS
Ex 1: “ She is going to America for six months”
 They say ( that) she is going to America for six months
“ I went home early”
 She told me she had gone home early

Note: Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại (say)Š động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật không có sự
thay đổi về thì
Nếu động từ tường thuật ở quá khứ (said / told) Š thì động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật phải lùi một
thì.
B. QUESTIONS
1. YES / NO questions
Ex: She said , “ Are you thirsty , Peter ? “.  She asked Peter if (whether) he was thirsty.
He asked me, “Did you go to school yesterday ?“ He asked me if (whether) I had gone to school
the day before
2. WH – QUESTIONS
Ex: He asked , “ What have you got in your bag ?”
 He asked (me) what I had got in my bag
He said , “ Mary , when is the next train ? “  He asked Mary when the next train was
C. IMPERATIVE (Mệnh lệnh)
1. AFFIRMATIVE (khẳng định)
Ex : “ Stay in bed for a few days.” The doctor said to me  The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few
days
2. NEGATIVE (Phủ định)
Ex : “ Don’t wait,” he said to me
 He asked me not to wait
“ Never do that again ,” she said to her son  She told her son never to do that
CÁCH DÙNG KHÁC:
1. Let’s + V0 …. // Why don’t we + V1 ….. // What about + Ving ….
→ S + suggested + Ving ……
Ex: He said, “Let’s have a drink.” → He suggested having a drink.
Timmy said, “ Why don’t we go on a picnic” → Timmy suggested going on a picnic.
2. Why don’t you + V1 ………. ? // S + should + V0 …………..
→ S + advised + O + to + V0
Ex: She said to him, “ Why don’t you go to the doctor?”
→ She advised him to go to the doctor.

3. Yes, let’s do → agree
No, let’s not do → be against the idea.
Eg:
“Let’s eat out tonight” said the mother
“Yes, let’s” said the son
“No, let’s not” said the father
→ The mother suggested eating out that night and the son agreed but the father was against the idea.
CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÔNG ĐỔI THÌ
a) khi động từ tường thuật và động từ chính cùng thì.
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Ex: My mother says to me, “you are my little pet.”
→ My mother tells me that I am her little pet.
b) Sự thật hiển nhiên
Ex: Galileo said, “ The earth goes around the sun.”
→ Galileo said (that) the earth goes around the sun.
c) Thì quá khứ đơn nêu rõ thời gian cụ thể.
Ex: Tom said to me, “ My grandfather died in 1990.”
→ Tom told me that his grandfather died in 1990.
d) Câu điều kiện loại 2,3 và cấu trúc “used to”:
Ex: “ If I had much money, I would have travel around the world.” Said the boy.
→ The boy said if he had much money he would travel around the world.

EXCERCISE
1. Julia said that she ___________ there at noon.

A. is going to be
B. Was going to be
C. will be
D. can be
2. He _______ that he was leaving way that afternoon.
A. told me
B. told to me
C. said me
D. says to me
3. She said to me that she __________ to me the Sunday before.
A. wrote
B. has written
C. was writing
D. Had writing
4. I _________ him to sell that old motorbike.
A. said to
B. suggested
C. advised
D. recommended
5. My parents reminded me ________ the flowers.
A. remember to plant
B. not to plant to plant
C. To plant
D. planting
6. I asked Martha ______ to enter law school.
A. are you planning
B. is she planning
C. was she planning
D. If she was planning
7. Nam wanted to know what time ________.

A. does the movie begin B. did the movie begin
C. the movie begins
D. The movie began
8. I wondered_______ the right thing.
A. wether I was doing
B. if I am doing
C. was I doing
D. am I doing
9. The scientist said the earth ________ the sun.
A. go around
B. is going around
C. went around
D. was going around
10. Peter said that if he ________rich, he _________ a lot.
A. is – will travel
B. Were – would travel
C. had been – would have travelled
D. was – will travel
11. They said that they had been driving through the desert__________.
A. the previous day
B. yesterday
C. the last day
D. Sunday previously
12. He asked the children _________too much noise.
A. not to make
B. not making
C. don’t make
D. if they don’t make
13. The man said that the days _________longer in summer.
A. will be

B are
C. were
D. can be
14. The teacher said Columbus _________America in 1942.
A discovered
B. had discovered
C. was discovering
D. would discover
15. John said he _________ her since they ________ school.
A. hasn’t met – left
B. hadn’t met - had left
C. hadn’t met - left
D. didn’t meet – has left
16. The woman asked __________get lunch at school.
A. can the children
B wether the chidren could C. if the children can
D. could the children
17. Laura said that when she_________ to school, she saw an accident.
A. was walking
B. has walked
C. had been walking
D. has been walking
18. He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?” - He asked why __________ the final exam.
A. she took
B. did she take
C. she hadn’t taken
D. she had taken
19. Ba said he__________ some good marks last semester.
A. gets
B got

C. getting
D. have got
20. They told their parents that they___________ their best to do the test.
A. try
B. will try
C. are trying
D would try
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21. She asked me where I___________ from.
A. come
B. coming
C. to come
D. came
22. She_________ me whether I liked classical music or not.
A. ask
B. asks
C asked
D. asking
23. He asked me who____________ the editor of that book.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. has been
24. He wants to know whether I ___________ back tomorrow.

A. come
B. came
C. will come
D. Would come
25. I wonder why he___________ love his family.
A doesn’t
B. don’t
C. didn’t
D. hasn’t
26. They asked me how many children___________.
A. I had
B. had I
C. I have
D. have I
27. Thu said she had been___________ the day before.
A. here
B. there
C. in this place
D. where
28. The student said that the English test_______ the most difficult.
A. is
B was
C. will be
D. have been
29. He wanted to know _______ shopping during the previous morning.
A. if we had been going B. that if we had been going C. we were going
D. that we were going
30. He asked me _______ Robert and I said I did not know _______.
A. that did I know / who were Robert
B. that I knew / who Robert were

C.If I knew / who Robert was
D. whether I knew / who was Robert
31. The mother asked her son _______.
A. where he has been
A. where he had been C. where has he been D. where had he been
32. Martin asked me _______.
A. how is my father
B. how my father is
C. how was my father Dhow my father was
33. The host asked Peter _______ tea or coffee.
wether he preferred
B. that he preferred
C. did he prefer
D. if he prefers
34. She asked me _______ my holidays _______.
A. where I spent / the previous year
C.where I had spent / the previous year
C. where I spent / last year
D. where did I spend / last year
35. He advised _______ too far.
A. her did not go
B. her do not go
C. her not to go
D. she did not go
36. John often says he _______ boxing because it _______ a cruel sport.
A.does not like /is
B. did not like / were
C. not liked / had been D. had not liked / was
37. Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the summer _______.
A. before

B. ago
C. last
D. previous
38. He asked _______ him some money.
A. her to lend
B. she to lend
C. she has lent
D. she lends
39. Andrew told me that they _______ fish two _______ days.
A. have not eaten / ago B had not eaten / previous
C. did not eat / before
D. would not eat / last
40. Jason told me that he _______ his best in the exam the _______ day.
A. had done / following B. will do / previous
C.would do / following D. was going / previous
41. John asked me _______ in English.
A. what does this word mean
B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean
D .what that word meant
42. The mother told her son _______ so impolitely.
A. not behave
B. not to behave
C. not behaving
D. did not behave
43. She said she _______ collect it for me after work.
A. would
B. did
C. must
D. had

44. She said I _______ an angel.
A. am
B.was
C. were
D. have been
45. I have ever told you he _______ unreliable.
A. is
B. were
C. had been
D. would Be
46. I told him _______ the word to Jane somehow that I _______ to reach her during the early hours.
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A. passing / will try
B. he will pass / tried C. to pass/ would be trying
D. he passed / have tried
47. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _______.
A. yesterday
B. two days ago
C. the day before
D. the next day
48. John asked me _______ interested in any kind of sports.
A. if I were
B. if were I
C. if was I

D. If I was
49. John asked me _______ that film the night before.
A. that I saw
B. had I seen
C. If I had seen
D. if had I seen
50. The guest told the host that _______.
A. I must go now
B. he must go now
C. he had to go now D.he had to gone then

PASSIVE VOICE( Chủ Động và Thụ Động Cách)
A:

S

P:

S

+ V +

O

+ V3ed + by

+ BE

O

(chia thì theo động từ của câu Active)
(A : Active

Ex:

1/ A:
P:
2/ A:
P:

P : Passive)

Tom eats apples every day.
Apples are eaten by Tom every day.
They saw him in the shop.
He was seen in the shop ( by them )

ACTIVE

PASSIVE
Am/ is /are

V1 / Vs/es
V2ed

Was / were
Am/ is /are

Am/ is /are
+

Was / were

+ being

Ving
Was / were

Has / have
Had
Will (would)
Shall (should)
Can(could)
May (might)
Must
Be going to
Be able to
Have to
Ought to
Used to

Has / have
ed

+ been

+

V3

+

V1

A:

S + V +

Had
Will (would)
Shall (should)
Can(could)
May (might)
Must
Be going to
Be able to
Have to
Ought to
Used to

+

be

Notes:

P: S +
OR:

OI +
ed

BE + V3 +

1/

OD
OD +

by + O

( S + BE + V3ED + for/ to + OI + by + O)
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Ex:

-

A: Lan gave Mary some books.
OI
OD
P: Mary was given some books by Lan.
OR:
(Some books were given to Mary by Lan.)

2/
A: S + V + (THAT) + S + V ….
BE

S+

OR:

IT + BE + V3ed + by + O + (THAT) S + V

V :

SAY
BELIEVE
TELL
CONSIDER…

Ex :

+ V3ed + TO + V1

P:

KNOW
REPORT
CLAIM

THINK
RUMOUR
PROVE

A : They say that they has been ill.
P : He is said to have been ill. (or : It is said that he has been ill.)

CÁC DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT
1. active: S1 + V1 + that S2 + V2(present) + O( or noun phrase)
- cách 1: It + be + V1-ed3 + that S2 + V2(present) + O( or noun phrase)
- cách 2: S2 + be + V1-ed3 + to V2 infinitive + O( or noun phrase)
example: People say that Herry eats 20 eggs a day.
- cách 1: It is said that Herry eats 20 eggs a day.
- cách 2: Herry is said to eat 20 eggs a day.
2. active: S1 + V1 + that S2 + V2(past) + O( or noun phrase)
- cách 1: It + be + V1-ed3 + that S2 + V2(past) + O( or noun phrase)
- cách 2: S2 + be + V1-ed3 + to have +V2-ed3 + O( or noun phrase)
example: People said that he was very rich
- cách 1: It was said that he was very rich.
- cách 2: Herry is said to have been very rich
3. active: S1 + V1 + O 1 + to V2 infinitive + O2
- passive: S1 + V1 + O 1 + that + O2 + should be + V2-ed3
Example: She advised me to sell that house.
- She advised me that that house should be sold.
4. active: V + O
passive: let + O + be + V-ed3
Example: “Open the book , please”
Let the book be opened.
5. active: S+ have + Sb + V( bare infinitive) + O
get
- passive: S + have + O + V-ed3 + by O(Sb)
get
Example: He wants to have someone post these letters
- He wants to have these letters posted.
EXERCISES (PASSIVE VOICE)
I/ Change these sentences into the passive voice

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1. Somebody has robbed the bank near our house.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
2. Somebody told me to wait outside.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
3. Somebody has driven them to the airport.
…………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………
4. They will complete the new high way from north to south next year.
…………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………
5. My aunt made this sweater for her son.
…………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………
6. The television station has broadcast all the 22nd Sea-Games competitions.
…………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………
7. My teacher asked me to be here at 10 am.
…………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………
9. Thomas Edison invented the electric light bulb.
…………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………
10. She makes coffee for her parents every day.
…………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………
PASSIVE OF MODAL VERBS + EXERCISES
Passive Voice of Modal Verbs
Các động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs) như: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might,
must, had better, would rather, have to, be going to, used to, ought to, ….
Active:

S + Modal Verbs + Vo + O + …….
Passive: S + Modal Verbs + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: - Active: Nam can do this exercise right now.
S M.V Vo
O
 Passive: This exercise can be done by Nam right now.
S
M.V be V3 by O
- Active: People are going to solve the problem next month.
S
modal verb Vo
O
 Passive: The problem is going to be solved (by people) next month.
S
modal verb be V-ed
by O
EXERCISES
Change these sentences into the passive voice
1. People should send their complaints to the main office.
……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………
2. Somebody might steal your car if you had left the keys in it.
……………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………
3. A short circuit could cause the fire.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
4. Lan is going to invite her friends to her birthday party.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
5. Lien couldn’t open the door of the classroom.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
6. They should announce that news as soon as possible.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………

7. Phong has to return the scientific book to the library.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
8. People must repair that old building.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
9. The government will rebuild the memorial monument.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
10. The students may elect Phong their leader.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
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11. The teacher won’t accept papers written in pencils.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
12. The athletes might visit some interesting places after Sea-Games.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
13. Lan’s parents have to clean up their house before Tet holidays.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
14. The principal might interview her.
…………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………
15. They must keep fruit in the fridge for long.
…………………………………………………………….………………………………………………
EXCERCISE
1. We can’t go along here because the road........................
A. is repairing
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired

D. repairs
2. The story I’ve just read...................Agatha Christie
A. was written
B. was written by
C. was written from
D. wrote by
3. I’m going to go out and.................................................
A. have cut my hair
B. have my hair cut
C. cut my hair
D. my hair be cut
4. Something funny ...........................in class yesterday
A. happened
B. was happened
C. happens
D. is happened
5. Many US automobiles........................in Detroit, Michigan
A. manufacture
B. have manufactured
C. are manufactured
D.
are
manufacturing
6. A lot of pesticide residue can.........................................unwashed produce
A. find
B. found
C. be finding
D. be found
7. We..................by a loud noise during the night
A. woke up

B. are woken up
C. were woken up
D. were waking up
8. Some film stars...................difficult to work with
A. are said be
B. are said to be
C. say to be
D. said to be
9. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy........................at
A. be laughed
B. to be laughed
C. laughing
D. being laughed
10. Today, many serious childhood diseases...........................by early immunization
A. are preventing
B. can prevent
C. prevent
D. can be prevented
11. Do you get your heating..........................every year?
A. checking
B. check
C. be checked
D. checked
12. Bicycles.......................in the driveway
A. must not leave
B. must not be leaving
C. must not be left
D. must not have
left
13. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony.......................next weekend

A. is going to be performed
B. has been performed
D. will be performing
D. will have perform
14. All bottles......................................before transportation
A. frozen
B. were froze
C. were frozen
D. are froze
15. ...............................................yet?
A. Have the letters been typed
B. Have been the letters typed
C. Have the letters typed
D. Had the letters typed
16. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where.................for
administration, broadcasting and education
A. is used
B. it is used
C. used
D. being used
17. The telephones..............by Alexander Graham Bell
A. is invented
B. is inventing
C. invented
D. was invented
18. Lots of houses...................by the earthquake
A. are destroying
B. destroyed
C. were destroyed
D. is destroyed

19. Gold.........................in California in the 19th century
A. was discovered
B. has been discovered
C. was discover
D. they discover
20. The preparation.......................by the time the guest............................
A. had been finished- arrived
B. have finished- arrived
C. had finished-were arriving
D. have been finished- were arrived
21 The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday.
A. punish
B. punished
C. punishing
D. was punished
22. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ______, sir. They’re on your desk.”
A. typed
B. been being typed
C. being typed
D. been typed
23. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It___________ of cotton.
A. be made
B. are made
C. is made
D. made
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TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI TỐT NGHIÊP TIẾNG ANH 12

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24. They had a boy _______ that yesterday.
A. done
B. to do
C. did
D. do
25. We got our mail ______ yesterday.
A. been delivered
B. delivered
C. delivering
D. to deliver
26. James……..the news as soon as possible.
A. should tell
B. should be told
C. should told
D. should be telled
27. My wedding ring ______ yellow and white gold.
A. is made
B. is making
C. made
D. make
28. Mr. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend.
A. known
B. knew
C. is known
D. know
29. References _____ in the examination room.
A. not are used
B. is not used

C. didn’t used
D. are not used
30. Laura ______ in Boston.
A. are born
B. were born
C. was born
D. born
31. His car needs ________.
A. be fixed
B. fixing
C. to be fixing
D. fixed
32. Her watch needs _______.
A. repairing
B. to be repaired
C. repaired
D. A and B
33. My mother is going _____ this house.
A. sold
B. sell
C. to be sold
D. to sell
34. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are _______.
A. being followed
B. are followed
C. follow
D. following
35. Have you _____ by a dog?
A. bite
B. bit

C. ever been bitten
D. ever been bit
36. The room is being _____ at the moment.
A. was cleaned
B. cleaned
C. cleaning
D. clean
37. It _____ that the strike will end soon.
A. is expected
B. expected
C. are expected
D. was expected
38. It is _____ that many people are homeless after the floods.
A. was reported
B. reports
C. reported
D. reporting
39. He was said _____ this building.
A. designing
B. to have designed
C. to design
D. designed
40. Ted ______ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
A. got sting
B. got stung
C. get stung
D. gets stung
41. These tennis courts don’t _____ very often. Not many people want to play.
A. got used
B. used

C. get used
D. get use
42. I’ll get Minh _____ do this for you.
A. do
B. done
C. did
D. to do
43. Those letters ________ now. You can do the typing later.
A. need typing
B. needn't be typed
C. need to type
D. needn't typing
44. “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it_____ especially for me by a French tailor.”
A. is made
B. has made
C. made
D. was made
45. Somebody cleans the room every day.
A. The room everyday is cleaned.
B. The room is every day cleaned.
C. The room is cleaned every day.
D. The room is cleaned by somebody every day.
46. People don’t use this road very often.
A. This road is not used very often.
B. Not very often this road is not used.
C. This road very often is not used.
D. This road not very often is used.
47. How do people learn languages?
A. How are languages learned?
B. How are languages learned by people?

C. How languages are learned?
D. Languages are learned how?
48. Over 1500 new houses _______ each year. Last year, 1720 new houses _______.
A. were built/ were built
B. are built/ were built
C. are building / were built
D. were built/ were being built
49. Tom bought that book yesterday.
A. That book was bought by Tom yesterday.
B. That book was bought yesterday by Tom.
C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom
D. That book was bought yesterday.
50. The new computer system _____ next month.
A. is be installed
B. is being installed
C. is been installed
D. is being installed by people

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RELATIVE CLAUSES( Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ)
Relative Pronouns & Adverbs:
Functions

Antecedents

Subject

Things

Which

Object
Which

Poss.

Adv

Whose + n
(of which)
Whose + n

People
Who
Whom
Place
Where
Time
When
Reason
Why
Notes: *Where = prep + nplace
*When = prep + ntime
*Why

= for + the reason
*‘THAT’ thay thế cho “WHO, WHOM, WHICH” trong mệnh đề có giới
hạn (không đứng sau dấu phẩy, và giới từ).
*Dùng 1 hoặc 2 dấu phẩy tách mệnh đề quan hệ ra khỏi mệnh đề chính
khi tiền danh từ là:
- Danh từ riêng
- Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE
- Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = sở hữu (MY, YOUR, …,TOM’S HOUSE,…)
- Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = 1 nhóm từ ( EX: The man from Hanoi,…)
Ex: They wanted to see my manager, who was away.

Relative Clauses:
Ant.

Rel. Cl.

Things

Ex:

a/
b/
c/
d/
e/
f/
g/

Relative clause
Relative pronoun / adverb

+
which / that

People

+
+

who / that
whom /that

People/ things

+

whose

Place
Time
Reason

+
+
+

where
when
why

The other parts

+ V ( + O)
+ S+V
+ V( + O)
+
S+V
V ( + O)
+n+
S+V
+ S + V (+ O)

Could you iron the trousers? They’re hanging up behind the door.
↔ Could you iron the trousers which/that are hanging up behind the door?
She showed me the radio. She had bought it
↔ She showed me the radio which/ that She had bought.
I don’t like the people. People lose their temper easily.
↔ I don’t like the people who /that lose their temper easily.
The man works here. I saw him yesterday.
↔ The man whom/ that I saw yesterday works here.
The house is very large. Its door is green.
↔ The house whose door is green is very large.
Have you seen the girl? I’m keeping her bicycle.
↔ Have you seen the girl whose bicycle I’m keeping?
Vietnam is beautiful. We live in vietnam.
↔Vietnam, where we live, is beautiful.

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