Trách Nhiệm Của Người Chưa Thành Niên Phạm Tội

Chapter 16
Topics Beyond the Integrated Audit

Prepared by Richard J. Campbell

Copyright 2011, Wiley and Sons


Learning Objectives
1. De s c ribe fo re ns ic ac c o unting and c o ntras t it with ICFR and
financ ial s tate me nt audits .
2. Unde rs tand inte rnal audit ac tivitie s and the ro le o f the inte rnal
audit func tio n within o rg anizatio ns .
3. Le arn the e xte ns io n o f typic al audit ac tivitie s re quire d whe n
auditing s tate and lo c al g o ve rnme nt e ntitie s .
4. Explain the purpo s e s and ac tivitie s o f c o mpilatio n and re vie w
e ng ag e me nts , applic able s tandards , and ac c o untants ’ re po rts .
5. Dis c us s the type s o f info rmatio n fo r whic h ac c o untants c an
is s ue atte s t re po rts , lis t the re quire me nts fo r an atte s t s e rvic e
to be po s s ible , and dis ting uis h atte s t e ng ag e me nts fro m o the r
s e rvic e s .
6. Ide ntify o the r audito rs ’ s e rvic e s pro vide d fo r public
c o mpanie s , e xplain the audito rs ’ wo rk ac tivitie s , and de s c ribe
the re s ulting re po rt.
Chapter 16-1


FORENS IC ACCOUNTING
 The te rm fo re ns ic ac c o unting mo s t c o mmo nly re fe rs
to fraud inve s tig atio ns and ac c o unting wo rk to

s uppo rt le g al ac tio ns .
 The As s o c iatio n o f Ce rtifie d Fraud Examine rs
(ACFE) is o ne o f the pre mie r o rg anizatio ns fo r
fo re ns ic ac c o untants .
 Fo re ns ic ac c o unting e nc o mpas s e s two majo r
c o mpo ne nts : inve s tig ative fo re ns ic s e rvic e s and
litig atio n s uppo rt.

Chapter 16 -2

Learning Objective #1


FORENS IC ACCOUNTING
 Fo re ns ic ac c o untants inve s tig ate many s ituatio ns
and s us pe c te d ille g al ac ts inc luding :
 Emplo ye e the ft
 Ve ndo r fraud
 Cus to me r fraud
 Tax e vas io n
 Co nflic ts in divo rc e and bankruptc y pro c e e ding s
 Ins uranc e c laim filing s
 Ide ntity the ft
 Org anize d c rime

Chapter 16 -3

Learning Objective #1

FORENS IC ACCOUNTING
 During an inte rvie w, the fo re ns ic ac c o untant may
fo c us o n a rang e o f is s ue s , inc luding :
 The to ne s e t by to p manag e me nt to ward e thic al
be havio r
 Manag e me nt’s value s and be lie fs
 Re ward s ys te ms
 The po te ntial fo r manag e me nt o ve rride o f inte rnal
c o ntro ls
 Fo re ns ic ac c o untants may re ly o n e vide nc e
o btaine d fro m re al e s tate re c o rds , c o urt re c o rds ,
c o rpo rate and partne rs hip re c o rds , and o the r public
re c o rds to unc o ve r po te ntial fraud mo tive s .
Chapter 16 -4

Learning Objective #1


INTERNAL AUDITING

 Ac c o untants who wo rk within e ntitie s as inte rnal
audito rs als o pe rfo rm impo rtant func tio ns fo r
c o mpanie s , no t-fo r-pro fit o rg anizatio ns , and
g o ve rnme nt units
 The Ins titute o f Inte rnal Audito rs (IIA) is the mo s t
no table pro fe s s io nal o rg anizatio n fo r inte rnal
audito rs .
 The inte rnal audito r’s g o al is to he lp impro ve the
o rg anizatio n’s o pe ratio ns , ris k manag e me nt, inte rnal
c o ntro ls , and g o ve rnanc e .

Chapter 16 -5

Learning Objective #2


INTERNAL AUDITING

 Inte rnal audito rs as s is t in S OX c o mplianc e

Chapter 16 - 6

Learning Objective #2


INTERNAL AUDITING

 Inte rnal audito rs as s is t in S OX c o mplianc e

Chapter 16 -7

Learning Objective #2


S TATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUDITS

 Financ ial s tate me nt audits o f s tate and lo c al
g o ve rnme nts are pe rfo rme d by e xte rnal audito rs
who wo rk e ithe r fo r public ac c o unting firms o r
s e parate g o ve rnme nt-re late d units .

Chapter 16 -8

Learning Objective #3


S ing le Audit Ac t
 This le g is latio n c alle d fo r audits to be c o nduc te d o n
an e ntity-wide bas is re plac ing re quire me nts fo r
multiple audits o f o ne e ntity o n a g rant-by-g rant
bas is .
 Whe n a g o ve rnme ntal e ntity me e ts the $500,000
e xpe nditure thre s ho ld, it is s ubje c t to a s ing le audit
o f bo th its financ ial s tate me nts and its c o mplianc e
with the pro vis io ns o f any fe de ral awards it
re c e ive d.
 The s c he dule o f audit finding s s ummarize s the
re s ults o f the audit.

Chapter 16 -9

Learning Objective #3


GOVERNMENT AUDITING S TANDARDS AND THE
YELLOW BOOK
 Audits o f g o ve rnme nt e ntitie s , inc luding tho s e
unde r OMB Circ ular A-133, are c o nd uc te d ac c o rding
to g e ne rally ac c e pte d g o ve rnme nt auditing
s tandards (GAGAS ) is s ue d by the Go ve rnme nt

Ac c o untability Offic e (GAO).
 The Ye llo w Bo o k c o ntains s tandards c o ve ring
financ ial s tate me nt audits , atte s tatio n e ng ag e me nts ,
and pe rfo rmanc e audits .
 The GAO’s primary ro le is to s uppo rt c o ng re s s io nal
o ve rs ig ht o f the e xe c utive branc h o f the U.S .
g o ve rnme nt.
Chapter 16 -10

Learning Objective #3


Wo rk o f the GAO

Chapter 16 -11

Learning Objective #3


COMPILATION AND REVIEW ENGAGEMENTS
EXHIBIT 16-1
Hierarchy of
Financial
Statement
Assurance
Activities

Chapter 16 -12

Learning Objective #4

Co mpilatio ns

 In a c o mpilatio n e ng ag e me nt, an ac c o untant drafts
financ ial s tate me nts o f an e ntity bas e d o n
info rmatio n pro vide d by the manag e me nt o r o wne rs .
 The ac c o untant ne e ds to e s tablis h an unde rs tanding
with the c lie nt abo ut the te rms o f the e ng ag e me nt,
any limitatio ns o n the us e o f the financ ial
s tate me nts , and mus t do c ume nt the unde rs tanding
thro ug h a writte n c o mmunic atio n with manag e me nt .

Chapter 16-13

Learning Objective #4


Illus trative Co mpilatio n Eng ag e me nt Le tte r
EXHIBIT 16-2

Chapter 16-14

Learning Objective #4


Illus trative Co mpilatio n Eng ag e me nt Le tte r
EXHIBIT 16-2

Chapter 16-15

Learning Objective #4


Illus trative Co mpilatio n Eng ag e me nt Le tte r
EXHIBIT 16-2

Chapter 16-16

Learning Objective #4


S tandard Co mpilatio n Re po rt

Chapter 16-17

Learning Objective #4


Re vie ws

 An e ng ag e me nt to re vie w a no npublic c o mpany’s
financ ial s tate me nts pro vide s s o me as s uranc e
re g arding the fairne s s o f the financ ial s tate me nts .
 The le ve l o f as s uranc e pro vide d by the ac c o untant’s
re po rt falls be twe e n an audit and a c o mpilatio n .

Chapter 16-18

Learning Objective #4

Ele me nts o f an Eng ag e me nt Le tte r fo r a S S ARS
Financ ial S tate me nt Re vie w Eng ag e me nt

Chapter 16-19

Learning Objective #4


Ele me nts o f an Eng ag e me nt Le tte r fo r a S S ARS
Financ ial S tate me nt Re vie w Eng ag e me nt

Chapter 16-20

Learning Objective #4


Inquirie s Made During a Re vie w
EXHIBIT 16-3

Chapter 16-21

Learning Objective #4


Inde pe nde nt Ac c o untant’s Re vie w Re po rt

Chapter 16-22

Learning Objective #2


ATTES T ENGAGEMENTS

Targ e ts o f atte s t e ng ag e me nts inc lude financ ial
fo re c as ts and pro je c tio ns , c o mplianc e with laws and
re g ulatio ns , e ffe c tive ne s s o f inte rnal c o ntro ls fo r
no npublic c o mpanie s , the ac c urac y and re liability o f
re po rte d pe rfo rmanc e me as ure s , and the
c o mplianc e with S EC re g ulatio ns o f a c o mpany’s
manag e me nt dis c us s io n and analys is .

Chapter 16-23

Learning Objective #5