How to use Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjectives


1. Definition



Adjectives tell us something about a person or a thing . Adjectives
can modify nouns (here: girl) or pronouns (here: she).



Adjectives describe nouns by giving some information about an object’s
size, shape, age, color, origin or material.



They go before the noun and They can also be alone after the verb to
be.



They have the same form in the singular and plural

Ex: He is young and famous.
I’ve got an expensive car.
This is a big house


2. Types of Adjective



Possessive Adjectives



Demonstrative Adjective



Numeral Adjective



Descriptive Adjective



Interrogative Adjective


2. Types of Adjective



Possessive Adjective

My, your, his, her, its, our, their
Ex: This is my book.
Her car is outside.



Demonstrative Adjective

This, that, these, those
Ex: That man is very handsome.
These girls are good-looking.


2. Types of Adjective

 Numeral Adjective
 one, two, three… or

first, second, third….

Ex: Ankor temper has got five towers.

 Some, any, much, many, a

few, a little, a lot of, lots of…

Ex: I’ve got some friends.

 Every, each, another, other,…
Ex: Each student is very friendly.
They speak to another person.

2. Types of Adjective



Descriptive Adjective is the adjective that is used to tell the sorts of
noun or quality.

Example:

 tall man.
 green vegetables
 a square box
 dangerous chemicals
 a true story
 English language


2. Types of Adjective



Interrogative Adjective is the adjective that is used to ask the question.
They are whose, what, which….

Example:

 Which animal do you like?


What food do you prefer?

 Whose book is that?


What Do Adjectives Look Like?
-able/-ible – adorable, responsible, uncomfortable
-al – educational,
-an – American, Mexican
-ar – popular
-ent – intelligent, silent, violent
-ful – harmful, powerful
-ic/-ical – athletic, magic, scientific
-ile – fragile
-ive – informative, native, talkative
-less – careless, homeless
-ous – cautious, dangerous, enormous
-some – awesome, handsome,



1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

The car sustained heavy damage in the accident.
He has written several stories.
 A dog is very faithful to its master. 
Every man has his duties.
He is a man of few words.
Neither party is quite in the right.
 Which color do you prefer?
The way was long, the wind was cold.
He calls me every day.
I have not seen him in several days. 
John won the second prize. 
He was absent from the class. 
He died a glorious death. 
A small leak is enough to sink a great ship. 
King Francis was a hearty king and loved a royal sport.


Adverbs


1. Definition



Adverbs describe verbs. It shows how, where, when or how often
someone does something.

Ex: He walked slowly. (How?)
He stays here. (Where?)
He wakes up early. (When?)
He plays football once a week. (how often?)



Adverbs can modify verbs (here: drive), adjectives or other adverbs.

Ex: He drove slowly. (modify a verb)
He drove a very fast car. (modify an adj)
She moved quite slowly down to the aisle. (modify a adverb)


1. Definition



Adverbs usually go after verbs

Ex: He walks slowly.
She sings beautifully.



Sometimes adverbs go before the verb, e.g. the adverbs of frequency
(often, always…)

Ex: She often visits her parents.


Adjective vs. Adverbs
Adjective

Adverb

Mandy is a careful girl.

Mandy drives carefully.

She is very careful.

She drives carefully.

Mandy is a careful driver. This sentence is about Mandy, the driver, so
use the adjective.

Mandy drives carefully. This sentence is about her way of driving, so
use the adverb.


2. Form
a. Adjective + -ly

adjective

dangerous

careful

nice

horrible

easy

electronic

adverb

dangerously

carefully

nicely

horribly

easily

electronically




If the adjective ends in -y, change -y to -i. Then add -ly:
Ex: happy – happily

but: shy – shyly



If the adjective ends in -le, the adverb ends in -ly:
Ex: terrible – terribly



If the adjective ends in -e, then add -ly:
Ex: safe – safely
but: gentle - gently



If the adjective ends in -ic, add -ally.
Ex: Basic - basically
but: public -> publicly






Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs:

adjectives ending in -ly : friendly, silly, lonely, ugly
nouns, ending in -ly : ally, bully, Italy, melancholy
verbs, ending in -ly : apply, rely, supply

There is no adverb for an adjective ending in -ly.
b. Tính t ừ k ết thúc b ằng -ly thì ta dùng c ụm “in a…..way” đ ể
th ể hi ện cách th ức
Ex: Silly  He behaved in a silly way.
Friendly  He spoke in a friendly way.


c. Một số tr ạng t ừ có hình th ức gi ống nh ư tính t ừ. (Irregular form)

Adjective

Adverb

Good

Well

Fast

Fast

Hard

Hard

Late

Late

Early

Early

Daily

Daily

Straight

Straight

Wrong

Wrong / wrongly


Ex: He drives too fast. He drives too fastly.
He speaks English well. He speaks English good.
My mother always works hard. My mother always works hardly.
They arrived late for the party. They arrived lately for the party.



Note: some verbs take an adj not an adv
Look, smell, sound, feel, taste + adj

Ex: They look happy.
He feels terrible.
The pizza tastes good.
It sounds good.

Peter's feet smell bad.


3. Use of Adverbs



to modify verbs

Ex: The handball team played badly last Saturday.



to modify adjectives

Ex: It was an extremely bad match.
There are quite a lot of people here.



to modify adverbs

Ex: The handball team played extremely badly



last Wednesday.

to modify sentences

Ex: Unfortunately, the flight to Dallas had been

cancelled.


4. Types of Adverbs


Adverbs of Manner : tr ạng ng ữ ch ỉ th ể cách
   She moved slowly and spoke quietly.



Adverbs of Place: tr ạng ng ữ ch ỉ n ơi ch ốn
   She has lived on the island all her life.
   She still lives there now.



Adverbs of Frequency: tr ạng ng ữ ch ỉ s ự th ường xuyên
   She takes the boat to the mainland every day.
   She often goes by herself.



Adverbs of Time: tr ạng ng ữ ch ỉ th ời gian
   She tries to get back before dark.
   It's starting to get dark now.
  



Adverbs of degree: tr ạng ng ữ ch ỉ m ức đ ộ
She is running very fast.
You speak too quickly for me to understand.


5. Position of adverbs



Adverb at the beginning of a sentence

Ex: Unfortunately, we could not see Everest Mount.



Adverb in the middle of a sentence

Ex: The children often ride their bikes.



Adverb at the end of a sentence

Ex: Andy reads a comic every afternoon.



If there are more adverbs at the end of a sentence, the word order is

normally:
Manner – Place – Frequency -Time

Ex: Peter sang the song happily in the bathroom yesterday evening.