ÔN THI TIẾNG ANH 12 ( NGỮ PHÁP+ kĩ NĂNG VIẾT + kĩ NĂNG ĐOC HIỂU )

TENSES
1. Simple present: (hiện tại đơn)
 Nhận dạng: always, usually, often, frequently, sometimes, seldom, never, every,
today
 Công thức: S + V1 /nếu chủ từ là He, She, It dùng công thức: S + Vs,es
 Cách dùng
a. Hành đông lặp đi, lặp lại hoặc một thói quen.
She gets up at 5
He does homework after dinner.
b. Sự thật hiển nhiên, lời nói khái quát.
The sun rises in the east.
Water boils at 100o C.
c. Hành động đặc trưng.
He speaks English very well.
 Ví dụ:
1. Nam usually gets up early.
2. They work five days a week.
3. Does she go to school everyday?
 Cách đọc: (ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít)
- Đọc /s/ khi động từ tận cùng bằng các âm /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/
works, wants, laughs
- Đọc /iz/ khi động từ tận cùng bằng /s/, //, /t/, /dʒ/, /ʒ/
washes, watches, kisses
- Đọc /z/ khi động từ tận cùng bằng những âm khác.
comes, sells, tries
2. Simple past: (quá khứ đơn)
 Nhận dạng: yesterday, ago, last, in 2003,…. động từ của mệnh đề when
 Công thức:
S +V2ed………/be (was,were)
 Cách dùng:
1. Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ xác định.

Lucy phoned me last night.
Jane left for Chicago yesterday.
2. Những hành động diễn ra kế tiếp nhau trong quá khứ.
He pulled out his gun. He fired twice. The first bullet missed Willy. The
second killed him…..
 Ví dụ:
1. The train left the station late last night.
2. They visited Big Ben 10 days ago.
3. Did he write a letter yesterday?
 Cách phát âm “ed”:
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-

Động từ tận cùng bằng các âm /k/, /s/, //, /t/,/f/, /p/ được đọc là /t/
passed, washed…
Động từ tận cùng bằng các âm /d/, /t/ được đọc là /id/
wanted, added…
Trường hợp còn lại đọc là /d/
loved, listened…..

3. Present continuous: (hiện tại tiếp diễn)
 Nhận dạng: now, at the moment, right now, at present, theo sau câu mệnh lệnh
 Công thức: S + am/is/are + Ving……
Lưu ý về thành lập hiện tại phân từ:
a. Động từ tận cùng bằng e thì bỏ e thêm ing
drive – driving
write – writing
smile – smiling

b. Động từ có một âm tiết, tận cùng bằng một phụ âm và trước phụ âm là một
nguyên âm thì gấp đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm ing
run – running
sit – sitting
set – setting
 Cách dùng:
a. Hành động đang xảy ra ở hiện tại.
She is talking on the phone at the moment.
We are studying English now.
b. Hành động được sắp đặt cho một tương lai gần.
My friend is coming to see me next week.
They are visiting their teacher next Sunday.
 Ví dụ:
1. Hong is studying English now.
2. Listen! A baby is crying.
4. Past continuous: (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)
 Nhận dạng: at 3 yesterday, at 9 last night……, while, when
 Công thức:
S + was / were + V-ing…
 Cách dùng:
a. Hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ.
He was reading at 10 last night.
They were watching TV at 3 yesterday afternoon.
b. Hành động xảy ra song hành trong quá khứ.
Kent was playing tennis while Toby was cooking.
While mother was listening to the news, father was reading a newspaper.
c. Hành động đang diễn ra trong quá khứ khi có 1 hành động khác xen vào.
When he came, we were having dinner.
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My brother was typing when his pen pal arrived.
5. Present perfect: (hiện tại hoàn thành)
 Nhận dạng: just, ever, never, recently, since, for, lately, before, ……
 Lưu ý: “yet” được dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn và nó luôn đặt ở
cuối câu
 Công thức: S + has/have + V3ed………
has dùng cho he, she, it
 Ví dụ:
1. Na has lived here for 3 years.
2. We haven’t eaten lunch yet.
3. Have you ever been to London?
 Cách dùng:
a. Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ tiếp tục đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
I have written five books so far.
b. Hành động vừa xảy ra.
John has just left his office.
c. Hành động diễn ra trong quá khứ không xác định rõ thời gian.
She has been to Prague twice.
6. Simple present: (tương lai đơn)
 Nhận dạng: tomorrow, next, tonight, in 2012,…………
 Công thức: S + will/shall + Vo ……
 Ví dụ:
1. She ……… here next week. (be, will be, will, is)
2. He ………… a bus to school tomorrow. (takes, will take, would take, took)
3. They ……… a new stadium in 2015. (built, build, will build, are building)
 Cách dùng:
Hành động có thể xảy ra trong tương lai
He will fly to Sydney tomorrow.
We will move to a quieter neighborhood.

* BE GOING TO:
A. Thành lập: S + be going to + Vo
B. Cách dùng:
a. Biểu thị ý định (intention)
I am going to buy a cell phone tomorrow.
They are going to go to the movie theater next Saturday.
b. Biểu thị một tương lai gần (near future)
The bus is going to start.

WISH (ƯỚC MUỐN)
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1. Thể hiện một ước muốn không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại.
Ex: I wish I had a new card now.
Form:
S + wish + S + V2, ed
Đối với động từ to be thì were đi với tất cả các ngôi.
Ex: She wishes she were a film star now.
2. Thể hiện một ước muốn không thể xảy ra trong tương lai.
Ex: I wish I would be a doctor next month.
Form:
S + wish + S + would + inf (without to)
3. Thể hiện ước muốn không thể xãy ra trong quá khứ
Ex: I wish I had met her at your birthday party last night.
Form:
S + wish + S + had + V3ed …

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
Loại 1:

Ex: If it is sunny, I will go fishing. (Nếu trời nắng, tôi sẽ đi câu cá)
 Công thức:
IF + S + V (hiện tại đơn) , S + WILL ( CAN, MAY) + V (nguyên mẫu)
 Cách dùng:
Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Loại 2:
Ex
If I were you, I would go abroad. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ đi nước ngoài)
Công thức:
IF + S + V ( quá khứ ), S + WOULD ( COULD, MIGHT ) + V (nguyên mẫu)
(be luôn dùng were trang trọng hơn dù chủ từ số ít hay nhiều )
 Cách dùng:
Điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại.
Loại 3:
Ex
If I had known that news, I wouldn’t come to class last Friday.
 Công thức:
IF + S + HAD + V3ed, S + WOULD HAVE + V3ed …
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 Cách dùng:
Điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ.

PASSIVE VOICE (THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
(BE + V3ed)
Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động
1. Lấy tân ngữ ở câu chủ động xuống làm chủ ngữ ở câu bị động.
2. Thêm động từ “to be”, nhưng phải cùng thì với câu chủ động.
3. Đưa động từ (V) ở câu chủ động xuống, nhưng phải ở dạng Past Paticiple.

4. Đưa chủ ngữ ở câu chủ động xuống làm tân ngữ cho câu bị động, trước nó
có “by”.
Lưu ý:
- Trạng từ chỉ thời gian sẽ được đặt ở cuối câu. Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đặt
trước “by + O”.
- Nếu sau “by” là đại từ nhân xưng (them, you, me …) hoặc people,
someone, everyone … ta có thể bỏ đi.
1. Simple present tense:
Form:
S + V(o/s/es) +
O …….
S + am/is/are + V(pp) . . . . + by+ O
a. Jane completes the reports very well.
 The reports are completed very well by Jane.
b. Mai doesn’t make a cake.
 A cake isn’t/ is not made by Mai.
c. Do they prepare the lesson well every day?
 Is the lesson prepared well (by them) every day?
2. Present progressive tense:
Form:
S + am/is/are + V

-ing

+ O ……

S + am/is/are + being + V(pp) . . .+ by + O (……)

a. She is doing the exercises at the moment.
 The exercises are being done by her at the moment.

b. Hoa and Tam aren’t cooking dinner now.
 Dinner isn’t being cooked by Hoa and Tam now.
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c. Are they singing a merry song?
 Is a merry song being sung?
3. Present perfect tense:
Form:
S + have/has + V(pp) + O ….

S + have/has + been + V(pp) . . . + by + O (…….)

a. They have built a swimming pool in my school.
 A swimming pool has been built in my school (by them).
b. They haven’t built a swimming pool in my school.
 A swimming pool hasn’t been built in my school (by them).
c. Have they built a swimming pool in my school?
 Has a swimming pool been built in my school (by them)?
4. Simple past tense:
Form:
S +

V(2/ed +

O ……

S + was/were + V(pp) . . . . . + by + O (…..)
a. Lan saw this film last week
 This film was seen by Lan last week

b. Lan didn’t see this film last week
This film wasn’t seen by Lan last week
c. Did Lan see this film last week?
Was this film seen by Lan last week?
5. Past progressive tense:
Form:
S + was/ were + V-ing +

O ….

S + was/were + being + V(pp) …. + by + O (…..)

a. She was doing the exercises at 9 last night.
 The exercises were being done (by her) at 9 last night.
b. She wasn’t doing the exercises at 9 last night.
 The exercises weren’t being done (by her) at 9 last night.
c. Was she doing the exercises at 9 last night?
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 Were the exercises being done (by her) at 9 last night?
6. Modal verbs:
(will, shall, can, could, may, might, have/has to, be going to, should, must…)
Form:
S + modals + V(0) +
O …..

S + modals + be + V(pp) + by + O (……)
Jane can complete the reports tomorrow.
The reports can be completed by Jane tomorrow.

REPORTED SPEECH
Loại câu

Câu trực tiếp

1. Câu phát biểu

S1+ said (to O1, ):“S + V + O”

S1+ asked+ O: “Do/ Does/Will/
Can+ S + V0 + O?”
3. Câu hỏi với vấn từ (what, S1+ asked+ O:“Wh- + aux + S +
how, where…)
V0 + O?”
4. Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định
S1+ told + O “V0 ………….”
5. Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định
S1+ told + O “DON’T + V0 …”
6. Câu lời khuyên
S1+ told + O “S + should + V0”
2. Câu hỏi Yes / No

Câu tường thuật
S1+ said (that) + S2 + V(lùi
thì) + O . . .
S1+ asked + If/Whether + S2
+ V(lùi thì) + O . . . .
S1+ asked + O + Wh + S2 +
V(lùi thì) + O . . . .

S1+ told + O + to - V0 …
S1+ told + O + not to – V0 …
S1+ told + S + should + V0…

3. Thay đổi các trạng từ:
Câu trực tiếp
now
next week
next year
tonight
this

Câu tường thuật
then
the following week
the following year
that night
that

Câu trực tiếp
to day
tomorrow
here
these

Câu tường thuật
that day
the next day
the following day
there

those

4. Thay đổi động từ “V”:
Câu trực tiếp
“am / is / are”
“am / is / are + Ving”
“can + V0”
“must / have to + V0”

Câu tường thuật
was / were
was / were + Ving
could + V0
had to + V0

Câu trực tiếp
“V0 / s / es”
“will + V0”
“may + V0”
“should + V0”
“ought to+V0”

Câu tường thuật
V2/ed
would + V0
might + V0
should +V0
ought to + V0
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USED TO – BE / GET USED TO
1. USED TO: (thường, đã từng)
- Diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ nhưng nay không còn nữa.
USED TO + V(inf)
Ex: - When I was young, I used to swim once a day.
-

Did your father use to drink tea in the morning?

-

He didn’t use to do exercises.

2. BE / GET USED TO : (trở nên quen với)
Chỉ thói quen hoặc việc thường xảy ra ở hiện tại.
BE / GET USED TO + Ving (GERUND) / NOUN
Ex:
I am used to watching TV in the afternoon.
He gets used to the bus delay.

TAG QUESTIONS
I. Form:
1. Câu hỏi đuôi thể khẳng định. ( affirmative tag question )
S + V + ………,
(negative)

Aux + S?
(positive)

2. Câu hỏi đuôi thể phủ định. (negative tag question)
S + V + ………,
(positive)

Aux + S?
(negative)

* Notes:
1. Câu nói là câu mệnh lệnh. Thành lập câu hỏi đuôi, người ta dùng “will you?”
Ex: Don’t forget, will you?
2. Câu nói dùng “Let’s”. Thành lập câu hỏi đuôi, người ta dùng “shall we?”
Ex: Let’s go swimming, shall we?
3. Chủ từ và động từ ở câu nói dùng “I am”. Thành lập câu hỏi đuôi, người ta
dùng “aren’t I”
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Ex: I am late, aren’t I?
4. Câu nói có các từ mang nghĩa phủ định như (no, never, rarely, seldom,
hardly…) thành lập động từ ở câu hỏi đuôi ở thể khẳng định.
Ex: Lan is never angry, is she?
5. Chủ từ ở câu nói là các từ ghép với (No, Any, Every và Some …). Thành lập
chủ từ ở câu hỏi đuôi, người ta làm như sau:
+ Nothing, Anything, Everything: người ta dùng “it”, Noone, Anyone,
Everyone: người ta dùng he hoặc she trong câu hỏi đuôi.
+ Something/ somebody: người ta dùng “ They ” trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Ex: Everything is nice, isn’t it?
Ex: Somebody took her book, didn’t they?
6. Chủ từ câu nói dùng (You and I). Thành lập chủ từ câu hỏi đuôi là “ we”
Ex: You and I talked to Mr Green yesterday, didn’t we?

S + didn’t + V- inf. + O, did + S ?
S + V2/ ed + O, didn’t + S ?

COMPARISION (DẠNG SO SÁNH)
A. Equal comparison: (So sánh bằng)
1. With adjs/ advs: (Với tính từ/ trạng từ)
S1 + V + as + (adj/ adv) + as + S2
S1 + V (not) + as / so + (adj/ adv) + as + S2
Ex: She is as tall as her friend.
She runs as fast as her friend.
2. With nouns: (Với danh từ)
S1 + V + the same + (noun) + as+ S2
Ex: My house is the same height as his.
B. Comparatives: (So sánh hơn)
1. With short adjs/ advs: (Với tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn)
S1 + V + (short adj/ adv) + er + than + S2
Ex: A cat can run faster than a dog.
2. With long adjs/ advs: (Với tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn dài)
S1 + V + more + (long adj/ adv) + than + S2

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Ex: Lan is more beautiful than Hoa.
Ex: David drives more carefully than John.
C. Superlatives: (So sánh nhất)
1. With short adjs/ advs: (Với tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn)
S + V + the + (short adj/ adv) + est...
Ex: Nam is the tallest boy in his class.
2. With long adjs/ advs: (Với tính từ/ trạng từ dài)

S + V + the + most/ least + (long adj/ adv)...
Ex: This is the most interesting story I have ever heard.
He writes the most carefully.
 Notes:
1. Một số tính từ/ trạng từ bất quy tắc:
adjs/ advs
good/ well
bad/ badly
many/ much
little
far
old

comparatives
better
worse
more
less
farther/ further
older/ elder

superlatives
the best
the worst
the most
the least
the farthest/ furthest
the oldest/ eldest

2. Tính từ ngắn gồm các tính từ có một âm tiết, và các tính từ có hai âm tiết tận

cùng bằng y, ow, er, le
Ex: happy – happier
clever – cleverer
narrow – narrower
simple – simpler
3. Tính từ dài / trạng từ dài gồm các trạng từ có hai âm tiết trở lên không có tận
cùng là y, ow, er, le
Ex: beautiful – more beautiful
intelligent – more intelligent

CONNECTIVES: (TỪ NỐI)
1. and: (và):
Dùng để nối hai từ hoặc hai mệnh đề có ý tương đương.
Ex: She is beautiful and kind.
2. but (nhưng):
Dùng để nối câu có nghĩa trái ngược nhau.
Ex: They have a lot of money, but they’re not very happy.
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3. so (vì thế, vì vậy):
Dùng trong mệnh đề chỉ kết quả.
Ex: He’s ill, so she stays at home.
4. Therefore (cho nên):
Dùng thay cho “so”.
Ex: He’s ill. Therefore, she stays at home.
5. However (tuy nhiên):
Chỉ ý trái ngược.
6. because (bởi vì):
Chỉ lý do.

7. or: ( hoặc, hay):
Chỉ sự lựa chọn.
Ex: Is your sister tall or short?

RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ):
I. THAT
Ex:
- The woman who/that understands me best is my mother.
- The woman whom/that you met yesterday is my mother.
- She is holding the sweet- smelling rose which/that I gave her.
Có thể thay who, whom, which bằng that khi trước nó không có giới từ, không có
dấu phẩy (,)
* Các trường hợp dùng that:
1. Sau từ đứng trước hỗn hợp (cả người và vật)
Ex: He talked about the people and the things that he had visited.
2. Trước danh từ ở dạng so sánh nhất
Ex: He’s the best man that I’ve ever seen.
3. Trước danh từ là the first, the last, the same, the only, the very, every, no ,
all, much, little, some, any.
Ex: You are the only person that can help me.
4. Sau các đại từ bất định như: some, all, much, any, everyone, noone.
Ex: She has everything that she wants.
5. Sau It + be………that…: chính là…
Ex: It is my friend that told me the truth.
6. Khi từ đứng trước là ONE OF + danh từ số nhiều + that…
Ex: She is one of the girls that is on duty today.
* Trường hợp không dùng that:
Non-defining relative clause dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó (tên
riêng, danh từ được bổ nghĩa bởi sở hữu tính từ hoặc chỉ định từ this-that-these-those;
danh từ được bổ nghĩa bởi cụm tính từ: on the table, of the man…) nó được ngăn cách với

mệnh đề chính bằng dấu phẩy. Ta không thể thay WHO, WHOM, WHICH bằng THAT,
và ta có thể bỏ mệnh đề này đi.
Ex: Mrs Mai, who sings folk songs very beautifully, is my English teacher.
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II. WHO:
Who: Là từ đi liền sau danh từ hay đại từ chỉ người làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề
quan hệ
Ex: He is the boy. The boy played football very well.
 He is the boy who played football very well.
Relative clause
The girl is my sister. She is standing in front of the shop.
 The girl who is standing in front of the shop is my sister.
Relative clause
Or The girl who is my sister is standing in front of the shop. (đối với động từ to be
ta có 2 cách viết)

III. WHOM
Whom: Là từ đi liền sau danh từ hay đại từ chỉ người làm tân ngữ trong mệnh
đề quan hệ
Ex: He is the boy. I met him in the school yard.
 He is the boy whom I met in the school yard.
Relative clause
Combine these sentences, using relative pronouns:
1. He is the man. You want to meet him.
 ………………………………………………………………………
2. My father is a dentist. You met him yesterday.
 ………………………………………………………………………
3. This is the boy. I like him very much.

 ………………………………………………………………………
4. Mary is a kind girl. The boss gives her a present.
 ………………………………………………………………………
5. His sister is a nurse. The boy does not like her.
 ………………………………………………………………………
6. The girl has just come back home. My friend invites her to go out.
 ………………………………………………………………………
IV. WHICH
12


- Được dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật / sự vật/ sự kiện, làm chủ ngữ hoặc
tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
- Thay thế cho danh từ nào thì nó đứng liền trực tiếp sau danh từ đó.
Ex1: She shows me the table. It was made by her father.
She shows me the table which was made by her father.
(Which làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ)
Ex2: I bought an English book. I gave it to my friend.
I bought an English book which I gave to my friend.
(Which làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ)
Ex3: The flowers are so beautiful. She gives them to me on my birthday.

V. WHEN
- When là trạng từ quan hệ chỉ thời gian.
- When được dùng để thay thế cho “ at / on / in + which ; then”
- When đứng sau từ, cụm từ chỉ thời gian.
Example:
I’ll never forget the day .I first went to Da Lat on that day.
I’ll never forget the day when I first went to Da Lat.

VI. WHERE
Dùng để thay thế cho danh từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước nó.
Ex: She lives in London. I came there last year.
She lives in London where I came last year.

VII. WHOSE = OF WHICH
- Thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu (his, her, their…………)
- Hình thức sở hữu cách ( N1 + of + N2 ; N1’s + N2 )
Ex: The manager is very kind. His car parks over there.
- The manager whose car parks over there is very kind.
Form:
Noun + whose
+Noun + { S +V
(người)
(his/ her/their )
{V +O

THE USE OF PREPOSITIONS
13


1. AT:
For time:
At được dùng trước các cụm từ chỉ thời gian như sau:
At 2 p.m, at 1 o’clock
At night
At Christmas, at Easter
At once, at the moment, at present, at weekend, at last (cuối cùng)
For place:
At home, at the theater, at the seaside

At school, at the corner
At the top, at the bottom, at the end
2. IN
For time: IN được dùng trước:
Năm:
Ex: in 2000, in 2012
Tháng:
Ex: in May, in December
Mùa:
Ex: in spring, in summer, in autumn
Buổi:
Ex: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
IN TIME: kịp lúc
For place:
In (ở trong)
Ex: in the dining-room, in the box, in the desk
In: được dùng trước đất nước, miền, phương hướng …
Ex: in New York, in Ho Chi Minh City
In Viet Nam, in England
In the west, in the east
In my opinion, in English, in the middle of
3. ON
For time
On được dùng trước ngày trong tuần
Ex: on Monday, on Friday
On được dùng trước ngày tháng
Ex: on May 10, on December 11
On được dung trước ngày tháng năm
On November 20, 1982
ON TIME: đúng giờ

For place:
On: ở trên
Ex: A cat is on the chair.
There are some flowers on the table.
On foot, on TV, on radio, on the beach
4. BY
14


5.

6.

7.
8.

9.

BY được dùng trong câu bị động (có nghĩa “bởi”)
The meal is cooked by Lan.
By được dùng để chỉ phương tiện đi lại.
I go to school by bicycle.
By the time: trước khi
By chance: tình cờ
Learn by heart: học thuộc lòng
TO
Dùng để chỉ sự di chuyển
He took me to the zoo last weekend.
She invited me to the party.
INTO (vào trong)

She went into the class.
INTO: (chống lại = against)
He crashed his bike into the tree.
INTO: (được chia)
2 into 8 equals 4 (8 divided by 2 equals 4)
OUT OF: (ra ngoài)
He came out of the room
WITH:
- Có nghĩa mang, cùng
A girl with brown hair.
- Được dùng để chỉ một công cụ, phương tiện
She often writes with a pen.
- Chỉ sự đồng hành (cùng với)
They went with me
- Có nghĩa “với”
Do you agree with me?
UNDER
- Có nghĩa “ở dưới” chỉ vị trí
The dog under the table
The picture is on the wall, under the clock.
- Ít hơn, thấp hơn
Childen under 18 shouldn’t see this film.

THE GERUND
(DANH ĐỘNG TỪ)
GERUND: (Danh động từ  là động từ có đuôi “ing”)
V + ing
1. Cách dùng của danh động từ: (The usage of gerund)
1.1 Danh động từ làm chủ ngữ của câu (Subject of the sentence).
15

Example: Singing is one of my hobbies.
1.2 Danh động từ làm túc từ cho một động từ (Object of a verb).
Example: Her hobby is painting.
1.3 Danh động từ làm túc từ cho một giới từ (Object of a preposition).
Example: She looks forward to answering my questions.
1.4 Đặt trước một danh từ để thành lập một danh từ kép (Compound noun)
Example: sitting – room (phòng khách), a reading lamp (đèn đọc sách),
drinking water (nước uống) …
2. Vị trí của danh động từ: (Position of gerund)
2.1 Danh động từ đứng sau giới từ, ngoại trừ giới từ “to”:
Example: He is tired of learning.
You are late in coming.
They spoke about swimming.
Danh động từ đứng sau những động từ và cụm động từ như:
Word
start
stop
resume
continue
finish
advise
allow = permit
avoid
delay=postpone=put off
deny
enjoy
consider
go on = keep mind

Meaning
Bắt đầu
Dừng lại
Bắt đầu lại
Tiếp tục
Kết thúc
Khuyên
Cho phép
Tránh
Hoãn lại
Từ chối
Thích, thưởng thức
Chỉ, xem xét
Tiếp tục

Word
Forget
Practice
Prevent
Remember
Suggest = propose
Like
Love
Hate
Dislike
Prefer
Can’t stand
Look forward to
Be interested in

Meaning
Quên
Thực hành
Ngăn ngừa
Nhớ
Đề nghị
Thích
Yêu, thích
Ghét
Không thích
Thích hơn
Không thể chịu đựng
Trông ngóng
Thích, quan tâm

Example: He began sending this mail 15 minutes ago.
I stopped smoking when my daughter was 5 years old.
He kept complaining.
She likes going to the park on weekend.
2.3 Danh động từ đứng sau những thành ngữ như:
There is (có),
there is no (không),
there is much (có nhiều),
there is little (có ít),
it is no use (không có ích lợi gì)
it is no good (chẳng ích lợi gì)…
Example:
There was talking in the next room.
There is no knowing what may happen.

There was much debating on the subject.

16


ENOUGH TO / SO …THAT / SUCH … THAT / TOO … TO
1. Enough: (đủ)
Hàm ý xác định (positive meaning), được dùng trong cấu trúc sau:
a. Enough (an Adjective): là một tính từ, đứng trước một danh từ.
Enough + Noun + to-infinitive
Ex: Lan has enough money to buy a new English book.
b. Enough (an Adverb):
Là một trạng từ, đứng sau một tính từ hay một trạng từ khác.
(not) Adj/ Adv+ enough+ to-infinitive
Ex: She is not strong enough to carry this bag.
She is intelligent enough to do this exercise.
2. Too: (quá)
Là một trạng từ, hàm ý phủ định (negative meaning), chỉ sự vượt mức
qui định. Too đứng trước một tính (Adj) từ hay một trạng từ (Adv) để bổ nghĩa
cho từ đó:
too+ Adj/Adv+ to-infinitive
Ex: She is too young to watch this program.
She speaks too softly to hear.
Notes: too và so có thể dùng trong cấu trúc sau:
Adj/Adv + enough + for + O + to-infinitive
too + AdjAdv + for + O+ to-infinitive
Với cấu trúc này, Object là danh từ hay đại từ sau for là chủ từ của infinitive.
Ex: The film is too boring for me to watch.
3. so/ such …. that
a. so… that ( quá …. đến nỗi)

S + be + so + Adj + that S + V
(Main clause)
(Adverbial clause of result)
S + V (thường) + so + Adv +
Ex:

that + S + V

It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything.
The students study so well that the teacher is proud of them.

 Notes:
+ Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề chính là các động từ chỉ tri giác như: look,
17


appear, seem, feel, taste , smell, sound,……. ta dùng cùng công thức với động từ
to be.
Ex: He feels so happy that he could fly in the sky as a bird.
+ Nếu sau so có many, much, few, little thì ta có cấu trúc:
S + V + so + many/ few + plural countable noun + that + S + V
(danh từ đếm được số nhiều)
Ex: He sings so many songs that people feel uncomfortable
S + V + so + much/ little + uncountable noun + that + S + V
(danh từ không đếm được)
Ex: He has so much money that he can buy some expensive cars.
b. such … that ( quá …. đến nỗi):
S + V + such + a/an + Adj + N + that + S + V
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home.

MAKING SUGGESTIONS: (ĐỀ NGHỊ)
1.

Let’s + V…
Chúng ta hãy, người đề nghị cùng thực hiện hành động đó
Let’s = let us
Ex: Let’s play soccer. (Chúng ta hãy chơi đá banh)

2.

Shall we + V …?
Chúng ta hãy, người đề nghị cùng thực hiện hành động đó.
Ex: Shall we go out for dinner?

3.

How about/ What about + Gerund/Noun?
Ex: How about watching cartoon? (Chúng ta hãy xem phim hoạt hình)

4.

Why don’t we + V …?
Ex: Why don’t we play table tennis?
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* Answer for suggestions:
a. Agree:
- Yes, let’s. / Ok. Good idea. / Great. Go ahead. / Sounds interesting.
b. Disagree:

- No, let’s not. / I don’t think It’s a good idea./ No. Why don’t we + V…?
Đề nghị với suggest:
1.

S + suggest + gerund …
Ex: I suggest going out for lunch.

2.

S+ suggest that + S + should + V …
Ex: I suggest that he should go to school on time.

 Notes:
- Từ that trong câu trên không được bỏ.
- Mệnh đề theo sau suggest có thể ở thì present subjunctive (hiện tại giả định/
bàng thái)
Ex: His teacher suggested that he do his home work carefully.

19


Kỹ năng đọc hiểu:
Question 1. Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) which best completes each sentence.
1. Listen! My sister ............. in the next room.
a. is singing
b. sing
c. is going to sing
d. will sing
2. Your son ............... morning exercises everyday.
a. do

b. does
c. is doing
d. are doing
3. Tomorrow ........... my friend's birthday. I ......... some flowers for her.
a. is / will buy
b. will be / will buy
c. is / buy
d. will be / buy
4. It's often warm ............ summer and cool ............. autumn.
a. in / on
b. one / in
c. in / in
d. at / in
5. Her birthday is .......... August the third. She always gets a lot of presents .......... her birthday.
a. on / on
b. in/ in
c. on / in
d. in / at
6. Nam is learning English .............. his room and his dog is ........... the desk.
a. at / in
b. at / on
c. in / on
d. in / under
7. Are you free ................ today, Paul? No, I am very busy ................ the housework.
a. in / with
b. on / of
c. no word / with
d. at / to
8. Bob, would you like to go .......... the zoo ........... us on Sunday.
- I'd love to, but I am afraid not because I have a lot of exercises to do.

a. with / to
b. to / with
c. to / to
d. no word / with
9. Thanks ............ ringing. I am going to see you at half ............. seven.
a. of / to
b. for / to
c. for / past
d. of / over
10. Rebecca is English but she isn't ......... England. She comes to Vietnam .......... Thailand.
a. from / in
b. from / for
c. for / from
d. from / from
11. Look ........... that strange man. He is looking ......... Lan but Lan isn't here.
a. for / at
b. at / for
c. at / at
d. after / at
12. Count ....... one ........ one hundred, please.
a. on / to
b. to / on
c. from / to
d. to / to
13. There is .......... ink - pot on the desk.
a. the
b. a
c. an
d. some
14. What is ........ color of your pen?

a. the
b. a
c. an
d. any
15. Kate and Mary are going to ............. cinema.
a. the
b. a
c. an
d. no article
16. My parents are always at ......... home on Sundays.
a. the
b. a
c. an
d. no article
17. What's ............ weather like in winter in your country?
a. the
b. a
c. an
d. no article
18. Please, put these pencils in ....... box.
a. an
b. the
c. a
d. no article
19. Listen to .......... teacher, please. Don't talk in class.
a. the
b. a
c. an
d. no article
20. After dinner, I always wash ............. dishes.

a. an
b. a
c. the
d. no article
Question 2. Read the following passage and answer the questions below.
I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I didn’t know the way
to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well.
The porter, howerver, could not understand me. I repeated my questions serveral times ams at last,
he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly, but I could not understand him. My


teacher never spoke English lkie that ! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he
said something and I understood it. “ You will soon learn English!” he said. I wonder. In England,
each man speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don’t understand
them ! Do they speak English ?
1. The writer asked the porter……………
a. how to speak English.
b. Where the railway station was.
c. The direction to the hotel.
d. If he could speak English.
2. The porter couldn’t understand the writer because …………..
a. The writer did not speak English very carefully.
b. The writer repeated the questions serveral times.
c. The porter didn’t know English.
d. The writer’s English was unusual.
3. The writer’s teacher of English ………………….
a. spoke English differently from English people.
b. Never spoke Englisj in class.
c. Didn’t speak English slowly.
d. Didn’t work as a porter.

4. In England ………..
a. People understand one another without speaking English.
b. People speak English, which is not like the one the write studies at school.
c. People don’t speak English at all.
d. Each person speak a different language.
5. Which of the following statements is not true ?
a. The writer expected everyone in England to speak like his teacher.
b. At last the writer understood what the porter said.
c. The porter didn’t feel angry with the writer.
d. The porter always spoke English slowly and clearly.
Question 3. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only One word in
each space.
A rich man and his wife went into a shop to buy a bracelet (1)……………….. of them was
very young. They looked (2)………………… a lot (3)…………….. beautiful bracelet, and after
half (4)…………………….. hour there were two which they likes (5)……………… much, but
they had not yet been (6)………………………. to choose between them. One of them was very
expensive, and the other was quite a (7)……………….. cheaper.
Of course, the shopkeeper (8)……………… to sell the more expensive one, because then he
would get more (9) ……………………. From them, so he (10)…………………….. to the lady, “
Oh, go (11)…………………. Spend his (12)………………. If you don’t, he will only
(13)………………… it in his second wife “.
For serveral seconds (14)……………. said a word , and then the lady said angrily, “ I am his
(15)……………….. wife ! “
Question 4. Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) which best completes each sentence.
1. It is a quarter ................. one.
a. over
b. pass
2. Are there many students in Room 513?

c. past

d. on


a. Yes, they are

b. No, they aren't

c. Yes, there are

aren't
3. Pupils are learning .............
a. English
b. England
c. in English
4. Let's play football.
- Yes, ...................
a. lets
b. we play
c. let us do
5. Her birthday is ................ November.
a. in
b. on
c. at
6. Maria is ............... the radio.
a. looking
b. watching
c. listening to
7. Let's go out to play now.
- No, ............. I am doing my homework.

a. all right
b. let's not
c. we don't
8. My young brother can sing but I ...................
a. aren't
b. can
c. can't
9. When's your birthday?
- It's ................
a. in 1990
b. on May 20th
c. in October
10. ................. Mr. Baker want a new raincoat?
a. Does
b. Do
c. Can
11. The weather is hot in Vietnam ...................
a. in winter
b. in summer
c. in spring
12. Mr. Dickson is very tall and big. He needs a ........................ raincoat.
a. large size
b. short
c. long and big
13. George is short. He needs ...........................
a. a large size
b. a medium size
c. a small size
14. Excuse me! .................. you speak English?
a. Does

b. Are
c. Do
15. .................... do you need, Annette?
a. What
b. When
c. Where
16. Mary ............... me the way to Ho Tay lake.
a. gives
b. shows
17. That man brings ............... every morning.
a. them milk
b. their milk
18. Take these dishes and bowls .............. the kitchen.
a. in
b. on
19. You ............... to the seaside this summer.
a. are going
b. are going to go
20. I never ............ at home on Sundays.
a. stay
b. stays

d. No, there

d. in England

d. let's
d. into
d. hearing to

d. let's
d. am not

d. in May 20th
d. Must
d. in autumn
d. long and small
d. a big size
d. Is
d. Which

c. tell

d. told

c. milk them

d. milk for them

c. at

d. into

c. will go

d. all are correct

c. don't stay

d. all are correct

Question 5. Read the following passage and answer the questions below.
CHOOSING A CAREER
You should keep in mind that your job will help derermine your future friends and the place
where you will live, as well as your income. In other words, your career means more than just a
certain kind of work, it represents a way of life.


Another ponit to be aware of in choosing your career is the effect this decision has on your
present life. Some people think that students who have a career in mind do better work in school
than those having no plans for themselves after graduation. Others disagree and claim that students
are better off if they keep an open mind and seek a broad base of knowledge before deciding on a
career.
One serious problem faces you when you select a vocational goal: making the right choice for
yourself. You should think carefully and make a tentative choice at first. It may develop into a
permanent goal or it may not. But keep an open mind until you know more about the occupation.
This will give you an opportunity to seek general knowledge before you attempt to specialze. You
will fund a general educational background to be useful and necessary in almost any job.
When you select an occupation, remember to select a job that you think you can do best, both
for your own satisfaction ans the good of all: You should choose a vocation that will be a
challenge to you and yet one in which you can achieve success through your abilities.
1. Your decision on a career.
a. doesn’t affects present life.
b. Affects your present life.
c. Help to seek a broad base of knowledge.
d. Is useful for your family.
2. When choosing a vocational goal.
a. You don’t have to think carefully.
b. You don’t have to make a tentative choice
c. You must make the choice for yourself.

3. In what ways does your career represent your way of life ?
a. It helps determine the amount of money you will gain from your labor.
b. It helps determine your futere friends.
c. It helps determine the place you will live.
d. All the above statements are correct.
4. You should choose a job.
a. That doesn’t require too must effort.
b. That is suited to your ability.
c. That is good for your interest only.
d. That is easy to do.
5. Which of the following ideas is Not stated in the passage ?
a. Students who have a career in miond study better than those having no plans for their
future work.
b. It’s better for them to seek knowledge before deciding on a career.
c. It’s impossible to have basic knowledge of a job they may choose.
d. It’s impossible that they will find a general educational background to be useful in almost
any job.
Question 6. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only One word
in each space.
There (1)………………. Abank robberly in central London yesterday. Just before closing
time yesterday, a man (2)…………… the Butcher Street Branch of the National Westminster
Bank. He was (3)……………. A shotgun, and (4)……………… a stocking mask
(5)……………. His head. There were only a few (6)………………………… in the bank at the
time. He made them (7)………………… on the floor, and (8)……………………… the
cashier (9) ……………….. put the (10)………………….. in the sack. As he was leaving the
security guard (11) …………… to ring the alarm. The robber ahot him and the guard is now in


St. Patrick’s Hospital. (12) ………………. Are trying to save his life. Last night the police
(13)…………………………. a man in South London. He is now helping the police

(14)…………… their (15)………………
Question VII. Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) which best completes each sentence.
1. He ........... eggs, bread and butter.
a. is wanting
b. doesn't want
c. do want
d. didn't want
2. What time .......... he
.............. lunch?
a. does / have
b. do / have
c. is / having
d. does / has
3. I need a book but she ............
a. needn't
b. doesn't
c. needs not
d. don't
4. ............... the Pikes ............. in the garden now?
a. Is / working
b. Doesn't / working
c. Are / working
d. Do / work
5. There .............. four
seasons in a year.
a. are
b. be
c. is
d. am
6. There ...

a. isn't
b. aren't
c. is
d. are
7. Mrs. Mary ................ me English.
a. teaching
b. teaches
c. teach
d. doesn't teaches
8. We have much ............... in the rainy season.
a. rainy
b. rain
c. raining
d. rains
9. The Bakers ................ lunch
a. having
b. is having
c. are having
d. has
10. I don't have ............... money
a. much
b. many
c. no
d. a few
11. ................. is the best football team in our school.
a. Our
b. Ours
c. We
d. Our’s
12. Many retirers feel useless because they ........................................

a. do volunteer work
b. have limited incomes
c. aren't working
d. can't help themselves
13. "It's very painful! .................... I've worked for a long time in my garden," the
woman said.
a. because
b. for
c. by
d. as soon as
14. The woman has hurt her back ............. for too long.
a. to bend
b. by bending
c. for bending
d. owing to you bend
15. A lot of passengers who ................... in the ship crash are still suffering from shock.
a. is
b. are
c. was
d. were
16. "How many ships ...................... there in our merchant fleet?" Mr Pike asked me.
a. had been
b. have been
c. had been
d. are
17. I .................. in this garage as a car mechanic for 15 years.
a. has been working
b. have been working
c. had worked
d. worked

18. The person who ................ in charge of a car is the conductor.
a. is
b. are
c. was
d. were
19. She regretted ....................... how to ride a bicycle when she was young.
a. not to learn
b. not learning
c. not having learnt
d. b & c are correct
20. The doctor showed the patient .................. to do some exercises.
a. what
b. why
c. when
d. how
Question 7. Read the following passage and answer the questions below.
For many years people believed that the cleverest animals after man were chimpanzees. Now,
however, there is proof that dolphins may be even clever than these big apes.


Although a dolphin lives in the sea it is not s fish, It is a manmal. It is in many ways, therefore,
like human being.
Dolphins hve a simple language. They are able to talk to one other, It may be possible for man
to learn how to talk to dolphins. But this will not be easy because dolphins can not hear the kind of
sound man can make. If man wants to talk to Dolphins, therefoere, he will have to make a third
language, which both he anf the dolphins can understand.
Dolphins are also very friendly towards man. They often follow ships. There are many stories
of dolphins guiding ships through difficult and dangerous waters.
1. Which animals do people think may be the cleverest ?
a. Chimpanzees

c. Big – apes
b. Dolphins
d. Mammals
2. What other being are dolphins like in may ways ?
a. Fish
c. Reptiles
b. Animals
d. Man
3. What have scientists discovered about dolphins ?
a. They understand simple language.
b. They can speak English.
c. Men can now talk to them.
d. They can teach men their language.
4. Why is a third language necessary if man wants to talk to dolphins ?
a. Most man do not speak English.
b. The dolphins language is hard to learn.
c. Dolphins can not hear man speaking.
d. Men want to talk to dolphins insecure.
5. In what way are dolphins friendly to man ?
a. They like interesting things about man.
b. They often follow ships.
c. They often jump on to ships.
d. They seem to like stories.
Question 8. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only ONE word
in each space.
My aunt Jennifer (1) ……………… an actress. She must (2)………………….. at least thirtyfive years (3) ……………… .In (4)…………………. Of this, she often appears (5)………………
the stage as a young girl. Jennifer (6)………………. have to take (7)…………….. in a new play
soon. This times, sje will (8)…………………. A girl (9)……………….. seventeen. In the play,
she must appear (10)…………………… a bright red dress and long black stockings.
(11)………………….. year in another play, she had to (12)……………. short socks and a bright,

orange-colored dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she (13)…………, she always answers, “
My dear, it must (14)………….. terrible to be (15)………… up !”
Question 9. Choose the word or phrase (a, b, c or d) which best completes each sentence.
1. We have got high inflation. That's why prices keep .............. up.
a. go
b. to go
c. going
d. to going
2. They wanted to know why they ....................... it for her while she could do it by herself.
a. did
b. have done
c. should do
d. have to do
3. Firemen rescued several people from the ................ floor of the blazing building.
a. high
b. top
c. basement
d. low
4. When the electricity failed, he ................ a match to find the candles.