Cách đánh dấu trọng âm và phát âm đúng tiếng anh

TRAN MANH TITONG

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CACH OANH DAU
TRONG AM VA
PHAT AM DUNG

W

N H A X U A T B A N D A I H O C SU P H A M


c Ac h d An h d a u

Am vA
p h A t Am b u n g
t r o* n g

T IE N G A N H


T R A N M A N H T lfO N G
■

CACH DANH d X u
TRONG
■ Am VA
ph a t Am d Ong

TIENG ANH

N H A X U A T B A N D A I H Q C S IT P H A M


l

6i n o i d a u

Nhu cdu hoc tieng Anh ngay cang nhieu, thu hut
moi dot ttiOng trong xa hoi, dac biet la cdc em hoc
sinh, sinh vien. Song khtng phai ai cung nam vitng
va hieu ro diMc nhvtng quy tac, lu(Lt le trong tieng
Anh de phat dm va noi chudn thii tieng nay.
B e dap ting nhu cdu tren, chung tdi to chtic bien
soan cuon sach uC dch ddnh dau tron g dm va
p h a t dm dung tien g Anh**.
Nhting dieu hudng ddn trong sach nay la rat can
thiet cho nhting ai muon co nhting kl nang can ban de
phat dm va noi tieng Anh chudn. Sach dtiac chia lam
3 phan chinh:
• Phan 1. Trong dm
• Phdn II. Nguyen dm
• Phdn III. N gti dieu cua mot cdu
Sach trinh bay ngan gon, ro rang, d i hieu, cdc
ban co the tiep thu kien thtic mot cach hieu qua nhat.
Hi vong qua cuon sach nay, cdc ban se cai thien
dang ke viec phat dm va noi chudn tieng Anh. Chuc
cdc ban thdnh cdng!
T A C G IA
5

PARTI

TOONS AM (STBESS)
PHAN A
AM TIET (SYLLABLES)
Trong tilng Anh, &m tilt 1& m$t b§ ph$n cua tCt, m$t tit c6 th£
c6 m§t ho$c nhilu fim tilt.
1 &m tilt:
map
cat
road

/macp/
/ktetl
/raud/

bdndS
con m&o
dieting di

/’memba/
/’tenda/

thdnh viin
diu ddng, du yem
congdi

2 fim tilt:

member
tender
daughter

rdo:ts/

3 fim tilt:
engineer
continue
document

/endji’nia/
/kan’tinju:/
/’dokjumant/

ky 8it
tiep tuc
tdi lieu

Mpt Sun tilt bao gom m§t nh6m cac ch\J cai dirtjc phat &m
cClng nhau. M5i fim tilt c6 thl c6 m§t hofic nhi£u phu im (C),
nhifng chi m$t fim nguyen 6m (V) m& thoi. Thinh thoang mot
nguyen dm c6 thl dting m§t minh de t$o th&nh mpt am tiet.
ChCfng n&o mk nguyen &m d6 tvf^ng trtfng cho mot fim, thi am
tilt d6 khong cin phai c6 phy fim.
7


elicit
nan giai

e/li/cit
/ilisit/
eleven
mitdi mot
e/le/ven
/Hevan/
open
mdcita
o/pen
/aupan/
operate
hoat dong, van hdnh
o/pe/rate
/ Dpareit/
Mot am tilt co th£ co fim phu am (C)
+ Tnfdc nguyen 6m( V)
go

be

no

do

+ Sau nguy§n am
on

egg

ice

+ ho&c tnldc v6 sau nguySn am
leg

pen

house

kite

* Cach xac dinh am tiet
Mot am nguyen am 16 ylu to cd ban di tao thAnh mot am
tilt. Vi th l chung ta c6n phai biet mot chuoi chO cai nguySn 6m
d$i di$n cho mot am nguyen am hay nhilu hdn. So am tiet
b6ng so 6m nguyen am.
1 am tilt:
eat
meat
see
2 am tiet:
create
science
8

li:tl
/mi:t/
/si:/

:
:

:

an
thit
nhin

/kri’eit/
r saians/

:
:

tao ra
khoa hoc


Hay lvfu si/ tao ra
creation
(n) /kri’ei/n/
sang too, tao ra
create
(v) /kri’eit/
sinh hoc
biology
(n) /bai’nladji/
dia ly hoc
geography (n) /d ji’ngrafi/
hinh tam gidc
triangle

(n) /’traaengl/
sit phdn ting
reaction
(n) /ri’ask/n/
sit that
reality
(n) /ri’«lati/
dia chat hoc
geology
(n) /d ji’nladji/
sitgiai tri
recreation
(n) /rekri’ei/n/
khoa hoc
science
(n) /’saians/
hiep hoi
association (n) /asausi’ei/n/
♦Dpng tif c6 quy tac, d thi qu& khti dcfn -e d
Dong tuCc6 quy t&c (relular verb) dvf^c ket thuc b&ng It/ ho&c
Id/ khi them -ed , thi tOf d6 dii^c phat am th§m mot am ti£t.
Con cac d$ng tvf t^n cung b&ng cac am con lai, thi khi them ed
v&o so fim ti£t khong thay doi.
Vi du nhu painted, needed c6 hai am tiet trong khi d6 liked,
looked chi c6 mot am tiet.
So am tiet thay doi khi them “ed”
So &m
ti£t

D$ng tif

So am
ti£t

Qui khOf dcta

want

muon

1 wanted

invite

mdi

2

divide

phan chia

communicate

lien lac

/wantid/

2

invited

/in’vaitid/

3

2

divided

/di’vaidid/

3

4

communicated /k'mju:nikeitid/

5

9


So &m tiet khong thay d& khi th£m “ed”
8*
Am

86
DQnftft

play
listen
cry
exercise

chtfi
nghe
kh6c
luy$nt$p

Am

QuA khtjf d
tift
1
2
1
3

played
listened
cried
exercised

Ipleidl
/'liasndl
/ kroid /
I ’eksdeaizdl

+ Tinh tif tan cung b&ng -e d
H&u h£t cac tinh tit d\ltrong a married man, a deserted area, an abandoned
cild, thi cach tinh so fim tiet gitfng nhu dpng txt t£n ding b&ng
ed. Tuy nhien, mpt so tinh trCf c6 t£n cilng b&ng -ed , ho$c mQt
s6 trying tit t^Ln cdng bang -ed ly dil^c phat &m nhil lit m§t &m
ti&t rieng bi$t /id/.
Tinh ttt co hai am tiet (two syllables adjectives):
naked

/’neikid/

trdn trudng

crooked

/Tcrukid/

cong, oan

ragged

/’raegid/

nhdu, cu

wretched

/Yetid/

khon kho

rugged

rrAgid/

learned

/l3:nid/

go ghi, 1dm chxtm
uyin bdc

Trang tvf co 4 am tiet (4 syllables adverbs):

10

deservedly

/di’z3:vidli/

xitng dang

supposedly

/sa’pauzidli/

cho Id

cho rdng (dUOc
khdng dinh, md
khdng cdn chitng
mink)
Trang tvt co 3 am tilt (3 syllables adverbs):
allegedly

/a’ledjidli/

markedly

/’ma:kidli/

:

mdt cdch ro rdng,
dang chu y

+ Danh tit s6 nhilu, d§ng tit ng6i thit ba so ft, hay ed hdu cach
(possesive’s) dilthi tit d6 dvt^c phat &m th§m m$t am tilt.
M$t am tilt
bus
miss
cause
box
watch
page
Gorge
book

map
send
cat
sing
John

Hai fim tilt
buses
misses
causes
boxes
watches
pages
Gorges
books
maps
sends
cats
sings
John’s

Con tit t^n cung bang cac fim con lai, khi them s hay es v&o dl
hinh thanh dang danh tit so nhieu ho$c dong tit ngoi thii ba so
ft, hay set hflu cach, thi so am tiet cua tit vin khong thay doi.
11


PRACTICE
PHAN A : AM TIET (SYLLABLES)
1. How many syllables? Write down the number.

EX
computer
3
1.
teacher
2. generous
3.
pollution
4. document
5.
tomorrow
6. behind
7.
garden
8. relax
9.
intelligent
10. letter
11.
country
12. police
13.
future
14. tourist
15.
company
2. How many syllables? Tick (V) the right option.
EX
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
12

eat
fair
train
pain
chair
sail
play
said
afraid
says
plaid
stay
again
wait

a 1
□ 3

□ 2
□
1
□ 3
□- 1
□ 4
□ 2
□
5
□ 4
□
1
□ 4
□ 2
□ 3

□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□

2
2
1
2
4
2
2
1
3
3
2
5
1
4

□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□

3
4
3
4
2

3
5
3
4
2

3
3
3
5


14.
15.

day
pair

□
□

1
2

□
□

2
3

□
□

3
1

3. How many syllables? Write down the number.
EX
1.
3.
5.
7.
9.
11.
13.
15.
17.
19

advertised
filled
intended
laughed

added
observed
worked
tested
hired
supposedly
encountered

3
.......
......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......
.......

2.
4.
6.
8.
10.
12.
14.
16.
18.
20.

attacked
planted
counted
watched
opened
answered
used
caused
produced
succeeded

4. Group the following words into the right column
according to their number syllables.
ices
churches
fences
concepts
attaches
harmacists

rulers
saves
completes
magazines
mixes
devices

books
packs

notions
things
pleases
disappears

juices
dishes
manages
jogs
preserves
joggers

villages
judges
agee—

13


1 syllables___________2 syllables____________ 3 syllables
....things.......... ages......
...........................villages....

5. Underline the letter (e) in the (es) ending whenever it
is not pronounced.
1.
2.
3.
4.

wives
suitcases
erases
language!

5.
6.
7.
8.

dances
tomatoes
Steve’s
headaches

9.
10.
11.
12.

Gorges
fixes
villages
comes

6. Which word has a different number of syllables from
the others? Circle it.
EX
1.
2.

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
14

snakes
wanted
likes
chicken
about
fourteen
builds
supermaket
school

sheep
walked
wants
chocolate
around
forty
rebuild
waterfall
texts

(^bxes^)
saved

talks
afternoon
asleep
tenth
builder
holiday
over

cats
brushed
washes
different
asked
hundred
building

hairdresser
sports


9.
10.

interest
entertain

ago
tomorrow

lined

languages

needed
history

7. Circle the word with a different number of syllables.
EX
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

rights
access
children
matches
decided
generous
tasks
farmers
water
animal
efforts

knows
passed
difficult
parents
advised
reasonable
choice
dislike
waste
famous
enjoying

beaches
needed
interview
labors
combined
prepare
work
used
iron
mineral
country

knowledge
qualified
imported
employed
tendency

boxes
people
cities
resources
enough

15


PHAN B
TRONG AM (STRESSED SYLLABLE)
Dinh nghia:
Trong am (stressed syllable) cua mot tit (word) la mot v&n
(syllable) hay mot am tiet cua tCf d6 dunhQng v&n con lai, nghia la phat am ra d6 vdi mot am lvfdng ldn
hdn va cao d6 hdn.
Doi khi mot tti khong nhvtng chi c6 mot trong am, ma con c6
hai trong am. Khi d6 ta c6 trong am chinh (main stressed
syllable) hay (primary stressed syllable) vh trong am phu
(secondary stressed syllable). NhQng tif chi mot am tilt thi dl
nhien am tilt d6 cung la trong am. Neu theo thti tu, thi trong
am, trCf manh nhSt den it manh nh^t, diidc Id hi§u bang nhflng
d£u nhifn giong dat dang trvfdc v& ben tren am tiet dtfdc
nhah giong nhu sau:

Trong am chinh “ ' " (main stressed syllable) hay trong
am dtp mot (primary stressed syllable).
Trong am phu “ ‘ " (second stress) hay trong am dtp hai
(secondary stressed syllable).
Trong am phu cap ba (it hoac khong dung).

Trong am phu cap bon (it dung ho&c khong dung).

16


Nhvtng kl hi$u tr§n dtf^c goi la “dtfu nhfin giong” hay
“d£u &m” (accent mark).
VD: examination /ig’zaemi’nei/an/: ki thi
hay /examination/
Dildi dfiy Ik nhQng quy tic chung va rieng d l tim ra trong
fim cua m§t tit. Thtfc ra, nhQng quy tac nay cung chi la nhflng
nh^n x6t v l phat am ma th6i, chUa thi coi la nhQng quy tac
nhif trong toan hoc dUtfc, vi quy tac nao cung c6 ngo$i 1$.

B&i 1. Nhumg v ln c6 trpng am co djnh
1. Nhufng van cuoi dvfdi day ludn luon co trong am.
-ade
/bloTceid/

8Uphong tod

a comrade

rkomrid/

dSng chi

marmalade

/’ma:mleid/

mitt cam

a refugee

/refju’dji/

ngitcri. ti nan

to guarantee

/gaera’ti/

boo dam

coffee

rkoRI

cd phe

decade

/de'keid/

th&p nien, mitdi ndm

committee

/ka’miti/

uy ban

a blockade
Ngo$i 1$

-ee

Ngo^i If

17


-eer

/endja’nidl

ky sit

/tai’ni:z/

ngitdi TrungHoa

bamboo

/baem'bui

cdy tre

balloon

/balu:n/

qua bong

a cigarette

/siga’ret/

thuSc Id

a novelette

/novelet/

tidu thuyit ngan

engineer
-ese
Chinese
-oo(-):

-ette

-self:
Cac ‘self-pronouns’ hay ‘relexive pronouns’: myself, himself
- Good helps those who help themselves: Trxti phu ke tit
giup thdn.
-esque
r * '

pictuseque

/pikt/a’resk/ = dep nhit tranh

2. Nhufng van sau day cung luon co trong am
-cur
to occur

IdTea:/

xay ra

/pri’dikt/

tien doan

/i’fektJ

tac dong, tac dung

-diet:
to predict
-ect:
effect

18


correct

/ka’rekt/

dung

/’insekt/

c6n triing

Ngoai If
insect

- There is no effect without a cause: Nguyen nh&n ndo h&u
qua &y
-fen
confer

/kan’fa:/

hdi ki&n, ban cho

defer

/di’fa/

chiu nhiibng, hoan lai

prefer

/pri’fa:(r)/

thick hctn, khieu ng.i,
thdng ckhtc

y: NhQng dong tvf t$n cilng b&ng “fer” c6 hai danh tit vilt
ic nhau, doc khac nhau.
iu

conferrence

/Tcofarans/

cuoc hdi kien

conferment

/Tcanfa:mant/

li trao, ban...

deference

/’defarans/

sU chiu nhitdng

deferment

/’difa:mant/

sit hoan lai

preference

fprefarans/

stf thien vi

preferment

/’prifa:mant/

sit tien cit

coffer

/•kofa/

ket ditng bac

to offer

fofe/

de nghi giup, ddng cung

to pilfer

/’pilffa(r)/

an cap vat

to suffer

TsAfa/

chiu kho, chiu phat

Ngoai If

19


-mit:
commit

/ka’mit/

pham t6i, cam kSt

/kam’pel/

bat buoc

/pres/

vat, ep, dp liic, ndm chat,
chen

/ka’rApt/

thoi not, tham nhung

-pel:
compel
-press:
to prees
-rupt:
corrupt

Idm suy doi, Idm thoi not

to corrupt
-sist:
assist

/a’sist/

giup dd

/kan’tein/

chtta ditng

/d i’test/

ghet (to hate)

/a’traakt/

hap ddn, l6i cuon

/pri’vent/

ngan can, Idm trd ngai

/a’va:t/

ngoanh mat khdng nhin,
tranh, ngiCa

-tain:
contain
-test:
detest
-tract
attract
-vent:
prevent
-vert:
avert

*Chu y: B£t cd tieng n&o khac cung nh£n cl vin giong nhu v&n
chu£n cl d&u dong.
20


Bai 2: Trong am vdi tCrco 2 am tiet
1. D&nh trong am vao am tiet dau doi vdi nhufng tu’ co hai
am tilt.
a.

Da so nhilng t£f c6 hai am tiet thi trong am cl am tilt d&u,
nhfft la khi fim tilt cuoi c6 t$n cilng b&ng “er, or, ar, y, ow,
ance, ent, en, on**
father

/’fo&a/

cha

mother

/’mAfta/

me

flower

/’flaua/

hoa

to enter

/tu’enta/

vao, di vao

to suffer

/tu’sAfa/

chiu ditng

constant

/^constant/

lien tuc lien mien

distant

/’distant/

dxa, cach xa

instant

/’instant/

ngay ttic thi

absent

/’aebsent/

accent

/’aeksant/

vdng mat

giong doc, noi

current

/kArant/

hien hdnh

mountain

r mauntan/

nui

forest

/’forist/

plateau

/’plaetou/

valley

/’vaeli/

lion

/’laian/

ritng
cao nguyen
thung lung
sit tit

parents

r p3arants/

cha me

children

/’t/ildran/

con cai


Ngoai If:

xi mang
kenh ddo

ciment

/si’ment/

canal

/ka'nal/

decoy

/di*koi/

desire

/di’zaia/

chim moi
itdc long

idea

/ai’dia/

y tutting

ideal

/ai’dia/

ly titting

July

/dju’lai/

thdng 7

machine

/ma/i:n/

cai may

police

/po’li:s/
/tek’nik/

canh sdt
ky thudt

technique

NhQng d6ng tit tAn cilng b&ng “ent” thi thUcfng lai co trong
a cl am tilt thCt hai.
to accent

/tu aek’sent/

to consent

/tu kan’sentJ

nhdn giong
thod thuan

to frequent

/tu fri'kwent/ :

ndng lui ttii

to present

/tu pri’zent/

gitii thieu, trinh bay.

Ngoai le: Nhilng tit c6 hai am tiet tAn cung b&ng “ ent” sau
Ly ditdc nh£n giong b am tiet thCf hai, du d6 la danh tii, dong
: hay tinh tit.

22

event

/i’vent/

lament

Aa’ment/

descent

/di’sent/

descend

/dei’send/

sit kien, bien co
Itii than van, ren ri
sit xiiong, dong doi
nguon goc