tiểu luận về cách đánh dấu trọng âm từ Tiếng Anh (Hay lắm)

University of Language and international studies-VNU,
Hanoi.
Post-graduate department
…… …..** .…… …
Training program: MA in English Linguistics
Course title : Principles of phonetics and phonology


Title assignmemt :
A research in to word stress patterns in English
By : Nguyen Dinh Hung
Date of birth : 24.02.1979
Place of birth : Khanh Thanh Yen Thanh Nghe An– –
Group : PG 08
Tel : 0977.991.996
For : Assoc. Prof .Dr : Vo Dai Quang
--Ha noi 2008—
Acknowledgement


First and foremost ,I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my
lecterer, Assoc. Prof .Dr : Vo Dai Quang for his assistance and support through
this research.
I am also indebted to all my lecterers at Post-graduate department,
University of Language and international studies-VNU, Hanoi for their precious
knowledge.
I also would like to thank the teachers of English at Quy hop I , Nghe an
Uppersecondary school and Ngoc tao, Hanoi Uppersecondary school, who helped
me a lot in my research.
Last but not least, I am grateful to the authors of the books I used as references in
my research whose ideas in their books provided me with useful theoretical

background.
Hanoi,September,2008
NguyÔn §×nh Hïng
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NguyenDinhHung - PG 08- A research in to word stress patterns in English
Table Of content
. Acknowledgement . .i…… ……… ……… …… … … …… … … …… … …… … ……
.Table of content . .ii…………………………………………… …………
Part I ; introduction
1. Rational for choosing the topic .. .1…………………… …………………
2. Aims and objectives .. ..1………………………………… ………………
3. Scope of the research .. 1……………………………… …………………
4. Method of the research .. ..1……………………………… ………………
Part II : Development
Chapter I : Theoretical background . ..2…………………… ………………
1. Denifition . ...2…………………………………………… ………………
2. Stress within word . ..2……………………………………… ……………
3. The nature of word stress 2………………………………………………
4. Knowledge to place the stress . 2……………………… …………………
Chapter II : The rules of placement of stress within the simple words
1. Two-syllable words .3……………………………………………………
2. Three-syllable and more-than-three-syllable words ...4…………………
Chapter III : The complex words 7……………………………………………
1. Denifition . 7…………………… …………………………………………
2. Suffixes . . ..7…………………… …………………… ……………………
3. Prefixes. . . .8…………………… …………………… ……………………
4. Compound words. . ...9…………………… ………………………………
Chapter IV : Word class pairs. . ..10…………………… ………………………
Part III: Conclusion. . . ..11…………………… …………… ……………
1. Review of the research. . ..11…………………… …………………………

2. Limitation and suggestions for further research. .11………………………


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NguyenDinhHung - PG 08- A research in to word stress patterns in English
Part I: Introduction
1. Rational for choosing the topic.
Nowadays, in this globalization and intergration era, comunication and cros-
comunication have become a pivotal want and need of people all over the world.
In Viet nam, English has long been considered a tool of international
comunication and together with its increasing importance, the need of learning
English is becoming more urgent than ever. But Vietnamese leanershave met a lot
of difficulties in learning English,especially in pronunciation of English words.In
order to pronounce correctly, speakers must know where the stress of the word is
put on correctly.
It is very difficult for listeners to listen the words that are pronounced without
stress that means the speaker pronounces all the syllables equally,whereas word
stress is the pronounced of syllable with more force than surrounding syllables. A
stressed syllable is produced by using more air from the lungs. Without correct
stress, it can be said that the words might be not understood, or the stress is not
put on correctly,the meaning of the word some times might be different.
From those reasons , I decide to do a research into word stress patterns in
English.
2. Aims and objectives.
This research is mainly aimed at:
-Helping learners to have clear understanding about how to place the stress of a
word.
-Pointing out some rules of word stress placement.
- Helping students pronounce the word correctly with correct stress placement.
3. Scope of the research.

The research will focus on English simple word stress for two-syllable, three
syllable and more-than-three syllable words, the complex words and some special
miniral words . Other types of stresses will be ignored.
4. Method of the research.
The research is conducted by carefully reading and collecting information from
various sources , More over, frequent talks with lecterers, collegues, also ,the
research is carried out on the author ‘s personal experiences.

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NguyenDinhHung - PG 08- A research in to word stress patterns in English
Part II: Development
Chapter1 :
Theoretical Background
1. Denifition:
+, “The degree of force which a speaker pronounces a sound or a syllable is called
its stress.” ( Danied Jones , 1909:141)
+, “Stress is the pronouciation of aword or syllables. A stressed word or syllable
is produced by using more air from the lungs.” ( Richard, J.C. et all 1992:355)
+, “Stress is concerned with the perception of realtive PROMINENCE . We speak
of “stress” when we are considering the prominence with which one part of the
word or of a longer utterance is distinguished from other parts. ” ( Randolph
Quirk Sidney Green baum.)
2. Stress within the word .
This is a binary opposition –stress verse no stress – though it is often relevant
to distinguish an intermediate or secondary stress . We mark stress with a high
vertical stroke before the syllable carrying the stress.
3. The nature of word stress.
The stress syllable has 4 following characteristics ( prominnece):
+ Loudness: The stressed syllable is pronounced louder than other syllable(s).
+ length : The stressed syllable is pronounced longer than non-stressed

syllable(s).
+ Picth : The stressed syllable is produced with higher picth.
+ Quality : The stressed syllable is different about the quality from other.
Eg: canal/ kə'næl/
Disagree/ [,disə'gri:]
4. Knowledge to place the stress.
When we want to identify the placement of stress word , we should have a careful
look at :
-Word forms : single words, derived words or compound words …
-The parts of speech of the words : Nouns, verds , adjectives………
-The numbers of syllables.
-The phonology structure of the syllables in the words.
Note: The stress word happens with the words withn more –than- two- syllable-
words .
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NguyenDinhHung - PG 08- A research in to word stress patterns in English
Chapter II :
The rules of placement of stress within the simle words.
1. Two-syllable words.
For two- syllable words, stress can be put either the first or the second syllable,
not both.
1.1 With verbs ,adjectives,adverbs and prepositions.
- The stress is placed on the second syllable in the following cases:
The 2
nd
syllable contains long vowel or diphthong ( except / ou/ ) or ends with more
than one consonant (Nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa nguyên âm dài hay nguyên âm đôi
(trừ / ou/ hoặc tận cùng bằng hơn một phụ âm thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai)
Eg : apply ['plai](V)
agree ['gri:] (V)

attract ['trổkt] (V)
alone ['loun] (adv)
correct[k'rekt] (a)
inside[in'said] (pre)

Ngoại lệ : honest['nist], perfect['p:fikt]
-The stress is placed on the 1
st
syllable for these cases : The 2
nd
syllable of the
word contains short vowel or one consonant or / ou/ ( Nếu âm tiết thứ hai của từ có
chứa nguyên âm ngắn hoặc một phụ âm hoặc / ou/ thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ
nhất).
Eg : lovely ['lvli] (a)
Open ['oupn] (v)
follow ['flou] (v)
sorry ['sri] (a)
rather['r:] (adv)

1.2 With nouns.
- The stress is put on the 1
st
syllable if the word has the 2
nd
syllable containing
with a short vowel (Đối với danh từ có hai âm tiết thì trọng âm sẽ dợc đánh
vào âm tiết thứ nhất nếu danh từ dó có âm tiết thứ hai có chứa nguyên âm
ngắn).
Eg: product ['prdkt] ; ['prdkt]

money ['mni]
-The stress is put on the 2
nd
syllable for other cases ( Trọng âm của danh từ có
hai âm tiết sẽ đợc đánh vào âm tiết thứ hai cho các trờng hợp còn lại).
Eg : balloon[[b'lu:n]
Design[di'zain]
Estate[is'teit]
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