ga10

Hy xt tẫnh huờng sau:
You want to tell somebody else what Tom said.
Tội muờn kổ cho ai ẵ ẵiồu Tom ẵ ni.
C hai cắch ẵổ diỗn t ẵiồu ny:
Bn c thổ lĩp li lủi Tom ni (direct speech trỳc tiọp)
ã Tom said: Im feeling ill.
Tom ẵ ni: "Tội ẵang bè bốnh"
Hoĩc bn c thổ dểng lời từủng thuõt giắn tiọp (reported speech)
ã Tom said that he was feeling ill.
Tom ẵ ni rng anh ịy ẵang bè bốnh.
Hy so sắnh:
Direct: Tom said I am feeling ill.
Reported: Tom said that he was feeling ill .
Trong vìn viọt chềng ta dểng dng ny ẵổ diỗn t lời từủng thuõt trỳc
tiọp (direct speech)
B Khi chềng ta dểng reported speech, ẵợng tữ chẩnh cễa cíu thừủng
ũ quắ khử (Tom said that...')
Tom said that he was feeling ill.
Tom ẵ ni rng anh ịy ẵang bè bốnh.
I told her that I didnt have any money.
Tội ẵ ni vi cộ ịy l tội khộng c tiồn.
Bn cếng c thổ bẽ that:
Tom said (that) he was feeling ill.
I told her (that) I didnt have any money.
Thừủng dng thửc hiốn ti trong cíu trỳc tiọp (direct speech) ẵừục ẵỡi
sang quắ khử trong cíu giắn tiọp (reported speech):
am/is đ was
are đ were
do/does đ did
will đ would
have/has đ had

can đ could
want/like/know/go v.v... đ wanted/ liked/ knew/ went v.v...
So sắnh cắc cíu trỳc tiọp v giắn tiọp sau:
direct speech:
Bn ẵ gĩp Judy. #íy l mợt sờ cíu cộ ịy ẵ ni vi bn trong
cíu trỳc tiọp.
reported speech
Sau ẵ bn kổ cho ai ẵ nhựng gẫ Judy ni. Bn dểng cắch ni
giắn tiọp.
directed speech
My parents are very well.
"Cha mầ tội rịt mnh khẽe."
Im going to learn to drive.
"Tội sặ hẹc lắi xe."
John has given up his job.
"John ẵ bẽ viốc rởi."
I cant come to the party on Friday.
"Tội khộng thổ ẵi dỳ tiốc vo ngy thử sắu."
I want to go away for a holiday but I dont know where to go.
"Tội muờn ẵi nghấ xa nhừng tội khộng biọt ẵi ẵíu c."
Im going away for a few days. Ill phone you when I get back.
"Tội sỉp sứa ẵi xa ẩt ngy. Tội sặ gẹi ẵiốn cho anh khi tội vồ."
reported speech
Judy said that her parents were very well.
Judy ẵ ni l bờ mầ cộ ịy rịt mnh khẽe.
She said that she was going to learn to drive.
Cộ ịy ẵ ni l cộ ịy sỉp hẹc lắi xe.
She said that John had given up his job.
Cộ ịy ẵ ni l John ẵ bẽ viốc rởi.
She said that she couldnt come to the party on Friday.

Cộ ịy ẵ ni l cộ ịy khộng thổ ẵi dỳ tiốc vo thử sắu
She said that she wanted to go away for a holiday but (she) didnt know
where to go.
Cộ ịy ẵ ni l cộ ịy muờn ẵi nghấ xa nhừng cộ ịy ẵ khộng biọt
ẵi ẵíu.
She said that she was going away for a few days and would phone me when
she got back.
Cộ ịy ẵ ni l cộ ịy sỉp sứa ẵi xa ẩt ngy v cộ ịy sặ gẹi ẵiốn
cho tội khi cộ ịy vồ.
C ThÉ qu¾ khö ½ïn past simple (did/saw/knew...) cÍ thæ ½õôc giù
nguyãn trong cÝu gi¾n tiäp reported speech, hoÜc bÂn cÕng cÍ thæ ½ìi
sang past perfect (had done/had seen/had known...)
direct: Tom said: “I’m woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to work.”
Tom ½Á nÍi: "Téi ½Á thöc dây v¿ cÀm thÞy bènh, nãn téi ½Á khéng
½i l¿m."
reported Tom said (that) he woke up feeling ill, so he didn’t go to work.
or
Tom said (that) he had woken up feeling ill, so he hadn’t gone to
work.
Tom ½Á nÍi l¿ anh Þy ½Á thöc dây v¿ cÀm thÞy bènh, nãn anh Þy
½Á khéng ½i l¿m.
Khéng phÀi lÒc n¿o cÕng cßn thiät chuyæn ½ìi ½îng t÷ khi bÂn dÓng
c¾ch nÍi gi¾n tiäp (reported speech). Näu bÂn ½ang kæ lÂi mît sú vièc
v¿ nÍ ván cÎn ½Òng v¿o lÒc nÍi thÉ bÂn khéng cßn phÀi thay ½ìi ½îng t÷
direct: Tom said: “New York is more lively than London.”
Tom ½Á nÍi :" New York thÉ sêng ½îng hïn l¿ London."
reported Tom said that New York is more lively than London.
(New York is still more lively. The situation hasn't changed)
Tom ½Á nÍi l¿ New York thÉ sêng ½îng hïn l¿ London.
(New York bÝy giñ cÎn sêng ½îng hïn. TÉnh huêng ½Á khéng thay

½ìi)
direct:Ann said: “I want to go to New York next year.”
Ann ½Á nÍi: " Téi muên ½i ½än New York v¿o n×m tði."
reported Ann said that she wants to go to New York next year.
(Ann still wants to go to New York next year)
Ann ½Á nÍi l¿ cé Þy muên ½i ½än New York v¿o n×m tði.
(BÝy giñ Ann ván cÎn muên ½i New York v¿o n×m tði)
C¾c cÝu trãn ván cÎn ½Òng khi bÂn ½ìi ½îng t÷ sang qu¾ khö:
Tom said that New York was more lively than London.
Ann said that she wanted to go to New York next year.
Nhõng bÂn phÀi dÓng thæ qu¾ khö khi cÍ sú kh¾c nhau giùa nhùng gÉ
½Á ½õôc nÍi v¿ nhùng gÉ thúc sú ½Òng ò thúc tä. KhÀo s¾t vÈ dÖ sau:
· You met Sonia a few days ago.
Bn ẵ gĩp Sonia vi ngy trừc ẵ
ã She said: Jim is ill. (direct speech)
Cộ ịy ni: "Jim bè bốnh "(trỳc tiọp)
Later that day you see Jim. He is looking well and carrying a tennis racket
Sau hộm ẵ ẩt líu bn gĩp Jim. Anh ịy trộng khẽe mnh v ẵang mang
theo mợt cắi vụt tennis.
You say:
ã I didnt expect to see you, Jim. Sonia said you were ill.
Tội khộng nghậ l tội gĩp anh, Jim . Sonia ẵ ni l anh ẵ bè
bốnh.
(khộng ni Sonia said you are ill, bũi vẫ ré rng l anh ịy bíy giủ
ẵang mnh khẽe.)
B Say v tell
Nọu bn ẵồ cõp ẵọn ngừủi m bn ẵang ni chuyốn, hy dểng tell:
Sonia told me that you were ill. (not 'Sonia said me')
Sonia ẵ ni vi tội l anh bè bốnh.
What did you tell the police? (not 'say the police')

Bn ẵ ni gẫ vi cnh sắt?
Nhựng trừủng hụp khắc dểng say:
Sonia said that you were ill (not 'Sonia told that...')
Sonia ẵ ni l anh ẵ bè bốnh.
What did you say?
Bn ẵ ni gẫ võy?
Nhừng bn c thổ ni say something to somebody (ni ẵiồu gẫ ẵ vi ai
ẵ, dểng say):
Ann said goodbye to me and left. (not 'Ann said me goodbye')
Ann ẵ cho tm biốt vi tội v ra ẵi.
What did you say to the police?
Bn ẵ ni gẫ vi cnh sắt?
C Tell/ask somebody to do something.
Chềng ta cếng dểng thổ nguyón mỏu infinitive (to do/to stay etc) trong
cíu từủng thuõt giắn tiọp reported speech, ẵĩc biốt vi tell v ask, ẵời vi
cíu ra lốnh (orders) hay yóu còu (requests):
ã direct Stay in bed for a few days, the doctor said to me.
Bắc sậ ẵ bo tội: "Hy nm nghấ vi ngy."
reported The doctor told me to stay in bed for a few days.
Bắc sậ ẵ ni vi tội nm nghấ vi ngy.
ã direct Dont shout, I said to Jim
"#÷ng cÍ la lãn", téi ½Á nÍi vði Jim.
reported I told Jim not to shout.
Téi ½Á bÀo Jim khéng ½õôc la.
· direct “Please don’t tell anybody what happened”, Ann said to me.
Ann ½Á dÜn téi: "Xin anh ½÷ng kæ cho bÞt cö ai vå chuyèn ½Á xÀy
ra."
reported Ann asked me not to tell anybody what (had) happened.
Ann ½Á yãu cßu téi khéng nÍi cho ai vå chuyèn ½Á xÀy ra.
BÂn cÕng cÍ thæ dÓng “...said to do something”:

The doctor said to stay in bed for a few days. (nhõng khéng nÍi 'The doctor
said me...')
B¾c sË ½Á bÀo téi nÙm nghÊ v¿i ng¿y.