Thiết Kế Và Sử Dụng Bài Tập Tình Huống Để Rèn Luyện Kỹ Năng Phân Tích Tổng Hợp Cho Học Sinh Trong Dạy Học Chương Trình Sinh Trưởng Và Phát Triển Sinh Học 11

iii

0Ө&/Ө&
Trang
/Ӡ,&$0Ĉ2$1 ...................................................................................................... i
/Ӡ,&È0Ѫ1 ........................................................................................................... ii
0Ө&/Ө& ................................................................................................................ iii
'$1+0Ө&%Ҧ1*%,ӆ8 ...................................................................................... v
'$1+0Ө&+Î1+Ҧ1+ ........................................................................................ vi
3+Ҫ10ӢĈҪ8 .................................................................................................. 1
/êGRFKӑQÿӅWjL .............................................................................................. 1
0өFÿtFKQJKLrQFӭX ........................................................................................ 2
1KLӋPYөQJKLrQFӭX ........................................................................................ 2
ĈӕLWѭӧQJYjNKiFKWKӇQJKLrQFӭX .................................................................. 2
3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭX .................................................................................. 3
*LҧWKLӃWNKRDKӑF ............................................................................................. 4
'ӵNLӃQÿyQJJySFӫDÿӅWjL ............................................................................. 4
&ҩXWU~FFӫDOXұQYăQ ........................................................................................ 5
/ѭӧF VӱYҩQÿӅQJKLrQFӭX ............................................................................... 5
3+Ҫ12: 1Ӝ,DUNG 9¬.ӂ748Ҧ1*+,Ç1&Ӭ8 ....................................... 7
&+ѬѪ1*,&Ѫ6Ӣ/é/8Ұ19¬7+Ӵ&7,ӈ1&Ӫ$9,ӊ&6Ӱ'Ө1*%¬,
7Ұ37Î1++8Ӕ1*7521*'Ҥ<+Ӑ&6,1++Ӑ& ....................................... 7
1.1 &ѫVӣOêOXұQ ................................................................................................... 7
1.1.1 7uQKKX͙QJYjWuQKKX͙QJG̩\K͕F ........................................................ 7
1.1.2 3K˱˯QJ SKiSG̩\K͕FE̹QJWuQKKX͙QJ ................................................ 8
1.1.3 .ͿQăQJ ................................................................................................ 10
1.2 &ѫVӣWKӵFWLӉQ ............................................................................................. 19
1.2.1 7K͹FWU̩QJUqQOX\͏QNͿQăQJSKkQWtFK– W͝QJKͫSFKRK͕FVLQKWURQJ
G̩\K͕F6LQKK͕FFͯDJLiRYLrQͧP͡WV͙WU˱ͥQJ7+37ͧ7k\1LQK.
.............................................................................................................. 19
1.2.2 .K̫ QăQJWKL͇WN͇YjV͵GͭQJEjLW̵SWuQKKX͙QJWURQJG̩\K͕FFK˱˯QJ

6LQKWU˱ͧQJYjSKiWWUL͋Q– 6LQKK͕F. ............................................. 24
&+ѬѪ1*  7+,ӂ7 .ӂ 9¬ 6Ӱ 'Ө1* %¬, 7Ұ3 7Î1+ +8Ӕ1* Ĉӆ 5Ê1
/8<ӊ1 .Ӻ 1Ă1* 3+Æ1 7ÍCH – 7Ә1* +Ӧ3 &+2 +Ӑ& 6,1H TRONG
'Ҥ<+Ӑ&&+ѬѪ1*6,1+75ѬӢ1*9¬3+È775,ӆ16,1++Ӑ& .. 25
4X\WUuQKWKLӃWNӃEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJWURQJGҥ\KӑF6LQKKӑFÿӇUqQOX\ӋQNӻ
QăQJSKkQWtFK– WәQJKӧSFKRKӑFVLQK...................................................... 25


iv
4X\WUuQKWKL͇WN͇EjLW̵SWuQKKX͙QJ ..................................................... 26
2.2 3KkQWtFKPөFWLrXYjFҩXWU~FQӝLGXQJFKѭѫQJ6LQKWUѭӣQJYjSKiW WULӇQ 28
0ͭFWLrX ................................................................................................. 28
3KkQWtFKF̭XWU~FQ͡LGXQJ .................................................................. 30
 7KLӃW NӃ EjL WұS WuQK KXӕQJ ÿӇ UqQ OX\ӋQ Nӻ QăQJ SKkQ WtFK – WәQJ KӧS FKR
KӑFVLQK ........................................................................................................ 32
2.3.1 %jLW̵SWuQKKX͙QJUqQNͿQăQJSKkQWtFK– W͝QJKͫSWURQJWURQJNKkX
G̩\EjLPͣL .......................................................................................... 32
2.3.2 %jL W̵S WuQK KX͙QJ UqQ NͿ QăQJ SKkQ WtFK – W͝QJ KͫS WURQJ NKkX
FͯQJF͙.................................................................................................. 42
 6ӱ GөQJ EjL WұS WuQK KXӕQJ ÿӇ UqQ OX\ӋQ Nӻ QăQJ SKkQ WtFK – WәQJ KӧS FKR
KӑFVLQK ........................................................................................................ 48
2.5 Tiêu chí ÿiQKJLiNӻQăQJSKkQWtFK– WәQJKӧS........................................... 58
&+ѬѪ1*7+Ӵ&1*+,ӊ06Ѭ3+Ҥ0 ........................................................ 61
0өFÿtFKWKӵFQJKLӋP .................................................................................. 61
ĈӕLWѭӧQJ WKӵFQJKLӋP ................................................................................. 61
7KӡLgian WKӵFQJKLӋP .................................................................................. 61
1ӝLdung Gҥ\WKӵFQJKLӋP............................................................................ 61
3.5 3KѭѫQJ SKiSWKӵFQJKLӋP ............................................................................ 61
.ӃWTXҧ WKӵFQJKLӋP..................................................................................... 63

3KkQWtFKÿ͓QKO˱ͫQJ ............................................................................. 63
3KkQWtFKÿ͓QKWtQK ................................................................................ 68
3+Ҫ1.ӂ7/8Ұ19¬.,ӂ11*+ӎ.............................................................. 70
.ӃWOXұQ........................................................................................................... 70
.LӃQQJKӏ......................................................................................................... 70
7¬,/,ӊ87+$0.+Ҧ2 .................................................................................... 72
3+Ө/Ө& ............................................................................................................... 74


v

'$1+0Ө&%Ҧ1*%,ӆ8
Trang
%ҧQJ 7iFÿӝQJVLQKOêFӫDKRRFP{QNtFKWKtFK .............................................15
%ҧQJ 7KӵFWUҥQJVӱGөQJFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSGҥ\KӑFFӫDJLiRYLrQ ................19
%ҧQJ &iFNӻQăQJJLiRYLrQWKѭӡQJUqQOX\ӋQFKRKӑFVLQKWURQJJLҧQJGҥ\ .....20
%ҧQJ &iF SKѭѫQJ SKiS Gҥ\ KӑF WKѭӡQJ ÿѭӧF Vӱ GөQJ ÿӇ UqQ OX\ӋQ Nӻ
QăQJSKkQWtFK– WәQJKӧSFKRKӑFVLQK .................................................21
%ҧQJ éNLӃQFӫDKӑFVLQKYӅJLӡGҥ\FӫDJLiRYLrQ ........................................22
%ҧQJ 7KiL ÿӝ FӫD KӑF VLQK ÿӕL YӟL SKѭѫQJ SKiS Gҥ\ KӑF EҵQJ EjL WұS
WuQKKXӕQJ ...............................................................................................23
%ҧQJ 7LrXFKtÿiQKJLiYLӋFUqQOX\ӋQNƭQăQJSKkQWtFK– WәQJKӧS..............59
%ҧQJ ĈiQK JLi YLӋF UqQ OX\ӋQ Nƭ QăQJ SKkQ WtFK – WәQJ KӧS WKHR WӯQJ
tiêu chí ....................................................................................................59
%ҧQJ %ҧQJWәQJKӧSPӭFÿӝÿҥWÿѭӧFFӫDWLrXFKt ......................................63
%ҧQJ %ҧQJWәQJKӧSPӭFÿӝÿҥWÿѭӧFFӫDWLrXFKt ......................................64
%ҧQJ %ҧQJWәQJKӧSPӭFÿӝÿҥWÿѭӧFFӫDWLrXFKt ......................................65
%ҧQJ %ҧQJWәQJKӧSPӭFÿӝÿҥWÿѭӧFFӫDWLrXFKt 4 ......................................66
%ҧQJ %ҧQJWәQJKӧSNӃWTXҧÿҥWÿѭӧFFӫDNӻQăQJSKkQWtFK– WәQJKӧS ......67

vi

'$1+0Ө&+Î1+Ҧ1+
Trang
Hình 2.1 6ӵVLQKWUѭӣQJVѫFҩSFӫDWKkQ............................................................. 32
Hình 2.2 6LQKWUѭӣQJVѫFҩSYjWKӭFҩSFӫDFk\WKkQJӛ ..................................... 33
Hình 2.3 0һWFҳWQJDQJWKkQJӛ............................................................................ 34
Hình 2.4 7KtQJKLӋPYӅVӵVLQKWUѭӣQJFӫDTXҧGkXWk\...................................... 35
Hình 2.5 ҦQKKѭӣQJFӫD*$ÿӃQVLQKWUѭӣQJFӫDWKkQFk\QJ{OQ ................... 36
Hình 2.6 ҦQKKѭӣQJFӫDNLQrWLQÿӃQVӵKuQKWKjQKFKӗLӣP{FDOOXV ................. 36
Hình 2.7 6ӵVLQKWUѭӣQJYjSKiWWULӇQFӫDFk\FjFKXD ........................................ 38
Hình 2.8 6ѫÿӗSKiWWULӇQTXDELӃQWKiLKRjQWRjQӣEѭӟP.................................. 39
Hình 2.9 6ѫÿӗSKiWWULӇQTXDELӃQWKiLNK{QJKRjQWRjQӣFKkXFKҩX ................ 39
Hình 2.10 +ұXTXҧWiFÿӝQJFӫDKRRFP{QVLQKWUѭӣQJ ......................................... 40
Hình 2.11 6ѫÿӗҧQKKѭӣQJFӫDKRRFP{QÿӃQELӃQWKiLӣEѭӟP .......................... 41
Hình 6ѫÿӗSKiWWULӇQFӫDӃFK ........................................................................ 46


1

3+Ҫ10ӢĈҪ8
/êGRFKӑQÿӅWjL
7UѭӟF ÿk\ YӟL TXDQ ÿLӇP Gҥ\ KӑF Oj KRҥW ÿӝQJ ³Oҩ\ WKҫ\ OjP WUXQJ WkP´
QJKƭDOj Gҥ\KӑFOjTXiWUuQKWUX\ӅQÿҥWNLӃQWKӭFFӫDWKҫ\FKRWUzKӑFVLQKWLӃSWKX
NLӃQ WKӭF PӝW FiFK WKө ÿӝQJ WK{QJ TXD KRҥW ÿӝQJ Gҥ\ FӫD WKҫ\ 7K{QJ TXD KRҥW
ÿӝQJGҥ\KӑF, WKҫ\PRQJPXӕQKӑFVLQKKLӇXNLӃQWKӭFPjPuQKGҥ\YjFyWKӇӭQJ
GөQJÿѭӧFNLӃQWKӭFÿy
Ngày nay, vӟLTXDQQLӋPGҥ\KӑFKLӋQÿҥLKRҥWÿӝQJGҥ\KӑFNK{QJFzQOj
KRҥW ÿӝQJ WUX\ӅQ ÿҥW NLӃQ WKӭF WKHR OӕL PӝW FKLӅX Pj Oj PӝW KRҥW ÿӝQJ ÿD FKLӅX

KRҥWÿӝQJ³Oҩ\QJѭӡLKӑFOjPWUXQJWkP´7URQJKRҥWÿӝQJGҥ\KӑFQj\WKҫ\ÿyQJ
YDLWUzOjQJѭӡLOrQNӃKRҥFKWәFKӭFÿӇKӑFVLQKNKiPSKiOƭQKKӝLNLӃQWKӭFPӟL
và KӑFVLQKSKҧLFKӏXWUiFKQKLӋPYӅYLӋFKӑFFӫDPuQK'ѭӟLVӵKѭӟQJGүQÿӝQJ
YLrQFӫDWKҫ\KӑFVLQKNK{QJFKӍOƭQKKӝLKLӇXVkXQKӟOkXYjYұQGөQJÿѭӧFNLӃQ
WKӭFPjWK{QJTXDÿyKӑFVLQKFzQKӑFÿѭӧFFiFKKӑFFiFKWLӃSFұQYjJLҧLTX\ӃW
YҩQÿӅ .K{QJFKӍYұ\FiFHPFzQFyWKӇWӵÿiQKJLiWӵÿLӅXFKӍQKKRҥWÿӝQJKӑF
WӯÿyFiFHPWӵWҥRÿѭӧFVӵVD\PrKӭQJWK~KӑFWұSYjWӵFyêWKӭFWURQJYLӋFKӑF
FӫDEҧQWKkQ
1JKӏTX\ӃWTrung ѭѫQJNKRi9,,ÿm[iFÿӏQKSKҧLNKX\ӃQNKtFKWLQKWKҫQ
Wӵ KӑF FӫD KӑF VLQK, ÿӗQJ WKӡL JLiR YLrQ ³3KҧL iS GөQJ QKӳQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS JLiR
GөFKLӋQÿҥLÿӇEӗLGѭӥQJFKRKӑFVLQKQăQJOӵFWѭGX\ViQJWҥRQăQJOӵFWӵJLҧL
TX\ӃWYҩQÿӅ´1JKӏTX\ӃW7UXQJѭѫQJNKRi9,,,WLӃSWөF NKҷQJÿӏQK³3KҧLÿәL
PӟLSKѭѫQJSKiSJLiRGөFÿjRWҥRNKҳFSKөFOӕLWUX\ӅQWKөPӝWFKLӅX UqQOX\ӋQ
WKjQKQӃSWѭGX\ViQJWҥRFӫDQJѭӡLKӑF7ӯQJEѭӟFiSGөQJFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSWLrQ
WLӃQYjSKѭѫQJWLӋQKLӋQÿҥLYjRTXiWUuQKGҥ\KӑFEҧRÿҧPÿLӅXNLӋQYjWKӡLJLDQ
WӵKӑFWӵQJKLrQFӭXFKRKӑFVLQKQKҩWOjVLQKYLrQÿҥLKӑF´
ĈLӅX/XұW*LiRGөFQăPTXLÿӏQK³3KѭѫQJSKiSJLiRGөFSKәWK{QJ
SKҧLSKiWKX\WtQKWtFKFӵFWӵJLiFFKӫÿӝQJViQJWҥRFӫDKӑFVLQKSKKӧSYӟL
ÿһFÿLӇPFӫDWӯQJOӟSKӑFP{QKӑFEӗLGѭӥQJSKѭѫQJSKiSWӵKӑFNKҧQăQJOjP
YLӋFWKHRQKyPUqQOX\ӋQNƭQăQJYұQGөQJNLӃQWKӭFYjRWKӵFWLӉQWiFÿӝQJÿӃQ
WuQKFҧPÿHPOҥLQLӅPYXLKӭQJWK~KӑFWұSFKRKӑFVLQK´


2
1KѭYұ\Gҥ\KӑF³Oҩ\KӑFVLQKOjPWUXQJWkP´QKҵPSKiWKX\WtQKWtFKFӵF
FKӫÿӝQJViQJWҥRFӫDKӑFVLQKKuQKWKjQKFKRKӑFVLQKKӋWKӕQJNӻQăQJNӻ[ҧo
OjPӝWTXDQÿLӇPGҥ\KӑFSKKӧSYӟL[XWKӃKLӋQQD\SKKӧSYӟLTXDQÿLӇPÿәL
PӟLJLiRGөFFӫDĈҧQJYj1KjQѭӟF
&yQKLӅXSKѭѫQJSKiSYjKuQKWKӭFWәFKӭFGҥ\KӑFNKiFQKDXÿmYұQGөQJ
TXDQ ÿLӇP Gҥ\ KӑF Qj\ ĈӇ JyS SKҫQ QkQJ FDR FKҩW OѭӧQJ Gҥ\ KӑF Sinh KӑF ӣ

WUѭӡQJWUXQJKӑFSKәWK{QJQKҵPÿiSӭQJÿѭӧFYӟLTXDQÿLӇPGҥ\ KӑF³Oҩ\KӑF
VLQKOjPWUXQJWkP´FK~QJW{LFKӑQÿӅWjLQJKLrQFӭX³7KL͇WN͇YjV͵ GͭQJ EjLW̵S
WuQKKX͙QJÿ͋UqQOX\͏QNͿQăQJSKkQSKkQWtFK– W͝QJKͫSFKRK͕FVLQKWURQJ
G̩\K͕FFK˱˯QJ6LQKWU˱ͧQJYjSKiWWUL͋Q– 6LQKK͕F”
0өFÿtFKQJKLrQFӭX
7KLӃWNӃÿѭӧFcác EjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJ YjVӱGөQJFK~QJÿӇUqQOX\ӋQNӻQăQJ
phân tích – WәQJKӧSFKRKӑFVLQKWURQJGҥ\KӑFFKѭѫQJ6LQKWUѭӣQJYjSKiWWULӇQ–
Sinh KӑF
1KLӋPYөQJKLrQFӭX
- 1JKLrQFӭXFѫVӣOêOXұQYӅWKLӃWNӃYjVӱGөQJEjLWұSWìQKKXӕQJWURQJ
Gҥ\KӑF6LQKKӑF
- 1JKLrQFӭXWKӵFWUҥQJFӫDYLӋFUqQOX\ӋQNӻQăQJSKkQWtFK– WәQJKӧSFKR
KӑFVLQKWURQJGҥ\KӑF6LQKKӑFOӟSFӫDJLiRYLrQӣPӝWVӕWUѭӡQJ7+37ӣ7k\
Ninh.
- Phân tích mөFWLrXFҩXWU~FQӝLGXQJFKѭѫQJ6LQKWUѭӣQJYjSKiWWULӇQ–
6LQKKӑFÿӇOjPFѫ VӣFKRYLӋFWKLӃWNӃFiFEjLWұS WuQKKXӕQJUqQOX\ӋQNӻ QăQJ
phân tích – WәQJKӧSFKRKӑFVLQK
- 6ӱGөQJFiFEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJÿmWKLӃWNӃÿӇUqQOX\ӋQ Nӻphân tích – WәQJ
KӧSFKRKӑFVLQKWURQJGҥ\KӑF
- 7KӵFQJKLӋPVѭSKҥPÿӇNLӇPWUDÿiQKJLiWtQKNKҧWKLFӫDÿӅWjL
4ĈӕLWѭӧQJYjNKiFKWKӇQJKLrQFӭX
Ĉ͙LW˱ͫQJQJKLrQFͱX
Bài WұSWuQKKXӕQJUqQOX\ӋQNӻQăQJSKkQWtFK– WәQJKӧSWURQJGҥ\FKѭѫQg
6LQKWUѭӣQJYjSKiWWULӇQ– 6LQKKӑF


3
.KiFKWK͋QJKLrQFͱX
+ӑFVLQKOӟSPӝWVӕWUѭӡQJ7+37trong WӍQKTây Ninh.
5. 3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭX

5.1. 3K˱˯QJSKiSQJKLrQFͱXOêWKX\͇W
- 1JKLrQ FӭX FiF WjL OLӋX YӅ FKӫ WUѭѫQJ ÿѭӡQJ OӕL FӫD ĈҧQJ Yj FKtQK sách
SKiSOXұWFӫD1KjQѭӟFYӅF{QJWiFJLiRGөFWURQJYLӋFQkQJFDRFKҩWOѭӧQJGҥy và
KӑFӣWUѭӡQJ7+37
- 1JKLrQFӭXFiFWjLOLӋXYӅcác NӻQăQJQKұQWKӭFFӫDKӑFVLQK
- 1JKLrQFӭXFiFWjLOLӋXYӅOêOXұQGҥ\KӑF, ÿһFELӋWOjWjLOLӋXYӅ[k\GӵQJ
YjVӱGөQJEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJWURQJGҥ\KӑFÿӇUqQOX\ӋQNӻQăQJphân tích – WәQJ
KӧS
- 1JKLrQFӭXFiFF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQFӭXOLrQTXDQÿӃQÿӅWjLÿѭӧFÿăQJWUrQ
WҥSFKt*LiRGөF
- 3KkQWtFKFҩXWU~FFKѭѫQJ6LQKWUѭӣQJYjSKiWWULӇQ– Sinh KӑFQJKLrQ
FӭXQӝLGXQJViFKJLiRNKRD ÿӇ[iFÿӏQKNLӃQWKӭFFyWKӇWKLӃWNӃFiFEjLWұSWuQK
KXӕQJYjVӱGөQJFK~QJÿӇUqQOX\ӋQNӻQăQJSKkQWtFK– WәQJKӧSFKRKӑFVLQK
53K˱˯QJSKiSFKX\rQJLD
/LrQKӋJһSJӥYӟLFiFWKҫ\F{
YӅOƭQKYӵFPuQKÿDQJQJKLrQFӭXÿӇWrao
ÿәLQJKHVӵWѭYҩQÿӏQKKѭӟQJFKRYLӋFQJKLrQFӭXÿӅWjL.
5.3. 3K˱˯QJSKiSÿL͉XWUDF˯E̫Q
- ĈLӅXWUDYӅWKӵFWUҥQJVӱGөQJFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSGҥ\KӑFFӫDJLiRYLrQYj
YLӋF UqQ OX\ӋQ Nӻ QăQJ phân tích – WәQJ KӧS cho KӑF VLQK trong Gҥ\ KӑF FKѭѫQJ
Sinh trѭӣQJYjSKiWWULӇQ– 6LQKKӑF
- ĈӕLYӟLgiáo viên'QJSKLӃXÿLӅXWUDÿӇOҩ\VӕOLӋXYӅFiFSKѭѫQJSKiS
Gҥ\KӑFYjFiFJLҧLSKiSPjJLiRYLrQWKѭӡQJVӱGөQJÿӇUqQOX\ӋQNƭQăQJphân
tích – WәQJKӧSFKRKӑFVLQK
- ĈӕLYӟLKӑFVLQK'QJSKLӃXÿLӅXWUDÿӇOҩ\VӕOLӋXYӅWKiLÿӝFӫDKӑFVLQK
ÿӕLYӟLFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSGҥ\KӑFFӫDJLiRYLrQ.


4
5.43K˱˯QJSKiSWK͹FQJKL͏PV˱SK̩P

5.40ͭFÿtFKWK͹FQJKL͏P
1KҵPNLӇPWUDWtQKKLӋXTXҧFӫDYLӋFVӱGөQJEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJWURQJGҥ\
KӑF6LQKKӑFFKѭѫQJ,,,– SinKWUѭӣQJYjSKiWWULӇQ6LQKKӑF
ÿӇUqQOX\ӋQNӻ
QăQJSKkQWtFKWәQJKӧSFKRKӑFVLQK
5.4.2 Ĉ͙LW˱ͫQJWK͹FQJKL͏P
- +ӑF VLQK OӟS  QăP KӑF  –  WKXӝF 2 WUѭӡQJ 7+37 ӣ WӍQK 7k\
Ninh:
+ 7UѭӡQJ7+377kQĈ{QJ– Tân Châu – Tây Ninh.
7UѭӡQJ7+37/ѭѫQJ7KӃ9LQK– Tân Biên – Tây Ninh.
Ĉk\OjWUѭӡQJ THPT FyFKҩWOѭӧQJÿҫXYjRFӫDKӑFVLQK, TX\P{WUѭӡQJ
OӟSYjFѫVӣYұWFKҩWSKөFYөJLҧQJGҥ\WѭѫQJÿѭѫQJQKDX
- 0ӛLWUѭӡQJFKӑQOӟSFác OӟSÿѭӧFFKӑQGҥ\WKӵFQJKLӋPFy FKҩWOѭӧQJ
WѭѫQJÿѭѫQJQKDX
5.47͝FKͱFWK͹FQJKL͏P
- /ӟS WKӵF QJKLӋP ÿѭӧF ÿiQK JLi WKHR WLrX FKt VDX PӛL EjL Gҥ\ NK{QJ Vӱ
GөQJOӟSÿӕLFKӭQJ
- 6DX PӛL WLӃW Gҥ\ WKӵF QJKLӋP WLӃQ KjQK NLӇP tra 15 phút ÿӇ ÿiQK JLi Nӻ
QăQJSKkQWtFK– WәQJKӧSFӫDKӑFVLQK
5.53K˱˯QJSKiSWK͙QJNr WRiQK͕F
6ӱ GөQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS WKӕQJ Nr WRiQ KӑF ÿӇ [ӱ Ot NӃW TXҧ WKӵF QJKLӋP Vѭ
SKҥPQKҵPNLӇPFKӭQJJLҧWKX\ӃWNKRDKӑFYj[iFÿӏQKWtQKNKҧWKLFӫDÿӅWjL
6. *LҧWKX\ӃWNKRDKӑF
1ӃXWKLӃWNӃ các EjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJSKKӧSYӟLPөFWLrXQӝLGXQJGҥ\KӑF
YjVӱGөQJFiFEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJKӧSOêVӁUqQOX\ӋQÿѭӧFNӻ QăQJphân tích – WәQJ
KӧSFKRKӑFVLQKYjJySSKҫQQkQJFDRFKҩWOѭӧQJGҥ\KӑFEӝP{Q
7. 'ӵNLӃQÿyQJJySFӫDÿӅWjL
- 7KLӃWNӃFiFEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJWURQJGҥ\ KӑFFKѭѫQJ6LQKWUѭӣQJYjSKiW
WULӇQ– 6LQKKӑFÿӇUqQOX\ӋQNӻSKkQWtFK– WәQJKӧSFKRKӑFVLQK

5
- 9ұQGөQJFiFEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJÿmWKLӃWNӃÿӇUqQOX\ӋQNӻQăQJSKkQWtFK–
WәQJKӧSFKRKӑFVLQKWURQJGҥ\ KӑFFKѭѫQJ6LQKWUѭӣQJYjSKiWWULӇQ– 6LQKKӑF
11.
8. &ҩXWU~FFӫD OXұQYăQ
1JRjLSKҫQPӣÿҫXYjNӃWOXұQOXұQYăQFyFKѭѫQJ
&K˱˯QJ 1. &ѫ Vӣ Oê OXұQ Yj WKӵF WLӉQ FӫD YLӋF Vӱ GөQJ EjL WұS WuQK KXӕQJ
WURQJGҥ\KӑFSinh KӑF
&K˱˯QJ 7KLӃWNӃYjVӱGөQJEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJÿӇUqQOX\ӋQNӻQăQJSKkQ
tích – WәQJKӧSFKRKӑFVLQKWURQJGҥ\KӑFFKѭѫQJ6LQKWUѭӣQJYjSKiWWULӇQ– Sinh
KӑF
&K˱˯QJ7KӵFQJKLӋPVѭSKҥP
7jLOLӋXWKDPNKҧRSKөOөF
/ѭӧF VӱYҩQÿӅQJKLrQFӭX
6ӱGөQJWuQKKXӕQJWURQJTXiWUuQKGҥ\KӑFQKҵPSKiWKX\WtQKWtFKFӵFFKӫ
ÿӝQJ ViQJ WҥR FӫD QJѭӡL KӑF ÿm ÿѭӧF QKLӅX WiF JLҧ WUrQ WKӃ JLӟL FNJQJ QKѭ WURQJ
QѭӟFQJKLrQFӭX.
7ӯ QăP  WUѭӡQJ ĈҥL +ӑF NLQK GRDQK +DUYDUG QJѭӡL NKӣL [ѭӟQJ Oj
&KULVWRSKHU &ROXPEDV /DQJGHOO
 ÿm iS GөQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS QJKLrQ FӭX WuQK KXӕQJ
YjRGҥ\KӑFĈӃQQăPFXӕQViFKÿҫXWLrQ YӅSKѭѫQJSKiSWuQKKXӕQJUDÿӡL
WiFJLҧOj&RSHODQG
[8].
Ӣ%D/DQQăPQKjJLiRGөFKӑFQәLWLӃQJ9ÐN{QÿmKRjQWKjQKPӝW
F{QJ WUuQK Fy JLi WUӏ ÿy Oj FXӕQ ³1KӳQJ Fѫ Vӣ FӫD Gҥ\ KӑF QrX YҩQ ÿӅ´ 9ÐN{Q
 1KӳQJ Fѫ Vӣ FӫD Gҥ\ KӑF QrX YҩQ ÿӅ 1;% *LiR GөF 3KҥP +RjQJ *LD
GӏFK

7X\QKLrQ9ÐN{QÿmQJKLrQFӭXYjÿmNKҷQJÿӏQKYDLWUzFӫDGҥ\KӑFQrX

YҩQÿӅÿӕLYӟLVӵSKiWWULӇQWUtWXӋFӫDQJѭӡLKӑFEѭӟFÿҫXQJKLrQFӭXQKӳQJÿLӅX
NLӋQ[XҩWKLӋQWuQKKXӕQJ[8].
Ӣ 9LӋW 1DP ÿm Fy QKLӅX WiF JLҧ QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ SKѭѫQJ SKiS Vӱ GөQJ WuQK
KXӕQJÿӇSKiWKX\WtQKWtFKFӵFFӫDQJѭӡLKӑFQKѭ:
3KDQ ĈӭF 'X\ YӟL OXұQ iQ ³6ӱ GөQJ EjL WұS WuQK KXӕQJ Vѭ SKҥP ÿӇ UqQ
OX\ӋQFKRVLQKYLrQNƭQăQJGҥ\KӑFVLQKKӑF´ - /XұQiQWLӃQVƭĈҥLKӑFVѭSKҥP
+j1ӝL. /XұQiQ ÿmFyQKӳQJÿyQJJySWROӟQQKѭ[ây dӵQJPӝWKӋWKӕQJOê


6
OXұQYӅEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJGҥ\KӑFWURQJÿjRWҥRJLiRYLrQVLQKKӑFӣFiFWUѭӡQJVѭ
SKҥP TX\ WUuQK Vӱ GөQJ EjL WұS WuQK KXӕQJ ÿӇ ÿәL PӟL ÿjR WҥR QJKLӋS Yө WURQJ
JLҧQJGҥ\SKѭѫQJSKiSGҥ\KӑFEӝP{n.
+RjQJ7Kӏ7KX+X\ӅQYӟLÿӅWjL³6ӱGөQJEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJÿӇUqQOX\ӋQ
FKRKӑFVLQKNӻQăQJSKkQWtFK– WәQJKӧSWURQJGҥ\KӑFSKҫQ'LWUX\ӅQKӑF6LQK
KӑF7+37” - LXұQYăQWKҥFVƭJLiRGөFKӑFWUѭӡQJĈ+9LQKĈӅWjLYӟL
QKӳQJÿyQJJySQKѭThLӃWNӃvà vұQGөQJFiFEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJÿmWKLӃWNӃÿӇUqQ
OX\ӋQNӻQăQJSKkQWtFK– WәQJKӧSFKRKӑFVLQKWURQJGҥ\KӑFSKҫQ'LWUX\ӅQKӑF
EұF7+37 [8].
.KѭX7KDQK7X\ӃW/rYӟLÿӅWjL³7KLӃWNӃEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJÿӇUqQOX\ӋQNӻ
QăQJSKkQWtFKWәQJKӧS FKRKӑFVLQKWURQJ Gҥ\KӑFSKҫQ7LӃQKyDEұF7+37” LXұQYăQWKҥFVƭJLiRGөFKӑFWUѭӡQJĈ+9LQK ĈӅWjLYӟLQKӳQJÿyQJJyS
QKѭJySSKҫQKRjQWKLӋQFѫVӣOêOXұQYӅGҥ\KӑFEҵQJWuQKKXӕQJVӱGөQJEjLWұp
WuQKKXӕQJÿӇUqQOX\ӋQFiFNӻQăQJ KӑFWұSÿӅ[XҩWÿѭӧFTX\WUuQKVӱGөQJ EjLWұS
WuQKKXӕQJÿӇUqQOX\ӋQNӻQăQJSKkQWtFKWәQJKӧS Yj YұQGөQJTX\WUuQKÿӇ Wә
FKӭFGҥ\KӑF [9].
1KѭYұ\YLӋFVӱGөQJEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJWURQJGҥ\KӑF6LQKKӑFÿӇSKiWKX\
WtQK WtFK FӵF FKӫ ÿӝQJ ViQJ WҥR cho QJѭӡL KӑF ÿm ÿѭӧF QKLӅX WiF JLҧ TXDQ WkP
QJKLrQ FӭX 7X\ QKLrQ YLӋF YұQ GөQJ EjL WұS WuQK KXӕQJ YjR JLҧQJ Gҥ\ Fө WKӇ ӣ
FKѭѫQJWUuQK6LQKKӑF7+37
ÿӇUqQOX\ӋQFiFNӻQăQJQKұQWKӭFFKRKӑFVLQK

FKѭDÿѭӧFQKLӅXWiFJLҧTXDQWkPQJKLrQFӭX9uYұ\YLӋF QJKLrQFӭXWKLӃWNӃYj
YұQGөQJFiFEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJÿӇUqQOX\ӋQFiFNӻQăQJQKұQWKӭFFKRKӑFVLQKӣ
WUѭӡQJTHPT là UҩWFҫQWKLӃW


7

3+Ҫ12. 1Ӝ,'81*1*+,Ç1&Ӭ8
&+ѬѪ1* &Ѫ6Ӣ/é/8Ұ19¬7+Ӵ&7,ӈ1&Ӫ$9,ӊ&6Ӱ'Ө1*
%¬,7Ұ37Î1++8Ӕ1*7521*'Ҥ<+Ӑ&6,1++Ӑ&
1.1 &ѫVӣOêOXұQ
1.1.1 7uQKKXӕQJYjWuQKKXӕQJGҥ\KӑF
1.1.1.1 7uQKKX͙QJ
7KHR Wӯ ÿLӇQ 7LӃQJ 9LӋW ³7uQK KXӕQJ Oj WRjQ WKӇ QKӳQJ Vӵ YLӋF[ҧ\ UD WҥL
PӝWWKӡLÿLӇPWURQJPӝWWKӡLJLDQFөWKӇEXӝFQJѭӡLWDSKҧLVX\QJKƭKjQKÿӝQJ,
ÿӕLSKyWuPFiFK JLҧL TX\Ӄt”. 7uQKKXӕQJ FNJQJFyWKӇÿѭӧFKLӇXOjVӵ P{WҧKD\
WUuQK Ej\ PӝW WUѭӡQJ KӧS WURQJ WKӵF WӃ QKҵP ÿѭD UD PӝW YҩQ ÿӅ FKѭD ÿѭӧF JLҧL
TX\ӃWTXDÿyÿzLKӓLQJѭӡLÿӑFQJѭӡLQJKH
SKҧLJLҧLTX\ӃWYҩQÿӅÿy ӢJyFÿӝ
WkPOêKӑFWuQKKXӕQJOjKӋWKӕQJFiFVӵNLӋQErQQJRjLFyTXDQKӋYӟLFKӫWKӇFy
WiF GөQJ WK~F ÿҭ\ FKӫ WKӇ ÿy 7URQJ TXDQ KӋ NK{QJ JLDQ WuQK KXӕQJ [ҧ\ UD ErQ
QJRjLQKұQWKӭFFӫDFKӫWKӇ7URQJTXDQKӋWKӡLJLDQWuQKKXӕQJ[ҧ\UDWUѭӟFVR
YӟLKjQKÿӝQJFӫDFKӫWKӇ7URQJTXDQKӋFKӭFQăQJWuQKKXӕQJOjVӵÿӝFOұSFӫD
FiFVӵNLӋQÿӕLYӟLFKӫWKӇӣWKӡLÿLӇPPjQJѭӡLÿyWKӵFKLӋQKjQKÿӝQJ [7].
1.1.1.2 7uQKKX͙QJG̩\K͕F
1KӳQJWuQKKXӕQJWURQJJLҧQJGҥ\OjQKӳQJWuQKKXӕQJPDQJWtQKÿLӇQKuQK
PLrXWҧQKӳQJVӵNLӋQKRjQFҧQKFyWKұWKD\KѭFҩXQKҵPJL~SQJѭӡLKӑFKLӇXYj
YұQGөQJWULWKӭF7uQKKXӕQJÿѭӧFVӱGөQJQKҵPNtFKWKtFKQJѭӡLKӑFSKkQWtFK
EuQK OXұQ ÿiQK JLi VX\ [pW Yj WUuQK Ej\ ê WѭӣQJ FӫD PuQK ÿӇ TXD ÿy WӯQJ EѭӟF
FKLӃP OƭQK WUL WKӭF KD\ YұQ GөQJ QKӳQJ NLӃQ WKӭF ÿm KӑF YjR QKӳQJ WUѭӡQJ KӧS

thӵFWӃ [7].
Tiêu FKXҭQFӫDPӝWWuQKKXӕQJWӕWOj [7]:
- 9ӅPһWQӝLGXQJ
0DQJWtQKJLiRGөF
&KӭDÿӵQJPkXWKXүQYjPDQJWtQKNKLrXNKtFK
7ҥRVӵWKtFKWK~FKRQJѭӡLKӑF
1rXUDÿѭӧFQKӳQJYҩQÿӅTXDQWUӑQJYjSKKӧSYӟLQJѭӡLKӑF«
- 9ӅPһWKuQK WKӭF


8
+ &yFiFKWKӇKLӋQVLQKÿӝQJ
6ӱGөQJWKXұWQJӳQJҳQQJӑQV~FWtFKYjҭQGDQK
ĈѭӧFNӃWFҩXU}UjQJUjQKPҥFKYjGӉKLӇX
&yWUӑQJWkPYjWѭѫQJÿӕLKRjQFKӍQKÿӇNK{QJFҫQSKҧLWuPKLӇX
WKrPTXiQKLӅXWK{QJWLQ«
1.1.1.3 %jLW̵S [2]
%jLWұSOjQKLӋPYөPjQJѭӡLJLҧLFҫQSKҧLWKӵFKLӋQWURQJEjLWұSEDRJӗP
các GӳNLӋQYj\rXFҫXFҫQWuP
%jLWұSQKұQWKӭFOjEjLWұSÿѭӧFJLiRYLrQÿѭDÿӃQFKRKӑFVLQKWKHRPөF
ÿtFKGҥ\KӑFJL~SKӑFVLQKÿӏQKKѭӟQJÿѭӧFYLӋFKӑFYjTXDEjLWұSKӑFVLQKKuQK
WKjQKÿѭӧFNLӃQWKӭFPӟL%jLWұSFKӍWKjQKEjLWұSQKұQWKӭFNKLPkXWKXүQNKiFK
TXDQ WURQJ EjL WұS ÿѭӧF KӑF VLQK ê WKӭF QKѭ PӝW YҩQ ÿӅ Wӯ ÿy KӑF VLQK GӵD YjR
NLӃQWKӭFÿmFyÿӇJLҧLTX\ӃWPkXWKXүQOƭQKKӝLNLӃQWKӭFWӯEjLWұS
1.1.1.4 %jLW̵SWuQKKX͙QJ WURQJG̩\K͕F
%jLWұSWuQKKXӕQJ Gҥ\KӑFOjQKӳQJWuQKKXӕQJ NKiFQKDXÿmÿDQJYjFyWKӇ
[ҧ\UDtrong quá trình Gҥ\KӑFÿѭӧFFҩXWU~F GѭӟLGҥQJEjLWұS.KLKӑFVLQKJLҧL
TX\ӃWÿѭӧFQKӳQJEjLWұSҩ\ YӯDFyWiFGөQJFӫQJFӕNLӃQWKӭFYӯDUqQOX\ӋQÿѭӧF
QKӳQJNӻQăQJFҫQWKLӃW [2].
&kXKӓLEjLWұSEjLWRiQQjRJk\UDÿѭӧFPkXWKXүQFKӫTXDQJLӳDFiLÿm

ELӃWYjFKѭDELӃWWKuÿѭDQJѭӡLKӑFÿӃQWUҥQJWKiLFyYҩQÿӅWӯÿyQҧ\VLQKFiFFkX
KӓLOjJuFiLJu"
FyWtQKFKҩWJu"QKѭWKӃQjR"WҥLVDR"YuVDR"
WӯÿyQҧ\VLQK
TXiWUuQKYұQÿӝQJWӯFKѭDELӃWÿӃQELӃWFKѭDÿҫ\ÿӫYjELӃWÿҫ\ÿӫELӃWWKҩXFҧP
YjFyNKҧQăQJVX\OXұQViQJWҥR [10].
7URQJGҥ\ KӑF 6LQKKӑFQKҵPUqQOX\ӋQNӻ QăQJSKkQWtFK– WәQJKӧSFKR
KӑFVLQKEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJNK{QJFKӍJL~SKӑFVLQKOƭQKKӝLNLӃQWKӭFPӟLFӫQJ
FӕNKҳFVkXNLӃQWKӭFPjEjLWұSWuQKKXӕQJFzQOjPӝWSKѭѫQJWLӋQJL~SUqQOX\ӋQ
NӻQăQJFKRKӑFVLQK
1.1.2 3KѭѫQJSKiSGҥ\KӑFEҵQJWuQKKXӕQJ
1.1.2.1 .KiLQL͏PSK˱˯QJSKiSG̩\K͕FE̹QJWuQKKX͙QJ [2]


9
'ҥ\KӑFEҵQJWuQKKXӕQJOjPӝWSKѭѫQJSKiSPjJLiRYLrQWәFKӭFFKRKӑF
sinh [HP[pWSKkQWtFKQJKLrQFӭXWKҧROXұQÿӇWuPUDFiFSKѭѫQJiQJLҧLTX\ӃW
FKRFiFWuQKKXӕQJTXDÿyPjÿҥWÿѭӧF FiFPөFWLrXEjLKӑFÿһWUD
1.1.2.2 Ĉ̿FÿL͋PFͯDG̩\K͕FE̹QJWuQKKX͙QJ [2]
- 'ӵDYjRFiFWuQKKXӕQJÿӇ WKӵFKLӋQFKѭѫQJWUuQKKӑFKӑFVLQK QҳPFiF
WUL WKӭF Nӻ QăQJ
 QKӳQJ WuQK KXӕQJ NK{QJ QKҵP NLӇP WUD Nӻ QăQJ Pj JL~S SKiW
WULӇQFKtQKEҧQWKkQNӻ QăQJ
- 1KӳQJWuQKKXӕQJFyFҩXWU~FWKӵFVӵSKӭFWҥSQyNK{QJSKҧLFKӍFyPӝW
JLҧLSKiSFKRWuQKKXӕQJWuQKKXӕQJFKӭDFiFELӃQVѭSKҥP
.
- %ҧQWKkQWuQKKXӕQJPDQJWtQKFKҩWJӧLYҩQÿӅNK{QJSKҧLKӑFVLQK làm
theo ý thích FӫDWKҫ\JLiRKӑFVLQK OjQJѭӡLJLҧLTX\ӃWYҩQÿӅWKHRSKѭѫQJWKӭF
WKtFK QJKL ÿLӅX WLӃW YӟL P{L WUѭӡQJ Fy KD\ NK{QJ Vӵ Kӛ WUӧ FӫD WKҫ\ giáo tùy
WKXӝFYjRWuQKKXӕQJ

- +ӑFVLQK FKӍÿѭӧFKѭӟQJGүQFiFKWLӃSFұQYӟLWuQKKXӕQJFKӭNK{QJFy
F{QJWKӭFQjRJL~SKӑFVLQK WLӃSFұQYӟLWuQKKXӕQJ
- 9LӋFÿiQKJLiGӵDWUrQKjQKÿӝQJYjWKӵFWLӉQ
1.1.2.3 ˰X– NKX\͇WÿL͋PFͯDG̩\K͕FE̹QJWuQKKX͙QJ [2]
- ˰XÿL͋P:
Ĉk\OjSKѭѫQJSKiSFyWKӇNtFKWKtFKӣPӭFFDRQKҩWVӵWKDPJLDWtFKFӵF
FӫDKӑFVLQKYjRTXiWUuQKKӑFWұSSKiWWULӇQFiFNӻQăQJKӑFWұSJLҧLTX\ӃWYҩQ
ÿӅNӻQăQJÿiQKJLiGӵÿRiQNӃWTXҧNӻQăQJJLDRWLӃSQKѭQJKHQyLWUuQKEj\
FӫD KӑF VLQK WăQJ FѭӡQJ NKҧ QăQJ VX\ QJKƭ ÿӝF OұS WtQK ViQJ WҥR WLӃS FұQ WuQK
KXӕQJ GѭӟL QKLӅX JyF ÿӝ FKR SKpS SKiW KLӋQ UD QKӳQJ JLҧL SKiS FKR QKӳQJ WuQK
KXӕQJSKӭFWҥSFKӫÿӝQJÿLӅXFKӍQKÿѭӧFFiFQKұQWKӭFKjQKYLNӻQăQJFӫDKӑF
VLQK3KѭѫQJSKiSQj\FyWKӃPҥQKWURQJÿjRWҥRQKұQWKӭFEұFFDR
- 1K˱ͫFÿL͋P:
ĈӇWKLӃWNӃÿѭӧFWuQKKXӕQJSKKӧSQӝLGXQJPөFWLrXÿjRWҥRWUuQKÿӝFӫD
KӑFVLQKNtFKWKtFKÿѭӧFWtQKWtFKFӵFFӫDKӑFVLQKÿzLKӓLFҫQQKLӅXWKӡLJLDQYj
F{QJVӭFĈӗQJWKӡLJLiRYLrQFҫQSKҧLFyNLӃQWKӭFNLQKQJKLӋPVkXUӝQJFyNӻ