Nho quan miền đất cổ phần 2

DANH NHAN TIEU BIEU

1 - BA DAM THI - ME VUA DINH TIEN HOANG
(XA GIA THUY)

Sich "Dgi Viet sd ky todn thu^' cd ghi:
"Vua md cdi cha tU be, me hg Ddm dua gia thudc
vdo a cgnh din San Thdn trong dgng" "*
Nhu the me vua Dinh Tidn Hoang la Dam Thj,
khdng rd tdn la gi. "Ddm Thi" la lay ten hg de ggi.
Ba Dam Thj ciing vdi Dinh Bd LTnh d Hoan Chau
(Nghd An) khi Dinh Cdng Tni lam thii sir Hoan Chau.
Den San Thin tiic la ddn Long Vidn d xa Dd Cd'c.
:^-, Sich "Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi" ghi:

(1) - "DVSfCFT" - (sdd) - trang 210

294


"Long Vien: U xd Di Cdc, nhd me Dinh Tien
Hodng a ddy, tdc chd cu cua Dinh Tien Hodng luc cdn
dn ndu, nen nhd cu ndy vdn cdn nen ggi la "Long Vien",
trudc mat trdng ra sdng, cd cdu Ngi/, cdu Phanh, ben td
vudn cd gd bdng phdng, tUc Id chd bdy trdn cd lau"'"
.Xa De Cd'c xua, ngay nay chinh la thdn My Ha, xa
Gia Thuy. Dieu dd khang djnh qud cua ba Dam Thj la
thdn My Ha, xa Gia Thuy.
Sau khi Dinh Cdng Tni mat d Hoan Chau, ba Dam
Thj mdi dua Dinh Bd LTnh vd qud ngoai d.
Tha'y Dinh Bd LTnh "keo nhau di ddnh tre con

thdn khdc, din ddu bgn tre diu sg phuc, hdng ngdy rii
nhau din phuc dich kiim ciii thdi cam. Bd me thdy vdy
mdng ldm, md lgn nhd cho chung dn"'-'.
Dieu dd the hidn ba Dam Thj rat thuong ydu, quan
tam va ddng vidn Dinh Bd LTnh luyen tap quan su ngay
khi con trai cdn nhd tudi.
Chfnh vi the, sau dd Dinh Bd LTnh da lam trudng d
sach Dao Ao, tiic sich Dao Uc, la thdn My Ha, xa Gia
Thuy.
(D- "Dai Nam nhdt thdng chi"- (sdd) - trang 251. Tap HI - NXBKHXH -1971.
(2) - "DVSKTT"- (sdd) - Trang 210

295


Sich sir xua viet ve ba Dam Thj rat it, chi cd the,
nhung ciing du giiip chiing ta hieu dugc qud ba d xa Gia
Thuy va ba cd mdt tam ldng thuong ydu, ddng vidn con
luyen tap quan su khi cdn ft tudi.
Ai dd vidi ba Dam Thj cd mang vdi rai ci dd sinh
ra Dinh Bd LTnh chi la su hu cau de tic phim va nhan vat
mang tinh truyen thuydt ma thdi.

296


2 - HAI TUdNG QUAN LE DU vA LE CHUONG
(XA PHU LOC)

Ld Du va Ld Chuong la hai anh em sinh ddi ciia vg

chdng ba Trin Thj Doan va dng Ld Trgng. Ong Ld Trgng
ngudi ling Phii Khd, tiic lang Kho, xa Phii Ldc ngay
nay. Ba Trin Thj Doan la ngudi huydn Ydn Md.
Thdi nhd, hai anh em Ld Du va Ld Chuang (Ld Du
la anh) thdng minh, gidi vd nghd, vi dugc dng Ld Trgng
cho di hge cic thiy gidi vd ndi tid'ng.
Nam Ld Du va Ld Chuang 21 tudi, bd me ddu qua
ddi. Liic nay hai anh em da trudng thanh va thay dat
nudc da ndi ldn loan 12 sii quan, ndn ciing diing ldn
chidu md binh linh luyen tap quan su. Hai anh em chieu
md dugc hon mdt ngan binh linh, chia lam hai ddn ddng
d qud. Ddn phfa Ddng do Ld Du ddng thudc dja phan
phfa Ddng ling Phii Khd, ddn phfa Tay do Ld Chuang
ddng d phfa Tay lang Phii Khd. Nhan dan trong viing
tha'y Ld Du va Ld Chuang luyen tap quan sT ndn cho con
em minh theo rat ddng.
Thdi gian nay Dinh Bd LTnh da diing ldn luyen tap
quan sT d ddng Hoa Lu (xa Gia Hung, huydn Gia Vidn
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ngay nay) va trd thanh trai trudng trai Dao Ao. Luc lugng
vii trang ciia Dinh Bd LTnh ngay cang ldn manh, chid'm
giir ci mdt vung qud Hoa Lu. Dinh Bd LTnh da thu phuc
dugc ca Sich Bdng cua ngudi chii Dinh Thiic Du. Dinh
Bd LTnh lai di danh chid'm cac vung xung quanh, uy the
ngay cang ldn manh hon.
Bid't dugc tin dd, Ld Du va Ld Chuang hgp binh
lai, dd'n ddng Hoa Lu theo Dinh Bd LTnh, cung Dinh Bd
LTnh di dep loan 12 sii quan. Dd'n cudi nam 967, Dinh

Bg LTnh da dep ydn loan 12 su quan, non sdng thu ve
mgt mdi, dai nudc trd lai thd'ng nha't.
Nam 968, Dinh Bg LTnh ldn ngdi Hoang de, hidu
la Dinh Tidn Hoang, dat tdn nude la Dai Cd Viet, ddng
dd d Hoa Lu (xa Trudng Ydn, huydn Hoa Lu ngay nay).
Vua Dinh Tidn Hoang phong cho Ld Du la Thanh Y Tran
Qudc cdng, phong cho Ld Chuong la Hien Quang Dai
tudng quan va cho hai dng ve tham qud. Sau dd hai dng
vd tridu phung su vua Dinh Tien Hoang dugc 9 nam niia,
dd'n ngay 15 thing gidng hai dng qua ddi.
Sau khi hai dng mat, Vua Dinh Tidn Hoang tang
phong cho Ld Du la 'Thanh Y Trdn qud'c cdng Cdng
chinh Trang tiic Hy muc Hien cdng Dgi vuang", Ld
Chuang la "Hien Quang DUng mdnh Dgi tudng qudn
Hung tdi Dgi lugc Anh nghi Dgi vuang". Hidn nay, tai
lang Kho (tiic ling Phii Khd xua) d xa Phii Ldc cd den
Lang Kho thd Ld Du va Ld Chuong.
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3 - TRINH LOI (? - 1434)
V 6 l K H 6 I NGHIA LAM SON
(XA SON THANH)

Theo "Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi". Tap III, Quyen
XIX (tinh Ninh Binh) thi Trjnh Ldi ngudi thdn Cu Lai,
xa Son Dugc, tdng Van Trinh, huydn Gia Vidn (nay la
lang Siy, xa Son Thanh, huydn Nho Quan, tinh Ninh
Binh). Ong tham gia cudc khoi nghia Lam Son (1418 1427) ttr rat sdm. Nhung trong sd 18 ngudi cung Ld Lgi
du hdi thd Liing Nhai vao dau thing 2 nam Binh Than

(3-1416) trudc khi phat ddng khdi nghia, tdn hg 18 ngudi
cd ghi rd trong bai van the dugc Ld Lgi dgc tai budi Id, lai
khdng cd ten Trjnh Ldi, dieu dd cho phep nghi ring dng
da tham gia nghTa quan sau khi cudc khdi nghTa da bung
nd. Mac dii vay, can cii vao cac chiic tudc ldn dng dugc
phong khi cdn sd'ng hoat ddng trong hang ngii nghia
quan hay dugc truy tang sau khi mat, dng cdn dugc phong
qud'c tinh hg Le sau khi khdi nghia thanh cdng, cd the
tha'y rang Trjnh Ldi la mdt danh tudng, mdt khai qud'c
299


cdng thin cua tridu Ld. Tide ring sir sich cii ghi chep rat
ft ve nhiing ddng gdp cu the cua dng trong cudc khdi
nghia khid'n cho vide tii hidn cudc ddi oanh liet ciia dng
gap nhidu khd khan. May min la trong "Dgi Viet thdng
su" (De ky), ghi chep ve luc lugng cua nghTa quan Lam
San, cd cho bidi ring liic mdi khdi su cd 51 tudng ca vo
lin van, trong sd tdn 51 ngudi dd cd tdn Trjnh Ldi, dugc
xep thii 10 (sau cac tudng Ld Khang, Ld Luan, Ld Ninh,
Ld Sao, Ld Ld, Ld Hidn, Ld Nhii Hd, Ld Long, Ld Cd'i.
"Dgi Viet thdng sd" cua Ld Quy Ddn ciing cung cap thdm
mdt so thdng tin quy nhung thieu cu the. Dd la Trjnh Ldi
da ciing vdi Ld Ld (Dinh Ld), Ld Khang v.v... lam tudng
trong hang ngii nghia quan Lam Son, trai qua nhidu hiem
nguy gian khd ndn da dugc phong tudc Thieu uy (trong
quan ddi ddi Ld, Thieu uy la mdt chi huy cao cap, tuong
duang vdi chiic Tudng quan). Thing gidng nam Dinh
Mui (2-1427), trong cudc vay ham thanh Ddng Quan
(Ha Ndi ngay nay), Trjnh Ldi dugc giao nhidm vu ddng

ddn binh canh giir cira Nam.
Sau khi da danh tan quan Minh, tudng giac Vuong
Thdng phii xin dau hang, rdi nit quan ve nude. Ngay 16
thing 4 nam Mau Than (29-4-1428) Ld Lgi chinh thu:c
ldn ngdi Hoang de, khdi phuc qud'c hidu Dai Viet, lay
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nidn hidu Thuan Thidn, Trjnh Ldi dugc phong li Nhap
ndi Thj Trung, Nam sau, khi tridu dinh dung bia khic ten
cac Cdng thin, dng dugc phong tudc Dinh Thugng hiu.
Dd'n nam 1432 (Thuan Thidn thii 5), dng lai dugc thang
lam Nhap ndi Dai Hanh Khien, Ta Bde Xa, dugc tham du
cdng vide tridu chinh.
Ngay 7 thing 11 nam Thieu Binh thii 1 ddi Ld
Thanh Tdng (tiic ngay 7/12/1434) dng mat. Trieu dinh
truy tang dng ham Bio Chinh cdng thin, Phu qud'c
Thugng tudng quan, Nhap ndi Trung Thu Ldnh, tudc
Huong hau, thuy la Trung Giin.
Nam Hdng Diic thii 15, ddi Ld Thanh Tdng (nam
1484), dng dugc truy tang tudc Tuydn hy hiu, gia tang
ham Thai uy, tudc Dao Qud'c cdng. Hai chiu dng la Hiiu
Dat va Hiiu Do deu giir chiie chi huy trong ddi quan hau
canh Vua (Tuy quan).
Ldm Xudn Dinh

301


4 - DINH NGOC NHU (HIEP DE)

(XA GIA THUY)

Thuc dan Phap danh chid'm Ninh Binh lin thii nhat
vao ngay 05 thing 12 nam 1873. Sau dd chiing dinh
chid'm Ninh Binh lin thii hai ngay 22 thing 10 nam 1883.
Tinh ly Ninh Binh da bj thuc dan Phap chid'm ddng.
Dd'n cudi the ky XIX, phong trio Can Vuang chd'ng
Phap xam lugc ldn cao. Cho ndn, mac du thuc dan Phap
da chid'm dugc tinh ly Ninh Binh, phong trio khang chid'n
chd'ng Phip cua nhan dan Ninh Binh cang sdi sue, manh
me.
Thdi ky nay d xa Dd Cd'c (nay la xa Gia Thuy) cd
dng Dinh Nggc Nhu, sinh nam Canh Ty, thudng ggi la
Hiep Dd vi dng da dd Cir nhan ddi vua Tu Diic, dugc bd
lam chiie C^anh Hiep (Hiep trudng) d xa Dd Cd'c.
Ong da td chiic luc lugng, xay dung can cii chdng
Phap d xa Di Cd'c. Niii Dd Cd'c dugc dng dung lam trung
tam tap hgp luc lugng khdi nghia, ddng thdi lam ddn luy
de dinh Phip. Ong Quich Cdng Ngan (Dd'c Tam) la
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Lang Mudng da xay dung can cii chdng Phap d An Binh
(Lac Thuy, Hoa Binh) cung da lien he vdi dng Hiep De
de danh Phip.
Phong trio dinh Phip da lan rdng, tai tinh Thanh
Hoa d Ba Dinh dng Dinh Cdng Tring (Lanh Trang) da
diing ldn tuydn md quan, sam vu khf danh Phap. Ong da
lidn lac vdi cac thu ITnh nghTa quan khac d Ninh Binh
nhu Nguydn Xuan Gia, Hoang Van Tuan, Pham Van

Ly... NghTa quan ciia Nguydn Xuan Gia (ngudi xa Ydn
Hung, huydn Y Yen, tinh Nam Djnh) da tuyen md nghTa
quan d viing Y Yen va Ninh Binh lay xa Dd Cd'c lam can
cii de hoat ddng. Xa De Cd'c khi dd gdm cic thdn: My
Ha, Ddng Xung, Di Thugng, Ddng Ndng, Hanh Phiic.
Thd' la nghia quan cua Hiep De da dugc dng Dinh
Cdng Trang va Nguydn Xuan Gia (Cai Gii) tid'p siic.
Chfnh vi the, ca dao d dja phuong cdn luu truyen:
"Ldnh Trdng, Cai Gid, Hiep Di
Ndm trdm binh linh keo ve binh Tdy".
Dja ban hoat ddng ciia nghia quan Hiep Dd ngay
cang md rdng, ttr xa De Cd'c dd'n An Binh (Lac Thuy,
Hoa Binh) tiic la can cii ciia nghia quan Quich Cdng
Ngan.
Hiep De da lanh dao nghTa quan chid'n dau vdi
quan Phap 3 tran:
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- Trdn thd nhdt: Phip dem quan chan dinh d quen
Gianh (cira ngd giao luu cua can cir Hiep Dd va Ddc Tam),
tran nay nghTa quan ta thing, djch phai nit ve Nho Quan.
Ngay hdm sau, djch lai td chiic dinh vao quen Mo tan
cdng can cii ciia Dd'c Tam.
- Trdn thU hai: Phap dua quan ve Dd Cd'c bing ca
nd dgc sdng Bdi, dd'n bd'n Mo, dd bd ldn dinh Mai dinh
tat xud'ng, nghia quan chan dudng Rde Mo (Ndi Cd
Chuang), nghTa quan keo siing thin cdng ttr rtmg nha
dng Hd ra bin, nhung siic cdng phi khdng ldn ndn quan
Phip xdng vao bao vay lang My.

- Trdn thU ba: Phap cho quan ttr bd'n Mo danh tat
xudng bao vay can cii cua Hiep Dd. Hiep De chd'ng tra
nhung khdng dugc, phii chay ldn rimg Dd Thugng. Thuc
dan Phap da bit dugc Hiep De dua ve phii ly Nho Quan.
Trdn dudng quan Phip dua ve phu ly Nho Quan, Hiep
De da cin ludi tu vin d chg Hang ngay 20 thing 7 nam
Dinh Hgi (1887).
Sau khi Hiep Di mat, nhan dan da thd dng d ba
noi: dinh Mdng (xa Yen Quang); dinh d xa Thanh Hai,
huydn Thanh Lidm, tinh Ha Nam; dinh d thdn Ddng
Sung, xa Gia Lam (ngdi dinh nay khdng cdn).
Trieu dinh nha Nguydn da cd sic phong cho Hiep
De la "Qud'c cdng Mdng diim Dgi tudng trung qudn
Thugng ddng thdn".
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5 - DINH TAT MIEN, NGU6l BI THU DAU TIEN
CUA DANG B O D A N G CONG SAN
DONG DUONG TINH NINH BINH
(XA SON THANH)

Dinh Tat Midn (1891-1939) sinh nam 1891 trong
mdt gia dinh ndng dan d xdm Liu, lang Siy, tiude thudc
xa Son Dugc idng Van Trinh, nay thudc xa Son Thanh,
huydn Nho Quan, tinh Ninh Binh.
Xua kia ttr ling Siy sang ling Rja phai di qua con
dd Riy, nay da cd dudng dd. Phia Nam cua lang Siy la
sdng Rde Trang, qua sdng trdn bd'n dd Dugc tdi dugc
lang Lu Phong, ling Quynh, vudn Ben... Phfa Ddng Bic

ciia ling Siy la dat Gia Phong, huydn Gia Vidn, giao luu
vdi nhau thdng qua dd Siy. Lang Siy xua cd luy tre bao
quanh tao ndn thanh luy viing chac chd'ng thii dii, gid
bao thdi hdng hoang, luy tre cdn chd'ng ca giac phuong
Bic thdi phong kid'n va rdi lai kidn cudng bdn bi chd'ng
giac Phip cung phit xit Nhat. Trong bdi cinh tu nhidn va
xa hdi dd, ling Say da sinh ra va hun diic ndn mdt chid'n
20-NQ

305


sT each mang uu tii, ngudi Bf thu diu tidn cua Dang bd
Ninh Binh: Dinh Tat Midn.
Thud nhd Dinh Tat Midn rai hidu hge, da tiTng
cting vdi anh trai ciia minh la dng dd Ldc sang tan Ha
Nam theo hge Tam nguydn Ydn Dd Nguydn Khuydn.
Cung vdi vide hge chir Han, dng cdn hge lam thudc, hge
lam ngudi cd ich cho quin chiing lao khd ttr chinh Luong
Van Thang - cu Tii Thang ngudi anh re trong gia dinh.
Dinh Tai Midn cd du trf luc va dieu kidn tid'p thu mdt
cich nhanh nhay ludng tu tudng mdi duong thdi. Ong
gia nhap td chiic Viet Nam Thanh nidn Cich mang Ddng
chi hdi (VNTNCMDCH) diu tidn d Ninh Binh.
Ngiy 24/6/1929 chi bg VNTNCMDCH d Lu
Phong chuyen sang thanh chi bd Ddng Duong Cdng sin
ding do Luong Van Thang lam Bf thu, Dinh Tat Midn
ciing dugc kdi nap vao Ddng Duong Cdng sin ding va
sinh hoat tai chi bd "gdc", chi bd Lii Phong. Sau dd Dinh
Tai Midn dugc chi bd Lu Phong phan cdng ve xay dung

ca sd Ding d lang Siy. Bang uy tin va cd each van ddng
anh em quin chiing mdt cich khdn kheo, Dinh Tat Midn
da gay dung ndn mdt he thd'ng co sd viing chic tu chfnh
ngdi nha cua minh, noi tuydn truydn tu tudng cdng sin
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cho quin chiing lao khd. Ngiy 15/8/1930 chi bd Ding
diu tidn cua lang Siy dugc thinh lap dudi su chi dao cua
Dinh Tat Midn. De vide hoat ddng cich mang dugc thuan
lgi, dng da thdi nghd day hge ma chuyen sang lam nghe
thiy lang kd don bde thud'c. Khi di chiia bdnh cho dan,
dng thudng bd truyen don lin vao trong thud'c nhim
tuydn truyen tu tudng cdng sin ci viing rdng ldn d Nho
Quan.
Ngdi nha 5 gian cua dng liic nao ciing ddng ngudi
dd'n chiia bdnh. Cin bd cd khi gii lam con bdnh de dd'n
nha dng hdi hgp, trao ddi thu ttr. Ngdi nha gd nam gian
quay hudng Nam, mii ra, vach dat, dng da khdn kheo
bd trf nhidu cira sd nhd, duy nhat cd mdt cira ra vao thuan
lgi cho vide hdi hgp. Ba Dinh Thj Cdng la chiu dau ciia
Dinh Tat Midn ke lai ring mdt sd cudc hgp d nha dng
Midn, ba dugc giao nhiem vu canh gac vdng trong, vdng
ngoai la mdt sd ngudi diing theo ddi d dd Siy, dd Dugc,
dd Riy, khi nao tha'y djch qua sdng, keo vao lang thi bao
cho ba. Ba Cdng dung can chdi nhu dang dudi ga dinh
ddng cho cin bd Ding bidi ma nit lui an toan. La co sd
each mang cd quan he mat thiei vdi Luang Van Thang,
lai nim trong ling Siy cd dja thd' thuan lgi cho hoat ddng
bf mat cua Ding, ndn nha Dinh Tat Midn li noi td chiic

307


mdt so cudc hgp quan trgng. Trong bdi canh dd, Dinh
Tat Midn cang cd dieu kidn ren luyen bin than, tfch luy
kinh nghidm, tid'p thu nhanh tu tudng cdng san va cd mdt
each nhin toin didn ve phong trio cich mang.
Cud'i nam 1935, Luong Van Thang va Dinh Tat
Midn da tridu tap hdi nghj Dang bd Ninh Binh tai chinh
nha Dinh Tat Midn. Hdi nghj quydi djnh xay dung lai
phong trao each mang va ra td bio "Dudng Kdch menh"
la CO quan tuydn truydn cua Ding bd, hudng din quan
chiing da'u tranh vach tdi ac ciia bgn thuc dan phong
kid'n.
. Thing 2 nam 1937, Dinh Tat Midn dugc Ban can
su Dang tinh Ninh Binh phan cdng ldn thj tran Nho Quan
md hidu thud'c, ddng thdi lam dai ly phit hanh sich bao,
lgi dung phat hanh sach bio ciia Ding va rai truyen don
gay dung CO sd each mang cua quin chiing Nho Quan.
Sang thing 5 nam 1937, Dinh Tat Midn tham gia
van ddng quin chiing tai thj tran Nho Quan gdp tien ung
hd cic cudc dau tranh cua cdng nhan nha may xe lira
Trudng Thi, nha miy sgi Nam Djnh, qua dd lam cho
quin chiing hieu va di theo phong trao each mang.
Trong Dai hdi Ding bd tinh Ninh Binh lin thii
nhai td chiic vao mua thu nam 1938 tai nha dng Nguydn
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Van Xien (xdm Ddi Dau, thdn Sua, xa Son Lai, huydn

Nho Quan), Dinh Tit Midn vinh du dugc biu lam Bi thu
Dang bd Ninh Binh. (J cuong vj diing diu td chiic Dang
ciia mdt tinh, Dinh Tat Midn da dem hdi trf tue va siic luc
ddng gdp cho su nghiep cich mang cua Ninh Binh ndi
ridng, dat nude Viet Nam ndi chung.
Ngay 29/9/1939 Dinh Tat Midn bj djch bit trong
dgt chiing khiing bd sau cao trao 1936 -1939. Ong bj
djch tra tan da man, nhung vin giir virng khi tidi cua
ngudi each mang. Dinh Tat Midn da hy sinh tai nha tu
Nam Djnh nam 1939. Ong mat di de lai niem tide thuong
ciia Ding bd va nhan dan Ninh Binh.
Nguyen Cao Tdn

309


6 - LUONG VAN THANG - NGUClI DANG VIEN
CONG SAN DAU TIEN 6 NINH BINH
(1865-1940)
(XA QUYNH LUU)

Luang Van Thang, thudng ggi la Tii Thang vi dng
da dd Tii tai d khoa thi Bfnh Ngg nam 1906, qud d lang
Lu Phong, xa Quynh Luu. Ong sinh nam 1865 la con lit
cu Luong The Nhung, mgt nha nho cd tinh thin ydu
nudc. Me la ba Phan Thj Nhai, mdt ndng dan lam rudng.
Thud nhd, Luong Van Thang di hge d trudng tdng
Quynh Luu, thdng minh, nhanh nhen, ngoan ngoan dugc
thay ydu, ban quy, dan lang ca nggi.
Sau khi hge d trudng tdng Quyng Luu, dng dugc

sang Nam Djnh hge cu nghe Khieu d Nang Tinh, Nam
Djnh, rdi hge cu Cir Pham Van Phi la con lit cu Hoang
giip Pham Van Nghj, sau dd cdn hge cu Dd'c hge Nam
Djnh Nguydn Thugng Hien (da tung lam dd'c hge Ninh
Binh). Dugc hge cic thiy ddu cd ldng ydu nudc, ndn
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Luang Van Thang sdm tid'p thu dugc tinh thin ydu nudc,
hieu dugc ndi khd cua nhan dan la do bgn de qud'c, phong
kid'n bde lot.
Vi vay, sau nam 1906 thi dd Tii tai d Nam Djnh,
dng trd vd qud day hge va lam thud'c. Lam thay day hge,
dng mud'n nang cao dan trf cho ngudi dan. Lam nghd
thud'c, dng mud'n tham gia chira bdnh cho dan. Do dd,
nhan dan trong vung rat quy men va kfnh trgng dng. Hg
khdng ggi tdn dng, chi ndi "Cu Tu ldng Quynh".
Cud'i the ky XIX, dau thd' ky XX, phong trao "Cdn
Vuang" trong nudc kdu ggi nhan dan diing ldn chd'ng
Phap da ldn cao. Tid'p dd la phong trio Ddng Du (19041908), phong trao Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc (1907-1908)
ndi ldn, da anh hudng ddn tu tudng ydu nudc cua Luang
Van Thang. Ong da hieu dugc ndi thd'ng khd cua nhan
dan la do bgn dd' qudc, phong kie'n bde lot, mud'n lam
cho dan thoit khd, phii diing ldn danh dudi thuc dan
Phip va lat dd bgn phong kid'n.
Nam 1925, Hdi Viet Nam cich mang thanh nidn
dugc thinh lap, ra b i o 'Thanh nien" va md cic ldp huan
luyen dao tao cic cin bd dua vd nudc hoat ddng each
mang.
311

Ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan - mdt thanh nidn ydu
nudc qud d Nam Djnh la hdi vidn ciia Hdi Viet Nam cich
mang thanh nidn, dugc di hge d Quing Chau (Trung
Qud'c). Hge xong ly luan cich mang, ddng chf dugc cir
vd nudc, tid'p tuc hoat ddng d Nam Djnh, sau dd lai dugc
tinh uy Nam Djnh cir vd Ninh Binh xay dung co sd cich
mang, xay dung chi bd Dang.
Vd Ninh Binh vao thing 6 nam 1927, ddng chf
Nguydn Van Hoan dd'n xa Quynh Luu gap ngudi ban
cung qud la Vu Nggc Toan da ttmg day hge d trudng
Quynh Luu ttr nam 1925 de bat lidn lac. Thdi gian ay,
thiy giio Vii Nggc Toin lai trg d nha dng Luong Van
Thang. Thd' la ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan va Luang
Van Thang quen bidi nhau. Bidi Luong Van Thang ciing
la mdt dng dd day hge va lam thudc, lai cd ldng ydu
nudc, cam ghet bgn thuc dan va be lii tay sai, ddng chf
Nguydn Van Hoan da tuydn truyen giac ngd Luong Van
Thang. Ttr dd dng Luong Van Thang da hieu dugc cac
trao luu each mang trong nudc va hieu vd Hdi Viet Nam
cich mang thanh nidn do Nguydn Ai Qud'c sang lap.
Ong Luong Van Thang da tinh nguydn tham gia
Hdi Viet Nam cich mang thanh nidn va dd'n thing 9 nam
1927, ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan da thanh lap Chi bd
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Viet Nam thanh nidn each mang diu tidn d Ninh Binh tai
lang Lu Phong, xa Quynh Luu.

Theo sich "Lich su Ddng bd huyen Nho Quan",
Chi bd gdm 8 hdi vidn la: Luong Van Thang, Vu Nggc
Toin, Pham Van Thanh, Trin Van Pham, Dinh Tat Midn,
Luang Van Lugng, Bidu Nhinh, Bidu DTnh, do Luong
Van Thang lam Bi thu.
Dd'n ngay 24 thing 6 nam 1929, Chi bd Viet Nam
thanh nidn each mang Lu Phong da dugc chuyen thanh
Chi bd Ddng Duong cdng sin Dang, ddng chf Luang
Van Thang vin dugc biu lam Bf thu Chi bd. Liic nay Chi
bd chi cd 3 ddng chf: Luong Van Thang, Vii Nggc Toan
va Phan Van Thanh. Ba ddng chf du bj la Dinh Tat Midn,
Trin Van Pham, Bidu DTnh. Dd la Chi bd Dang ra ddi
sdm nhai d Ninh Binh va ngudi lam Bf thu Chi bd Ding
diu tidn d Ninh Binh la Luang Van Thang.
Sau khi cac Chi bd Ddng Duong Cdng sin Dang
dugc td chiic. Ban Tinh uy lam thdi Ddng Duong cdng
san Ding Ninh Binh dugc thanh lap tai Nho Quan.
Nhan ky nidm lin thii 12 Cich mang thing Mudi
Nga va tuydn truyen inh hudng cua Dang trong quin
chiing, ddm ngiy mdng 6 rang ngiy mdng 7 thing 11
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nam 1929, ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan, Dang Van Ttr
(Trudng Ydn) va ddng chf Luong Van Tuy - ngudi con
uu tii cua qud huong Quynh Luu da cim cd Ding trdn
dinh mii Non Nudc (thj xa Ninh Binh) lam cho djch hoang
mang, bdi rdi, ddi phd liing tiing. Ca budi sang ngay
hdm dd cd dd biia lidm mang ddng chir : "Nga Xd vgn
tui" phap phdi tung bay viy ggi nhan dan ta diing ldn

theo con dudng cua each mang thing Mudi Nga. Cung
ddm a'y, truyen don cua Dang dugc rai d chg VTnh Khuang,
xa Quang Lac, thj tran Nho Quan.
Phit hidn truyen don, cung vdi su kidn cd biia lidm
tung bay trdn dinh nui Non Nudc, thuc dan Phip cho
bgn tay sai theo ddi, dua bgn mat thim vd biia vay day
dac cic thdn, xa d Nho Quan, hdng khiing bd, dap tat
phong trao. Ngay 18 thing 11 nam 1929, chiing cho Ifnh
vay bit cac ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan, Luong Van
Tuy, cung mdt so Ding vidn va quin chiing cich mang
khac. Ddng chi Luang Van Thang cung bj bit va bgn
Phap dua ddng chf dd'n gap anh Tuy, hdng trdng chd d
mdt su yd'u mdm trong tinh cam cha con. Nhung anh Tuy
ndi vdi cha 'TU ngdy cdn nhd, con bao gid cUng nhd vd
ldm theo ldi dgy cua Thdy, Thdy thuang con thi ldm sao
de dUng dau yeu...".
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Ngay 24 thing 1 nam 1930, ke djch dua nhirng
ngudi bj bit ra toa xir tai Ninh Binh.
Ngay 28 thing 4 nam 1930, djch phii xir lai tai toi
thugng thim Hi Ndi, Oiydn bd Tdn" day cic anh di biet xii.
Ngay 18 thing 6 nam 1930, djch diy cic anh di
Cdn Dao. Y chf dau tranh kidn cudng, bai khuat cua cic
chien sT cich mang da khfch Id tinh thin dau tranh cua
toan Ding, toan dan trong huydn. Vi vay, phong trio cich
mang d huydn Nho Quan vin giir viing va phit trien.
Ddng chf Luong Van Thang tuy bj djch quan thiic nhung
vin kidn tri, binh tinh nim tinh hinh chi dao phong trio

each mang nhu: ddi khat thue, giim thud' cho ndng dan.
Cudc da'u tranh xay ra vao thing 6 nam 1931 lam chan
dgng bd may thd'ng trj ciia Phap d Ddng Duong. Diu
nam 1932, bgn thuc dan Phip phii cich chiic hiu nhu tai
ci Chinh tdng, Ly trudng... d tdng Quynh Luu de biu
ngudi khac vi da khdng dan ap dugc cudc dau tranh kliat
thud' ciia nhan dan.
Thing lgi ciia nhan dan trong phong trio khat thud'
thdi ky dd cd vai trd va cdng lao ciia ddng chi Luang
Van Thang.
Ngay 18 thing 10 nam 1940, do mdi cao siic yd'u,
ddng chf Luong Van Thang da qua ddi, thg 75 tudi.
Dim tang ddng chf dugc co sd Ding Quynh Luu td chire
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chu dio, trang trgng, de khfch Id tinh thin ydu nude cua
quin chiing.
Luong Van Thang chfnh la ngudi chid'n sT Cdng
san diu tidn d Ninh Binh, ngudi Bi thu Chi bd Ding diu
tidn d Ninh Binh.
Khdng nhiing the, Luong Van Thang cdn la mdt
nha tho. Tho cua dng da la vu khf tuydn truydn tu tudng
ydu nudc va cd vii phong trio cich mang. Dd la nhirng
vin tha to cao thud dan Phap:
"Cdm hdn odn gidn thdng Tdy
Vi mdy nen nudc non ndy lenh denh.
Vi mdy chia cdt bao tinh
Nudc non chdng vg, phu huynh chia Ua
Vi mdy tan cua ndt nhd

Vi mdy con tre, cha gid xa nhau"
(Thuang con)
Khdng nhihig chi td cio thuc dan Phap, dng cdn
di kfch nhirng tdn Vua ban nude nhu Khai Djnh:
"Rugu tiin gdi dep danh cao
Bgc cd mUng hg rugu ddo ninh xudn

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Mdt het dgo due nhdn ludn
Cui ddu ndo biet qudc ddn Id gi
(Bai tho lidn hanh than Vua ching ra gi)
Cdn bgn quan lai phong kid'n, dng ciing da kich
khdng thuang tide:
"Ddng khinh lU mat dgn mdy ddy
Chi biit chui ludn dudi dit Tdy
Ng nudc thu nhd quen hit sgch
Quan md nhu the thuc quan cdy"
(Dang khinh)
Tho dng cdn kdu ggi nhan dan diing ldn tranh dau
cihi nudc, ciiu nha:
"Dimg day ngay di gidnh ldy nudc
Cdu cha cidi me cuu ddng bdo"
Khdng chi lam tho the hidn ldng ydu nudc, tuydn
truyen each mang, Luong Van Thang cdn ve mdt so tranh
treo trong nha minh, d dudi dd nhirng cau tho the hidn
long ydu nudc thim kfn cua minh.
Luong Van Thang chfnh la mdt nha giio, mdt thiy
thud'c, mdt ngudi lam tha, ve tranh, cd long ydu nude

thuang dan sau sic, da di theo Ding va trd thanh Dang
317


vidn Cdng sin diu tidn d tinh Ninh Binh, tham gia lanh
dao phong trio each mang d tinh Ninh Binh, vdi cuong
vj la Bf thu Chi bd Ding diu tidn d Ninh Binh. Ong cung
li ngudi diu tidn cd cdng van ddng quin chiing de xay
dung khu can cir Cach mang Quynh Luu. Chfnh vi vay,
Tinh uy Ninh Binh da chi dao xay dung khu lang md
Luong Van Thang, trdn bia ghi:
'Thdng 9 ndm 1927, thdnh lap Chi bd Viet Nam
thanh nien Cdch mgng ddng chi hgi ddu tien a Ninh
Binh, tgi Lu Phong (Nho Quan) ddng chi Luang Vdn
Thdng dugc bdu ldm Bi Thu".
Dang bd va nhan dan Nho Quan ndi ridng va nhan
dan Ninh Binh ndi chung rat vinh du va tu hao cd ngudi
con ydu quy cua qud huong la Luong Van Thang.

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