Chien tranh lanh

The Early
Cold War:
1947-1970
Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Part I:
“Reconstruction
&
Confrontation”
The Ideological Struggle
The Ideological Struggle
Soviet &
Eastern Bloc
Nations
[“Iron Curtain”]
US & the
Western
Democracies
GOAL
 spread world-
wide Communism
GOAL
 “Containment”
of Communism & the
eventual collapse of the

Communist world.
[George Kennan]
METHODOLOGIES:

Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]

Arms Race [nuclear escalation]

Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of
Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command
economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]
 “proxy wars”

Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]
The “Iron Curtain”
The “Iron Curtain”
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the
Adriatic, an
Adriatic, an
iron curtain
iron curtain
has descended across the
has descended across the
Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient
Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient
capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.
capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.

-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946
Truman Doctrine [1947]
Truman Doctrine [1947]
1.
1.
Civil War in Greece.
Civil War in Greece.
2.
2.
Turkey under pressure from the
Turkey under pressure from the
USSR for concessions in the
USSR for concessions in the
Dardanelles.
Dardanelles.
3.
3.
The U. S. should support free
The U. S. should support free
peoples throughout the world who
peoples throughout the world who
were resisting takeovers by armed
were resisting takeovers by armed
minorities or outside pressures…We
minorities or outside pressures…We
must assist free peoples to work out
must assist free peoples to work out
their own destinies in their own way.
their own destinies in their own way.

4.
4.
The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400
The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400
million in aid.
million in aid.
Marshall Plan [1948]
Marshall Plan [1948]
1.
1.
“
“
European Recovery
European Recovery
Program.”
Program.”
2.
2.
Secretary of State,
Secretary of State,
George Marshall
George Marshall
3.
3.
The U. S. should provide
The U. S. should provide
aid to
aid to
all
all

European nations
European nations
that need it. This move
that need it. This move
is not against any country or doctrine,
is not against any country or doctrine,
but against hunger, poverty, desperation,
but against hunger, poverty, desperation,
and chaos.
and chaos.
4.
4.
$12.5 billion of US aid to Western
$12.5 billion of US aid to Western
Europe extended to Eastern Europe &
Europe extended to Eastern Europe &
USSR, [but this was rejected].
USSR, [but this was rejected].
Post-War Germany
Post-War Germany
Berlin Blockade & Airlift
Berlin Blockade & Airlift
(1948-49)
(1948-49)
The Arms Race:
The Arms Race:
A “Missile Gap?”
A “Missile Gap?”
}
The Soviet Union

The Soviet Union
exploded its first
exploded its first
A-bomb in 1949.
A-bomb in 1949.
}
Now there were
Now there were
two nuclear
two nuclear
superpowers!
superpowers!
N
N
orth
orth
A
A
tlantic
tlantic
T
T
reaty
reaty
O
O
rganization (1949)
rganization (1949)

United States

United States

Belgium
Belgium

Britain
Britain

Canada
Canada

Denmark
Denmark

France
France

Iceland
Iceland

Italy
Italy

Luxemburg
Luxemburg

Netherlands
Netherlands

Norway

Norway

Portugal
Portugal

1952: Greece &
1952: Greece &
Turkey
Turkey

1955: West Germany
1955: West Germany

1983: Spain
1983: Spain
Warsaw Pact (1955)
Warsaw Pact (1955)
}
U. S. S. R.
U. S. S. R.
}
Albania
Albania
}
Bulgaria
Bulgaria
}
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
}

East Germany
East Germany
}
Hungary
Hungary
}
Poland
Poland
}
Rumania
Rumania
Premier Nikita
Premier Nikita
Khrushchev
Khrushchev
About the capitalist
About the capitalist
states, it doesn't
states, it doesn't
depend on you
depend on you
whether we
whether we
(Soviet Union) exist.
(Soviet Union) exist.
If you don't like us,
If you don't like us,
don't accept our
don't accept our
invitations, and don't

invitations, and don't
invite us to come
invite us to come
to see you. Whether
to see you. Whether
you like it our not, history is on our
you like it our not, history is on our
side.
side.
We will bury you
We will bury you
. -- 1956
. -- 1956
De-Stalinization
De-Stalinization
Program
Program
An Historic Irony: Sergei
An Historic Irony: Sergei
Khrushchev, American
Khrushchev, American
Citizen
Citizen
Who buried who?
Who buried who?
Mao’s Revolution: 1949
Mao’s Revolution: 1949
Who lost China? – A 2
Who lost China? – A 2
nd

nd


}
}


Power!
Power!
The Korean War: A “Police
The Korean War: A “Police
Action” (1950-1953)
Action” (1950-1953)
Syngman Rhee
Syngman Rhee
Kim Il-Sung
Kim Il-Sung
“
“
Domino Theory”
Domino Theory”
The Suez Crisis: 1956-
The Suez Crisis: 1956-
1957
1957
Radio Free Europe/Radio
Radio Free Europe/Radio
Liberty
Liberty
The Hungarian Uprising:

The Hungarian Uprising:
1956
1956
Imre Nagy, Hungarian
Imre Nagy, Hungarian
Prime Minister
Prime Minister
}
Promised free
Promised free
elections.
elections.
}
This could lead to the
This could lead to the
end of communist rule
end of communist rule
in Hungary.
in Hungary.
Sputnik I (1957)
Sputnik I (1957)
The Russians have beaten America in
The Russians have beaten America in
space—they have the technological edge!
space—they have the technological edge!