Cấu trúc và bài tập đảo ngữ

Đảo ngữ
I. Đảo ngữ là gì?
Hiện tượng đảo ngữ là hiện tượng đảo ngược vị trí động từ hoặc trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ
nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh.
Ví dụ:
She never goes out on Sunday. (câu thường)
Never does she go out on Sunday (câu đảo ngữ – người viết/nói muốn nhấn mạnh đến việc
không bao giờ của cô ấy)
Cô ấy không bao giờ ra ngoài vào Chủ nhật.
II. Các cấu trúc của câu đảo ngữ
1.
Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ tần suất (thường là các trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định)
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever + trợ động từ + S + V: không bao giờ/hiếm khi
ai đó làm gì.
Ví dụ:
Peter rarely studies hard.
=> Rarely does Peter study hard.
Hiếm khi Peter học hành chăm chỉ.
2. Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện
Câu điều kiện loại 1:
Should + S + V, S + will/should/may/shall + V… : Nếu như… thì …
Ví dụ:
If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go camping.
=> Should the weather be nice tommorrow, we will go camping.
Nếu ngày mai thời tiết đẹp thì chúng ta sẽ đi cắm trại.
Câu điều kiện loại 2:
Were S + to V/ Were S, S + would/could/might + V: Nếu như …. thì …
Ví dụ:
If I had money, I would buy that car.
=> Were I to have money, I would buy that car.
Nếu tôi có tiền thì tôi đã mua chiếc ô tô đó.

If I were you, I would work harder.
=> Were I you, I would work harder.
Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ làm việc chăm chỉ hơn.
Câu điều kiện loại 3:
Had + S + PII, S + would/should/might have PII: Nếu như … thì …
Ví dụ:
If she hadn’t eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache.
=> Had she not eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache.
Nếu cô ấy không ăn chiếc bánh ấy thì cô ấy sẽ không bị đau bụng.
Chú ý: Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện thì chỉ đảo ở mệnh đề if, mệnh đề sau giữ nguyên.
3. Đảo ngữ miêu tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra sát và kế tiếp nhau sau 1 lúc
No sooner… than


Scarely… when
Hardly… when
…. + had + S + PII …+ S + Ved: ngay sau khi …..
Ví dụ:
No sooner had he come than she left.
= Hardly had he come when she left.
Ngay sau khi anh ấy đến thì cô ấy rời đi.
4. Đảo ngữ với until
It was not … until that…: mãi cho đến khi
=> Not until + trợ động từ + S + V + that + …
Ví dụ:
It was not I became a mother that I knew how my mother loved me.
=> Not until did I become a mother that I knew how my mother loved me.
Mãi cho đến khi tôi làm mẹ tôi mới biết mẹ yêu tôi đến nhường nào.
5. Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ cách thức (trạng từ)
Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V

Ví dụ:
Beautifully did she sing.
Cô ấy đã hát rất hay.
6. Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ thời gian (With adverbs of time):
Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V
Ví dụ:
Very often have we tried to do it but we fail.
Chúng tôi đã cố gắng làm rất nhiều lần nhưng đều thất bại.
7. Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ nơi chốn (With adverbs of place):
Phó từ + V + S
Ví dụ:
Here comes the fall.
Mùa thu đã tới đây.
8. Hình thức đảo ngữ với with now, thus, then, here, there
Chỉ được đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là danh từ, không hoán chuyển khi chủ ngữ là đại từ.
Ví dụ:
There comes the bus. = There it comes.
Xe buýt đã tới rồi.
9. Đảo ngữ với so … that và such…. that
So adj/adv + trợ động từ + S + that…: đến nỗi mà
Ví dụ:
This book is so interesting that I’ve read it many times.
=> So interesting is this book that I’ve read it many times.
Cuốn sách này thú vị đến nỗi mà tôi đọc nó rất nhiều lần.
10. Hình thức đảo ngữ với NO và NOT
No+ N + trợ động từ + S + Verb(inf)


Not any + N+ trợ động từ + S+ verb(inf)
Ví dụ

No books shall I lend you from now on.
= Not any money shall I lend you from now on.
Từ bây giờ tôi sẽ không cho bạn mượn bất cứ quyển sách nào nữa.

11. Hình thức đảo ngữ với ONLY

1. Only then (chỉ đến lúc đó)
Ví dụ:
Only then did I understand the problem.
(Chỉ một lúc sau tôi đã hiểu được vấn đề).
2. Only in this/ that way (chỉ bằng cách này/ đó)
Ví dụ:
Only in that way can we expect to succeed in reaching the set targets.
(Chỉ bằng cách đó chúng ta có thể mong đợi để thành công trong việc đạt được các mục tiêu
đề ra)
3. Only by + Ving/ Noun (chỉ bằng cách)
Ví dụ:
Only by practicing English every day can you speak it fluently.
(Chỉ bằng cách luyện tập tiếng Anh hàng ngày bạn mới có thể nói trôi chảy được).
4. Only with + Noun (chỉ với)
Ví dụ:
Only with the full agreement of everyone can we hope to succeed.
(Chỉ với sự đồng ý của tất cả mọi người thì chúng ta mới hy vọng thành công).
4. Only in + adv of time/ place (chỉ ở thời gian/ địa điểm)
Ví dụ:


Only in central Vietnam have I seen such scenery like that.
(Chỉ ở miền Trung Việt Nam tôi mới thấy cảnh như thế).
5. Only after + Noun/ clause (chỉ sau khi)

Ví dụ:
Only after all guests had gone home, could we relax.
(Chỉ sau khi tất cả khách về nhà, chúng tôi mới có thể nghỉ ngơi).
6. Only when + Clause (chỉ đến khi) = Not until
Ví dụ:
Only when he is here, does he speak Chinese.
(Chỉ khi ông ta ở đây, ông ta mới nói tiếng Trung Quốc).
7. Only if + Clause (chỉ khi, nếu)
Với “only after”, “only when”, “only if”: khi trong câu có 2 mệnh đề thì dùng đảo ngữ ở
mệnh đề thứ hai.
Ví dụ: Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you.
(Chỉ khi bạn nói cho tôi sự thật, tôi mới có thể tha thứ cho bạn).
Xem thêm: Nơi học ielts cấp tốc cho bạn tham khảo.
Lưu ý:
Nếu “only” bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ (chủ ngữ nằm ngay sau “only”) thì trong câu không có
đảo ngữ.
Eg: Only he can speak English.
(Chỉ có anh ấy có thể nói tiếng Anh).
Only the special members can enter the club on Sundays.
(Chỉ các thành viên đặc biệt mới có thể tới câu lạc bộ vào chủ nhật).
Only …. + trợ động từ + S + V (câu 1 mệnh đề)
hoặc Only … + S + V + trợ động từ + S + V (câu 2 mệnh đề)


.
12. Hình thức đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No

At no time: không một lúc nào
On no condition: không với điều kiện nào
On no account : Không một lí do nào

Under/ in no circumstances: không một trường hợp nào
For no searson: không một lý do nào
In no way: không một cách nào
No longer: bây giờ không còn nữa
No where: không một nơi nào
Ví dụ:
Under no case should you leave here.
Trong bất cứ trường hợp nào bạn cũng không nên rời khỏi đây.
No longer does he live next to me.
Bây giờ anh ấy không còn là hàng xóm của tôi nữa.
13. Hình thức đảo ngữ với Not only… but… also….
Not only + trợ động từ + S + V + but… also….: không những mà còn
Ví dụ:
Not only is he good at History but he also sings very beautifully.
Không những anh ấy giỏi lịch sử mà còn hát rất hay.

14. Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh tính từ:

Trong tiếng Anh có thể đảo tính từ, cụm tính ngữ làm C (bổ ngữ) của “to be” ra trước để nhấn
mạnh, đồng thời đảo “to be” ra trước S (chủ ngữ).
Ví dụ:
The probem is easy.
=> Easy is the problem.
Vấn đề này rất đơn giản.
15. Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh động từ.
Trong tiếng Anh có thể nhấn mạnh động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn và quá khứ đơn bằng cách thêm trợ
động từ ở dạng tương ứng với thì .
Ví dụ:
I stayed at home yesterday.
=> I did stay at home yesterday.

Tôi đã ở nhà cả ngày hôm qua.

Câu 1. Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

She had never been so happy before
.=> Never before…………………………………………
I have never heard such nonsense!
=> Never…………………………………………………...
I have never seen such a mess in my life.
=> Never in my life…………………………………
Our profits have never been higher than they are this year.
=> Never…………………………
The film had never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration.
=>Never……………………
I've never come across such a horrifying film
=> Never………………………………………
I've never been so moved by a Shakespeare production
=> Never……………………………

I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.
=> Never…………………………
I'll never forget you.
=> Never ………………………………………………………………..
Câu 2. Dùng RARELY, SELDOM hoặc LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

One rarely finds good service these days.
=> Rarely………………………………………………………
She has rarely travelled more than fifty miles from her village.
=> Rarely………………………………
Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
=> Seldom…………………………………………
They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
=> Seldom…………………………
They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
=> Little……………………………
The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent
=> Little…………………………………………
He has seldom seen anything stranger
=> Seldom……………………………………………
Câu 3. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT.

He is my friend as well as yours.
=> Not only…………………………………………………
2.
He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me.=> Not
only………………………………………
3.
Harry not only broke his leg but also injured his shoulder.=> Not
only………………………………………………
1.


He is both intelligent and handsome.=> Not
only…………………………………………………………………….
5.
She is impatient and dishonest.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
6.
The bus not only crashed into a tree, but it also ran over a cat.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..
4.

7.

She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..

8.

She is not only beautiful but also attractive.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..

9.

He translated not only fast but also correctly.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..

10.

They are not only good at mathematics but also at science.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..

11.

She not only sings but also dances.
=> Not……………………………………………………………………………..
Câu 4. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it
means the same as the sentence printed above it.

1.

He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
=> No sooner __________________________________________________ ___

2.

I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
=> Hardly __________________________________________________ _____

3.

He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
=> Not until __________________________________________________ ____

4.

We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
=> Only __________________________________________________ _______

5.

A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
=> Under the table _________________________________________________

6.

His brother had rarely been more excited.
=> Rarely____________________________________________ _____________

7.

The facts were not all made public until later.
=> Only______________________________________________ ____________

8.

If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
=> Had_______________________________________________ ____________
Câu 5. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it
means the same as the sentence printed above it.

1.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired. => Only
__________________________________________________________.
2.

I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

3.

It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

4.

I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

5.

They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

6.

They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

7.

I didn’t realize who he was until later.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

8.

The door could not be opened without using force.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.

9.

I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.
10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day.
=> Only __________________________________________________________.
Câu 6. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD.

1.

If the Government are forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win.
=> Should__________________________________________________________.

2.

If you want to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is free after 9. A.M
=> Should__________________________________________________________.

3.

If you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.
=> Should__________________________________________________________.

4.

If you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April.
=> Should__________________________________________________________.

5.

If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.
=> Should__________________________________________________________.

6.

If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form.
=> Should__________________________________________________________.

7.

If you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here.
=> Should__________________________________________________________.


Câu 7. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD
1.

If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing.
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

2.

Would you visit me if I were sent to prison?
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

3.

I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.

4.

If I were rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car.
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

5.

If I were you, I would tell him the truth.
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

6.

If he weren’t busy right now, he could help them.
=> Were ___________________________________________________________.

7.

If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.

8.

If the computer hadn’t broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.

9.

If he hadn’t been angry, I would have said something.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.

10.

If his friends hadn’t been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train.
=> Had___________________________________________________________.
Câu 8. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO OR SUCH.

1.

The weather is so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach.
=> So__________________________________________________________________.

2.

He is so strong that he can lift the box.
=> So__________________________________________________________________.

3.

He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him.
=> Such________________________________________________________________.

4.

He ate so much food that he became ill.
=> So__________________________________________________________________.

5.

It is such hot coffee that I can't drink it.
=> Such________________________________________________________________.

6.

He bought so many books that he didn't know where to put them.
=> So__________________________________________________________________.

7.

She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her.
=> Such________________________________________________________________.


8.

This book is so boring that I couldn’t finish it
=> So__________________________________________________________________.

9.

He was such a fast speaker that we couldn’t understand him.
=> Such________________________________________________________________.

10.

She was so tired that she fell asleep in the armchair.
=> So__________________________________________________________________.

11.

It was such a foggy day that we couldn’t see the road.
=> Such________________________________________________________________.

12.

This tea is so good that I’ll have another cup.
=> So__________________________________________________________________.

1.
2.

Đáp án bài tập
Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ
She had never been so happy before.
=> Never before had she been so happy.

2.

I have never heard such nonsense!
=> Never have I heard such nonsense

3.

I have never seen such a mess in my life.
=> Never in my life have I seen such a mess in my life

4.

Our profits have never been higher than they are this year.
=> Never have our profits been higher than they are this year

5.

The film had never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration.
=> Never before had the film laid on such a sumptuous celebration.

6.

I've never come across such a horrifying film.
=> Never have I come across such a horrifying film.

7.

I've never been so moved by a Shakespeare production.
=> Never have I been so moved by a Shakespeare production.

8.

I had never tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors before.
=> Never before had I tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors

9.

I never go to school late.
=> Never do I go to school late

10.

I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you.
=> Never in my life have I seen anyone as much as you.

11.

I'll never forget you.
=> Never shall I forget you
Câu 2. Dùng RARELY, SELDOM hoặc LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ

1.

One rarely finds good service these day


=> Rarely does one find good service these days
2.

She has rarely travelled more than fifty miles from her village
=> Rarely has she traveled more than fifty miles from her village

3.

Public borrowing has seldom been so high.
=> Seldom public borrowing has been so high

4.

They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony.
=> Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony.

5.

They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success.
=> Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success.

6.

The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent
=> Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent

7.

She didn't realize what would happen to her next.
=> Little did she realize what would happen to her next.

8.

He has seldom seen anything stranger
=> Seldom has he seldom seen anything stranger
Câu 3. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT.

1.

He is my friend as well as yours.
=> Not only is he my friend but also yours

2.

He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me.
=> Not only did he spend all his money but also borrowed some from me

3.

Harry not only broke his leg but also injured his shoulder.
=> Not only did Harry break his leg but also injured his shoulder

4.

He is both intelligent and handsome.
=> Not only is he intelligent but also handsome

5.

She is impatient and dishonest.
=> Not only is she impatient but dishonest as well

6.

The bus not only crashed into a tree, but it also ran over a cat.
=> Not only did the bus crash into a tree but it also ran over a cat.

7.

She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations.
=> Not only did she write the text but also selected the illustrations.

8.

She is not only beautiful but also attractive.
=> Not only is she beautiful but also attractive.

9.

He translated not only fast but also correctly.
=> Not did he translate fast but also correctly.

10.

They are not only good at mathematics but also at science.
=> Not only are they good at mathematics but also at science.


11.

She not only sings but also dances.
=> Not only does she sing but also dances.
Câu 4. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it
means the same as the sentence printed above it.

1.

He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.
=> No sooner had he left the office than the telephone rang.

2.

I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back.
=> Hardly had I just put the phone down when the boss rang back.

3.

He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang.
=> Not until the bell rang did he finish his work

4.

We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months.
=> Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease

5.

A sleeping dog was lying under the table.
=> Under the table was lying a sleeping dog

6.

His brother had rarely been more excited.
=> Rarely had his brother been more excited.

7.

The facts were not all made public until later.
=> Only until later were the facts all made public

8.

If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
=> Had I realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job.
Câu 5. Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it
means the same as the sentence printed above it.

1.

He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired.
=> Only after he retired did he think about having a holiday abroad

2.

I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home.
=> Only when I got home did I realize how dangerous the situation had been.

3.

It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat.
=> Only until last week did the Agriculture Minister admit defeat

4.

I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage.
=> Only after seeing Hamlet on the stage did I understand it.

5.

They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating.
=> Only until they had finished eating did they get around to business.

6.

They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left.
=> Only after they had waited for 12 hours did their flight leave.

7.

I didn’t realize who he was until later.
=> Only later did I realize who he was.


8.

The door could not be opened without using force.
=> Only using force could the door be opened.

9.

I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized.
=> Only until Tom's apologized will I agree.
10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day.
=> Only by training hard every day can you become a good athlete.
Câu 6. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD.

1.

If the Government are forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win.
=> Should the Government be forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win.

2.

If you want to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is free after 9. A.M
=> Should you want to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is free after 9. A.M

3.

If you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.
=> Should you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.

4.

If you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April.
=> Should you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April.

5.

If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.
=> Should we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately.

6.

If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form.
=> Should you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form.

7.

If you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here.
=> Should you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here.
Câu 7. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD

1.

If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing.
=> Were the salary high, the job would be worth doing.

2.

Would you visit me if I were sent to prison?
=> Were I sent to prison would you visit me?

3.

I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop.
=> Had I seen the signal I would have stopped.

4.

If I were rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car.
=> Were I rich and I could afford to buy an expensive car.

5.

If I were you, I would tell him the truth.
=> Were I you, I would tell him the truth

6.

If he weren’t busy right now, he could help them.
=> Were he not busy right now, he could help them.

7.

If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry.


=> Had she said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry.
8.

If the computer hadn’t broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work.
=> Had the computer not broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work.

9.

If he hadn’t been angry, I would have said something.
=> Had I he not been angry, I would have said something.

10.
11.

If his friends hadn’t been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train
=> Had his friends not been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train.
Câu 8. Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO OR SUCH.

1.

The weather is so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach.
=> So beautiful is the weather that we decided to go to the beach.

2.

He is so strong that he can lift the box.
=> So strong is he that he can lift the box.

3.

He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him.
=> Such a lazy boy is he that no one likes him.

4.

He ate so much food that he became ill.
=> So much food did he eat that he became ill.

5.

It is such hot coffee that I can't drink it.
=> Such hot coffee is it that I can't drink it.

6.

He bought so many books that he didn't know where to put them.
=> So many books did he buy that he didn't know where to put them.

7.

She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her.
=> Such a soft voice does she have that everyone likes her.
8 This book is so boring that I couldn’t finish it
=> So boring is this book that I couldn’t finish it.

9.

He was such a fast speaker that we couldn’t understand him.
=> Such a fast speaker was he that we couldn’t understand him.
10.She was so tired that she fell asleep in the armchair.
=> So tired was she that she fell asleep in the armchair.

11.

It was such a foggy day that we couldn’t see the road.
=> Such a foggy day was it that we couldn’t see the road.

12.

This tea is so good that I’ll have another cup.
=> So good is this tea that I’ll have another cup.