Ấn Độ thời Maurya và Gúp-ta

Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Chandragupta
Chandragupta
:
:
321 BCE-298
321 BCE-298
BCE
BCE



Unified northern India.
Unified northern India.



Defeated the Persian
Defeated the Persian
general
general
Seleucus
Seleucus
.
.


Divided his empire into
Divided his empire into
provinces, then districts
provinces, then districts
for tax assessments and law
for tax assessments and law
enforcement.
enforcement.



He feared assassination [like Saddam
He feared assassination [like Saddam
Hussein]
Hussein]


food tasters, slept in different
food tasters, slept in different
rooms, etc.
rooms, etc.



301 BCE
301 BCE


gave up his throne & became
gave up his throne & became

a Jain.
a Jain.
The Maurya Empire
The Maurya Empire
321 BCE – 185 BCE
321 BCE – 185 BCE
Kautilya
Kautilya



Chandragupta’s advisor.
Chandragupta’s advisor.



Brahmin caste.
Brahmin caste.



Wrote
Wrote
The Treatise on
The Treatise on
Material Gain
Material Gain
or the
or the

Arthashastra
Arthashastra
.
.



A guide for the king and his ministers:
A guide for the king and his ministers:



Supports royal power.
Supports royal power.



The great evil in society is
The great evil in society is
anarchy
anarchy
.
.



Therefore, a single authority is
Therefore, a single authority is
needed to employ force when

needed to employ force when
necessary!
necessary!
As oka (304 – 232 BCE)
As oka (304 – 232 BCE)



Religious conversion
Religious conversion
after the gruesome
after the gruesome
battle of
battle of
Kalinga
Kalinga
in
in
262 BCE.
262 BCE.



Dedicated his life to
Dedicated his life to
Buddhism.
Buddhism.


Built extensive roads.
Built extensive roads.



Conflict
Conflict




how to balance Kautilya’s
how to balance Kautilya’s
methods of keeping power
methods of keeping power
and Buddha’s demands to
and Buddha’s demands to
become a selfless person?
become a selfless person?
As oka
As oka
’s
’s
Empir
Empir
e
e
As oka’s law code
As oka’s law code


Edicts scattered in
Edicts scattered in
more than 30 places
more than 30 places
in India, Nepal,
in India, Nepal,
Pakistan, & Afghanistan.
Pakistan, & Afghanistan.



Written mostly in
Written mostly in
Sanskrit, but one was in
Sanskrit, but one was in
Greek and Aramaic.
Greek and Aramaic.



10 rock edicts.
10 rock edicts.



Each pillar [
Each pillar [
stupa

stupa
] is 40’-50’ high.
] is 40’-50’ high.



Buddhist principles dominate his laws.
Buddhist principles dominate his laws.
One
One
of
of
As oka
As oka
’s
’s
Stup
Stup
as
as