Tiếng anh chuyên ngành giáo dục chính trị (dành cho sinh viên đại học giáo dục chính trị)

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUẢNG BÌNH
KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ

GIÁO TRÌNH
(Lưu hành nội bộ)
TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH
(Dành cho sinh viên Đại học Giáo dục chính trị)

Tác giả: Nguyễn Thị Hồng Thắm

Năm 2016
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Unit 1: AN INTRODUCTION INTO MARXISM - LENINISM ....................... 2
Unit 2: THE GOAL OF MARXISM - LENINISM ............................................. 6
Unit 3: COMPONENTS OF MARXISM - LENINISM ...................................... 8
Unit 4: PHILOSOPHICAL THEORY ................................................................ 11
Unit 5: GOVERNMENT ...................................................................................... 13
Unit 6: LAW .......................................................................................................... 15

1


LỜI NÓI ĐẦU
Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Giáo dục chính trị là giáo trình được biên soạn theo
khung chương trình giáo dục đại học ngành Giáo dục chính trị. Giáo trình được
biên soạn theo hướng giới thiệu các từ vựng, thuật ngữ thường được sử dụng
trong chuyên ngành Giáo dục chính trị. Ngoài ra, giáo trình còn giúp sinh viên
củng cố, ôn tập một số điểm ngữ pháp cơ bản trong tiếng Anh. Qua đó, sinh viên

có cơ hội trau dồi vốn từ vựng, ngữ pháp và phát triển các kĩ năng nghe, nói, đọc,
viết thông qua các bài tập vận dụng và thảo luận.
Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Giáo dục chính trị được biên soạn, chọn lọc theo các
chủ đề trong ngành Giáo dục chính trị, giúp sinh viên làm quen với vốn từ vựng
cơ bản trong chuyên ngành và luyện khả năng đọc hiểu và dịch văn bản chuyên
ngành, tạo định hướng nghiên cứu tài liệu chuyên ngành bằng tiếng Anh trong
tương lai.

2


Unit 1: AN INTRODUCTION INTO MARXISM - LENINISM
Marxism–Leninism is a political ideology combining Marxism (the scientific
socialist concepts theorised by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels) and Leninism (Vladimir
Lenin's theoretical expansions of Marxism which include anti-imperialism, democratic
centralism, and Vanguardist party-building principles). Marxism–Leninism was the
official ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and of the Communist
International (1919–1943), making it the guiding ideology of the world communist
movement. As such, it is the most prominent ideology associated with communism.
Marxism-Leninism is usually divided into three parts:(1) a philosophical theory
that encompasses dialectical materialism and historical materialism, (2) Marxian
economic theory, and (3) a sociopolitical theory known as scientific communism.
Values
Marxism–Leninism is a far-left ideology based on principles of class
conflict, egalitarianism, dialectical materialism, rationalism, and social progress. It
is anti-bourgeois, anti-conservative, anti-fascist, anti-imperialist, anti-reactionary, and is
opposed to bourgeois democracy.
Additionally, Marxism–Leninism opposes certain aspects of other forms
of Marxian socialism, including left communism and council communism, as well as
certain aspects of non-Marxist socialist movements, such as anarchism and syndicalism.

A society organised through a vanguard party on Marxist–Leninist principles
seeks to purge anything considered bourgeois, or idealist from it; in addition, it seeks to
achieve universal atheism through the abolition of religious institutions and the
deterioration of religion through the advancement of science.

Part A. Reading comprehension:
I. Match the word in column A with its definition in column B:
Column A

Column B

1. ideology

A. to rid of whatever is impure or undesirable

2. expansion

B. to act against or provide resistance to

3. democracy

C. the study of the nature and origin of ideas

4. communism

D. the theory that physical matter is the only reality and that

5. materialism

everything,including thought, feeling, mind, and will, can be exp

6. conflict

lained in terms of matter and physical phenomena.
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7. oppose

E. government by the people or their elected representatives

8. organize

F. to come into collision or disagreement

9. purge

G. to form as or into a whole consisting of interdependent or

10. religion

coordinated parts, especially for united action
H. the act or process of expanding
I. a theoretical economic system characterized by the
collective ownership of property andby the organization of
labor for the common advantage of all members.
J. a specific fundamental set of beliefs and practices generally
agreed upon by a number of persons

II. Decide whether the following statements are True or False:

Statements

True

1. Marxism–Leninism is a combined
by Marxism and Leninism.
2. Leninism is theorised by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
3. Marxism–Leninism consists of four parts.
4. A sociopolitical theory is known as
scientific communism.
5. Marxism–Leninism is only based on principles of class
conflict and social progress.
6. Marxism–Leninism is anti-conservative and antiimperialist.
7. Marxism–Leninism supports certain aspects of other forms
of Marxian socialism.

4

False


8. Marxist–Leninist seeks to purge anything
considered bourgeois, or idealist.

Part B. Grammar: The present simple tense:
Examples:
Marxism–Leninism is a political ideology combining Marxism (the scientific
socialist concepts theorised by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels) and Leninism (Vladimir
Lenin's theoretical expansions of Marxism which include anti-imperialism, democratic
centralism, and Vanguardist party-building principles).

Marxism–Leninism is a far-left ideology based on principles of class conflict,
egalitarianism, dialectical materialism, rationalism, and social progress.

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Unit 2: THE GOAL OF MARXISM - LENINISM
The goal of Marxism–Leninism is the development of a state into a socialist
republic through the leadership of a revolutionary vanguard composed of "professional"
revolutionaries, an organic part of the working class who come to socialist consciousness as
a result of the dialectic of class struggle. The socialist state, representing a "dictatorship of
the proletariat" (as opposed to of the bourgeoisie) is primarily or exclusively governed by
the party of the revolutionary vanguard through the process of democratic centralism,
which Lenin described as "diversity in discussion, unity in action." Through this policy,
the communist party (or equivalent) is the supreme political institution of the state and
primary force of societal organization. Marxism–Leninism sees the presence of
competition between parties, as an ineffective measure of genuine democracy and rather
asserts that, in a socialist society, pluralism only measures division and dysfunction
within society.
The ultimate goal of Marxism–Leninism is the development of socialism into the
full realization of communism, a classless social system with common ownership of
the means of production and with full social equality of all members of society. To achieve
this goal, the communist party mainly focuses on the intensive development in industry,
science and technology, which lays the basis for continual growth of the productive
forces and there in increases the flow of material wealth. All land and natural resources
are publicly owned and managed through the Marxist–Leninist state, with varying forms
of public ownership of social institutions. In recent decades, Marxist–Leninist states have
incorporated market methods of exchange and expanded the role played by the non-state
sector in developing the national economy, such as China and Vietnam.

Part A. Reading comprehension:
I. Match the word in column A with its definition in column B:
Column A

Column B

1. goal

A. a great quantity or store of money, valuable possessions, property,

2. socialist

orother riches

3. revolutionary

B. an advocate or supporter of socialism.

4. struggle

C. to form into a legal corporation.

5. vanguard

D. the act or process of dividing

6. division

E. the result or achievement toward which effort is directed; aim; end.
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7. ownership

F. to contend with an adversary or opposing force.

8. wealth

G.of, relating to, or affecting a population or a community as a whole

9. public

H. radically new or innovative

10. incorporate

I. the foremost division or the front part of an army
J. legal right of possession

II. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the goal of Marxism–Leninism?
2. By which party is the socialist state primarily or exclusively governed?
3. What does Marxism–Leninism see?
4. What is the ultimate goal of Marxism–Leninism?
5. What does the communist party mainly focus on?
6. What have Marxist–Leninist states done in recent decades?

Part B. Grammar: Passive voice in the present simple tense:
Examples:
The socialist state, representing a "dictatorship of the proletariat" (as opposed to of

the bourgeoisie) is primarily or exclusively governed by the party of the revolutionary
vanguard through the process of democratic centralism, which Lenin described as
"diversity in discussion, unity in action."
All land and natural resources are publicly owned and managed through the
Marxist–Leninist state, with varying forms of public ownership of social institutions.

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Unit 3: COMPONENTS OF MARXISM - LENINISM
Social
Marxism–Leninism supports universal social welfare. Improvements in public
health and education, provision of child care, provision of state-directed social services,
and provision of social benefits are deemed by Marxist–Leninists to help to raise labour
productivity and advance a society in development towards a communist society.
Economic
The economy of a Marxist–Leninist state is a socialist economy, based on workers'
ownership and control of the means of production (i.e., factories, farms, etc.). The state,
being the dictatorship of the proletariat, serves as a safeguard for the ownership and as
the coordinator of production through a universal economic plan. For the purpose of
reducing waste and increasing efficiency, scientific planning replaces market
mechanisms and price mechanisms as the guiding principle of the economy. The
Marxist–Leninist state's huge purchasing power replaces the role of market forces,
with macroeconomic equilibrium not being achieved through market forces but by
economic planning based on scientific assessment. In the socialist economy, the value of
a good or service is based on its use value, rather than its cost of production or its
exchange value. The profit motive as a driving force for production is replaced by social
obligation to fulfill the economic plan. Wages are set and differentiated according to skill
and intensity of work. While socially utilised means of production are under public
control, personal belongings or property of a personal nature that doesn't involve mass

production of goods remains relatively unaffected by the state.
Political system
Marxism–Leninism supports the creation of a single-party state led by a Marxist–
Leninist communist party as a means to develop socialism and then communism. The
political structure of the Marxist–Leninist state involves the rule of a
communist vanguard party over a revolutionary socialist state that represents the will and
rule of the proletariat. Through the policy of democratic centralism, the communist
party is the supreme political institution of the Marxist–Leninist state.
International relations
Marxism–Leninism aims to create an international communist society. It
opposes colonialism and imperialism and advocates decolonisation and anti-colonial
forces. It supports anti-fascist international alliances and has advocated the creation of
"popular fronts" between communist and non-communist anti-fascists against strong
fascist movements.
Theological

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The Marxism-Leninist worldview promotes atheism as a fundamental
tenet. Marxist–Leninist atheism has its roots in the philosophy of Ludwig
Feuerbach, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Marx, and Lenin. Materialism, the
philosophical standpoint that the universe exists independently of human consciousness
consisting of only atoms and physical forces, is central to the worldview of Marxism–
Leninism in the form of dialectical materialism.
Part A. Reading comprehension
I. Match the word in column A with its definition in column B:
Column A

Column B

1. welfare

A.something by which a person is bound or obliged to do certain things,a

2. provision

nd which arises out of a sense of duty or results from custom, law, etc.

3. advance

B. that which a person owns; the possession or possessions of a particular

4. safeguard
5. universal
6. profit

owner
C. advantage; benefit; gain
D.the good fortune, health, happiness, prosperity, etc., of a person,
group, or organization; well-being

7. obligation
E. to help or encourage to exist or flourish; further
8. property
F. to move or bring forward
9. promote
G. the source or origin of a thing
10. root
H.something that serves as a protection or defense or that ensure safety.

I. of, relating to, or characteristic of all or the whole
J.the providing or supplying of something, especially of food or other
necessities.
II. Choose the best answer:
1. Marxism–Leninism consists of ……………components?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
2. ……………… are deemed by Marxist–Leninists.
A. Improvements in public health and education,
B. Provision of child care and state-directed social services
C. Provision of social benefits
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D. 6


D. All are correct
3. The economy of a Marxist–Leninist state is based on …………….
A. workers' ownership
B. authority's ownership
C. control of the means of production
D. A & C are correct
4. The state serves as a …………… for the ownership and as the coordinator of
production through a universal economic plan.
A. boss
B. safeguard
C. father
D. servant
5. For the purpose of reducing waste and increasing efficiency, ………….planning

replaces market mechanisms and price mechanisms.
A. science
B. scientist
C. scientific
D. scientifically
6. The Marxist–Leninist state's huge purchasing power replaces the role of ……………
A. market forces
B. workforce
C. value
D. price
7. In the socialist economy, the value of a good or service is based on its …………,
rather than its cost of production or its exchange value.
A. material cost
B. use value
C. value use
D. cost material
8. Wages are set and differentiated according to ……….. and intensity of work.
A. job title
B. working place C. skill
D. strength
9. Marxism–Leninism supports the creation of a ………….. state led by a Marxist–
Leninist communist party as a means to develop socialism and then communism.
A. single-party
B. double-party
C. multiparty
D. no party
10. Marxism–Leninism ……….….. colonialism and imperialism and ……………. anti
fascist international alliances.
A. supports, opposes
B. objects to, supports

C. supports, follows

D. follows, supports

II. Grammar: To-infinitive:
Examples:
Provision of social benefits are deemed by Marxist–Leninists to help to raise
labour productivity and advance a society in development towards a communist society.
Marxism–Leninism aims to create an international communist society.

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Unit 4: PHILOSOPHICAL THEORY
Dialectical materialism consists of an ontology that defines matter, the principles
and categories of reality, and the three laws of dialectic; an epistemology that deals with
the relation of mind and being; and the dialectic method, which treats laws and categories
of the dialectic as normative rules of thought.
Historical materialism is claimed to be the application of dialectical materialism to
history. As a philosophy of history it assumes history to be law-governed, distinguishes
the determining factors (base) from the determined factors (superstructure) in social life,
and describes the five stages of history and the laws of transition between them. Marxian
economic theory deals mostly with the nature of capitalism and its inevitable selfdestruction.

Part A. Reading comprehension:
I. Match the word in column A with its definition in column B:
Column A

Column B

1. ontology

A.an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the

2. reality

means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made

3. epistemology

andmaintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especi

4. normative

ally ascontrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.

5. assume
6. distinguish

B.the branch of metaphysics that studies the nature of existence or
being as such.

7. determine
8. describe

C. movement, passage, or change from one position, state, stage,

9. transition

subject, concept, etc., to another; change

10. capitalism

D. a branch of philosophy that investigates the origin, nature,
methods, and limits of human knowledge.
E. to recognize as distinct or different
F. to take for granted or without proof
G. to tell or depict in written or spoken words
H. the state or quality of being real c.
I.eflecting the assumption of such a norm or favoring its establishment
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J.to settle or decide (a dispute, question, etc.) by an authoritative
or conclusive decision.
II. Answer the following questions:
1. What does an ontology define?
2. How many laws are there in dialectic?
3. What does the dialectic method treat?
4. What is historical materialism claimed to be?
5. What does Marxian economic theory deal with?

Part B. Grammar: Relative clauses:
Examples:
Dialectical materialism consists of an ontology that defines matter, the
principles and categories of reality, and the three laws of dialectic; an epistemology
that deals with the relation of mind and being; and the dialectic method, which
treats laws and categories of the dialectic as normative rules of thought.

12

Unit 5: GOVERNMENT
A government is the system by which a state or community is controlled. In
the Commonwealth of Nations, the word government is also used more narrowly to refer
to the collective group of people that exercises executive authority in a state. This usage
is analogous to what is called an "administration" in American English. Furthermore,
especially in American English, the concepts of the state and the government may be
used synonymously to refer to the person or group of people exercising authority over a
politically organized territory. Finally, government is also sometimes used in English as
a synonym for governance.
In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists
of legislators, administrators, and arbitrators. Government is the means by which state
policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state. A
form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political systems and
institutions that make up the organization of a specific government.
Government of any kind currently affects every human activity in many important ways.
For this reason, political scientists generally argue that government should not be studied by
itself; but should be studied along with anthropology, economics, environmentalism,
history, philosophy, science, and sociology.
Part A. Reading comprehension:
I. Match the word in column A with its definition in column B
Column A

Column B

1. state

A.a person or body of persons in whom authority is vested, as a

2. authority

governmental agency.

3. analogous
4. administration
5. territory
6. associative

B.the science that deals with the origins, physical and culturaldevelop
ment, biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs
of humankind.

7. arbitrator

C.the critical study of the basic principles and concepts of a particula

8. argue

rbranch of knowledge, especially with a view to improving orreconsti

9. anthropology

tuting them

10. philosophy

D.a politically unified people occupying a definite territory; nation.
E. having analogy; corresponding in some particular
F.the management of any office, business, or organization; direction.

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G. any tract of land; region or district.
H. tending to associate or unite.
I. to present reasons for or against a thing
J.a person chosen to decide a dispute or settle differences, especially
one formally empowered to examine the facts and decide the issue
II. Decide whether the following statements are True or False
Statements

True

False

1. A government is the system by which local area is
controlled.
2. In the Commonwealth of Nations, government refers to
the collective group of people that exercises executive
authority in a state.
3. Government is the synonym of governance.
4. Government normally consists of legislators and arbitrators.
5. Government is the means by which state policy is enforced,
as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state.
6. A form of government refers to the set of political systems
and institutions that make up the organization of a specific
government.
7. Government of any kind currently does not affect every
human activity.
8. Government should be studied by itself.

Part B. Grammar: Relative pronoun with preposition:
A government is the system by which a state or community is controlled.
Government is the means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the
mechanism for determining the policy of the state.

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Unit 6: LAW
Law is a system of rules that are enforced through social institutions to govern
behavior. Laws can be made by legislatures through legislation (resulting in statutes), the
executive through decrees and regulations, or judges through binding precedent
(normally in common law jurisdictions). Private individuals can create legally binding
contracts, including (in some jurisdictions) arbitration agreements that may elect to
accept alternative arbitration to the normal court process. The formation of laws
themselves may be influenced by a constitution (written or unwritten) and the rights
encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways
and serves as a mediator of relations between people.
The adjudication of the law is generally divided into two main areas referred to as
(i) Criminal law and (ii) Civil law. Criminal law deals with conduct that is considered
harmful to social order and in which the guilty party may be imprisoned or fined. Civil
law (not to be confused with civil law jurisdictions above) deals with the resolution
of lawsuits (disputes) between individuals or organizations.
Law provides a rich source of scholarly inquiry into legal history, philosophy,
economic analysis and sociology. Law also raises important and complex issues
concerning equality, fairness, and justice.

Part A. Reading comprehension:
I. Match the word in column A with its definition in column B

Column A

Column B

1. rule

A. an agreement between two or more parties for the doing or not

2. enforce

doing of something specified.

3. legislation

B. to confine in or as if in a prison

4. regulation

C. to choose or select by vote, as for an office

5. contract

D. to put or keep in force; compel obedience to

6. elect

E. the quality of being just; righteousness, equitableness, or

7. mediator

moral rightness

8. imprison

F. the act of making or enacting laws

9. resolution

G. a law, rule, or other order prescribed by authority, especially

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10. justice

to regulate conduct.
H. a person who mediates, especially between parties at variance
I. a principle or regulation governing conduct, action, procedure,
arrangement, etc.
J. a formal expression of opinion or intention made, usually after
voting,by a formal organization, a legislature, a club, or other group

II. Answer the following questions:
1. What is Law?
2. What can private individuals do?
3. What may the formation of laws be influenced by?
4. What does the law shape?
5. How many areas is the adjudication of the divided?
6. What does Law provide?
7. What does Law raise?

Part B. Grammar: Phrases indicate purposes:
Examples:
Law is a system of rules that are enforced through social institutions to govern
behavior.
Private individuals can create legally binding contracts, including (in some
jurisdictions) arbitration agreements that may elect to accept alternative arbitration to the
normal court process.

16


REFERENCES
1. Phùng Thị Loan (2014), Tài liệu bài giảng Pháp luật học, Trường đại học
Quảng Bình.
2. Nguyễn Thị Anh Khuyên (2013), Bài giảng Nguyên lý 1, Trường đại học Quảng
Bình.
3. Nguyễn Thị Như Nguyệt (2013), Tài liệu bài giảng Chính trị học, Trường đại
học Quảng Bình.
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