Bảng thế điện cực chuẩn

° (V)

Half-reaction
3

⁄2 N2(g) +  H+ +  e−

Li+ +  e−

HN3(aq)

−3.09
−3.0401

Li(s)

N2(g) + 4 H2O + 2 e−

2 NH2OH(aq) + 2 OH−

−3.04

Cs+ +  e−

Cs(s)

−3.026

Rb+ +  e−

Rb(s)

−2.98

K+ +  e−

K(s)

−2.931

Ba2+ + 2 e−

−2.912

Ba(s)

La(OH)3(s) + 3 e−

La(s) + 3 OH−

−2.90

Sr2+ + 2 e−

Sr(s)

−2.899

Ca2+ + 2 e−

Ca(s)

−2.868

Eu2+ + 2 e−

Eu(s)

−2.812

Ra2+ + 2 e−

Ra(s)

−2.8

Na+ +  e−

−2.71

Na(s)

Sc3++ + 3 e−

Sc(s)

−2.077

La3+ + 3 e−

La(s)

−2.379

Y3+ + 3 e−
Mg2+ + 2 e−

−2.372

Y(s)

−2.372

Mg(s)

ZrO(OH)2(s) +  H2O + 4 e−
Al(OH)4− + 3 e−

Zr(s) + 4 OH−

Al(s) + 4 OH−

Al(OH)3(s) + 3 e−

Al(s) + 3 OH−

−2.36
−2.33
−2.31

H2(g) + 2 e−

2 H−

−2.25

Ac3+ + 3 e−

Ac(s)

−2.20


Be2+ + 2 e−

−1.85

Be(s)

U3+ + 3 e−

U(s)

−1.66

Al3+ + 3 e−

Al(s)

−1.66

Ti2+ + 2 e−

Ti(s)

−1.63

ZrO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−

Zr(s) + 2 H2O

−1.553

Zr4+ + 4 e−

Zr(s)

−1.45

Ti3+ + 3 e−

Ti(s)

−1.37

TiO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

Ti(s) +  H2O

Ti2O3(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
Zn(OH)42− + 2 e−

Mn2+ + 2 e−

2 TiO(s) +  H2O

Zn(s) + 4 OH−

Fe(CN)64− + 6 H+ + 2  e−

V2+ + 2 e−

Fe(s) + 4HCN(aq)

Te2−

−1.099

Sn(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−

SnH4(g)

SiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−

Si(s) + 2 H2O

B(OH)3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e−

2  H2O + 2 e−

B(s) + 3 H2O

Fe(s) + 2 OH−

Fe2O3(s) + 3 H2O + 2 e−
TiO2+ + 2 H+ + 4 e−

Ti(s) +  H2O

BiH3

−1.07
−0.91
−0.89
−0.89

2Fe(OH)2(s) + 2 OH− −0.86

H2(g) + 2 OH−

Bi(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e−

−1.16

−1.13

Nb(s)

Fe(OH)2(s) + 2 e−

−1.199

−1.143

V(s)

Nb3+ + 3 e−

−1.23

−1.185

Mn(s)

Te(s) + 2 e−

−1.31

−0.86
−0.8277
−0.8


Zn2+ + 2 e−

Zn(Hg)

−0.7628

Zn2+ + 2 e−

Zn(s)

−0.7618

Ta2O5(s) + 10 H+ + 10 e−
Cr3+ + 3 e−

Au(s) + 2 CN−

Pb(s) + 2 OH−

2 TiO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

U4+ +  e−

−0.60
−0.6

Ta(s)

PbO(s) +  H2O + 2 e−

Ga3+ + 3 e−

−0.75
−0.74

Cr(s)

[Au(CN)2]− +  e−
Ta3+ + 3 e−

2 Ta(s) + 5 H2O

Ti2O3(s) +  H2O

−0.58
−0.56
−0.53

Ga(s)
U3+

−0.52

H3PO2(aq) +  H+ +  e−

P(white) + 2 H2O

−0.508

H3PO3(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

H3PO2(aq) +  H2O

−0.499

H3PO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e−

P(red) + 3 H2O

−0.454

Fe2+ + 2 e−

2 CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
Cr3+ +  e−
Cd2+ + 2 e−

−0.44

Fe(s)
HOOCCOOH(aq)

Cr2+

−0.43
−0.42
−0.40

Cd(s)

GeO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

GeO(s) +  H2O

−0.37

Cu2O(s) +  H2O + 2 e−

2 Cu(s) + 2 OH−

−0.360

PbSO4(s) + 2 e−

Pb(s) + SO42−

−0.3588

PbSO4(s) + 2 e−

Pb(Hg) + SO42−

−0.3505

Eu3+ +  e−

Eu2+

−0.35

In3+ + 3 e−

In(s)

−0.34


Tl+ +  e−

−0.34

Tl(s)

Ge(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−
Co2+ + 2 e−

GeH4(g)

−0.28

Co(s)

H3PO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
V3+ +  e−

AgI(s) +  e−

−0.25

Ni(s)
AsH3(g)

Ag(s) + I−

MoO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−
Si(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−

Mo(s) + 2 H2O

SiH4(g)

−0.23
−0.15224
−0.15
−0.14
−0.13

Sn(s)

O2(g) +  H+ +  e−
Pb2+ + 2 e−

−0.276
−0.26

As(s) + 3 H+ + 3 e−

Sn2+ + 2 e−

H3PO3(aq) +  H2O

V2+

Ni2+ + 2 e−

−0.29

HO2•(aq)

−0.13

Pb(s)

WO2(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−

W(s) + 2 H2O

P(red) + 3 H+ + 3 e−

PH3(g)

CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
Se(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

−0.13

HCOOH(aq)
H2Se(g)

−0.12
−0.111
−0.11
−0.11

CO2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

CO(g) +  H2O

−0.11

SnO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

Sn(s) +  H2O

−0.10

SnO2(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

SnO(s) +  H2O

−0.09

WO3(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e−

W(s) + 3 H2O

−0.09

P(white) + 3 H+ + 3 e−

PH3(g)

−0.063

Fe3+ + 3 e−

Fe(s)

−0.04

HCOOH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
2 H+ + 2 e−

HCHO(aq) +  H2O −0.03
0.0000 ≡ 0

H2(g)

AgBr(s) +  e−

Ag(s) + Br−

+0.07133

S4O62− + 2 e−

2 S2O32−

+0.08

Fe3O4(s) + 8 H+ + 8 e−

3 Fe(s) + 4 H2O

N2(g) + 2 H2O + 6 H+ + 6 e−
HgO(s) +  H2O + 2 e−

2 NH4OH(aq)

Hg(l) + 2 OH−

+0.085
+0.092
+0.0977

Cu(NH3)42+ +  e−

Cu(NH3)2+ + 2 NH3

+0.10

Ru(NH3)63+ +  e−

Ru(NH3)62+

+0.10

N2H4(aq) + 4 H2O + 2 e−

2 NH4+ + 4 OH−

H2MoO4(aq) + 6 H+ + 6 e−
Ge4+ + 4 e−

Ge(s)
CH4(g)

HCHO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

S(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
Sn4+ + 2 e−

CH3OH(aq)

H2S(g)

Sn2+

HSO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e−

TiO2+ + 2 H+ +  e−
SbO+ + 2 H+ + 3 e−
AgCl(s) +  e−

+0.13
+0.14

+0.159
SO2(aq) + 2 H2O

UO2+

SO42− + 4 H+ + 2 e−

+0.13

+0.15

Cu+

UO22+ +  e−

+0.11
+0.12

C(s) + 4 H+ + 4 e−

Cu2+ +  e−

Mo(s) + 4 H2O

+0.11

+0.16
+0.163

SO2(aq) + 2 H2O
Ti3+ +  H2O
Sb(s) +  H2O

Ag(s) + Cl−

+0.17
+0.19
+0.20
+0.22233


H3AsO3(aq) + 3 H+ + 3 e−

GeO(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
UO2+ + 4 H+ +  e−

As(s) + 3 H2O

Ge(s) +  H2O

U4+ + 2 H2O

+0.24
+0.26
+0.273

Re3+ + 3 e−

Re(s)

+0.300

Bi3+ + 3 e−

Bi(s)

+0.308

VO2+ + 2 H+ +  e−
Cu2+ + 2 e−

V3+ +  H2O

Cu(s)

[Fe(CN)6]3− +  e−

+0.340
[Fe(CN)6]4−

O2(g) + 2 H2O + 4 e−
H2MoO4 + 6 H+ + 3 e−

4 OH−(aq)
Mo3+ + 2 H2O

CH3OH(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
SO2(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e−
Cu+ +  e−

S(s) + 2 H2O

C(s) +  H2O

+0.43
+0.50
+0.50

+0.52

+0.54

Au(s) + 4 I−

H3AsO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
[AuI2]− +  e−

+0.40

+0.53

2 I−

[AuI4]− + 3 e−

+0.36

+0.520

3 I−

I2(s) + 2 e−

+0.56
H3AsO3(aq) +  H2O +0.56

Au(s) + 2 I−

MnO4− + 2 H2O + 3 e−
S2O32 − + 6 H+ + 4 e−
Fc+ +  e−

CH4(g) +  H2O

Cu(s)

CO(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
I3− + 2 e−

+0.34

+0.58

MnO2(s) + 4 OH−
2 S(s) + 3 H2O

Fc(s)

H2MoO4(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

+0.59
+0.60
+0.641

MoO2(s) + 2 H2O

+0.65


+ 2 H+ + 2 e−
O2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
Tl3+ + 3 e−

+0.6992

 H2O2(aq)

Tl(s)

PtCl62− + 2 e−

+0.72

PtCl42− + 2 Cl−

H2SeO3(aq) + 4 H+ + 4 e−
PtCl42− + 2 e−

+0.70

Se(s) + 3 H2O

Pt(s) + 4 Cl−

+0.726
+0.74
+0.758

Fe3+ +  e−

Fe2+

+0.77

Ag+ +  e−

Ag(s)

+0.7996

Hg22+ + 2 e−

2 Hg(l)

NO3−(aq) + 2 H+ +  e−

+0.80
NO2(g) +  H2O

2FeO42− + 5 H2O + 6 e−
[AuBr4]− + 3 e−
Hg2+ + 2 e−

Au(s) + 4 Br−

Hg(l)

MnO4− +  H+ +  e−
2 Hg2+ + 2 e−
Pd2+ + 2 e−

Fe2O3(s) + 10  OH−

HMnO4−

+0.91
+0.915

Au(s) + 4 Cl−

MnO2(s) + 4 H+ +  e−

Mn3+ + 2 H2O

Au(s) + 2 Br−

[HXeO6]3− + 2 H2O + 2 e− +
H6TeO6(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
Br2(l) + 2 e−

2 Br−

+0.85

+0.90

Pd(s)

[AuBr2]− +  e−

+0.81

+0.85

Hg22+

[AuCl4]− + 3 e−

+0.80

+0.93
+0.95
+0.96

[HXeO4]− + 4  OH− +0.99
TeO2(s) + 4 H2O

+1.02
+1.066


Br2(aq) + 2 e−

2 Br−

IO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e−
[AuCl2]− +  e−

+1.0873

HIO(aq) + 2 H2O

Au(s) + 2 Cl−

+1.13
+1.15

HSeO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e−

H2SeO3(aq) +  H2O

+1.15

Ag2O(s) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

2 Ag(s) +  H2O

+1.17

ClO3− + 2 H+ +  e−

ClO2(g) +  H2O

[HXeO6]3− + 5 H2O + 8  e−
Pt2+ + 2 e−

Xe(g) + 11 OH−

Pt(s)

ClO2(g) +  H+ +  e−

+1.18

+1.18
+1.188

HClO2(aq)

2 IO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e−

I2(s) + 6 H2O

+1.19
+1.20

ClO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e−

ClO3− +  H2O

+1.20

O2(g) + 4 H+ + 4 e−

2 H2O

+1.229

MnO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e−

Mn2+ + 2 H2O

[HXeO4]− + 3 H2O + 6  e−
Tl3+ + 2 e−

Xe(g) + 7 OH−

Tl+

+1.24
+1.25

Cr2O72− + 14 H+ + 6 e−
Cl2(g) + 2 e−

+1.23

2 Cr3+ + 7 H2O

2 Cl−

+1.33
+1.36

CoO2(s) + 4 H+ +  e−

Co3+ + 2 H2O

+1.42

2 NH3O H+ +  H+ + 2 e−

N2H5+ + 2 H2O

+1.42

2 HIO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

I2(s) + 2 H2O

+1.44

Ce4+ +  e−

Ce3+

BrO3− + 5 H+ + 4 e−

+1.44
HBrO(aq) + 2 H2O

β-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e−

Pb2+ + 2 H2O

+1.45
+1.460


α-PbO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e−

Pb2+ + 2 H2O

+1.468

2 BrO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e−

Br2(l) + 6 H2O

+1.48

2ClO3− + 12 H+ + 10 e−

Cl2(g) + 6 H2O

+1.49

MnO4− + 8 H+ + 5 e−
HO2• +  H+ +  e−
Au3+ + 3 e−

Mn2+ + 4 H2O

 H2O2(aq)

+1.51

Au(s)

+1.52

NiO2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e−

Ni2+ + 2 OH−

2 HClO(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
Ag2O3(s) + 6 H+ + 4 e−

Cl2(g) + 2 H2O
2 Ag+ + 3 H2O

HClO2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
Pb4+ + 2 e−

+1.51

HClO(aq) +  H2O

Pb2+

+1.59
+1.63
+1.67
+1.67
+1.69

MnO4− + 4 H+ + 3 e−

MnO2(s) + 2 H2O

+1.70

AgO(s) + 2 H+ +  e−

Ag+ +  H2O

+1.77  

H2O2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
Co3+ +  e−

Co2+ +1.82 Au+ +  e−

BrO4− + 2 H+ + 2 e−
Ag2+ +  e−

2 H2O

+1.78
Au(s)

BrO3− +  H2O

Ag+

S2O82− + 2 e−

+1.85
+1.98

2 SO42−

O3(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

+1.83

+2.010

O2(g) +  H2O

+2.075

HMnO4− + 3 H+ + 2 e−

MnO2(s) + 2 H2O

+2.09

XeO3(aq) + 6 H+ + 6  e−

Xe(g) + 3 H2O

+2.12

H4XeO6(aq) + 8 H+ + 8  e−
FeO42− + 3 e− + 8 H+

Xe(g) + 6  H2O

Fe3+ + 4 H2O

+2.18
+2.20

XeF2(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

Xe(g) + 2HF(aq)

H4XeO6(aq) + 2 H+ + 2 e−
F2(g) + 2 e−

XeO3(aq) +  H2O

2 F−

F2(g) + 2 H+ + 2 e−

+2.32
+2.42
+2.87

2 HF(aq)

+3.05

TLTK:
Vanýsek, Petr (2011). “Electrochemical Series”, in Handbook of Chemistry and
Physics: 92nd Edition (Chemical Rubber Company).
David R. Lide, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Internet Version
2005
Bard, A.J., Faulkner, L.R.(2001). Electrochemical Methods. Fundamentals and
Applications, 2nd edition (John Wiley and Sons Inc)
Gordon Aylward & Tristan Findlay (2008). "SI Chemical Data", 6th edition (John

Wiley & Sons, Australia)
Bard, A. J., Parsons, R., and Jordan, J. (1985). Standard Potentials in Aqueous
Solutions (Marcel Dekker, New York).
Marcel Pourbaix (1966). Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions
(NACE International, Houston, Texas; Cebelcor, Brussels).
Connelly, Neil G.; Geiger, William E. (1 January 1996). "Chemical Redox Agents
for Organometallic Chemistry". Chemical Reviews 96 (2): 877–910.