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Gia sư Thành Được

Content
1. 12 tenses
2. subject and verb agreement
3. connectors
4. Relative clauses
5. Comparison
6. Passive
7. Reported speech
8. Gerund & to-infinitive
9. Conditional sentences
10. Wish
11. Article & reflecxive pronouns
12. Order of adjectives
13. Because / because of
14. Preposition
15. Inversion
16. Câu đàm thoại
17. so / such …… that ….
18. It + takes/ took + O + Ktg + to-inf
19. S + would rather ….
20. The last time + S + V2 … was + ktg + ago
21. S + modal + have + V3 …..
22. as if / as though
23. Much/ adj/ adv as / though + S + V
24. It is (about/ high) time + S + V2
25. no sooner … than
26. It + be + adj + (for /of O ) + to-inf …
27. friendly to/ with
28. Extra object

29. prefer + to-inf / Ving
30. would you mind
31. It is + adj + that + S + (should) + V0 …
32. There + be + N + left / available
33. It was when + clause + that + clause
34. S + began / started + to V0 when + S + V2
35. It was not until + S + V2 + that + S‘ + V2 …
36. not only … but also
37. be about to do sth
38. It‘s no good/ use + Ving

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Content
39. there is no point in + Ving
40. There is a ban on + sth
There is an increase in + sth
There is a decrease in + sth
41. Whatever/ Whenever/ However
42. This is the first time
43. otherwise
44. no longer
45. noun compound

46. adj compound
47. Roots and suffixes
48. Question tags
49. Common phrasal verb 1
50. Common phrasal verb 2
51. Word distinction
52. Irregular verb
53. PHRASAL VERBS: 12 CB
54. number
55. Hướng dẫn làm trắc nghiệm

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1. Simple present:
a) Động từ thường:

Ex:

KĐ: S + V1 (s /es)
PĐ: S + do / does + not +
V1
NV: Do / Does + S
+ V1 …?
The sun rises in the east
She doesn‘t cook every day.
Do they often visit their aunt?

I, you, we, they → do
He, she, it
→ does

KĐ: S + am / is /are + adj ….
PĐ: S + am /is / are + not + adj
…
NV: Am / is / are + S + adj …?

I
→ am
He, she, it
→ is
You, we, they → are

b) Động từ ―To BE‖ :

Ex:

English is the international language.
She isn‘t at home now.
Where are you from?

Dùng để diễn đạt:
 thói quen hiện tại
 câu phát biểu tổng quát, sự thật hiển nhiên, chân lý
 cảm giác trạng thái ở hiện tại
Các trạng từ thời gian đi với thì hiện tại đơn:
-

every (day/ week / month/ year)
always (luôn luôn)
usually ( thường xuyên)
often (thường)
sometimes = occasionally = at times (thỉnh thoảng)
seldom
(ít khi)
rarely (hiếm khi)
normally
(thông thường)
never (không bao giờ)
all the time (luôn luôn) = at all times

Các động- từ
chỉ trạng

thái cảm giác, cảm xúc, giác quan, sở hữu :
seldom
(ít khi)

-

rarely

(hiếm khi)

feel * (cảm
- seem
( dường
như)
- look * (trông có vẻ)
- thấy)
normally
(thông
thường)
be (thì là -ở) never
- think
(nghó là)
- have (có) = possess (sở
(không
bao* giờ)
hữu) = own
- all the time
(luôn luôn) = at all times
know (biết)
- understand ( hiểu)

- forget (quên)
remember (nhớ)
- like (thích)
- hate (ghét)
Ex: I think you are right. (but: I‘m thinking of this exercise)
Your hands feel cold. (but: I‘m feeling cold)
At present he has three cars.
2. Present continuous:

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KĐ: S + am / is / are + Ving …
PĐ: S + am / is / are + not + Ving …
NV: Am / Is ? Are + S + Ving …?
Ex:

She is studying English now.
They aren‘t singing at present.
What are you doing now?

Dùng để diễn đạt:
 Hành động diễn ra ở hiện tại.
 Dự đònh trong tương lai.
Các trạng từ thời gian đi với thì HTTD
-

now
: bây giờ
right now
: ngay bây giờ
at present
: hiện tại
at the moment: ngay lúc này
this week / month / year : tuần / tháng / năm này
these days
: những ngày này

Ex: They are visiting their aunt next month.
3. Simple past:
a) Động từ thường:
KĐ: S + V2 …
PĐ: S + did not + V1 …
NV: Did + S + V1 …?
Ex:

Columbus discovered South America in 1492.
We saw him yesterday.
The boy used to play football.
b) Động từ ―To be‖
KĐ: S + was/ were + adj
PĐ: S + was/ were + adj
NV: Was/ Were + S + adj…?
Ex:

It was hot yesterday.
They were on business last week.

Cách dùng:
 hành độâng xảy ra ở thời gian rõ ràng trong quá khứ.
 Thói quen trong quá khứ.

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Các trạng từ đi với thì QKĐ:
-

Yesterday
last week / month / year
Two weeks ago
In 1995

: hôm qua
: tuần / tháng / năm trước
: 2 tuần cách nay
: năm 1995

4. Past continuous:

KĐ: S + was /were + Ving …
PĐ: S + was / were + not + Ving …
NV: Was / Were + S + Ving … ?

Ex:
She was cooking at 6 pm yesterday.
Cách dùng:
 Hành động xảy ra tại thời điểm trong qúa khứ (thường có 2 yếu tố thời gian)
Các trạng từ đi với thì QKĐ:

- at 8 o‟clock yesterday
- this time last year

: vào lúc tám giờ hôm qua
: giờ này năm trước

Liên từ đi với thì QTĐ: when / while
Ex: My aunt came when we were having dinner yesterday.
They were watching TV while their mother was cooking in the kitchen.
5. Simple future:
KĐ: S + will / shall + V0
PĐ: S + will / shall + not + V0
NV: Will / Shall + S + V0 ?
Ex:

We will go to the zoo tomorrow.
He won‘t do that again.
Will he come back in 2010?

Cách dùng:
 hành động sẽ làm trong tương lai.
 Lời hứa, sự quyết tâm, lời yêu cầu lòch sự, sự mong mỏi.
Các trạng từ đi với thì TLĐ:
- tomorrow

: ngày mai
- next week / month / year : tuần / tháng / năm tới
Các liên từ đi với thì tương lai:
o TLĐ as soon as HTĐ / HTHT
o TLĐ until HTĐ / HTHT
6. Future continuous
KĐ: S + will / shall + be + Ving
PĐ: S + will / shall + not + be + Ving
NV: Will / Shall + S + be + Ving ?
Ex: My mother will be going to market at 9 o‘clock tomorrow.
Cách dùng:
- hành độâng diễn ra tại 1 thời điểm trong tương lai.

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- hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai theo như lệ thường.
Các trạng từ đi với thì TLTD:
- this time next year
- at 8 o’clock tomorrow
Ex: This time tomorrow we shall be swimming at the beach.
He will be studying English tomorrow morning.
7. Present Perfect:
KĐ : S + has/have + V3
PĐ : S + has/have + not + V3
NV : Has/Have

+S
+ V3 ?
Ex:

Ms Mai has already finished the work.
We haven‘t seen him recently.
Have you ever been to Canada?

Cách dùng:
 hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại; và có thể tiếp diễn đến tương lai.
 Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không rõ thời gian.
 Hành động vừa mới xảy ra.
Các trạng từ và giới từ đi với thì HTHT:
-

recently = lately : gần đây
already
:đã
just
: vừa mới
until now = up to now = up to the present = so far: cho đến nay
(not) … yet
: chưa
never
: chưa bao giờ
ever
: đã từng
before
: trước (đây)

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8.

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Present perfect continuous :
KĐ : S + has/have + been + ving
PĐ : S + has/have not + been + ving
NV : Has/Have + S + been + ving ?

Ex:
I have been waiting for you for nearly an hour.
Giống như thì HTHT nhưng nhấn mạnh tính liên tục.
9. Past Perfect:
KĐ : S + had + V3
PĐ : S + had not + V3
NV : Had + S + V3 ?
Ex:

We had finished school before 1990.
They had studied English before they began to go to work.
Cách dùng:
 1 hành đông chấm dứt trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ.
 Hành động chấm dứt trước 1 thới diểm trong quá khứ.
Các từ đi với thì QKHT:
o QKHT + before + QKĐ
o QKĐ + after + QKHT

o QKĐ + as soon as + QKĐ/ QKHT
o QKĐ + until + QKĐ/ QKHT
Ex: He got a job after he had finished high school.
10. Past perfect continuous :
KĐ : S + had + been + Ving
PĐ : S + had not + been + Ving
NV : Had + S + been + Ving ?
 Giống như thì QKHT nhưng nhấn mạnh tính liên tục.
Ex: The teacher had been teaching for 10 years before you entered this school.
11. Future perfect :
KĐ : S + shall/will + have + V3
PĐ : S + shall/will not + have + V3
NV : Shall/Will + S + have + V3 ?
Ex: He will have come back by the end of this month.
Cách dùng:
 hành động xảy ra trước hành động khác trong tương lai.
Các từ đi với thì TLHT:
- TLHT + by the time / before + HTĐ
Ex:
The boy will have finished his homework by tomorrow.
My mother will have cooked dinner by the time we come back.

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12.

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Future perfect continuous :
KĐ : S + shall/will + have been + Ving
PĐ : S + shall/will not + have been + Ving
NV : Shall/Will + S + have been + Ving ?

Ex: They will have been living in this city for 10 years by next December.
 Giống như thì TLHT nhưng nhấn mạnh tính liên tục.
13. Các biểu đồ sau diễn đạt thì nào:

1. a

X X X

X X X

3. a

X

3. b

X

X

X

2. b

X

X

4. a

4. b

X

5. b

5. a

X

2. a

1. b

X

X

6. a

6. b

X

X X X

14. Những cấu trúc cần ghi nhớ trong chia thì:
A. 3 nguyên tắc vàng:
1.
Will / Shall + V0
2.
Be + V3 / Ving
3.
Have + V3
- Sau ―will‖ cho dù là thí nào ở dạng nào, thí vẫn là V0:
Thí dụ : They will take me to the beach tomorrow.
I will be taken to the beach tomorrow.
She will have finished her project by the end of this month.
- Sau ―be‖ không thể có V1, hoặc V2
- Sau ―have‖ không thể có V1, hoặc V2

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B. 4 thì cần ghi nhớ: Đó là: Thì hiện tại đơn, quá khứ đơn, hiện tại hoàn thành, hiện
tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn.
Từ 4 thì này ta có thể suy ra các thì khác theo biểu đồ sau (kết hợp với 3 nguyên tắc vàng)

V1 (s/es)

will +

am /is / are +
Ving

Have / has +
V3

Have/ has + been
Ving

+

+

+ been

Ving

V3

Ving

will +

will +

will +

3.

4.

II. Dùng biểu đồ để diễn đạt cách dùng của các thì:

1.

X X X

2.

X X X

5.

X

6.

X

X

7.

8.

X

X

X

9.

X

10.

X

11.

X

X
X

X

12.

X

X

X

Thí dụ: - I often watch television at night.
- I have studied English for eight years.
- I will go to university next year.

- I will have left my high school by June.
II. Các quy tắc:
1. Thêm s/ es:
a) thêm es : các động từ kết thúc có âm gió: ch, x, z , sh và phụ âm + y / o
Ex: washes, glasses, watches, fizzes,
studies, goes
b) thêm s: các động từ còn lại:
Ex: works, sees, hears, sings, pays
→ The spell: ____________________________________________________________
2. Thêm ing:
a) động từ kết thúc là: phụ âm + e (câm): → bỏ e
Ex: hate → hating, come → coming, change → changing
b) động từ 1 âm tiết kết thúc là: 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm → gấp đôi phụ âm

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Ex: sit → sitting,
run → running sip → sipping
c) động từ 2 âm tiết, trọng âm ở vần 2 kết thúc là: 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm → gấp đôi
phụ âm
Ex: begin → beginning
prefer → preferring
d) động từ còn lại: chỉ thêm ing
Ex: meeting, missing, playing, talking, going
c. Qui tắc đọc ‗ed‘:

- Các âm: k, p, tS, s, S, (x), f
+ ed → / t / (k, p,ch, s, sh, x, f, gh, ce)
- Các âm: t, d
+ ed → / id / (đặc biệt: wicked, naked, hatred, learned, beloved,
sacred, …)
- Các âm còn lại: m, v, n, a, o, ….
+ ed → / d /
Ex:
washed, stopped, laughed, cooked
wanted, needed, hated
climbed, harmed, named, called, tried, played
d. Qui tắc đọc ‗s‘:
- Các âm: p, k, t, f , H + s
/s/ (p, k, t, f, th, gh, pe, ke, te)
- Các âm còn lại :
+ s /z/
Ex:
stops, cooks, laughs, months, hats, hates,
learns, lives, plays, needs
e. Đặc biệt: Các âm gió: S, s, tS, z, Z, dZ + s/ es → / iz/ (s, sh, ch, z, x, ge, ce, se)
Ex:
washes, taxes; watches; changes; ranges

I. SINGULAR SUBJECT:
1

2

3

4

Singular subject
Indefinite pronouns: (đại từ bất đònh)
- anybody (any one), anything, nobody (no one), nothing,
everybody (everyone), everything.
Uncount nouns: Các chất rắn, chất lỏng, chất khí,
danh từ trừu tượng …..
- water, coffee, tea, milk, oil, soup, gasoline, …
- ice, butter, bread, cheese, meat, gold, glass, ….
- steam, smoke, air, oxygen, smog, nitrogen, ….
- rice, chalk, dust, flour, grass, salt, sand, sugar, …
- happiness, pollution, love, health, patience, …
- work, homework, advice, information, time, ….
Subjects, sport, languages, natural phenomena, nations,
diseases: (Môn học, thể thao, ngôn ngữ, các hiện
tượng tư nhiên, tên các quốc gia bệnh)
- mathematics, linguistics, statistics, physics, …….
- swimming, gymnastics, athletics, tennis, football,
- Chinese, English, Spanish, German, …..
- weather, fog, snow, sunlight, smog, lightning, …
Số đo lường, lượng tiền, thời gian:
-

5

Who/ what làm chủ ngữ:

6

That + Clause làm chủ ngữ:
“Wh” + clause làm chủ ngữ:

9

Examples
- Something is under the armchair.
- Everyone wants to go home early.
- Coffee is my favorite drink.
- Happiness is a wonderful feeling in our
life.

- Mathematics is a basic tool.
- Many people take up gymnastics
because it is good exercise.
- English is an international language.
- The fog was very thick.

- Ten kilometres is a long distance to
walk.
- Two million dollars is a large sum of
money.
- Eight hours of sleep is enough for me.
- Who uses English?
- What (has) happened to you?
- That he is naughty makes his father sad.
- What he says is unreliable.


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Some determiners: (Một số đònh từ )
- Each student has a pencil.
- Each, every, one of,
- There is a little wine in the bottle.
- A little, little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of, - They gave a great deal of thought to
…..
their future job.
- Either , Neither,
- Neither student does homework.
- Neither of the students is well prepared.
The + N and + N: một người kiêm 2 chức vụ:
- The assistant and secretary is very busy
now.
Hỗn hợp:
- Bread and butter is my favourite food.
- bread and butter: bánh mì bơ
- The horse and carriage is coming round
- The horse and carriage : xe ngựa
the corner.

II. PLURAL SUBJECT:
Plural subject
1

The + adj :
- The rich, the poor, the disabled, the blind,
- The British, the Vietnamese, the Japanese, ……

Examples
- The poor need our help.
- The Vietnamese are very brave.

2

Danh từ luôn ở dạng số nhiều:
- The police are looking for the missing
- police, cattle, goods, clothes, belongings, wares, ..
child.
Some determiners: (một số đònh từ)
3
- both, many, a few, few, a number of, several, a great
many, a good many, the majority…
III. Các dạng hoà hợp chủ từ và đông từ:

1

Hoà hợp với danh từ sau:
Either ………….. or ……………..
+ V ……..
Neither ……….. nor ……………..
+ V …….
Not only ……… but also …….. + V ……

- Either I or John is going to do the
housework.
- Not only the boy but also his friends
like to play football.

2

Hoà hợp với danh từ trước:
- N1 + along with + N2 +
together with
as well as
not

- Miss Hang, along with her friends,
wants to meet the boss.
- Nam, not Tam, has just come.

V …..

IV. Dạng danh từ số nhiều có qui tắc và bất qui tắc:

1

2

NOUNS
Danh từ số nhiều có qui tắc: (thêm s/es)
- Danh từ kết thúc với: (phụ âm) + y / o , ch, s, x,
z, sh
→ thêm: es

- Danh từ số nhiều có qui tắc còn lại: → thêm
―s”
Danh từ số nhiều bất qui tắc:
- oo → ee
-a → e
- um → a

Examples
- potato → potatoes , study → studies
- watch → watches, fox → foxes
- pupil → pupils display → displays
- language → languages
- tooth → teeth
goose → geese
- man → men
woman → women
- bacterium → bacteria

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- us → i
Danh từ số nhiều và số ít không thay đổi:
Sheep : con cừu
Deer: con nai
Fish: con cá (fishes: các loài cá)

Series: loạt, tập truyện nhiều kỳ
Offspring: (chim, thú) con

11

- radius → radii (=radiuses)


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I. PRESENT AND FUTURE:
CONNECTUSAGE
TENSES
ORS
- Thói quen ở S. Present + when + S. Present
1
hiện tại

EXAMPLES
- She usually listens to
music when she is
stressed.

when
S. Future + when + S. Present

- They will send me a
postcard when they

arrive in Paris.

- Nhấn mạnh hđ S. Future + when + Pr. Perfect
sau when

- We will go when we
have
done
our
homework.
- We will wait until he
comes.

- Hđ nối tiếp,

2
until

- Hđ sẽ làm cho S. Future + until + S. Present
đến khi hđ sau
xảy ra
- Nhấn mạnh S. Future + until + Pr. Perfect
mệnh đề với
until đã hoàn
tất.

3

- 2 hđ kế tiếp
as soon as

4

after

5

by the time

- nhấn mạnh sự
hoàn tất của
mệnh đề với as
soon as
- Thói quen

- Hđ hoàn tất
trước 1 hđ khác
trong tương lai.

- I will come and see
you as soon as I‘ve
finished my work.

+ as soon as + S. - Nam will go to
university as soon as he
graduates from high
school.
S. Future + as soon as + Pr. - The boy will buy a big
Perfect
dictionary as soon as he

has
saved
enough
money.
- He often brushes his
S. Present + after + Pr. Perfect
teeth after he has had
lunch.
Future Perfect + by the time + S. - I will have cooked
dinner by the time he
Present
comes.
S. Future
Present

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II. PAST and PAST PERFECT:
CONNECTUSAGE
TENSES
ORS
- Hđ hoàn tất P. Perfect + when + S. Past
1
trước hđ khác.

EXAMPLES
- When I arrived, John
had gone away. ( I
didn‘t see John)

when
- Hđ nối tiếp,

S. Past +

when + S. Past

- Thói quen trong
quá khứ.

- Hđ dài, hđ ngắn Past Cont + when + S. Past

2

while

- Hđ ngắn, hđ dài S. Past + while + Past Cont
- 2 hđ dài

3
until

Past cont + while + Past Cont

- Hđ trước và S. Past

kéo dài cho đến
hành đông của
mệnh đề sau.

+ until + S. Past

- Nhấn mạnh S. past + until + P. Perfect
mệnh đề với
until đã hoàn
tất.
4

- 2 hđ kế tiếp

S. Past + as soon as + S. Past

as soon as
- nhấn mạnh sự S. past + as soon as + P. Perfect
hoàn tất của
mệnh đề với as
soon as
- Hđ trước, hđ sau S. Past + after + P. Perfect

5
after

6

before
by the time

- Hđ sau, hđ trước

P. Perfect + before + S. Past

13

When I arrived, John
went away.
(John was angry with
me, so he went away
when he saw me)
- She spent much money
when she was young.
- They were having
lunch when he visited
them.
- He came in while I was
singing.
- My mother was
reading a book while we
were playing football.
- He read the book until
he was dead tired

- We went on working
until we had finished the
job.

- Mary told me the news

as soon as she came to
my flat.
- A stranger walked into
his room as soon as he
had gone out.
- He left after he had
written the report.
- After he had written
the report, he left.
- The man had already
finished the work before
he came home.


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I. General rule:
Subject

NGƯỜI
WHO

Object

WHOM

Possessive
adjective

WHOSE

THAT

1. who:
We meet the man. He is a professor.
We meet the man who is a professor
S
2. whom:
She talked to the boy. We met him in the zoo.
She talked to the boy whom we met in the zoo.

VẬT
WHICH
WHICH
WHOSE/
OF WHICH

O
3. which
a. He shouted at the dog. It barked loudly.
He shouted at the dog which barked loudly.
S
b. The dog barked loudly. He called it.
The dog which he called barked loudly.
O
4. whose + N: thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu (his / her / their ..)
a. The teacher was angry. The students didn‘t pay attention to his lesson.
The teacher whose lesson the students didn’t pay attention to was angry.

O
b. Do you know the woman? Her son has lost.
Do you know the woman whose son has lost?
S
5. That: thay thế cho: Who, whom, which… (that không thể theo sau dấu phẩy hoặc giới từ)
The girl won the championship. She was really talented.
The girl that (= who) was really talented won the championship.
6. of which:
We should throw away the table. The leg of the table was broken.
We should throw away the table
the leg of which / of which the leg was broken.
whose leg
7. where: thay thế cho cụm giới từ chỉ nơi chốn hoặc ―there‖
* N (place) + where + clause
a) This is the town. I was born in the town.
Adv of place
This is the town in which I was born.
This is the town where I was born.
b) Do you know the village? He lived there.
Do you know the village where he lived?
Ghi chú: trường hợp dưới đây phải dùng ―which‖
Ex: This is the town. I like it best.
O
→ This is the town which I like best.
8. when: thay thế cho cụm danh từ chỉ thời gian hoặc ―then‖
National day is the day. Our nation was completely liberated on that day.
National day is the day when our nation was completely liberated.
9. why : thay thế cho cụm từ ― for the reason‖
Does he know the reason? He left for that reason.
Does he know the reason why he left?

10. It‘s _______ that / who + clause: chình là (cấu trúc nhấn mạnh)

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a) Peter must clean the window
It‘s Peter who / that must clean the window.
b) Your dog bit the old man.
It was your dog that bit the old man. (không được dùng which trong trường hợp này)
c) They were captured because he was incompetent
It was because he was incompetent that they were captured.

1. Tính từ ngắn và tính từ dài:
a) Tính từ ngắn:
- tính từ đơn âm: long , short, big, hot, fat ..
- tính từ có hai âm kết thúc là: er, le, ow, et , phụ âm + y.
Ex: happy, clever, simple, narrow, quiet, …
b) Tính từ dài: là tính từ có hai âm trở lên:
Ex: careful, beautiful, hard-working, careless…
2. Types:
S1 + V + as + adj / adv + as + S2 + aux
Equal
S1 + negative V + as + adj/adv + as + S2 + aux
so
S1 + V + more + adj / adv(dài) + than + S2 + aux
Comparative

S1 + V + adj / adv(ngắn) + er + than + S2 + aux
S + V + the most + adj / adv(dài)
Superlative
S + V + the + adj / adv (ngắn) +est
Ex: She is as beautiful as her mother (is).
She isn‘t so careful as her mother (is).
He drives more carefully than his friend (does).
Tam studies the hardest in his class.
My Thuan bridge is the longest one in Vietnam.
Who is the most beautiful in your class?
3. Special:
Less + adj / adv + than : ít hơn.
Ex: This book is less expensive than that one
4. Double comparison:
a) So sánh đồng tiến: ( Càng ….. càng …..)
The more + adj + S + V,
the more + adj + S + V
(dài)
(dài)
The + adj + er + S + V ,
the + adj + er + S + V
(ngắn)
(ngắn)
Ex:
The more beautiful she is, the more modest she becomes.
The harder he studies, the wiser he becomes.
b) So sánh gấp đôi, ba:
as + adj / adv + as ….
twice
S + V

three times as + much (N) as …
four times
as + many ( N) as …
half
Ex:

She swims twice as fast as I (do).
He earns half as much as his wife (does).
c) So sánh lũy tiến: (ngày càng)
More and more + adj (dài) : càng nhiều

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Adj (ngắn) + er and adj (ngắn) + er : càng ….
Life in the city is more and more stressful.
They work harder and harder.
5. Tính từ bất qui tắc:
Ex:

SSB
bad/ badly
good/ well
much /many
little
far

SSH
SSN
1
worse
worst
2
better
best
3
more
most
4
less
least
5
farther
farthest
further
furthest
6 old
older
oldest
elder
eldest
Ex: Ms Anh is better at cooking than Ms Nhung
My elder brother is 2 years older than I.

NGHĨA
Tệ, dở

Giỏi
Nhiều
ít
Xa (k.cách)
Hơn (t. tin)
Lớn (chung)
Lớn (anh ,chò)

NOTES:
1. No one / No + N + V + so / as + adj / adv + as + S2
 S2 + negative V + the + most + adj / adv (dài)…
Adj / adv (ngắn) + est ………
Ex: No students in my class are so intelligent as Tam.
 Tam is the most intelligent in my class.
2. S1 + negative V + so + adj/adv as + S2
→ S2 + V + more adj/ adv + than S1
Adj +er

I. General rule:
S + V + O
S

II.

+…

+ BE + V3 …. by + O.
(chia theo thì của câu chủ động)

Ex: - She usually takes my car.

→ My car is usually taken by her.
- He has sent his son to another school.
→ His son has been sent to another school.
Active  passive:
1
V1
am / is / are + V3
2
V2
was / were + V3
3
am/ is / are + Ving
am/ is /are + being + V3
4
was / were + Ving
was / were + being + V3
5
has / have + V3
has / have + been + V3
6
had + v3
had + been + v3
7
will / would
will / would
can / could
+ V0
can / could
+ be + V3
may / might

may / might (nguyên mẫu)
must
must
8
be going to
be going to
have to
+ V0
have to
+ be + V3
used to
(nguyên mẫu)
used to
like
like

16


Gia sư Thành Được

9
10

continue
have + sb + V0 + sth
get + sb + to + V0 + sth
ask
tell
give

bring
buy + sb + sth
lend
show
give
bring
buy + sth + prep + sb
lend
show
see
hear + O + Ving
smell
see
hear + O + V0
smell
make + O + V0
let + sb + v0 + sth
sb + need + to +V0 + sth

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continue
have + sth + V3 + .. +(by +sb)
get + sth + V3 + .. + (by sb)
(chỉ được dùng ‗get‘)

given
brought
sb + be + bought + sth
lent
shown

12
given
brought
sth + be + bought + prep + sb
lent
shown
13
seen
s+ be + heard + Ving
smelt
14
seen
s + be + heard + to + V0
smelt
15
s + be + made + to + V0
16
sb + be + allowed + to + V0
17
sth + need + ving
want
18 People + say + (that) + S‘ + V …. : nói rằng
think
: nghó rằng
believe
: tin rằng
report
: thông báo
rumour
: đồn đại

assume
: thừa nhận
It + be + said
+ (that) + S‘ + V ….
thought
believed
reported
rumoured
assumed
S‘ + be + said
+
to + V0
(tương đồng, xảy ra sau)
thought
to + have + V3 ( xảy ra trước)
believed
reported
rumoured
assumed
Ex:
- People say that he is a spy. → It is said he is a spy.
→ He is said to be a spy.
- They think that Peter died. → It is thought that Peter died.
→ Peter is thought to have died.
III. Causative form: (Dạng cầu khiến)
1. S + have + sb + V0 + sth : nhờ ai làm gì
S + have + sth + V3 … (by + O):
Ex: She has me carry the luggage. → she has her luggage carried.
2. S + get + sb + to + V0 : nhờ ai … làm gí
S + get + sth + V3 ….. (by + O) :

11

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Ex: They got us to wash the floor. → They got the floor washed.
IV. Need / want:
S (vật) + need + Ving
: cần được
want
Ex: The house needs fixing/ to be fixed.
The paint wanted painting.

I. STATEMENT: Câu phát biểu (thuộc dạng câu khẳng đònh và phủ đònh)
S

said
told + O
claimed
admitted
replied
agreed

(THAT)

S+ V (đổi thì)

- He said, ―I like football.‖
→ He said that he liked football.
―Tom will fly to Paris next week,‖ said Miss Hoa.
→ Miss Hoa said that Tom would fly to Paris the following week.
II. COMMANDS & REQUESTS: Câu yêu cầu (thuộc dạng mệnh lệnh hoặc yêu cầu)
Imperative form:
V0 + …….
Request:
Would you like …………..?
(mệnh lệnh)
Don‘t + V0 ……..
(yêu cầu) Could / Can you + V0 ………..?
Why don‘t you + V0 ……………?
Ex:

O
to + V0
told
asked
begged
ordered
not + to + V0
urged
advised
She said to him, ―Come in, please‖
→ She told him to come in.
―Don‘t make noise, Tom‖ said the mother. → The mother asked Tom not to make noise.
S

Ex:

III. QUESTIONS: (Dạng câu hỏi)
asked + O
wondered
wanted to know

S + V (đổi thì)
if / whether
(yes/ no question)
―Wh” / how
(wh-question)
Ex:
She said to me, ―Will he come?‖ → She asked me if he would come.
―Where do you live?‖ asked the foreigner. → The foreigner asked me where I lived.
IV. Các dạng khác:
1. Let’s + V0 …. // Why don’t we + V1 ….. // What about + Ving ….
→ S + suggested + Ving ……
Ex: He said, ―Let‘s have a drink.‖ → He suggested having a drink.
Timmy said, ― Why don‘t we go on a picnic‖ → Timmy suggested going on a picnic.
2. Why don’t you + V1 ………. ? // S + should + V0 ………….. → S + advised + O + to + V0
Ex: She said to him, ― Why don‘t you go to the doctor?‖
→ She advised him to go to the doctor.
S +

Notes:

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1. Đổi thì và các yếu tố thời gian
DIRECT
INDIRECT
V1 (s/es)
→
V2 /ed
V2
→
had + V3
has/ have + V3
→
had + V3
am/ is/ are + Ving → was / were + Ving
can
→
could + V0
will
→
would + V0
may
→
might + V0
must
→

(must) / had to
have to
→
had to
had + V3
→
had + V3

DIRECT
- yesterday

→

- last night

→

- two years ago
- today
- tonight
- tomorrow

→
→
→
→

- next year

→

- this
- these
- here
- now

→
→
→
→

INDIRECT
the previous day
the day before
the previous night
the night before
two years before
that day
that night
the following day
the day after
the next day
the following year
the year after
the next year
that
those
there
then

2. Các trường hợp không đổi thì:
a) Khi động từ tường thuật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai:
Ex: My mother says to me, ―you are my little pet.‖
→ My mother tells me that I am her little pet.
b) Câu trưc tiếp diễn đạt một chân lý hoặc sự thật hiển nhiên:
Ex: Galileo said, ― The earth goes around the sun.‖
→ Galileo said (that) the earth goes around the sun.
c) Thì quá khứ đơn đã rõ thời gian:
Ex: Tom said to me, ― My grandfather died in 1990.‖
→ Tom told me that his grandfather died in 1990.
d) Câu điều kiện loại 2, 3 và cấu trúc ―used to‖:
Ex: ― If I had much money, I would have travel around the world.‖ Said the boy.
→ The boy said if he had much money he would travel around the world.
Các động từ tường thuật khác:
S

threatened
offered (+ O)
promised
wanted
refused
advised
allowed
invited
reminded
encouraged
discouraged
reproached
scolded
accused

denied
insisted
suggested
complain

to V0

sb + to + V0

sb + for doing sth
sb of doing sth
Ving/ Having V3
on doing sth/ that + clause
doing sth/ that + S + (should) + V0
(to sb) about sth

19

Đe dọa
Ngỏ ý
Hứa
Muốn
Từ chối
khun
Cho phép
Mời
Nhắc nhở
Khuyến khìch
Làm nhụt chì
Khiển trách (nhẹ)

La rầy, trách mắng
Tố cáo, buộc tội
Phủ nhận
Khăng khăng, một mực
Đề nghị, gơi ý
Phàn nàn


Gia sư Thành Được
apologize
Plead with

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Xin lỗi
Cầu xin

(to sb) (for doing sth)
Sb for (doing) sth

* More reporting verbs:
S
agreed
hoped
offered
promised
refused
threatened

To- V0

Ex: The father said to the boy,‖I will take you to the zoo‖
→ The father offered to take the boy to the zoo.
―The money will be refunded‖ said the salesman.
→ The salesman promised to refund the money.
*
S
Ving
admitted
having + v3
denied
Ex: She admitted stealing the car/ she admitted having stolen the car.

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I. Động từ hoặc cụm ngữ đi với gerund:
admit
: thừa nhận
* allow
: cho phép
anticipate
: liệu trước
* advise
: khuyên
appreciate
: đánh giá cao

avoid
: tránh
be worth
: đáng (được)
can’t help
: không thể tránh
complete
: hoản thành
consider
: xem xét, can nhắc
defer
: hoãn lại
delay
: trì hoãn
deny
: phủ nhận
dislike / detest
: không thích
encourage
: khuyến khích
enjoy
: thích
escape
: thoát khỏi
fancy
: thích
finish
: hoàn thành
forgive
: tha thứ

encourage
: khuyến khích
imagine
: tưởng tượng
involve
: bao gồm, liên quan
keep
: giữ
mention
: đề cập
miss
: bỏ lở
not mind
: không ngại

* permit
: cho phép
postpone
: trì hoãn
practise
: luyện tập
resent
: phật ý, oán
recollect
: hồi tưởng
risk
: liều lónh
spend
: dùng, trãi qua
suggest

: gợi ý, đề nghò
* teach
: dạy
tolerate
: chòu đưng, tha thứ
understand : hiểu
it’s no use/ good: vô ích
have trouble/ difficulty: gặp khó
khăn
look forward to : mong mỏi
contribute to : đóng góp
dedicate/ devote onself to : tận tụy
with a view to : với ý đònh
be busy: bận rộn
waste one’s time : lãng phí thời gian

Ex:

She admitted stealing his money.
This job involves meeting people.
Do you enjoy going to the beach?
* Các từ dấu (*) nếu có tân ngữ thí dùng to infinitive
Ex: She allows her son to go out at night.
My parents don‘t allow going out at night
II. Đông từ theo sau là Ving hay to-infinitive: (Không thay đổi nghóa)
* begin / start : bắt đầu
can’t bear : không thể chòu đựng
can’t stand : không thể chòu đựng
continue : tiếp tục
dread : kinh sợ

hate : ghét
like : thích
love : yêu
neglect : lơ là
prefer : thích hơn

Ex: She began working / to work on the project.
They continues going/ to go.
* Nếu begin / start ở dạng Ving thí theo sau là: to infinitive.
Ex: It is beginning to snow.

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III. Đông từ theo sau là Ving hoặc to-infinitive: (thay đổi nghóa)
Forget: quên
Remember: nhớ
Stop: + to V0: ngưng để làm
Stop + Ving: ngưng làm
Try + to-inf : cố gắng
Try + Ving : thử
Mean + to-inf: muốn
Mean + Ving: nghóa là
Regret + to-inf : rất tiếc
Regret + Ving : hối hận

IV. Động từ theo sau là: O + V0:
Make: khiến
Let: cho phép
Have: nhờ
Help: giúp đỡ

Don‘t forget to send me a postcard. (quên để làm)
I will never forget working with you. (quên đã làm)
Remember to do your homework. (nhớ để làm)
Do you remember meeting the president last year? (nhớ đã làm)
He stopped to buy a newspaer when he was driving. ( ngưng để
làm)
They stop smoking because it is harmful. (ngưng làm)
We tried to win the game, but we failed.
Have you ever tried windsurfing?
I mean to take a trip to Canada.
A trip to Da Lat means spending much money.
We regret to say that your application can‘t be accepted.
He regrets cutting class yesterday.

My mother makes me study.
They let him go.
I had him wash my car.
Advertising helps (to) sell more products.

V.
See : thấy
Notice : chú ý
Watch : theo dõi
Observe : quan sát

Hear : nghe
Smell : ngửi
Feel : cảm thấy

+ O + Ving (hđ dài)
V0 (hđ ngắn)

I saw him take your motorbike
She noticed the boy weeping
The policeman watched the suspect working
The scientist observed the ants working.
I heard someone knocking the door
I smell something burning
We feel something crawling on my shoulder.

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VI. ng t theo sau l to infinitive:
1. afford: kh nng
2. agree: ng ý
3. aim : nhm vo
4. appear: dng nh
5. arrange: sp xp
6. ask : yờu cu
7. attempt : c gng

8. be : phi
9. be dying : khao khỏt
10. beg: van ni
11. cant wait: khụng th i
12. care: mun
13. choose : la chn
14. claim : cụng b
15. dare * : dỏm
16. decide: quyt nh
17. demand : yờu cu
18. expect : mong mi
19. fail : tht bi
20. get : bt u (biờt)
21. grow : to gradually begin to do sth
22. guarantee : bo m
23. have : phi
24. hesitate: chn ch
25. hope: hy vng
26. learn : hc

27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.

37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.

long : khao khỏt
intend :d nh
manage : xoay s
need* : cn
offer: ng ý
omit: khụng lm trũn, quờn
ought : phi
plan : vch k hoch
prepare: chun b
pretend : gi v
promise: ha
prove : chng t
refuse : t chi

seek : c gng
seem : dng nh
swear: th
tend : cú khuynh hng
threaten: e da
train: luyn tp
turn out : húa ra (l)
undertake :nhn lm, cam kt
used : ó tng
want : mun
wish : ao c
would like : mun
would prefer: thớch

Ex: She decided to go to university.
They threatened to kill him if he resisted.
The woman turns out to be my friends mother
Youll like her once you get to know her.
* Cỏc t du (*) cú th dựng nh ng t khim khuyt:
Ex: I darent say so= I dont dare to say so
You neednt do this homework = You dont need to do this homework.

I. Daùng phoồ bieỏn:
Type (loaùi)
Possible future
Untrue present
Untrue past
Ex:

If clause

S + V1(s/es)
S + V2 / were
S + had + V3

Main clause
S + will + V0
S + would + V0
S + would have + V3

If she takes a taxi, she will come on time.
If I were you, I would tell her the truth.
If he helped us, we would finish it on time.
If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.

II. Daùng ủaỷo ngửừ:

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Gia sư Thành Được

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Type (loaïi)
Possible future
Untrue present

If clause
Main clause
Should + S + V0 …..

S + will + V0
Were + S + adj/ NP ….
S + would + V0
Were + S + to V0 …..
Untrue past
Had + S + V3 …..
S + would have + V3
Ex: Should she take a taxi, she will come on time.
Were I you, I would tell her the truth.
Were he to help us, we would finish it on time.
Had I studied hard, I would have passed the exam.
III. Daïng ruùt goïn:
Type (loaïi)
Untrue present
Untrue past

If clause
But for + NP
Without + NP

Main clause
S + would + V0
S + would have + V3

Ex: If it hadn‘t been for his help, we wouldn‘t have succeeded.
→ But for his help, we wouldn‘t have succeeded.
1. Unless + positive = if ... not: trừ phi, nếu không
You will be late unless you start at once.
2. But for that + unreal condition: Nếu không thì
Mệnh đề sau nó phải lùi một thời.

+ Hiện tại
My father pays my fee, but for that I couldn't be here.
+ Quá khứ
My car broke down, but for that we would have been here in time.
3. Otherwise + real condition: Kẻo, nếu không thì.
We must be back before midnight otherwise I will be locked out.
4. Otherwise + unreal condition: Kẻo, nếu không thì.
Sau nó phải là điều kiện không thể thực hiện được, mệnh đề sau nó lùi một thời.
+ Hiện tại
Her father supports her finance otherwise she couldn't conduct these experiments (But she can with
her father's support).
+ Quá khứ:
I used a computer, otherwise I would have taken longer with these calculations (But he didn't take any
longer).
*Lưu ý: Trong tiếng Anh thông tục (colloquial English) người ta dùng or else để thay thế cho otherwise.
5. Provided/Providing that: Với điều kiện là, miễn là ( = as long as)
You can camp here providing that you leave no mess.
6. Suppose/Supposing = What ... if : Giả sử .... thì sao, Nếu ..... thì sao.
Suppose the plane is late? = What (will happen) if the plane is late?
Lưu ý:
* Suppose còn có thể được dùng để đưa ra lời gợi ý.
Suppose you ask him = Why don't you ask him.

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Gia s Thnh c

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* Lu ý thnh ng: What if I am?: Tao th thớ ó sao no? (mang tỡnh thỏch thc)
7. If only + S + simple present/will + verb = hope that: hi vng rng
If only he comes in time.
If only he will learn harder for the test next month.
8. If only + S + simple past/past perfect = wish that (Cõu /k khụng thc = giỏ m)
If only he came in time now.
If only she had studied harder for that test
9. If only + S + would + V:
+ Din t mt hnh ng khụng th xy ra hin ti
If only he would drive more slowly = we wish he drove more slowly.
+ Din t mt c mun vụ vng v tng lai:
If only it would stop raining.
10. Immediately = as soon as = the moment (that) = the instant that = directly: ngay lp tc/
ngay khi m
Tell me immediatly (=as soon as) you have any news.
Phone me the moment that you get the results.
I love you the instant (that) I saw you.
Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke.
11. if/in case + S + should : ch mt iu khú cú th xy ra, ngi ta a ra ý kin ch phũng nga.
If you should change your mind, please let me know.
In case he should have forgotten to go to the airport, nobody will be there to meet her.
(Ng nh ụng y quờn ra sõn bay, thớ s khụng cú ai ú ún cụ ta mt)
12. Các cách dùng đặc biệt của Will, would và sould trong các mệnh đề if


Thông th-ờng những động từ này không đ-ợc dùng đằng sau if nh-ng nếu đ-ợc
dùng nó sẽ mang ý nghĩa sau:
If you will /would.

Th-ờng đ-ợc dùng trong các yêu cầu lịch sự ( Would lịch sự hơn)

Ví dụ:
If you would wait a moment, I will see if Mr John is here.
(Nếu cô vui lòng chờ một chút, tôi sẽ xem liệu ông John có ở đây không.)
I would be very grateful if you will/ would make an arrangement for me.
If you could + verb in simple form.
Nếu ông vui lòng - Ng-òi nói cho rằng ng-ời kia sẽ
đồng ý nh- một lẽ tất nhiên
Ví dụ:
If you could fill in this form.
If you could open your books.

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