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Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
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;
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<D<)FGHIIJIKLM?N 
<<#OLP>QRSTLII D
<<< MGCUVM63, 
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<< ?QSTLIIJ DD
<<<=>? DD
<<D< ?I>Z[>>?QSTLIIJHLM?N D
<<<3\N]M?QSTLIIJHLM?N D;
<<>]I^_?QSTLIIJHLM?N `
<<<>]IU>Q `
<<D<>]IHQ D
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D<<<<6P E
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D<<<3lAjnHPa D
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D<D<<D<#OLQR?QSTLIXPa ;D
D<D<D<,>>\FXP>QRCSTLIIJXPajN
,^PFB C#O
;
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,-# 67/d#$6ef: g#,g'6!d#$6ch#  .#i/
E
<<,J^KN>FHPajN,^PFB C#O E
<<<,J^KN>F]LC E
<<D<[F^KHPaFMoD`` ED
<D<$N>N]M?QSTLIIJXPajN,^P
FB C#O
ED

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<D<D<6pM>U?>Np@otWMPau]MvSV
tWF[IIJ
E
<D<<6o^P>AL^w@CMXMOx>OP][u
]MFBOSTLCQRCSIJ
E
<D<<HO^SCSIJK@]VNCSIJx@N>
aIPSVHCS@oo\SmV@\?^yMkS]
E;
<D<<6BUACFtM^@jKCSIJ E;
<D<;<N^lN>NUVMCSIJ EE
<D<E<6R@^t>qCSzQ>xM{UPGN|tNKa[
HMXOSmVULM
EY
<D<Y<,JU}N]pBBQRCSTLIIJu]MMX
OSTLIIJ
E~
<D<~< aOAII^ E~
<D<`< MC?P>UM> E~
<<=J Y`
=W YD
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DANH MỤC TỪ VIẾT TẮT
), %)IIJ
63,%6CSIJ
= =%=VMxaU
6##%6WNLM?N
)%)I]a
D

Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
DANH MỤC BẢNG BIỂU
•%=QMXOHPaMXD``E€D``~
•D%6BBOa[>CUVIIJHPaQ
>o
•%6BBUVMC>FJGXHIIJoD``~
•%6\?FpUVMlXPaoD``~
•%6BBSTLQ•UVMoD``~
•;%#ABCIIJClVXPa
•E%:]pI]aoD``~
•Y%>Z[N>?QSTLIIJXPa

Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
LỜI NÓI ĐẦU
=CMXOULM@>M?NN\FJ
MBO?IlS_WV^lnKCkULMC
Bz\‚<,kCaGƒ>M?NNOSIkn
F^KS<^tknF^K‚CIULMFM
HaCIIJ<
#VCFMS\XFaHlJF^?a@>
M?NIAXCN>F^tBu‚>NSTL
AI?Q<MWaGƒ>CQRM?NNBF
>N^lS>u]M?QSTLIC?QST
LIIJF[<

Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
PajN,^PFB C#OCOlJQaPC
^tIIJ^lIK< ?aCSIJHPazC
^tjK<MWa?1RSTL{„C?QII
JHPaCOFMqa[KuooSVMO

^ttWMMFFM‚NpCz<
…VN>RLMF[UtNK\FXSTLIHPaj
N,^PFB C#O@yz‚kC%†Giải pháp nâng cao hiệu
quả sử dụng vốn cố định tại Công ty Cổ phần Đầu tư Công trình Hà Nội ‡M
a[k\WNHB<
=VHa[kAqNpS%
Phần I%RWkIIJC?QSTLIIJ
HM?N<
Phần II%6\FXSTLIIJHPajN,^
PFB C#O<
Phần III%$N>N]M?QSTLIIJHPa
jN,^PFB C#O<
CHƯƠNG 1:
LÝ LUẬN CHUNG VỀ VỐN CỐ ĐỊNH
VÀ HIỆU QUẢ SỬ DỤNG VỐN CỐ ĐỊNH
TẠI CÔNG TY CỔ PHẦN ĐẦU TƯ CÔNG TRÌNH HÀ NỘI
1.1. Khái niệm, nguồn hình thành.
1.1.1. Khái niệm
6FMkUJF^@CMXOSmVULM
>LM?NN>aIl^%SnMO@I^tM

Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
OC^?MO<,^t>aICaGƒLM?NN
nFOSIIVJN|tNKQaPCkU?ULM<
Vốn kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp là biểu hiện bằng tiền của toàn bộ giá
trị tài sản được huy động, sử dụng vào hoạt động sản xuất kinh doanh nhằm mục
đích sinh lời.
#^WaVaIULMpCkU?[QaIK
S\FCN>FHOLM?NFMkU?a<•_
Wa@CCMMMCCN>F^tIS„CCM>P

>NSIaH>CQFJF[M^UˆJJFpH>
LM?NFMkUJF^<
6FMLM?N@I^tCDMX%I^OCII
J<
)I^O%C?ukHCS^OCI^
O<)I^OMCMCCMQ>FBULMC>FJ
F_XB>S‰GaHCM><#CO
NWHISmV@MA>FJa[?@W?N@k^l<<<
#q>FJCa^tMCXMCMCMHLM?NSUz>
CM><6FMQ>FBSmV@ONW>FJSnMO?L^K
Bnk^lzJ^MOMNp^^t>?FM>
FJKHSNŠ@G>FJa[@[W?^taMCO
CMSNŠFMU}SmVULM<)I^OnKMX
BLM?NU>BU><,IKLM?N^lX
BI^OMA%)I^OJnCI^OUPJ
n
)IIJCSIInF^KS@m]aL\CSIJq
BCPB<)IIJQaJQaPHCSIJ@SMp
{HCSIJXQaJ{MCCa
HIIJ<,{HIIJCCMkU}S
mVSNŠ@^t]aLNFM>U}SmVC
SkU}SmVIIJKMCCOG]a<
6FM>LM?NIIJFG{?QF‚_C
OONWHI^F[CISmVULM<
;
Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
)?m>JQaPIIJ@nFJCSIJtNRC
SMkQF‚VCN?N>NQRSTLIII
JF>VM>IMo\SmVC?QMXOH
CSIJ<

1.1.2. Nguồn hình thành vốn cố định.
,^CMCSIJCOS\ƒILCXuBCC
jSqCSIJ\?[ULM]LC
HLM?N<M?m>JACFtMqUM
^^WaCFVQF‚_BaIQaJM?QRC
STLIIJSCa<)kXB^FCDMX
ACFtp<
#ACFt[FM%CqAmVN>]LM
?N^I@tWX<<<aU>CqA
OS_qHLM?N<
#ACFt[MC%CqACLM?NaO
[MCCFtMMXOULMHB^Ia@N>C
F>N@jN@[@[MXO<
6a[@CF‹pVCax^{HAI
u]M?QSTLCOQRptNCSIJ@
^^>AI^S%
* Nguồn vốn bên trong Doanh nghiệp:
- Vốn do Ngân sách Nhà nước cấp
)ILM#]S>#C^KVN^tVNN>M>LM?N
#C^K<#]S>ZVNOONWIU>LM?N
CaKMXO<6FMQ>FBULM@LM?NNM
MCILM#C^KVN<#MCF>LM?NO‚KN@C
NUx‚^tACFtNp#C^KFMOSI
F^tN@qUMCFtCa^UPKCxUP
N^ma[LMOCF^tNSnUUo@LM?N
KBACFtCa<•[X@#C^KxmymŒFtVNM
>LM?NuFML^[< Bn‰Ft^t
E
Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
L•FL^KLXVNIuk@uCS@M{^[@•

Np<<
- Vốn tự có của doanh nghiệp:
,IK>LM?NKBC@I\CILM>LM
?N@HLM?N@H^ƒF^C_FOMXOU
LMHLM?N<3II\CIL|^BNX
^tOv?OFMjI^CCI\HPa@
LM?N^]BUP^tVNlIN>NJ<
#qLM?NzCMMXO@I\G^tBC
ONtWjS@_FOMXOULMHLM
?N<6\MVaCFtuAIOOCOM^I<
cVkPaPF‚pS>>^SItWXHK
u\>NnICaCo<6a[K>Paj
NB?XtW[QOSIUpXU>Xa<
•_UPaXtWFMoM>^nCUPL|SI
tWzjN<>jPUP^tWkzjN
^|X‚QakS_qSIIo[HPa<6a[@L•
]aFS\UŒVNLŽHjNLMjPZ^tWONƒj
NCLM>jNJS•<
- Vốn cổ phần:
#AICaBCLMq^S>WNPajNN>
CjNC>qjNCaF[JF^C^tAI
VJ<6FMQ>FBMXO@uo\\HLM?N@>
CzXMS„o^tjNN>CF[JF^•
^tkCF‰NM[ULM<,{?CFtM>
L\>^LCX@BAIjNFVQF‚<#U[‚
I^KUI^tK@{U>@xU>MXFM?FM
jF[JF^I<6WL>lO^^t>C^
^CLM?NN>CVNW<6a[@?N>Cj
N[FMQ>FBMXOGƒ>CQRCpN\
U}WF‚CvvFM?>>>]I[Q^%ap

HPa@zSVJF^@nXN>@v?jn@BBCp
Y
Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
Pa]a<,^FN>CI^V@tVFM
Pa<
* Nguồn vốn bên ngoài của doanh nghiệp.
- Vốn vay:
‰LM?NL^K>BnU>|ayMQaJH
WN>NCaI>I^tS%#C^K@#]C@j
nU@jnmzP@L]^FMCMC^KL^K>Bn^
pL]C@pL^lX@IL@N>C>MX
nUM>HLM?NK>U}XU><#AIaO
CaHaNOCM>aIS%?QULM@UoFt@
zSVa@SI^tI^<6v?zaCMS„XMkUM
MNpLM•NaOIC[^X^_t
n|KUoM>IaCzSVka<
- Vốn liên doanh
#AICaBC_S\NIq>LM?NM{
HLM?N_FM^KC^KMCBCOLM?N
K<nOINq>LM?NK|aOCMƒW
q>[[LM<
- Tài trợ bằng thuê (thuê vốn):
>LM?NISTLJCUF•lCI
LCHS_qBSTLJu>[^KaG
‚C[I<
6[^KkBnCQF‚VCBn>FA
[X@[LJ@[Cp<
‘•>FA[X<
6yMN^lnCa@OLM?NS_qHVUF•C
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X>CSF[FMOXCM<#CVaUF•@l
QpL^COPaM<#CCS>a@J
^M[CO#]C^lX@OPaMa
OPaa[M[^K<•Ca^>’a^[“W
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Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
a^tOSIILM?>XCS^M[<,A^
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H[LJCk[yMU^KUPHMCFMCFJ>
HJ<,^l[CM[FVSMKSIJ
C^M[U}‚AK>u>U^KM[U>
aU>J<6[LJGƒ^M[MFB>J
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^kUMM^[VLn[^KF^KCaX
U^K<,]aCFVQF‚IK^[•N‚MCF
JS\N>FMCMJF_[XW<
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CPaM@#]C^lX@M{Paa[M
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KM{XSUXtNA<
1.2.Vai trò của vốn cố định đối với doanh nghiệp.
)k{>FJukIIJN>k\HLM?N<
Gk{?W@IIJ?FGHBQCSIJ<
6CSIJCq^?MOHaCMQ>FB

SmVULMHLM?N<#kKLM?NFMSI
Q>FBAX<M?NCSIJUPKk{>FJ
^QF‚HXUPƒ•CM<
6F^KCSIJN>{ulS_XHLM
?N@N>QaPHLM?N^lmnaUPK{
kMXBULMCC<
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Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
6n@CSIJPpQaJIKQ>FBS
mVCHLM?N<M{]aHBQ‰
U}SmV@CSIJAXFMOLCCXMFp
jJFMU}ULMHLM?NkS^tCV
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6n@FMkUJF^@UC[L|^t]
MBx^lnKFBXFCaCF_[al<
,kCaGƒ>LM?NNCSMooSVMO@XM
F^tqSNŠV^tM@>CX@u”J
F^<3\^UP•nIKCSIJx^?>
>VNQF‚HCSIJL•yXqUUoSM
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UVMCSIJN|tN@ppm>UVM@a[>
CSIJUVM<
1.3.1. Hao mòn và khấu hao tài sản cố định.
D
Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
6FMQ>FBSTL@CSIJJMGL^KB
n% MGqBCMGPB<
Hao mòn hữu hình:CS\MGk{WVnCjVLk
{V^tCpoU•WHCSIJI|CSI
JUPSTL^tqCNR<6\Vk{UH
MGqBC>FJHCSIJLC>FJH^t
aLCMSNŠ^tSmVF<6F^tNCSIJUP
STL^t@MGqB?_‰CSIJUPSTL
^t@MGqB?_‰CSIJVLOpLM
^_HkU?\[aQ>FB‚maF[FMx
^?FPM@MQCSIJUP^t>M<
k]I^_MGqBHCSIJ@
CS%
#q]IOkV^tXM^%W?L|
SmVFCSIJ@FBOCP?XM@V^tm]aL\@
NF>N<

#q]IOkQ>FBSTL^nOWk
C^OSTL@FBOakHP][@?VN
CQa@QaFBP?@OMQ@ML^wCSTq<<<
#q]I^_H\[^OŠ@UPUp@
<<<
Hao mòn vô hình có 3 hình thức.
6CSIJJ>FJLMoSVMOmzOo[@
^SmVF>MXCSIKSmVFqSNŠ
V^t^x^>CXl<
6CSIJJ>FJLMSmV^tMXCSIJU>
MC?lk{U•W<
6CSIJJ>FJLMSNŠHCFJ‰<
#^WaMGPBCLMOUM‚U•W]aF<
Khấu hao tài sản cố định: CSIJ^tSTLFMk
U}SmV@>FJHMGLC^tLJaNCM>

Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
FJHSNŠCF<:>FJCa^tAXL^KBnUV
M@^tXM>CM>CSNŠBCQ•UVM>N
nSTqK@UN@XM@jK@M{_FOCSI
J<
=VMCS\|Nk{UMGqBCMGP
B<=VMR”QF‚IKMMCCN>FI@UV
HMXOSmVULM<6\?UVM•H>FJ\
CSIJUPqN>•\VHUQMXOS
mVULMCGMQ•UVM@LaFB^tSIIƒF<
BnUVMCUVMlCUVMSTqK<
6FMQ>FBUVM@FBUVMJN>FJHCSI
JzaCMSNŠSmVFFMU}<MN^ln|NC
pU>[kFpUVMCSIJ^tC

ONW%
6kFpUVMl%L||NCSISUJCM
BV>FJSTL<#CLM?N#C^K@LM?NFp
ON[MCaCM#]S>#C^K@NGXjSCMQ•
N>FkSmVyM^KkFOŽkS]<>LM?N
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ULMHLM?N<
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Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
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?NNpxaFMOLC|aMXCSIJ<3
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Các phương pháp khấu hao tài sản cố định:
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#LM?NFpUVMC>BVanUVMC
oMD><
Phương pháp khấu hao giảm dần: UVMyMSIL^L<
Công thức tính: MKH = G
di
. T
k
T
k
= T
kh
.H
s
6FM%$
L
%>FJGX63,o<
6
U
%Z?UVM63,yMN^lN>NSIL^L<
6
U
%Z?UVM63,yMN^lN>N^ˆ<


S 
%?SIkZ^tm>J }OCMST
L63,<
63,XSTLoB?SIC@
63,XSTL;oB?SICD
63,XSTL;oF_[B?SICD@
Phương pháp khấu hao theo sản lượng:
MKH cho 1 đơn vị sản lượng =

SL
NG
6FM%#$–a[>CSIJ^Kp


SL
–6jS^t^KpFMSISTL63,
MKH TSCĐ trong kì = MKH cho 1 đơn vị x Số sản lượng dự tính
sản lượng thực hiện trong kì
1.3.2. Lập kế hoạch khấu hao tài sản cố định.
;
Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
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IJ^%6j>FJCSIJU}@BBoCS
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pUVM@nUVMFMoCBBN]NIQ•UVM<
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,IKCSIJzFpUVM^ŽGSTL^t
LM?NŽNpUVMlCUVMSTqKyMv
?a[>CXM>CM>C^UPXM>II

J<
6CS^UVMCz^ƒ@LM?NONCM#]
S>SIk^UVMCN]jCMUM‰MUONH<=
MXUVMCSIJMA%
6CSIJUPNpUVMlCUVMSTq
K^V<
6CSIJo[FMoUMX@oCMOCaCM
H>B>SKpUVM<
6CSIJFMoUMX@KCaCM
FM>B>SUPNpUVM<
Pn
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C  S  I  J  o
’“  FM  o  U
MX
=
=
$>  FJ  B
Q]   63,  o
’“FMo
x
x
3I>S„
STL’UPST
L“63,
D
6j>FJBQ]CSIJNpUVMFMoU
MX^tm>JyMPn%
6j>
FJ63,N

= 6j
>FJC
6j>
FJBQ]
€ 6j
>FJB
E
Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
pUVM
FMU}
=
SIJ
U}

63,o
FMU}
Q]CS
FM
U}
6F[lS_>p>Z[@CoCMU}@LM?NWN
UMXUVMCSIJ@O><<<ClS_M?m>J
nUVM•<=MXUVMCSIJ^tmyCO?
N>NQF‚QRSTLIIJ—]M?QSTL
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1.3.3. Công tác quản lý và sử dụng vốn cố định.
)IIJCOONWQF‚HIULM<6o[
IIJFM>LM?NF[CFM>C
>OK?o^lS_WV@U•WHLM?NC
[U<)?STLIIJ^KMXO^LCX@
AIWCL•{NFHFM<MJFpyIC{WOH

IIJ]yMQaWF[@[?QRIIJ^tMC
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,QRCSTLIIJ?QNQRk{
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*Quản lý chặt chẽ hình thái hiện vật của vốn cố định.
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ƒF^KX<
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NXo\MXO@]MoSV@po@>LHCS
IJ@^CM>NL>QaFBP?SmVKCNp
MXOHCSIJ<
* Quản lý về mặt giá trị của vốn cố đinh:
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€rNLN^lN>NUVMN|tNMMXCSIJ<
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Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
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CSIJ<
6FM>LM?N@QRIULM@IIJ
F[MAkOL[QWK<#^
U>Q>COLl%
* Khai thác và tạo lập vốn cố định của doanh nghiệp.
,J^KM?U>CXMWNAIIJ>Nn
a[^@LM?NNm>J^tI^CMCS
IJFMqoF^KC]LC<
M?NaOI^CMCSIJk
AU>^%tWX@AIUVM@AI[
LM@[U@AI#]S>#C^KVN@Ia]C<<<
‰AIF[kq^@^tCkU?\
?U>@NpSTLU><)B@FMU>@XMWN

AIIJ@>LM?NN•RLX>AC
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ACFtIIJtNRCtVMLM?N<#qJ
^KlM?U>@XMWNAIIJCNMU
o\HHLM?NFMSmVULM@XCN]>
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CaUPZGƒ_S\oO@XaŒHLM?NCG
_?jK>pS>@lCpH#C^K_”PXM
kU?MLM?NU>@XMWNqAI<
,A@LM?Nxm>J^tUVCSIJ
^CMCStNR<
* Bảo toàn và nâng cao hiệu quả sử dụng vốn cố định:
•MMCIIJk{?WUPNZCqa[B
>WVC{pSTLHCSIJCQF‚l
CLaFB^ma[o\SmVH<,kCa”C@
FMQ>FBSTLLM?NNQR{„@UPCV>@
^ƒ@\?•QaSTL@ML^w@STqCSIJ
~
Báo cáo thực tập Hoàng Thị Huệ – K38
uLaFBC]Mo\MXOHCSIJ<‰CSI
Jk^tyML‹CXM>F[SjF[<
•MMCIIJk{>FJCNLaFB^t>FJ\’Sn
“HIIJ_?XSMKƒI^
@VUS\OH>@S\ajHv>IM>@^_
HUM‚U•W<6FMF^tNLM?NUPZLaFB^t
SnHICG_FO^tQaPI\VBLM
?NzN>F^tIIJHB<
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* Phân cấp quản lý vốn cố định:

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1.4. Hiệu quả sử dụng vốn.
1.4.1. Khái niệm.
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FMq[U?VJ<

Hiệu quả kinh doanh: G‚C?QLM?N@CONXF|
UN>FBOSTLA\HLM?NX^tU
QMVFMQ>FBSmVULMKNpVNV< ?Q
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I“
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1.4.2. Hệ thống các chỉ tiêu đánh giá hiệu quả sử dụng VCĐ của
doanh nghiệp :
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