bai ktra

A.Infinitive with to ( động từ nguyên mẩu có “to”)
To infinitive with to is used in these following situations:
1. The subject of a sentence:
Ex: to save money is necessary now.
2. The complement of a verb:
Ex: our duty is to study harder.
3. Object:
* To infinitive is used as object of these verbs:
“ agree, arrange, ask, attemp, begin, care, choose, decide, deserve, determine, edmand, desire, expect,
fail, forget, happen, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, manage, mean, neglect( bỏ mặc), offer, plan, …
Ex: we hope to pass the next exam with high marks.
• To infinitive is used as object of these abjectives:
Able, afraid, amused, annoy, anxious, astonished, certain, delighted, eager, easy, glad, hard, pleased,
ready..
Ex: I’m very glad to see you again.
• To infinitive is used after “ for/ of”
Ex: I’ll wait for you to finish the tasks.
4. To infinitive is used after Noun or pronoun to replace for a clause.
Ex:English is an important language to master.
Ex: Have you got anyhting to read now?
5. To infinitive is used to express a purpose or result
Ex: We go to school to widen our knowledge.
Ex: He was born to succeed in many fields.
B. Bare infinitive:
Bare infinitive is used in these situations:
1. After “modal verbs”
Ex: He can speak three languages
2. After the verbs of sense: “ feel, hear, see, watch, smell, .. and notice, make, let”
3. After proverbs: had better, would rather,
Exercise:
Insert TO where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.

1. It is easy (be) wise after the event.
2. Do you (wish) (make) a complaint?
3. We don’t (want) anybody (know) that we are here.
4. IF you can’t (remember) his number you’d better (look) it up.
5. I want her (learn) Esperanto; I think everybody ought to (know) it.
6. He is said (be) the best surgeon in the country.
7. Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals.
8. Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please?
I’m afraid Mr Pitt isn’t in. Would you like (speak) with his secretary?
9. It’d better (travel) hopefully than (arrive).
10. He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn’t you had better (show)
him.
11. He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt.
12. I heard the door (open) and saw the shadow (move) across the floor.
13. He tried (make) me (believe) that he wasn’t my stepmother.
14. As we seem (have missed) the train we may as well (go) back to the house.
15. I felt the house (shake) with the explosion.
16. He told me (try) (come) early.
17. Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what we had seen.
18. Would you (like) (come) in my car?
No, thanks, I’d rather (walk).
19. I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off.
20. It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) in under your bed is an old stocking.
21. He doesn’t even bother (read) letters, let alone (answer) them.
22. The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe.
23. If you knew he was wrong, why didn’t you (say) something?I didn’t like him (say)
anything because he always gets angry if you contradict him.
24. It’s better (be) to sure than sorry.
25. What do you (want0 me (tell) him? Tell him that any time he cares (call) I shall be
delighted (discuss) the matter with him.

26. Did you remember (give) him the money? No, I didn’t. I still have it in my pocket; but
I’ll (see) him tonight and I promise (not forget) this time.
27. I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes.
28. This is far too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you.
29. I was afraid (pick) up the revolver as I don’t know how (handle) firearms.
30. I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames.
THE GERUND
A.Gerund is used in these situations:
1. Subject of a verb
Ex: learing foreigner language is very necessary.
2. Object of a verb:
Ex: we hace just finished doing our homework.
3. Object of a adjective:
Ex: most children are fond of eating sweets.
B. Gerund and Infinitive:
1. The verbs followed by gerund
Admit, avoid, anticipate, begin, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, forgive, imagine, involve,
like, love, mind, miss,, practise, prevent, postpne, remember, regret, risk, ..
• after some phrase of verbs: can’t bear, can’t face, can’t stand, can’t help, feel like, it’s no
good, it’s no use..
ex: I can’t hep laughing whenever he tells a joke.
2. the verbs followed by to infinitive
Agree, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, choose, decide, deserve, determine, demand, desire, expect,
fail..
3. the verbs followed by both gerund and to infinitive:
* Stop:- to infinitive: the driver stopped to ask the way
- gerund: ex: the driver stopped driving.
* Remember: -to infinitive:ex-Remember to post my letter on your way home
-gerund: ex- I remember locking the door when I returned home yesterday.
* Try : -to infinitive :ex- I try to swim across the river.

- gerund: ex- I try wearing the jeans before buying them.
*Advise, allow, permit, recommend: + O + to infinitive:ex-they don’t allow sts to smoke
+ gerund:ex-students are not allowed smoking.
Exercise:
Gerund and infinitive.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive)
1. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring).
2. If you go on (let) your dog (chase) cars he’ll end by (be) run over.
3. I prefer (drive) to (be driven).
4. I advised you (start) (look) for a flat at once.
5. Would you mind (lend) me 5$? I forgot (cash) a cheque.
6. (Lie) on this beach is much more pleasant than (sit) in the office.
7. She likes her children (go) to the dentist every six months.
8. By (neglect) (take) ordinary precautions he endangered the life of his crew.
9. An instructor is coming (show) us how (use) the aqualung.
10. I have no intention of (go) to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) my favourite actress in such
a dreadful part.
11. I suggest (telephone) the hospital before (ask) the police (look) for him.
12. After (hear) the conditions I decide (not enter) for the competition.
13. Some people seem (have) a passion for (write) the newspaper.
14. He expects me (answer) by return but I have no intentions of (reply) at all.
15. I tried (explain) to him but he refused (listen) and went on (grumble).
16. By (offer) enormous wages he is persuading men (leave) their present jobs and (work)
for him.
17. He postponed (make) a decision till it was too late (do) anything.
18. Image (have) (get) up at five a.m. everyday.
19. Try (forget) it; it isn’t worth (worry) about.
20. There is no point in (remain) in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything (help) the
people who (stay) there.
21. The horse won’t be well enough (run) in tomorrow’s race. He doesn’t seem (have

recovered) from his long journey.
22. At first I enjoyed (listen) to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) the same story
again and again.
23. It is usually easier (learn) a subject by (read) books than by (listen) to the lectures.
24. It wouldn’t be safe (start) down now; we’ll have (wait) till the mist clears.
25. After (discuss) the matter for an hour the committee adjourned without (have reached)
any decision.
26. It’s not much use (have) a bicycle if you don’t know how (ride) it.
27. He didn’t dare (leave) the house because he was afraid of (meet) someone who might
(recognize) him.
28. I distinctly remember (pay) him. I gave him 2 $.
29. Did you remember (give) him the key of the safe.
- No, I didn’t. I’ll go and do it now.
30. Please forgive me for (interrupt) you but would you mind (repeat) that last sentences?
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
II. PRESENT PARTICIPLE:
1. Go with “to be” to form “ continuous tense”
Ex:We are practising English at the moment
2. To combine two sentences with the same subjects:
Ex: Opening the botttle, the boy poured water out.
Or having opened the bottle, the boy poured water out
3. result or reason:
Ex: Not knowing the way, I stopped to ask for direction.
Ex:He was fired, wounding one of the bandits.
4. Replace the relative clause( active):
Ex: The girl who talked to you this morning is my sister.
 the girl talking to you this morning is my sister.
5. After some verbs or verb phrase:
• catch/ find/ leave/ + object+ V-ing
Ex: I caught the boy kicking the ball into the window.

• Go/ come/ spend/ waste/ be busy+ V-ing
Ex: We usually go shopping at weekend
6. Used as adjective for things
Ex: I didn’t enjoy the party, it was very boring
III/ PAST PARTICIPLE
1. As an attributive:
The broken bottle.(The bottle was broken)
2. As a predicative: after linking verbs. (be, seem, look, become…)
The worker looks tired.
3. Replace an adjective clause in passive voice:
“Romeo and Juliet” which was written by Shakepeare is the best tragedy I’ve ever seen.
• NOTES:
Past participle has passive meaning. & present participle has active meaning.
Ex: After we read an exciting story, we felt excited.
EXERCISES
Supply the correct forms of the words in brackets:
1. It’s quite an (excite)……………… game.
2. When I saw it, I felt (excite)…………………….
3. I went home early because I felt (bore)…………………….
4. He seems quite (satisfy)………………… with his new job.
5. It’s an (astonish)……………… news. All of us are (astonish)………………...
6. She was (amaze)…………………. to see that London drivers kept their cars to the left.
7.The government has promised to deal with the problem of (employ)…………… among
young people.
8. She was very (shock)………………….. by the news.
9. He cycled (care)……………….. and had an accident
10. It was a very (tire)……………… meeting.
11. No tree can grow on that soil . It is (tree)………………….
12. Julia sings more (beauty)………………… than Susan does.
13. I was (delight)………………… to get your letter this morning.

14. They all passed their exames without the slightest (difficult)…………………...
15. The lesson was so (interest)………………. that most of them went to sleep in the
middle.
16. I feel (interest)……………….. in this book.
17. I think that the price here are (reason)……………………..
18. They were (disapoint)……………….. when they read the result.
19. The weather this summer has been (disappoint)…………….
20. Were they (satisfy)……………….. when they got the job?
21. If you work hard, you’ll eventually (success)……………………...
22. The result of the test was (satisfy)………………….
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
PERFECT GERUND AND PERFECT PARTICIPLE
I/ GERUND AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE
1.Gerund:
a. Form: V-ing
b. Usage:
*Subject:
Ex: Going to cinema is fun
Ex: Behaving like that is not good.
Like the form:
Ex: going to the cinema is fun = it is fun to go to the cinema
*after preposition:
Ex: I’m thinking about going camping in the mountain
Ex: she is afraid of watching the ghost film.
+ some verbs with prep.
• to look forward to
• to insist on
• supprised at
• interested in
• busy with

*Object:
Ex:He likes swimminng
Ex: I stopped smoking 2 years ago
II/ PERFECT GERUND and PERFECT PARTICIPLE:
+ They are used the same in meaning:
Ex: finishing my homework, I went to bed.
=having finished my homework, Iwent to bed.
EXERCISES:
I. Gerund, infinitive and present participle.
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms. No that sometimes a bare infinitive
will be required.
1. ‘I was lonely at first,’ the old man admitted, ‘but after a time I got used to (live)
alone and even got (like) it.’
2. Before trains were invented people used (travel) on horseback or in stage
coaches. It used (take) a stage coach three days (go) from London to Bath.
3. I meant (buy) an evening paper but I didn’t see anyone (sell) them.
4. Tom: I want (catch) the 7 a.m. train tomorrow.
Ann: but that means (get) up at 6; and you’re not very good at (get) up early, are
you?
5. He accepted the cut in salary without complaint because he was afraid
(complain). He was afraid of (lose) his job.
6. She remembers part of her childhood quite clearly. She remembers (go) to school
for the first time and (be) frightened and (put) her finger in her mouth. And she
remembers her teacher (tell) her (take) it out.
7. Did you remember (lock) the car?
No, I didn’t. I'd better (go) back and (do) it now.
8. No, I didn’t move the bomb. I was afraid (torch) it; I was afraid of (be) blown to
pieces!
9. Next time we go (house-hunt), remember (ask) the agent for clear directions. I
wasted hours (look) for the last house.

10.Tom: Let’s (go) for a swim!
Ann: I'm not particularly keen on (swim). What about (go) for a drive instead?
11. .I want the boy (grow) up hating violence but his father keeps (buy) him guns
and swords.
It’s almost impossible (prevent) boy (play) soldiers.
12.Would your children mind (keep) quiet for a moment? I'm trying (fill) in a form.
it is + adj + to-infinitive
It’s no use (ask) children (keep) quiet. They can't help (make) a noise.
13.I'm thinking of (go) to Oxford tomorrow on my motorbike. Would you like
(come)?
No, thanks. I want (go) Oxford, but I'd rather (go) by train. I loathe (travel) by
road.
14.Let’s (go) (fish) today. There’s a nice wind. What about (come) with us, Ann?
No, thanks. I'm very willing (cut) sandwiches for you but I’ve no intention of
(waste) the afternoon (sit) in a boat (watch) you two (fish).
15.He resented (be) asked (wait). He expected the minister (see) him at once.
16.The police have put up a railing here (prevent) people (rush) out of the station
and (dash) straight across the road.
17.All day long we saw the trees (toss) in the wind and heard the waves (crash)
again the rocks.
18.I didn’t mean (eat) anything but the cakes looked so good that I couldn’t resist
(try) one.
19.Do you feel like (walk) there or shall we (take) a bus?
I'd rather go by bus. Besides, it’ll take ages (get) there on foot.
20.All right. When would you like (start)? In a few minutes?
Oh, let’s wait till it stops (rain); otherwise we’ll get soak (walk) to the bus
station.
21.The old miser spent all his time (count) his money and (think) up new hiding-
places. He kept (move) it about because he was terrified of (be robbed). He used
(get) up at night sometimes (make) sure it was still there.

22.Jack suggested (let) one flat and (keep) the other for myself. But Tom advised me
(sell) the whole house.
23.The child used (lean) on the gate (watch) the people (go) to work in the mornings
and (Come) home in the evenings. And he used to hear them (shout) greetings to
each other and (talk) loudly.
24.He soon got (know) most of them and even managed (learn) the greetings. Then
they began (greet) him too on their way to work and sometimes would stop (talk)
to him on their way home.
25.He succeeded in (untie) himself, (climb) out of the window and (crawl) along a
narrow ledge to the window of the next room.
26.Did you have any trouble (find) the house?
No, but I had a lot of difficult (get) in. Nobody seemed (know) where the key
was.
27.Bill couldn’t bear (see) anyone (sit) round idly. Whenever he found me (relax) or
(read) he would (produce) a job which, he said, had (be) done at once. I wasted a
morning (perform) his ridiculous tasks and spent the rest of the weekend (keep)
out of his way.
28.After (spend) a week in the cottage, he decided that he didn’t really enjoy (live)
in the country and began (think) of an excuse for (sell) the cottage and (return) to
London.
29.It’s no use (argue) with him. You might as well (argue) with a stone wall. He is
incapable of (see) anyone else’s point of view.
30.I'm delighted (hear) that you can come on Saturday. We are all looking forward
to (see) you. Remember (bring) your rubber boots.
REPORTED SPEED
I. REPORTED SPEED WITH INFINITIVE
1. Reported order and requests:
2. reported offers and comment
II/REPORTED SPEED WITH GERUND
1. suggest 2. admit 3. insist on 4. apologize for

5. accuse sb of 6. dream of 7. prevent sb from
8. deny 9. thank sb for 10. think of 11. look forward to
EXERCISES:
I/. Indirect speech: commands, requests, advice, suggestions.
Put the following into indirect speech.
1. ‘Would you please fill in this form and then join in the queue by the door?’ said the
clerk.
2. ‘Could you read the last sentence again, please?’ said the girl.
3. ‘Could I have a new queue book, please?’ said the girl.
‘Could you show me your old cheque book?’ said the bank clerk.
4. Postcard: be ready to move off at very short notice, Tom.
Ann (reading it to Mary): Tom says that we …
5. ‘Please, please don’t tell my mother,’ begged the boy.
6. ‘Don’t fire except in self-defence,’ said the police sergeant.
7. ‘Why don’t you task the rest of the day off?’ said my assistant.
8. ‘Will you have me to move the piano please?’ said my aunt.
9. ‘Don’t drive too close to the car in front,’ said the driving instructor.
10. ‘Don’t smoke near the petrol pumps,’ said the mechanic.
11. ‘When you have chosen a book, bring it to me and I'll stamp it,’ said the librarian.
12. ‘Show the boarding card to the man at the roof of the gangway,’ said the clerk.
13. ‘Reduce speech now,’ said a huge notice. (omit now)
14. ‘Could I see your tickets, please?’ said the inspector.
15. ‘Keep an eye on your luggage,’ he said. ‘This place is full of thieves.
16. ‘When you have read this, pass it on to the next person on the list,’ he said.
17. ‘Why not light a fire on the bank and cook the fish at once?’ suggested the fisherman.
18. ‘Whenever you see the number “7” on the screen, press this button,’ he said.
19. ‘Sit down and tell me what is worrying you,’ he said to her.
20. ‘Walk along the line of men,’ said the police sergeant ‘and if you recognize your
attacker, just nod. Don’t say anything.’
21. ‘Even if you feel hungry don’t eat anything between meals,’ said the dietician.

22. ‘Could you ring up the taxi rank and order a taxi for me?’ said Tom.
‘Why don’t you go by tube?’ said Ann. ‘It’s much quicker.’
23. ‘Let’s buy some yeast and make our own bread,’ said Mary.
‘The bread we’re getting now is absolutely tasteless.’
24. ‘IF you have to use the river water,’ said the guide, ‘boil it first. Don’t drink it
unboiled.’
25. ‘Let’s not tell anyone,’ said Tom, ‘till we are quite certain that the report is true.’
26. Tom (on the phone to Ann): I’ve got the tickets. Meet me at the air terminal at 6.30.
(Image you are Ann. Report this message to Mary, who is standing beside you. Begin
:Tom says …)
27. ‘Let’s show that we are united,’ urged the shop steward, ‘by voting unanimously to
continue the strike.’
28. ‘Will customer please count their change,’ said a notice above the cashier’s desk, ‘as
mistakes can't be rectified afterwards?’
29. ‘Don’t clap yet,’ warned my friend. ‘She hasn’t finished. Singers loathe people who
clap too soon,’ he added.
30. ‘Don’t forget to put your name at the top of the page,’ he said.
65. Indirect speech: sentences with let.
Put the following into indirect speech.
1. ‘Let’s go to the cinema,’ said Ann. Yes, let’s,’ I said.
2. The Prime Minister said, ‘Let us show the nation that we are worthy of their
confidence.’ (Use urged.)
3. ‘Let me stay up a little longer tonight, mother,’ begged the child.
4. ‘Let’s eat out tonight,’ said Ann. ‘Too expensive,’ objected Tom. ‘Why don’t we go to
your flat and have scrambled eggs?’
5. The police officer said, ‘Let’s leave the wrecked car here for a bit. It may remind other
drivers to be more careful.’
6. ‘The neighbour will object!’ said Ann.
‘Let them,’ said Tom.
7. ‘Let’s go on a diet,’ said Ann.

‘All right,’ said Mary reluctantly.
8. ‘Tom made this mess. Let him clear up,’ said his father.
9. ‘It’s Mothering Sunday tomorrow,’ said the boy. ‘Let’s buy Mum some flowers.’
10. ‘Let’s take a tent and camp out,’ said Bill.
‘Let’s go to a nice hotel and be comfortable,’ said Mary.
11. ‘Let’s give a party,’ said Ann.
‘Let’s not,’ said her husband.
12. I said, ‘Let’s not jump to conclusions. Let’s wait till we hear confirmation of this
rumour.’
13. ‘The newspapers will say it’s your fault,’ warned his colleagues.
‘Let them say what they like,’ he said.
14. ‘Let the nations forget their differences and work together for peace,’ said the preacher.
15. ‘Let me explain,’ she said. ‘Don’t be in such a hurry.’
16. ‘Let the children play in the garden if they want to,’ she told the gardener. ‘I'm sure they
won't do any harm.’
17. ‘Let’s stay here till the storm has passed,’ I said.
18. ‘It’s the government fault. Let them do something about it,’ grumbled my father.
II/. Indirect speech: sentences with must, needn’t and have to.
Put the following into indirect speech.
1. He said, ‘IF what you say is true I must go to the police.’
2. He said, ‘I must be at the docks at six a.m. tomorrow.’
3. ‘Must you make such a noise?’ he asked.
4. ‘You mustn’t come in with out knocking,’ he told us.
5. ‘Your tickets will cost 5$,’ I said.
‘In that case,’ said my nephew, ‘I must go to the bank tomorrow.’
6. Park notice: Dogs must be kept on a lead.
7. His father said, ‘Tom must work harder next term.’
8. ‘You needn’t come in tomorrow,’ said my employer. ‘Take the day off.’
9. ‘I must go to the dentist tomorrow,’ he said. ‘I have an appointment.’
10. Notice: passengers must not lean out of the window.

11. He said, ‘There must be someone in the house; there’s smoke coming from the
chimney.’
12. She said, ‘When you are a big boy you’ll have to ties in your own shoes.’
13. ‘Port wine must be never shaken,’ my wine merchant said.
14. ‘He hasn’t had anything to eat since breakfast; he must be starving,’ she said.
15. The official said, ‘This passport photo isn’t like you at all. You must have another one
taken.’
16. ‘You mustn’t play with knives, children,’ said their mother.
17. ‘I needn’t get up till nine tomorrow,’ I said.
18. Railway regulations: Passengers must be in possession of a valid ticket before traveling.
19. ‘How did you get your bulldog up the escalator?’ I said.
‘I carried him,’ said Tom.
‘You must be very strong,’ I said admiringly.
20. ‘You mustn’t tell anyone what I’ve just told you,’ she said to me.
21. ‘Need I eat all, mummy?’ said the child.
‘Yes, dear, you must,’ she said.
22. ‘I had to drive your pigs out of my garden,’ she said.
23. ‘Sticks and umbrellas must be left at the desk,’ said the notice in the museum.
24. ‘Must you do it tonight? Couldn’t you leave some for tomorrow?’ I asked her.
25. ‘When you go through Bayeux you must see the tapestry,’ he told me.
26. He said, ‘You must walk faster; you are far too slow.’
27. ‘You mustn’t forget to put the stamp on or your friend will have to pay double postage,’
he told me.
28. ‘I needn’t tell you how grateful I am,’ he said.
II.I/ Indirect speech to direct speech.
Put the following into indirect speech with the appropriate punctuation.
1. She asked if he’ like to go to the concert and I said that I was sure she would.
2. She told me to look where I was going as the road was full of holes and was very badly
lit.
3. They said that while they were bathing they saw someone examining their clothes.

4. I asked if she had looked everywhere and she said that she had.
5. She suggested giving her a bottle of wine.
6. He said that the new carpet had arrived and asked where he was to put it.
7. He said that two days previously an enormous load of fire wood had been dumped at his
front gate and that since then he hadn’t been able to get his car.
8. They offered me some more wine and I accepted.
9. He said that if I found the front door locked I was to go round to the back.
10. She asked the burglars who they were and who had let them in. They told her to sit
down and keep quiet unless she wanted to get hurt.
11. He asked what the weather had been like during my holidays and I said that it had been
awful.
12. He suggested going down the harbour and seeing if they could hire a boat.
13. He said that if I didn’t like escalators I could go up the emergency staircase. I thanked
him and said that I would do it.
14. He suggested that he and I should go ahead and get tickets.
15. He said that he thought my electric iron was unsafe and advised me to have it seen to.
16. He said that if war broke out he would have to leave the country at once.
17. I asked him if he had enjoyed house-hunting and he said that he hadn’t.
18. She said that she was surprised to see that the grandfather clock had stopped and asked
if anyone had been fiddling with it.
19. She said that she had tried to ring up her mother several times on the previous day but
had not succeeded in getting through.
20. I asked her if she’d like to borrow the book but she thanked me and said that she had
already read it and hadn’t liked it very much.
21. He wanted to know if I was going to the dance and suggested that we should make up a
party and go another.
22. I told her to stop making a fuss about nothing and said that she was lucky to have got a
seat at all.
23. The clerk in the booking office enquired if I wanted a singled or returned ticket. I asked
if the return was any cheaper. He said it made no difference.

24. My employer hoped I would not be offended if he told me that, in his opinion, I would
do better in some other kind of job.
25. The AA man told the woman that if her wheels had gone a couple of inches nearer the
edge, the car would have plunged into the ravine.
26. He said I mustn’t mind if the first one wasn’t any good.
27. He asked the crowd if they thought that he was a liar and the crowd shouted that they
did.
28. I stopped a man in the street and asked him to help me with my car. The man asked if it
would take long, explaining that he was on his way to catch train.
.IV/ Indirect speech: mixed types.
1. Letter (from Paul to Ann): Please get me a small tent and camping equipment for two
people.
Ann (telling Mary about this): Paul wants …
2. Mr White (on the phone to Mr Black’s secretary: Ask Mr Black to meet me at six in the
bar on the ground floor.
Secretary (reporting this to Mr Black): Mr White would like …
3. ‘Shall I go and get a candle?’ said Ann when the light out suddenly.
‘I'd rather you got another bulb,’ said Mr Jones.
‘But there aren’t any,’ said Ann, ‘and the shops are shut.’
4. ‘Don’t worry about a few minutes,’ said Peter. ‘I make mistake all the time.’
‘Do you learn from you mistakes?’ I asked. ‘Or do you keep making the same ones?’
5. ‘I'm looking for a man called Albert, who drinks in this bar,’ I said. ‘I should keep away
from Albert if I were you,’ said the barman. ‘He doesn’t like strangers and might turn
nasty.’
6. ‘Could I have a look at your paper for a moment?’ said the man.
‘I just want to see the football result.’
‘I haven’t quite finished with it,’ I said. ‘Could you wait a moment?’
‘I can't wait long,’ he said. ‘I'm getting off at the next stop.’
7. ‘You woke everyone up last night,’ said the mother. ‘You must try to be quieter
tonight.’

‘We will,’ I promised.
8. ‘The soup’s cold again,’ complained Mr Jones. ‘Why do I never have hot soup?’
‘Because the kitchen’s so far from the dinning room,’ explained his wife. ‘If you insist
on living in a castle you must put up with its disadvantages.’
‘What about getting an ex-Olympic runner as an au pair girl?’ said Mr Jones.
‘She wouldn’t stay,’ sighed his wife.
9. ‘Your license is out of date,’ said the policeman.
‘It is,’ I admitted, ‘but I have applied for a new one.’
‘Next time,’ he said severely, ‘apply for a new one before your current one has
expired.’
10. ‘’I'll have the money for you next week. Shall I post it to you?’ I said.
Could you keep it in your safe till I can come and collect it?’ said Tom, ‘a lot of my
mail has been going astray lately and I'd hate to lose one of your large cheques.’
11. ‘’Could I borrow your map again?’ said Peter.
‘You’re always borrowing it. Why don’t you get one of your own?’ I said.
12. ‘When you hear the fire bell,’ he said, ‘shut the windows and go down stairs.’
‘And what shall we do if the stairs are blazing?’ I asked.
13. ‘Can you hear that noise?’ Ann said. ‘What do you think it is?’
‘I think it’s only rats running up and down inside the wall,’ I said.
‘I think it’s someone trying to get in,’ she said. ‘You’d better go and see.’
14. ‘’It’s your turn baby-sit tonight,’ they told Ann.
‘It can't be!’ said Ann indignantly. ‘I baby-sat last night! And the night before! And I'm
only supposed to do two nights a week!’
‘Could you possible do it just this once?’ they said. ‘And we promise not to ask you to
do any next week.’
15. ‘This is the best restaurant in tow,’ said the taxi driver. ‘The only problem is that they
expect guest to wear ties.’
‘Then why have you brought us here?’ said the tourists indignantly.
‘Don’t get excited,’ said the taxi driver, opening a box. ‘I keep ties specially for
gentlemen in your predicament. What colour would you like? They’re all the same

price.’
16. ‘Shall I start tomorrow?’ I said.
‘I'd rather you started today,’ said Tom.
17. ‘Why don’t you go and see the film? It may help you to understand the book,’ I said.
‘But the film’s quite different from the book,’ Ann pointed out.
18. ‘I saw the two climbers,’ said the helicopter pilot. ‘And one of them sat up and wave to
me.’
‘Which one of them waved?’ I said.
‘I don’t know,’ he answered. ‘I wasn’t near enough to see them clearly.’
19. ‘What caused the ship to sink?’ I said.
‘She must have struck the submerged wreck,’ said the coxswain of the lifeboat. ‘But I
can't understand it, because the wreck is very clearly marked with buoys.’
20. ‘My car won't start! Exclaimed Mary. ‘The battery’s flat again! Could you possible give
me a push just to start me down the hill?’
‘Why don’t you sell the car?’ said Bill.
‘Nobody would buy it,’ said Peter. ‘What about just putting a match to it?’
21. ‘I've been given so many bottles of wine lately that I'll have to buy another wine rack,’
said Mr Jones.
‘Why don’t you throw a party and save yourself the expense of a wine rack?’ I
suggested.
22. ‘Press button A to start the engine,’ he said.
‘But last time you told me to press button B!’ I said.
‘That was on a slightly different type of machine,’ he explained.
23. ‘Don’t brake if you find yourself skidding,’ said Tom. ‘That only makes it worse. Try to
steer into the skid.’
‘I know what I should do,’ I said. ‘But when I start skidding I get so excited that I do
the exact opposite.’
‘Then stop and let me take over,’ said Tom. We’re just coming to an icy bit and I don’t
want to die just yet.’
24. ‘I've run out of stamps,’ said my father. ‘Have you got any?’

‘No, but I'll go out and get you some if you like,’ I said.
‘Don’t bother,’ he said. ‘I've missed the post anyway.’
25. ‘Repairs to cars rented from us must be arranged through our office,’ he said. ‘So if
anything goes wrong with the one you’ve hired, please ring the number printed on your
card. The office is open from nine to six, Monday to Friday.’
‘But what shall I do if something goes wrong with it outside office hours?’ I said.
26. ‘Why didn’t you signal to the tanker that she was coming too close?’ I said.
‘We did signal,’ said the pilot, ‘but she came on in and ran ground.’
‘What’s going to happen to her?’ I said.
‘We’re going to try to tow her off tonight she’ll be here till she breaks up, and there’ll
be an oil slick all along the coast.’
27. ‘Why are you spending so long on those accounts?’ I asked.
‘Because I can't make them balance,’ he said. ‘I seem to be 13$ short; and that means
that I'll have to put in 13$ of my own money to make it up.’
‘Would you like me to go through them and see if I can find a mistake?’ I said.
‘No,’ he said, ‘but I'd like you to lend me 13$.’
28. ‘Why are you looking so depressed, Jack?’ I said.
‘Because I've just asked Ann to marry me and she refused,’ he said sadly.
‘I think she prefers clean-shaven men,’ I said. ‘Why don’t you cut your hair and shave
off your beard and try again.’
29. ‘How did you get up that tree?’ Mary asked.
‘I used a ladder, of course,’ he snapped. ‘But someone went off with it when I was
sawing. Go and get another one and don’t just stand there asking silly questions.’
30. ‘Are you ill?’ he said coldly.
‘No,’ I said.
‘Did you sleep well last night?’
‘Yes,’ I said.
‘Then why are you sitting about when all the others are working? Go out at once and
give them a hand.’
31. ‘Will passengers with nothing to declare please go through the green door?’ said a

customs office.
‘You’d better go through the green door, Mary,’ said Peter, ‘but I'll have to go through
the other one. I'll take a bit longer than you will, so wait for me at the other end.’
32. ‘(Image that you have received the following postcard from your brother Tom. Report it
at once to the other members of the family. Begin: Tom says …)
Don’t worry about me. I wasn’t badly injured and I'm being very well look after. I'm
coming back next Wednesday on the nine o’clock from Zurich. Could you please meet
the plane?
33. ‘What shall I do with my wet shoes?’ said the boy.
‘You’d better stuff them with newspaper and put them near the fire,’ said his mother.
‘But don’t put them too near or they’ll go hard.’
34. ‘Let’s drive on to the next village and try the hotel there,’ he said.
‘But what will we do if that’s full to?’ I asked.
‘We’ll just have to sleep in the car,’ he said. ‘It will be too late to try anywhere else.’
35. ‘’They have a rather fierce dog,’ said Ann; ‘but she’s heavy sleeper, and with any luck
hear you breaking in.’
‘What’ll I do if he wakes up?’ I said.
‘If he starts growling, given him some of these biscuits,’ said Ann.
‘How do you know that he likes these particular biscuit?’
‘All dog like them,’ Ann assured me. ‘It says so on the packet.’
36. ‘If you even touch one of the pictures,’ warned the attendant, ‘alarm bells will ring all
over the gallery and you will be arrested instantly.’
‘Are you serious? I said.
‘Try it and see,’ he answered with a glint in his eye.
WEEK: 13-14-15 PERIOD:13-14-15
PD: _________TD___________
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1. Present real condition
If + S + simple present - S + will (can, shall, may) + Verb in simple form.
Ex: If he tries much more, he will improve his English.

2. Present unreal condition
If + S + simple past - S + would (could, should, might) + Verb in simple form
Ex: If I had enough money now, I would buy this house .
Ex: If I were you, I wouldn't do such a thing.
2. Past unreal condition
If + S + had + PIII/ED - S + would(could, shoult,might) + have + PIII/ED
Ex: If he had studied harder for that test, he would have passed it.
Ex: If she had caught the train, she would be here by now.
*Some others types:
 If you will/would : .
Ex: If you will/would wait for a moment, I will go and see if Mr Conner is here.
 If + Subject + Will/Would :
Ex: If he will listent to me, I can help him.
Ex: If you will turn on the music loudly late the night, no wonder why your neighbour
complain.
 If you could: .
Ex: If you could open your book, please.
 If + Subject + should + ..... + imperative.
Ex: If you should find any dificulty in using that TV, please call me this number.
3. Should you inf... then:
Ex: If she can’t come to us, then we will have to go and see her.
4. the condition expresses the fact we can use the simple tense
Ex: If you want to learn a musical instrument, you have to practice.
Ex: If you did not do much maths at school, you will find economics difficult to understand.
Ex: If that was Marry, why didn’t she stop and say hello.
5. If... should = If... happen to... = If... should happen to... to express something not sure
Ex: If you should happen to pass a supermarket, perhaps you could get some eggs. 6. If..
was/were to...
Ex: If the boss was/were to come in now (= if the boss came in now), we would be in real
trouble.

Ex: What would we do if I was/were to lose my job.
Ex: If you were to to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down.
Ex: Correct: If I knew her name, I would tell you.
Incorrect: If I was/were to know...
7. If it + to be + not + for: .
Ex: Ex: If it wasn’t/weren’t for the children, that couple wouldn’t have any thing to talk
about.
Ex: If it hadn’t been for your help, I don’t know what we would have done.
8. Not is sometimes added to express surprise.
Ex: Ex: I wonder if we shouldn’t ask the doctor to look at Mary.
9. It would... if + subject + would... (not used in writing speed)
Ex: Ex: It would be better if they would tell every body in advance.
Ex: Ex: How would we feel if this would happen to our family.
10. If... ‘d have... ‘have: thường được sử dụng trong văn nói, không sử dụng trong văn viết
Ex: Ex: If I’d have known, I’d have told you.
Ex: Ex: If she’d have recognized him it would have been funny.
11. If + preposition + noun/verb... (subject + be bÞ lîc bá)
Ex: If in doubt, ask for help (=If you are in doubt)
Ex: If about to go on a long journey, try to have a good nights sleep
(= If you are about to go on... )
12. If + any/anything/ever/not
Ex: There is little if any good evidence for flying saucers.
(=There is little evidence if ther is any at all, for flying saucers)
Ex: I’m not angry. If anything, I feel a little surprised.
Ex: I’d say he was more like a father, if anything
Ex: He seldom if ever travel abroad.
Ex: Usually, if not always, we write “cannot” as one word
13. If + Adjective = although
Ex: His style, if simple, is pleasant to read.
Ex: The profits, if little lower than last year’s, are still extremely wealthy

His style may be simple, but it is pleasant to read
EXERCISES:
. I/Conditionals sentences: type 1
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1. I'll look for you notebook and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring.