Grammar 12

Reported speech
A. Câu phát biểu
- He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”
 He said that he had lost his pen that morning.
- She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.”
 She told him that she would go with him the next day.
Ghi nhớ : muốn đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta phải :
+ Giữ nguyên động từ giới thiệu said hoặc đổi said to thành told nếu có túc từ.
+ Thay đổi đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu… Ngôi thứ 1(I/we/me/my..) đổi thành ngôi thứ như chủ
từ(subject)ở mệnh đề chính. Ngôi thứ 2 (you/your)đổi thành ngôi thứ của túc từ. Ngôi thứ 3(he/she/they..) giữ
nguyên không đổi.
+ Thay đổi thì của động từ trong câu : bằng cách cho lùi về quá khứ một bậc.
Direct speech Reported speech
- simple present  - simple past
- present cont  - past continuous
- present perfect  - past perfect
- simple past  - past perfect
- past continuous  - past perfect continuous
- present per.cont  - past perfect continuous
- simple future  - present conditional (should/would)
- past perfect  - past perfect
- perfect conditional  - unchanged (khơng đổi)
+ Thay m ộ t s ố t ừ th ờ i gian & à n ơ i ch ố n.
- now  - then
- today / tonight  - that day / that night
-tonight  - that night
- tomorrow  - the following day / the next day
- yesterday  - the previous day / the day before
- next week / month…  - the following week / month…
- last week /month…  - the week before /the month before…

- the day before yesterday  - two days before
- the day after tomorrow  - in two days’ time
- ago  - before
- tomorrow morning  - the following morning
- last Tuesday  - the Tuesday before
- right now  - at once
- here  - there
- this / these  - that / those
- He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.”
 He said that he would come there to take that book.
- They said to us : “You must do this work right now.”
 They told us that we had to do that work at once.
* Khi câu động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại đơn, thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp không
đổi và các từ chỉ thời gian hoặc nơi chốn vẫn giữ nguyên.

- The doctor says to her : “You will have to stay here until tomorrow.”
 The doctor tells her that she will have to stay here until tomorrow.
B Câu hỏi
- She said to me : “Do you like swimming ?”
 She asked me if/whether I liked swimming.
- Tom said : “Has she finished her home work ?”
 Tom wanted to know if she had finished her homework.
- He asked me : “Why did you come home so late last night?”
 He asked me why I had come home so late the night before.
- Mary said : “ What’s he doing now?”
 Mary wondered what he was doing then.
Ghi nhớ: Đổi said thành asked + object, wondered hay wanted to know
C Câu mệnh lệnh
- The teacher said : “Go to the blackboard, John.”
 The teacher told John to go to the blackboard.

- He said to them : “Don’t be late tomorrow.”
 He told them not to be late the next day.
Ghi nhớ : Đổi said hay said to thành told hay asked + Object.
+ Dùng to để thay thế cho dấu hai chấm và ngoặc kép khi là câu mệnh lệnh xác đònh và
dùng not to khi là câu mệnh lệnh phủ đònh.
Tóm tắt Câu gián tiếp (reported speech)
Statements
(Câu phát biểu)
* S + said + (that) + clause
* S + told + O + (that) + clause
Commands
(Câu mệnh
lệnh)
* S + told + O + to infinitive
* S + told + O + not + to infinitive
Wh-questions
(Câu hỏi nội
dung)
* S + asked + (O) + wh-… + clause
* S + wondered + wh-… + clause
* S + wanted to know + wh-… + clause
Yes-no questions
(Câu hỏi có
không)
* S + asked + (O) + if / whether + clause
* S + wondered + if /whether + clause
* S + wanted to know + if / whether + clause

QUI TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM :
1. Từ 2 âm tiết:

- Đối với động từ, tính từ, trạng từ và giới từ có qui luật cơ bản như sau: Nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa ngun âm
dài hoặc ngun âm kép( ngoại trù âm / / thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai.
Ví dụ : arrive (v) , attract (v) correct (adj )
_ Ngược lại, nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa ngun âm ngắn hoặc ngun âm kép / / hoặc được kết thúc bằng
một phụ âm thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu.
Ví dụ: open (v) borrow (v), lovely (adv) , sorry ( adj ) , rather ( adv)
_ Đối với danh từ, nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa ngun âm ngắn thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu. Ví dụ : money,
product, ....... Và ngược lai , nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa ngun âm dài hoặc ngun âm kép thì trọng âm rơi vào
âm tiết thứ hai.
Ví dụ : balloon, design, estate...........

I/ Put into the reported speech :
1/ Tom said : “I want to buy a bicycle for my brother.”
- _________________________________________________________
2/ She said : “I once spent my vacation in this village.”
- _________________________________________________________
3/ The librarian said : “Don’t make noise, boys “
- _________________________________________________________
4/ They said to me : “You taught us last year.”
- _________________________________________________________
5/ Mr.Pike said : “Our house cost us much money.”
- _________________________________________________________
6/ He said to his sister : “ I can’t find my hat anywhere in this room.”
- _________________________________________________________
7/ My father said to them : “My secretary is going to finish this job.”
8/ They said : “We can’t meet you here either today or tomorrow.”
- _________________________________________________________
9/ My friend said : “I think it won’t rain tomorrow.”
- _________________________________________________________
10/ He said : “Your car need repairing, Sam.”

- _________________________________________________________
11/ They said : “The Browns has ever lived in this house.”
- _________________________________________________________
12/ He said : “I’ll expect you to come here tomorrow.”
- _________________________________________________________
13/ The students said : “ We’ll be sitting for our next exam next Friday.”
- _________________________________________________________
14/ He said : “ I’m going to finish my work right now.”
- _________________________________________________________
II/ Change to the reported speech:
1/ Mr. Smith said : “Where are you going on your vacation this year ?”
- _________________________________________________________
2/ She said : “Did the mechanis finish repairing your car ?”
- _________________________________________________________
3/ She said : “Why has David been looking so miserable lately ?”
- _________________________________________________________
4/ I asked my friend : “Was anyone hurt in the car accident last month ?”
- _________________________________________________________
5/ She asked me : “How old are you now ?”
- _________________________________________________________
6/ He said to her : “Have you been to town today ?”
- _________________________________________________________
7/ John said : “How long does it take you to get to London, Mary ?”

- _________________________________________________________
8/ The policeman asked the little girl : “What’s your name ?”
- _________________________________________________________
9/ Mr. Green said to his secretary : “Who did you talk to a few minutes ago ?”
- _________________________________________________________
10/ Paul said : “Can you swim, Mary ?”

- _________________________________________________________
11/ He said : “Where can I find her in this town ?”
- _________________________________________________________
12/ She asked her son : “Do you know which is the cup you used ?”
- _________________________________________________________
13/ Helen said : “What did you say, Jack ?”
- _________________________________________________________
14/ She said to him : “ Why didn’t you get up early this morning ?”
- _________________________________________________________
15/ He said : “Will it rain tonight ?”
- _________________________________________________________
III : Turn into the reported speech:
1/ The manager said : “ Come into my office, please.”
- _________________________________________________________
2/ The teacher said to us : “Don’t make so much noise.”
- _________________________________________________________
3/ Mr.Green said : “Please come to our dinner tonight, Bill.”
- _________________________________________________________
4/ Susan said to Tom : “Don’t call me again at this late hour.”
- _________________________________________________________
5/ She said to the boy : “Show me what you have in your hand.”
- _________________________________________________________
6/ The policeman ordered : “Stay where you are and don’t touch anything.”-
_________________________________________________________
7/ The old lady said : “Will you please water these flowers for me.”
- _________________________________________________________
8/ She said : “Don’t leave your coat on this chair.”
- _________________________________________________________
9/ She said to him : “Don’t speak to me like that and behave yourself.”
- _________________________________________________________

10/ Peter said : “Would you mind lending me your dictionary till next Monday.”-
_________________________________________________________
I/ Make the correct choice:
1.When they got to the theatre, the play ______ .
a.was beginning b.has begun c.will begin d.had begun
2.If he ______ my invitation, I will be sad.
a.refused b.refuses c.will refuse d.refuse
3.He told me he ______ very ill since the day before.
a.had been b.was c.would be d.has been
4. ______ Sue needed some money to buy a camera, she cashed a cheque.
a.Until b.Although c.If d.Because
5. ______ carefully before you answer my questions.
a.Think b.Thinking c.To think d.Thought
6.When these tables are ______ steel, they are very heavy.
a.made from b.making from c.made of d.making of
7.When your money ______ in a bank, it gives you an interest.
a.is put b.is putting c.puts d.put

8.Everyone was amazed to see the man.
a.interested b.surprised c.excited d.bored
9.Can you ______ life without electricity.
a.think b.imagine c.memorize d.regret
10.We’ve just bought a new ______ cooker .
a.electricity b.electric c.electrical d.electrically
11.I’m really ______ with my job.
a.tired b.excited c.attracted d.bored
12.My aunt ______ living in the countryside.
a.is used for b.is used to c.used to d.is using
13.Mr Thomas ______ work on Sunday.
a.used to b.is used to c.used d.is used for

14.She asked me what ______ then.
a. I am doing b.I have been doing c.I was doing d.I were doing
15.He wishes he ______ school at the age of 14.
a.didn’t leave b.hadn’t left c.wouldn’t leave d.hasn’t left
16.How long ago ______ to learn French?
a.did you begin b.have you begun c.you began d.do you begin
17. ______ planets are there in the solar system?
a.How much b.How c.How many d.Where
18.English ______ all overthe world.
a.is speaking b.speaks c.spoke d.is spoken
19.What an amazing sight!
a.surprising b.interesting c.exciting d.boring
20.We should learn all the new words by heart in order to _____ our vocabulary.
a.do b.make c.create d.enrich
21.This room ______ since I was here.
a.was painted b.was painting c.has been painted d.has been panting
22.Did you speak to Mrs Baker ______ ?
a.lately b.yesterday c.the day before d.so far
23.Unless you ______ more careful, you will have an accident.
a.were b.are c.will be d.drive
24.We have met the writer ______ book is a best - seller.
a.who b.whom c.his d.whose
25.I am accustomed to living on my own.
a.used to b.fond of c.kind to d.interested in
26.The child ________ parents died in the air crash is living with his aunt.
a.who b.whom c.whose d.that
27.This place ________ the site of an animal market.
a.used to be b.used to being c.used for being d.was used to being
28.We will miss the plane if we ________ now.
a.leave b.don’t leave c.left d.didn’t leave

29. The city in ________ we were born is very small.
a.it b.which c. that d.where
30. She has studied French _______.
a.5 years ago b.for 5 years c.since 5 years d.in 5 years
31. What did you do last night ? -I _______ to the movies after I ______ my homework.
a.went/do b.had gone / did c.go /did d.went/had done
32.He was introduced to a well-known artist.
a.famous b.unknown c.dangerous d.humourous
33.Martin, _______ mother is Spanish, speaks both Spanish and English.
a.his b.who c.that d.whose
34.Yesterday at a restaurant, I _______ Pam , an old friend of mine.