Introductory visualizing technology 5th by debra geoghan chapter 1

PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany

Chapter 1

What Is a Computer?


Objectives
1. Explain the Functions of a Computer
2. Describe the Evolution of Computer Hardware
3. Describe How Computers Represent Data Using Binary Code
4. List the Various Types and Characteristics of Personal
Computers
5. Give Examples of Other Personal Computing Devices
6. List the Various Types and Characteristics of Multiuser
Computers
7. Explain Ubiquitous Computing and Convergence

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2


Explain the Functions
of a Computer
Computers are programmable machines that
convert raw data into useful information

Objective 1

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3


The Information Processing Cycle
Input

• Raw data, such as content entered in a
form, is input

Proces
s

• Raw data, when processed or
manipulated, produces information

Storag
e

Outpu
t

Objective 1

• Information is stored for later retrieval
• Processed raw data – now information –
is returned to the user
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4

Describe the Evolution
of Computer Hardware

Objective 2

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5


First-Generation Computers
 Used vacuum tubes
Resembled incandescent light bulbs
Emitted a lot of heat
Unreliable

 Massive in size
 Used manual switches to process
data

Objective 2

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First-Generation Computers

Objective 2

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Second-Generation Computers
 Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in 1947
Revolutionized the electronics industry

 More powerful
 Smaller
 More reliable
 Reprogrammed in less time

Objective 2

Transistor
s

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Third-Generation Computers
 Integrated circuits
Developed in the 1960s

Contained many tiny
transistors on semiconducting
material (silicon)

 Faster, smaller, and more
reliable

Objective 2

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Fourth-Generation Computers
 Microprocessor
Emerged in 1970s
Complex integrated circuit
that contains the central
processing unit (CPU), the
brain of a computer
First microprocessor was as
powerful as the ENIAC

Objective 2

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Moore’s Law
 Gordon Moore
1965
Number of transistors on an integrated
circuit doubled every two years
Prediction of continued exponential
growth
Current trend is closer to 18 months
Affects processing speeds and storage
capacity of modern electronic devices
Objective 2

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Describe How Computers Represent
Data Using Binary Code

Objective 3

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Binary Code
Binary Number System: 1s & 0s

 Binary code has two possible states: on/off,
1/0, yes/no
 Bit – the smallest unit of digital information
8 bits = 1 byte
 With 2 bits, there are four combinations of
states (10, 01, 11, 00)

Objective 3

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Binary Code
Binary Number System: 1s & 0s
 ASCII – uses 7 bits and
represents 128 characters
With 8 bits there are 256 different
possible combinations (28)

 Unicode – extended ACSII
and represents over
100,000 characters

Objective 3

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Measuring Data
 Bits measure data transfer
rates
 Bytes measure file size and
storage capacity

Objective 3

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15


List the Various Types and
Characteristics
of Personal Computers

Objective 4

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Desktop Computers
 Desktop computer
 Workstation
 All-in-one computer

Objective 4

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Notebook Computers
 Portable personal computers
May use a stylus (a digital pen)

 Convertible notebook
Has swivel screen

 Tablet
 Preinstalled mobile apps
 Netbook
Smallest type of notebook

 Subnotebook
Thin and light with high-end processor
Objective 4

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Mac or PC?

MAC
ADVANTAGES
•
•
•
•

Easy to set up and use
Great multimedia capabilities
Secure and stable
Productivity and Entertainment software
included

PC
ADVANTAGES
•
•
•
•
•

Objective 4

Less expensive for similar configuration
Can run many versions of Windows and Linux
More configuration choices
Preferred platform in most businesses
Most computer games are only available for
Windows PC

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Ergonomics
 Ergonomic (proper) workspace:
Proper posture
Use a footrest
Elbows on armrest bent at 90°
Monitor below eye level
Frequent breaks

Objective 4

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Ergonomics
 Improper workspace:
Can affect health, comfort, and productivity
Leads to discomfort and can result in
musculoskeletal disorders

Objective 4

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21


Give Examples of Other Personal
Computing Devices

Objective 5

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Mobile Devices
 Smartphones & Tablets
Internet access
Email access
Digital cameras
GPS
Mapping tools
Document editing
Mobile apps
Objective 5

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Wearables & GPS

 GPS (global positioning
system)
Satellite-based navigation
system
Used for:

 Wearables
Devices worn on the
body
Used for:

• Location and Navigation
• Tracking

• Health monitoring
• Communication
• Military operations

• Mapping

• Entertainment

• Timing
• Geocaching
Objective 5

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Video Game Systems and Simulations
 Game consoles: (Microsoft Xbox One, Sony
PlayStation 4, Nintendo Wii U)
High-end processors
High-end graphics capabilities
Play movies and music
Online game play
Browse the Internet
Use a game controller

Objective 5

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