Experiencing MIS 8th by m kronenke chapter 06

Chapter 6

The Cloud


“No, I mean 25 cents an hour . . . and probably less.”

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Using traditional, third-party hosting service whose servers not elastic.
Web hosting costs rising rapidly.
Lucas suggests using Web servers and databases in the cloud.
Cloud storage: $50/mo plus 25-cents per hour for processing time used.
Need to store large 3D printing design files.
Storage requirements depends on uncertain sales volume.

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Study Questions
Q1: Why is the cloud the future for most organizations?
Q2: What network technology supports the cloud?
Q3: How does the cloud work?
Q4: How do organizations use the cloud?

Q5: How can AllRoad Parts use the cloud?
Q6: How can organizations use cloud services securely?
Q7: 2025?

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Q1: Why Is the Cloud the Future for Most Organizations?

• The Cloud
– Elastic leasing of pooled computer resources via Internet
– Elastic
Leased computing resources, dynamically increased/decreased, programmatically,
organizations only pay for resources actually used

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Flexibility for unpredictable demand while limiting financial risks

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Example of a Video Banner Ad Customer

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Pooled

• Cloud resources pooled
– Many organizations share same physical hardware through virtualization
• Benefit from economies of scale
– Average cost of production decreases as size of operation increases
– Major cloud vendors operate enormous data centers (Web farms)

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• Apple Data Center in
Maiden, NC

Billion-dollar facility
contains more than
500,000 sq. ft.

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Why Is the Cloud Preferred to In-House Hosting?

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Why Is the Cloud Preferred to In-House Hosting? (cont'd)

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Why Now?

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Time-sharing vendors sold slices of computer time on a use-fee basis since 1960s

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Cloud-based hosting advantages

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Cheap processors, essentially free data communication and data storage
Instantaneous creation of new virtual machine environments
Internet-based standards enable cloud-hosting vendors to provide flexible, standardized processing
capabilities

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When Does the Cloud Not Make Sense?

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When law or standard industry practice require physical control or possession of the data.
Financial institution might be legally required to maintain physical control over its data.

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Ethics Guide: Cloudy Profit?

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Data broker (or data aggregator)
Specialize in acquiring and analyzing market, buyer, and seller data for real estate agents
Alliance transitioned data storage and processing from own Web farm to the cloud
Improved speed and quality of data services at fraction of prior costs, cut in-house hardware

support staff by 65%

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Plowing money back into R&D

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Q2: What Network Technology Supports the Cloud?

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Typical Small
Office/Home Office
(SOHO) LAN

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LAN Protocol

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IEEE 802.3

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Wired LAN
10/100/1000 Mbps
Ethernet

IEEE 802.11

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• 802.11ac - speeds up to 1.3 Gbps
• Bluetooth
– For transmitting data short distances
– Connect computer, keyboard, mouse, printer,
smartphones, automobile entertainment systems

Wireless LAN
802.11n
Up to 600 Mbps
Bluetooth

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Abbreviations Used for Communications and Computer Memory Speeds

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Communications equipment, k = 1,000, not 1,024 as for memory
M = 1,000,000, not 1,024 × 1,024;
G = 1,000,000,000, not 1,024 × 1,024 × 1,024. Thus, 100 Mbps =100,000,000 bits per
second

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Communications speeds expressed in bits, memory sizes expressed in bytes

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Connecting Your LAN to the Internet
Important ISP functions:

1.Provide legitimate Internet address
2.Gateway to Internet

3.Pay for Internet by collecting money from customers and paying access fees and other charges
to telecoms

•.WAN wireless average performance 500 Kbps, with peaks of up to 1.7 Mbps, as opposed to 50
Mbps for typical LAN wireless

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Summary of LAN Networks

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Q3: How Does the Cloud Work?

The cloud resides in the Internet

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Carriers and Net Neutrality

• Message, broken into packets, moves across Internet,

passing through networks owned by

telecom providers known as carriers

• Peering agreements - Carriers freely exchange traffic amongst themselves without paying
access fees

• Net neutrality principle, where all data is treated equally
• Problem: some people use more bandwidth than others

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Internet Addressing

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Public IP addresses

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Identifies a particular device on public Internet
Assigned by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
U.S. Department of Commerce no longer has oversight over ICANN

Private IP addresses

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Identifies a device on a private network, usually a LAN
Assignment controlled within the LAN

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IP Addressing: Major Benefits

1.

Public IP addresses conserved when all computers on a LAN use only one public IP
address.

2.

Using private IP addresses, eliminates registering public IP address with ICANN-approved
agencies.

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Public IP Addresses and Domain Names

• IPv4
– Four decimal dotted notation ==> 165.193.123.253
• Domain name
– Worldwide-unique name affiliated with a public IP address
– Affiliation of domain names with IP addresses is dynamic
•URL (Uniform Resource Locator
– Internet address using a protocol, such as http:// or ftp://

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Two Important Points

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Several (or many) domain names can point to same IP address
Affiliation of domain names with IP addresses is dynamic

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Owner of a domain name can change its affiliated IP addresses

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Domain Registrar Company

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