Experiencing MIS 9th by m kronenke chapter 12
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Chapter 12
Information Systems Development
"We Think We Can Open the Doors to an Entirely
New Market"
• Example of decision making in small company.
– Zev owner and source of investment funds.
– Team presents options, he listens and makes a decision.
• Team doesn’t really sure what’s involved.
• Building an Xbox prototype good, low cost way to learn.
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Bottom Line
• Startups fun and interesting places to work.
• Time and budgets limited,
• Decisions made more quickly, but risky if not well managed.
• Prototypes used to reduce front-end risk.
• Scrum ideal process for creating prototypes.
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Study Questions
Q1: How are business processes, IS, and applications developed?
Q2: How do organizations use business process management (BPM)?
Q3: How is business process modeling notation (BPMN) used to model
processes?
Q4: What are the phases in the systems development life cycle (SDLC)?
Q5: What are the keys for successful SDLC projects?
Q6 :How can scrum overcome the problems of the SDLC?
Q7: 2026?
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Q1: How Are Business Processes, IS, and
Applications Developed?
Offline process
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Relationship of Business Processes and
Information Systems
Every information system has at least one application
(software).
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How Do Business Processes, Information
Systems, and Applications Differ and Relate?
1. Different characteristics and components.
2. Business processes to information systems - N:M.
Business process need not relate to any information
system, but an information system relates to at least one
business process.
3. At least one application in every IS due to software
component.
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How Is Scope Related to Development Processes?
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Role of Development Personnel
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Q2: How Do Organizations Use Business Process
Management (BPM)?
• Business process
– Network of activities, repositories, roles, resources, and flows
– Interact to accomplish a business function.
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Properties of Processes
• Roles – Collections of activities.
• Resources – People or computer applications assigned to roles.
• Flow
– Control flow - directs order of activities.
– Data flow - movement of data among activities & repositories.
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Why Do Processes Need Management?
1. Improve process quality.
2. Adapt to change in technology.
3. Adapt to change in business fundamentals.
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Examples of Change in Business Fundamentals
• Market (new customer category, change in customer
characteristics)
• Product lines
• Supply chain
• Company policy
• Company organization (merger, acquisition)
• Internationalization
• Business environment (new priority on credit checking)
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Four Stages of BPM Cycle
COBIT (Control Objectives for
Information and related Technology)
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Q3: How Is Business Process Modeling Notation
(BPMN) Used to Model Processes?
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Existing Order
Process
(BPMN)
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Check
Customer
Credit
Process
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Q4: What Are the Phases in the Systems
Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
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SDLC Definition Phase
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Role of a Prototype
• Direct user experience.
• Assess technical and organizational feasibility.
• Define requirements and functions.
• Parts often reused.
– PRIDE for Xbox prototype code reused in operational
system?
• Prototype-funding dilemma. Which comes first?
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SDLC Requirements Analysis Phase
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SDLC Component Design Phase
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SDLC System Implementation Phase
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System Conversion Approaches
Pilot
• Implement entire system in limited portion of business
• Limits exposure to business if system fails
Phased
• System installed in phases or modules
• Each piece installed and tested
Parallel
• Complete new and old systems run simultaneously
• Very safe, but expensive
Plunge
• High risk if new system fails
• Only used if new system not vital to company operations
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Design and Implementation for the Five
Components
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