Experiencing MIS 9th by m kronenke ID

The International
Dimension

International MIS


Study Questions
Q1: How does the global economy affect organizations and processes?
Q2: What are the characteristics of international IS components?
Q3: How do inter-enterprise IS facilitate global supply chain management?
Q4: What are the security challenges of international IS?
Q5: What are the challenges of international IS management?

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Q1: How Does the Global Economy Affect Organizations and Processes?

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After World War II, Japanese and other Asian countries increased manufacturing.

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Fall of Soviet Union opened economies of Russia, Eastern Europe.

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N. American and European economies integrated.

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Plentiful, cheap telecommunications after dot.com bubble burst.

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Booming economies: India, China, Brazil.

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EU- and U.S.-based companies greatest opportunities outside own national markets.

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Percent of Cross‐Border Commerce: Opportunities Abounds

World Isn’t Flat

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How Does the Global Economy Change the Competitive Environment?

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How Does the Emerging Global Economy Change Competitive Strategy?

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Product localization and product differentiation
Accelerates flow of data about price, product, availability, service.
Products localized to language and culture.
Internet supports unprecedented market size and product differentiation.

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How Does the Global Economy Change Value Chains and Business Processes?

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Value chain activities can be performed anywhere.
Final product frequently distributed throughout world.
Abundance of low-cost, well-educated, English-speaking professionals allows outsourcing service and support

functions.

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Ability to work 24/7 by moving work into other time zones increases productivity.

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Q2: What Are the Characteristics of International
IS Components?

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Hardware – sold worldwide.
Emergence of the international cloud
User interface – in multiple, local languages.
Data – choosing language(s) for data descriptions and remarks.
Procedures – reflect local cultural values and norms.
People – job descriptions and reporting relationships appropriate to culture.

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What’s Required to Localize Software?

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What’s Required to Localize Software? (cont'd)

• Localizing programs difficult, expensive, and time consuming than translating documents.
• Programming techniques can be used to simplify and reduce the cost of localization.
• Design for localization, long before any code written .
• Acquisition of foreign company, budget time and expense for localization of information systems.

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IBM’s Watson Learns Japanese

• Improve customer service in its education, banking, healthcare, insurance, and retail sectors.
• Processes some text in Japanese, gets feedback from humans who speak Japanese, then processes more
text until it learns to speak Japanese.

• Other languages to be learned.

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Spoken World Languages

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What Are the Problems and Issues of Global Databases?

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Commit to single company language.

– Single database not possible for companies using multiple languages.
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Need applications to export and import data among separated databases.
Slow data transmission speeds may require distributed, partitioned databases and highly skilled personnel.

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Types of Distributed Database Processing

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Distributed database

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Single database resides in multiple locations.

•Replicated database
– Multiple copies of a database distributed.
– Updating requires highly skilled personnel.
•Partitioned database
– Database divided into non-overlapping segments.

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Challenges of International Enterprise Applications

Independent Functional Systems

Unnecessary to accommodate language, business, and
cultural differences

Requires adequate data interface

Inherent Processes

Differences in language, culture, norms, and expectations

Developing and evaluating “as is” models and alternative international
processes incredibly challenging

Integrated, cross-functional, international system with high-level processes connected by SOA standards and the cloud

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Advantages of Functional Systems

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Lack of integration has advantages for international organizations and international systems
U.S. order-processing systems operate in English, reflect practices and culture of U.S.
Taiwanese manufacturing information systems operate in Chinese and reflect business practices and culture
of Taiwan.

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Need adequate data interface between two systems.

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Problems of Inherent Processes

• Some inherent processes may conflict with cultural norms.
• Difficult to convince employees to follow inherent processes, more difficult in some cultures.
• Future inter-enterprise business processes defined to document service responsibilities of each international
unit.

• The cloud and Web service standards used to connect services into an integrated, enterprise, international
system.

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Q3: How Do Inter-enterprise IS Facilitate Global Supply Chain Management?

Supply Chain Relationships

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Supply Chain Example

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The Importance of Information in the Supply Chain

Walmart Supply Chain

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The Importance of Information in the Supply Chain (cont’d)
Global information systems increase supply chain profitability by:

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Reducing inventories.
Reducing or eliminating bullwhip effect.
Producing comprehensive, accurate, timely information.
Choosing delivery option that optimize value.
Enabling 24/7 global shipment tracking.

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How Can
Information Relieve
the Bullwhip Effect?

P & G supply chain for diapers

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Eliminate Bullwhip Effect with True Demand Information

Sharing Supply
Chain Data

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Q4: What Are the Security Challenges of International IS?

• Legal Environment
– Encryption illegal or highly restricted in many countries.
– Censorship problems with stored content.

– Dozens of countries regularly block access to certain Internet companies.
– Privacy laws vary. (“Right to be forgotten”)
– Intersection of international law and technology forces evaluation how information systems managed and location
of data.

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Security Challenges of International IS? (cont'd)

• Physical Security
– Threats to infrastructure from natural disasters, geopolitical risks, civil unrest, terrorist attacks.
– Physical infrastructure vulnerable to outright seizure.
– Employees who run critical infrastructure can be targeted.

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