Các phương pháp đánh giá chất lượng phần mềm (Luận văn thạc sĩ)

ii

IH
IH

NGUY N TH

NG PH N M M

LU

- 2016


iii

L
xin cam
qu

c uc a

c u trong lu n
xin cam
cc m

trung th c
r ng m i s
tin

s li u

k t

l pv i
cho vi c th c hi n lu n

d n trong lu n

c ch
H c

Nguy n Th

ngu n g c.


iv

M CL C
L

....................................................................................................ii

M C L C .............................................................................................................iv
M CL

NH .........................................................................................vi

DANH M C B NG BI U ...................................................................................vii
TV

......................................................................................................viii
P THI T C

...................................................................viii

II.M

LU

..........................................................ix
U ................................................ix
U ..................................................................ix

V.K T QU D

KI

C .................................................................ix

VI.C

...............................................................................x
NG PH N M M .................................1

1.1 S N PH M

NG PH N M M.............................................1

m v s n ph m ph n m m ...........................................................1

1.1.2

m l i ph n m m ..........................................................................3

1.1.3

a l i..........................................................................................5

1.1.4

m ki m th ph n m m.................................................................6

1.1.5 Nh

a ki m th ph n m m ................................................7

1.1.6 Ki m th

n ph n m m .........................................7

1.2 CH
1.2.1 Ch

N M M ................. 11
ng ph n m m ............................................................................ 11

1.2.2
1.3
1.4 T

.............................................................................. 12
M TH

PH N M M ...................................................... 13

M TH ...................................................................... 14
THU T KI M TH

PH N M M ................................... 16

N C A KI M TH

PH N M M.......................... 16

c ki m th ph n m m....................................................... 16
2.1.2. Lu

m th ...................................................................... 19


v

2.1.3. Thi t k
2.2.KI M TH

ng h p ki m th ................................................................ 20
H

................................................................................ 20
....................................................................... 21

............................................................................. 26

2.2.3. Ki m th

c bi t........................................................................ 28

2.2.4. K thu
2.3.KI M TH

th

....................................................................... 29

H P TR NG ........................................................................... 33

2.3.1. Ki m th d

th lu

2.3.2.Ki m th d

th lu ng d li u................................................... 41

2.3.3.Ki m th

u ki n................................................................................. 43
M TH

TS
3.1.

u khi n............................................. 33

H

NG D NG C

M TH

H P TR NG ............. 44
M TH ................... 45

........................................................... 46

3.1.1 Gi i thi

.................................................................................. 46

3.1.2 Ph m vi gi i quy t.................................................................................. 49
3.1.3 Thi t k
3.2.

ng h p ki m th ................................................................. 49
SORT...................................................................................... 52

u

...................................................................................... 52

3.2.2 Ph m vi gi i quy t.................................................................................. 52

3.2.3 Thi t k

ng h p ki m th . ................................................................ 52

3.2.4 K t qu ki m th .................................................................................... 60
K T LU

N.............................................................. 61

LI U THAM KH O ..................................................................................... 62


vi

- S n ph m ph n m m. Ngu n: [13].........................................................3
i ph n m m [5] ............................................4
-

c s a l i. Ngu n: [6], [8]................................................6

-

n ki m th ........................................................................ 13

-

m th ..................................................... 14

-

m th ........................................................ 19

-

th

........................................................................... 32
o ca ki m th d

th lu

th lu

u khi n bi u di

-

u khi n ................. 34
........................... 35

cung ................................................................. 35

-

th bi u di

ng ngh

-

th lu

u khi n bi u di

.......................................... 39

-

th lu

u khi n bi u di

.......................................... 42

- Giao di n ki m th
- Minh h a thu
-

........................................................... 51
s p x p MergeSort............................................... 53

th

- K t qu
- Giao di

o ............................. 37

........................................................... 54
c ghi ra file log ................................................................. 60

u khi n ki m th

p x p .......................... 60


vii

B ng 1. 1 - T l

cc

n ph n m m .........................1

B ng 2. 1 - B ng li

........................................................ 22

B ng 2. 3

h ng ........................ 24

B ng 2. 4

m th l

u ................................................ 24

ng ............................................................................. 24
B ng 2. 5

Ki m th l

ng................ 25

B ng 2. 6

li

B ng 2. 7

m th

B ng 2. 8

th

B ng 2. 9 - B ng quy
B ng 3. 1 - Minh h
B ng 3. 2 - B
B ng 3. 3 -

li

...... 25
........ 26

....................................................... 30
thu nh p ..................................................... 32
C............................................... 50

ng h p ki m th cho module Merge .............................. 56
ng h p ki m th cho module Split ......................................... 57


viii

I.
V

g

[1].

[3]
[4], [2].
n ph n m m bao g m nhi
nh m t o ra s n ph m ph n m
ng nh

m th

u ho

ng

t trong nh ng ho

ng

n l i c a ph n m m [5].

ph n m

ng

l
n ph n m

t b ph n c ng


ix

ng.

y, h

ng ph n m m

ch
u cho lu

II.

III.
Lu n t p trung

.
IV.
:

.

.
V.
Lu

p trung ch y

quan tr ng trong qu

t ki m th ph n m

ng ph n m m.

.
k ch b n ki m th
ki m th phi ch
minh h

m th ch
xu
c v n d ng trong hai lo i ki m th

m


x

VI.

: T ng quan v

qu

ch

ng ph n m m

m chung v s n ph m ph n m m, v
m m, t m quan tr

ch

a vi c ki m th ph n m

ng

ng ph n
ng

n ph n m m.
thu t ki m th ph n m m.

ng 2
N i dung c a ch

ng

thu

n trong ki m th

ph n m m:

.

lu
t quan tr

m b o ch
M ts

i b t nh ng y u

ng ph n m m.

ng d ng c th c

minh ho cho ph
b n ki m th

,

m th .

t

ng k thu t h

ch
thu t h p tr

ki m th .

ng h p ki m th (test cases) cho t ng k ch b n ki m th .
n: th c hi n v
xu t,

i

t qu c

t qu d ki n c a

ki m th .
K t lu
T

n
u tham kh o

ng h p ki m th
ng h p


1

1.1 S N PH M

NG PH N M M

1.1.1
Ph n m

t (b

nhi m v

c hi n m t

c l p nh m ph c v cho m t ho c nhi u ng d ng c th :

qu

ng c

ng kinh t ,

qu

c, gi

[4], [5]

:
S1. H
ng l
S3. H th ng qu n

Vi c t o ra m t s n ph m ph i tr i qua nhi
n ph n m m

c kh

i ta g
ng t khi b

n ph m ph n m m th c thi. Kh
nc

c trong t ng

n xu t ph n m

minh h a c th

t l

k
c u

n ph n m m [9]

cc
Thi t

n

i theo th i gian. B ng 1.1

cc

B ng 1. 1 - T l

b

n ph n m m

Thi t k
chi ti t

L

Ki m
m

ki m th

th

p

Th p k 19601970

10%

Th p k 1980

20%

Th p k 1990

40%

80%
60%
30%

ng

10%
20%

30%

th h
th ng


2

Theo m
ph n m m

nc
c th hi n trong bi

t

i

:

Ngu n [7]
y, m t s n ph m ph n m
ho c nhi

.M

ph n bao g

l
nh
i quan h

t h th ng bao g m m t
c

ng t nh ng c u ph n. M i c u
n c a ph n m
[8]

t v i

y, vi c m c l

ch x y ra trong khi l

a

n m t s n ph m ph n m m. Vi c ki m th
ti

tc

nt

t s n ph m ph n m m.

ph

c


3

1 - S n ph m ph n m m. Ngu n: [13]
1.1.2
y khi ph n m m ho
i.

r ng ph n m

u thu t ng

th t b

t hi

n

,b

i ph n m

m t s th ng nh t v
nh

n

ct :m
, ch

n ph n m m ho c gi
c s d ng ph n m m
L i ph n m m xu t hi n khi x y ra m t hay nhi

ct

a s n ph m gi a
n ph n m

i

[8], [10].
u ki n sau [13], [14], [15]:


4

k t qu
l

c th c hi

ct

u nh t, chi m kho ng 80% [12].
it

ct :

c

2
Ngu

i ph n m m [5]

i l n th

tk

nt

a

n l c th c hi n k ho ch cho ph n m m.
Th i k

l
vi c l
tr
do l

n ph n m m
ng nh

ng nh t v i l

i do l
t ph n vi c c

c

y u [4]
ng ch

ph c t p ph n m m l

, vi c l
t nhi

l

i
o ra l i l i


5

nhi

ph c t p c a ph n m

th i gian ho c ch

ng l

hi
k

[11]. M

u l i xu t hi
th c ra l i do l i c

u

c t ho c thi t k [10].

M

o ra l

m

n ph n

tr

c thi t k theo

n l p, b

u

ng

ng t

1.1.3
a ph n m
ho

t th hai,

m th

ng 40% c

u c a s n ph m ph n m m. Ki m th
c

nb

i ti

s al

m th l i nh

uc
Ki m th

[1], [6]

al

c th c hi n t i b t k

i ph n m

al is

theo th i

n [8].
S

i m

trong pha thi t k

u ho c

u

, c

khi

tn

nhi
i vi c ph i vi t l
Vi c s a l i s

[9].
n

il

nl ic
i gi

i nh p l i l
tl

i ki m th

l

d li u l
i duy t l

tr ng l

cc
am tl

so v i vi c kh c ph

i qu

i cho b t k

t ph n m m r
14], [15].

t nhi u


6

u c a IBM, GTE cho bi t, l

n

cs al

3-

c s a l i. Ngu n: [6], [8]

ng ch ng ki n s c
do vi c ti t ki m b nh b
c

u di

s b ng 2 ch s cu i

c l i ti m

gi

i lo s

n nhi u t

x

y ch

kh c ph c do d li

b

1], [5].
1.1.4
Ki m th ph n m
tri n ph n m

tm

m b o r ng ph n m m th

n ph t

c u thi t k

uc

thu t ki m th ph n m m
c ki m th ph n m

bu

n ph n m
Ki m th ph n m

gi i.
u ch

c t thi t k
M
m s m nh
ph n m

t

m b o ch

ng ph n m

[7].

a ki m th ph n m
m b o r ng l
m th

n
c s a. Nh
nl

th i
n

m b o ch t


7

ng s n ph m. M t s n ph m ph n m

i ph

c

ut

c ki m

i ph n c ng c
1.1.5
ki m th t

n ph

th

n ph n m m
n ph n m
hi u, kh

tt ph

ng t

tk

ns d

t s chuy

im tt ph
d

kh

i s xu t hi

m t th t b i

i giai
tt ph p

ns m

a, c

n chuy

n cu

t

nl

bi t

[10].

ng, ki m th
h p th
t

ng ch

n cu

n ph

, nhi u l

uc

th

ct

tk

u

i m c ph

i

c ph
ng s
t

ng m c ph i ngay

y, vi
nr tl

uc

c gi m b

i ngay

n [9].

1.1.6 K
ki m th m t s n ph m ph n m

ki m th m t l n,
n c a ph n m

th
th

c ki m
c ki m

c s n ph m cu
n ph n m

b n ch
chung sau trong ho

u ph

cs d
m

ng ki m th .


8

:

Ki m th
Ki m th

t

v nh nh t c a thi t

k ph n m m. S d
d

thi t k th t

u khi n quan tr ng

ng d n,

ki m th

ph c t

n l i trong ph

m th

c gi i h n b

bu c ph m vi thi t l p cho ki m th
tr

. Ki m th

c th c hi

m vi c a module bao g m:

Ki m th

t ph n ph
n,

c duy t l

ng h p ki m th

c ki

u

.

Ki m th
k . Khi ch m t ch
c gi m xu

ng h p
u module.

m th nh

thi t k

ng

nk
c g i b i m t module, s

d

ns

c thi t

ng h p ki m th


9

Ki m th

ng do l p

ki m th

c hi n. Ki m th

i

n th c v thi t k

th

mb

a ki m

cx

i quan h

v i d li u nh

[3], [4].

Ki m th
M

p
a ki m th

p nh m th c hi
th ng con v

th

m th h th ng.
th
n trong d

nm

c cung c p b

ho

n hay th

n

c cung c p b i

h
Ki m th

th c hi n v

c th

c ki m th

m

c

c ki m th .
Hai chi

c ki m th

ng g m:

T

:
module
:

Trong th c t , v i r t nhi u h th ng, chi

pha tr

[11].
Ki m th h th ng
Ki m th h th
M c

b

a ki m th h th
is d

u ngay sau khi ki m th
n ch ra r ng ph n m m th c hi
,

is d

pk

m th
s d

ng
c th c hi n

t ki m th ch

10

Ki m th h th ng

nh

a h th

t v ch
hi

d ng, kh

o m

m

i lo i ph n m

i ki m th h th

th hi

m th

tin c y, ki m th c

m th b o m

c th c hi

ng

n m m s ho

n ki m th

is d

c khi chuy n giao

th c hi n ki m th ch p nh
c hi

ng s d ng th

u c a ph n

ng: ki m th giao di n, ki m

Ki m th h th

ph n m

c, b

i v i m t s ph n m

m m giao d

nm

u khi n hay ph n

ng h

ph

ng th

y,

n ph

th c hi n ki m th .

Ki m th h i quy
n ph n m

m ki m th

l i m t khi ph n m

i s d ng. B

m t trong nh ng lo i s n ph

ir

ng
ph n m

is d

c i ti n ph n m

u

i ho c s

ph n m

d
d

n thi t. B

m i. Ph n m m nh t thi t ph

a

, s ch nh s a ph n m m sau
s

d

i

c ki m th l i sau khi s

i

m th h i quy.
th c hi n l i m t s ki m th
m th

nb s

nb s

i, ki m th h th

y, ki m th h
h

m th h th ng.
ng ki m th

i, ki m th
ch ho
ng

d

s
ki m th

, ki m th

m th h
u khi

l i
d li u th

d ng.


11

Ki m th ch p nh n
Ki m th ch p nh
is d

mm

nl

ph n m m so v

ah .

n ph n m m cho m
c n ph

th , ki m th ch p nh n

c th c hi n sau ki m th h th ng. Ph n m m ph
ng th c. Ki m th ch p nh

tri n. T i th

t m c quan tr
quy

N

c th c thi trong
iv

nh ph n m

ph n m m, h s ch p nh n s n ph
t ph n m m t

c ti p theo

ng c

N u ph n m

n cho th
ct

ng r ng l

ng h

m th cho m i

m th ch p nh

ng

n. M

ng

n:
Ki m th alpha
Ki m th al

c th c hi

i s d ng ti

c m i s d ng ph n

m

x y ra.
Ki m th beta
Ki m th beta g i ph n m

n nh

d ng ph n m
cho t ch

i s d ng, h

c th c t

i s d ng s g i

n ch

ms

1.2 CH

n

i.

NM M

1.2.1
Ch

ng trong ph n m

tranh lu n. Trong m t s
th c ti

ng h

nv
i ch

tv
ng ph n m

m m c a ph n m m.

m

c thi m t nhi m v

m t im

t ng c
nm ct

nhi u

l

i

u qu
ng ph n m
a l i. Trong c

m
c hi
ng

12

h

t lo
nm

t ra c n gi i quy
t

n m t k t qu cu i

ng.

1.2.2
M ts

nh ch

ng c a m t s n ph m ph n m m [5]:

a

m
m


13

1.3

M TH
M

PH N M M

a cu c ki m th

ki m th

tk

c m t chu

n l i cao. Chu

tt tc

ng h

m th s th

ng h p ki m th

x

ct

tt tc

ng h p ki m th

n trong ki m th , chi ti

li

ic

ng d li

nl

ng h p ki m th

li u
n ph

t

m thi t k

li u cho

n ki m th

Thi t k

sau:
Ki m th
SP

K ho ch
ki m th

4-

u ra
t qu

m th

n chu n b h

u.

y, nh ng l i

t qu

th c t cho ra c

k ho

ng h p

ki m th

n ki m th

14

m th

Thi t k

Ki mth

Thi t k
ng h p
ki m th

Chu n b d
li u ki m th

ng
h p ki m th

Ch

t

id
li u ki m th

D li u ki m
th

K t qu ki m
th

51.4 T

qu v
ng h p
ki m th

m th

M TH
Ki m th ph n m m t n nhi

i gian. Trong m t s d

m th ph n m m chi m 50% t ng
d ng quan tr

m th

c ad

gi m thi

ml

T

c bi

c ki m th

t qu

u, nh

c ki m th h i quy d

nm

u khi n vi

c v i k t qu mong mu n, thi t l
m th

u c n ng

a.
a ki m th

th

t
qu cu

t qu

m
u ki

u

15

Ki m th t

c hi n m t

m t k ch b n ki m th . Ki m th t

c trong

ng b ng m

nh

n th i

gian ki m th [8].
th c hi n ki m th t

m th ph i h tr t

ng ki m th t
m th t

ng
c minh h
L p k ho ch
ki m th t
ng

Thi t k gi
ki m th t

ng
n gi i
m th t
Tri n khai gi i
m th t

t

m th
ng

t
nc a


16

N C A KI M TH

], [

2.1.1.

PH N M M