Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của chế phẩm phức kim loại sắt, đồng, kẽm, selen đến khả năng sản xuất của gà Lương Phượng sinh sản giai đoạn 38 72 tuần tuổi (Luận văn thạc sĩ)

-72


-72

i


i


ii

t

-


iii

............................................................................................................ ii
................................................................................................................. iii
..........................................................................................v
......................................................................................... vi
...................................................................... vii
.....................................................................................................................1
..........................................................................................1
.................................................................................................2
.....................................................................................................2
.....................................................................................................2
c ti n c

cc

................................................................2

.................................................................................2
..................................................................................2

................................................................................................................3
...........................................................................................3
....................................................................................3
......................................................................3
. 10

.13
14
1.1.5

.

.............................................25
..................................................................25
....................................................................29
..............................................................................................................31
.................................................31
.........................................................................................31


iv

............................................................................................31

.......................................................................................31
.....................................................................................31
............................................31
....................................................................................32
........................................................................32
..............................................34
..................................................................................37
..............................................................................................................38
........................................................38
3.1.
.........................................................................................38
....................................................................38
.............................................................................................................40
................................................................................................41
.................................................................................43
..................................................................................................45
3.2

len
.............................................................................46

n

.............................................51

3.4. Ng
...............................................55
.......................................................................................57
.................................................................................................................57
..................................................................................................................58

.........................................................................................59
........................................................................................59
......................................................................61


v

38-72
........................................................................................................... 34
... 38
........................................................ 40

..................................................................................... 42
.................................. 44
5

.... 45
H

.................................................................. 47
............................................................... 47
................................................................ 47
.............................................................. 47

................................... 52
....................... 55


vi

1:
.................................................................................... 49
2:
............................................................................................... 47
3:
............................................................................................... 50
4:
............................................................................................... 50
:

................................... 53

:

Zn trong gan................................................ 54
................................. 54


vii

Ca

: Canxi

Cs

:

Cu

:

Fe

:

Kg

: Kilogam

ng

Zn
KL

:

KP

:

LV

:

ME

:

P

:

Se

: Selen
:

TB

:

TCVN

:

TL

:

Tr

:
:

Zn
SLT
NST
VSV

:


viii

......................66
-

.........................................................................................................................67


1

,
,
.

sung cho kh u ph

h

av

d ng d

u su t s d ng

th

ng.

ng v t,
ng y u t c

thi

u

iv im

ph n c a nhi u lo

a nh ng

s
ch t trong h u

h
h

n, bi

o, sinh t ng h p

n ng mi n d

n ng

thi u h t m t s

u ph n

u qu

m hi u qu s d ng th c

p

ng, kh

th

nh t t,

ac
ng.
S

xu

(

n m nh m c
c nh
t o
u ki n thu n l
ph m b sung cho th

ch t

t li u kim lo
pc ns n


2

kh

c ch ph m ph c kim lo i t
n thi t ph i th nghi

so v
th

u

tri
ng, k m, selen n kh
n 38-72 tu n tu

ng v t

m,
ng c a ch ph m ph c kim lo i s t,
n xu t c
ng sinh s n giai

2.

.

2.2.1.

n kh

n xu t c
ng sinh s n.
2.2.2. X
nh li
ng b
sinh s n
n 38-72 tu n tu i.
2.2.3.
ng, s t n
ph c kim lo

gia c m.
c ti n c

c
cc
-

ng
.
Ngh

p cho

ng
i c a ch ph m

3

1

1.1.
1.1.1.

.
S li u t m

n s n xu t premix cho gia c m c a Trung Qu c

(Nanning Zeweier Feed Co. Ltd., (2011)) [87] cho bi

t o ra 1 kg premix

n ch
ph i s d

i v i 1 kg
t ch a 6.

ph i s d

y kh
cs d
tl

t o ph

ng
vi

kh c ph tr ng i v hi u qu kinh t
i

Kaluga (
[88]

. ., . . .,

o ra ch ph m ph

.

, 2009)

ng - h

d

i

tradispersive particles) v

0,15

th

rong bi n, c th

.

ov b

ch tt
t polysaccarit t

ng h
b n
t quan tr
nc

ch
peroxidaza (GSH-

o qu

Cu, Fe,
n ph m t v t
t trong

n c a glutathione
y


4

nt c

kh

ng

ch t ch

u qu

o qu n th t

ng l

i cho s c kh

id

y b i ph n

c t do
i ph n

ch
-

p

h
ng ch

iv

i. Nhi u k t qu th c nghi m ch ra

r ng s thi u h t ho

am ts

as

n

gia c
ki

cb

u ph n
Ngu n cung c

ng cho v

y

t kh u ph

c

c b sung h n h p kh

ng bao g

ng, s t, k m, selen, coban, i

i d ng mu i

c oxit) b i
thi u h t ho c m

ng (do nhi u y u t

u ki n

t

cv

thu h ach, b o qu

ng,

bi n v.v...).

ng mu
ng pH th p

ng b

n

ch

sinh h

h p thu c

(Aoyagi, S and Baker, 1995) [24], (Underwood, EJ and Suttle, 1999) [79].
Hi

x y ra gi

(Moldal, M and Bairagi, 2007)[55].
d ng c

t v i nhau
ng cao c

m

c l i (Lesson, S and Summers, 2008) [44],
[63], (Zhao, J, Shirley, 2008) [86]


5

t

t

tan d

n c n tr

c ch t v
s

n v ng, k

h p thu (Lesson, S and Summers, 2008) [45],

(Oberleas,D, Muhrer and B.L, 1966) [64], nh

i s hi n di n c a Ca -

cb

i cao

trong kh u ph n.
M
mu

n ph m cu

i

th p (Mohana, C, and Nys, 1998) [54], (Van der Klis, J.D, 2002) [82]
tc

so v

c

th

[45], (Nollet, L, Van der Klis, J

and P, 2007)[59].
Nhi u k t qu

(Ammerman, CB and Miller,

1972)[23], (Aoyagi, S and Baker, 1995)[24], (Biell, R.R, Emmert and Baker,
1997)[25] cho th
id

t
ng b h

u khi t i 80%, ch y

av

i

p sinh h c th p c a
ng
ng.

polysaccarit
q

cho


6

- -D-

hydrat.

,

cho

Nh m

sinh h c t

d ng ch

ng

h p th

av

s d

i ch t [Ammerman, (1995)] [21]
u ph n
ph

id

c ch t h

c protein ho

ch

i d ng ph c

ng
u tr

gelatin, keo tinh b t,
t

ng [(Dziechciarek, 1998)[30]; (Hussain, 2001)[41]; (Miles,
2002) [53]; (Taylor, 2005) [78].
c

h p ph

ng

th
h

a gia
b


7

ph n ng v

v y,

gi m thi u s m
ki n t

u
h p thu

ru t non (Leeson, 2001)[45]. Nh

d

cs

i d ng h
sinh h c c

u ph n

(Cao, 2002)[27]; (Fly, A.D , 1989)[32];

(Halford, 2006) [37]; (Lim, H, 2006) [46]; (Nollet, 2005) [58]; (Van der Klis,
2002) [82]; (Zhao, J, 2008) [86].
*
ng s

ng v t t n t

i d ng ph c v i

c t
ph

i d ng h p ch t

c d tr trong gan, t y, th

t
S

t trong
pt

thu s t c

ti p

ph thu

ph c ch t c a s

tc

ng

ng c
c kh v

i Fe(II) s

c h p th

t, ch y u t i khu v
thu

p th

t c

c ru

Theo Biell, Emmert, Baker (1995) [25
ng h tr
th s t trong h

t s axit h
o k t t

k

c n tr

c

i Fe
p th s

v
b

tc av t

ng thi u s t h
ng s

th

p

id

y ra

ti p thu sinh h c


8

thi u s t, ch
c

m xu
m theo hi

n ng mi n d ch

n ch m tr , r i lo n h th

ng thi

,b

.

ng (Cu)
Theo Waldroup, P.W (2001) [74
v

ng c ch

m vi sinh

ng ru

n

n

n lacto.

ng h tr tu

ho

n d ch,

ng c a h th

ch, h tr

ng t i

o hemoglobin, t o
tr

chuy n s

i hocmon, protein,

hydrocacbon, c n thi t cho vi
ng s

ng c

ng th

ng gi

n m t s enzym.
ng trong vi c c ng c l

collagen nh

t ngang c a

(Y.Pekel and M.Alp, 2011)

[85]

ng h p thi

hi

n

ng thi

v

ng: R i lo n ch

n, xu t hi n

i c a h ng c u b thu ng
ng b

c ch , h th ng th n kinh b

ng r i lo n,

b
k m (Zn)

K

i ph bi n nh t trong h th ng enzym t

gia c
k tv

m tham

i di n cho t t c
c axit amin ch

n

(Underwood, E.J, and Falchuk, 1999) [79], (Valee, B.L, and Suttle) [80].
tk

t trong protein c

ng v t (Fraker, P.J, King and Vollmer, 2000) [33]. K
trong m t lo

ng bao g m: S

ty u


9

ng mi n d ch, sinh s

ng l

(Hussain, N, Jaitley and Florence, 2001) [41], (Shankar,
A.H and Prasad, 1998) [69], ( Song, Y, S, W and E.Ho, (2009) [72].
K m h tr
sinh d

iv

tr ph c h

t

ng.
K

t trong hoocmon insulin, c i

thi

p ch

ch

d ng vitamin c

n

c

c
c th

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t s c quan tr

b

iv

ng h p collagen

t trong nh ng protein t o l

v

ng h

am gia
a

n, ch

o

( Novus, 2009) [61].
ng h p thi u k m: Gi m kh

b

nt

yd

m c mi

n hi

c ch

t hi n hi n

ng xu t huy

ng l

n ng
c s d ng r

gia th

selen (Se)
iv
tri

ng c

kh

c bi

iv

ng. Selen

ng c
(Schwarz, K and Foltz, 1957) [68]
a b nh suy t ng

ra r ng selen
nh ho i t gan

th

m.
t trong b n y u t


10

n nh t c a h th ng ch

t x t

enzym (Taylor. T.M, and Weiss, 2005) [78].
u bi t r
kh e m

cm

th ng ch

o. H th
t ch

enzym ch

ng ct

-

(Mohana, C and Nys, 1998)

[54], (Surai, P, (2002) [74].
n c a enzym glutathion peroxidase GSH-Px
(Wang, Z, Pan and Zhou, 2012) [84]. Ho
khi

t
u hi n thi u selen. Selen trong
u ch

v
gi m thi

m, s n xu t hoocmon tuy

ng h

ng hi u qu th tinh.
th

i d ng selenit (Na2

SeO3), selenat (Na2 SeO4) ho c selenua (Na2 Se), trong khi trong th
t

c

ho

t v

1.1.2 Nhu c u Fe, Cu, Zn

gia c

i lo

ng

gia c m

khi thi

[62]
[45]

(Leeson


11

,

[45].

NRC (1994) [62]

(Leeson
[45].

. NRC (1994) [62]


12

-

[45].

(NRC, 1994) [62].

Theo NRC (1994) [62]
[45]

Ross: 0,15;

2001) [45]

(Mahan et al., 2005) [50].


13

[63]

kho
tan

[52].

t

gievskii, 1982) [35].

(Suttle, NF and Peter, DW, 1985) [77]
[63]. (Mason, J, Lamand, CA and Kelleher, CA., 1980; Loneragan et al.,
1998) [51]


14

con.

[63].

[64]

(Sebastian et al, 1996) [70].
Selen
-

methionine (Suttle, 2010)

[76]
[39].
1.1.4

d

(NRC, 1994) [62].

ng gia c m


15

thu (Suttle, 2010) [76].

kh c ph c nh

c

mu

[88]

ph

mong
o ra ch ph m

ng -

ph

h

o v

b

t polysaccarit t

rong bi n

(arabinogalactan).
1.1.5
*
K

[2]

nh