classification of vaccines

CLASSIFICATION
OF VACINES


FOUR MAIN TYPES OF
VACINE





1. Live Attenuated Vaccines(LAV).
2. Inactivated (Killed) Vaccines.
3. Toxoid Vaccine.
4.Subunit vaccines.


1. LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINES(LAV).


LAVs are are derived from diseasecausing pathogens(virus or bacteria)
that have been weakened under
laboratory conditions.



Examples are  Measles, Mumps, Rubella,
Smallpox, Chickenpox,…

2. INACTIVATED (KILLED) VACCINES.


Inactivated vaccines are made from
microorganisms (viruses, bacteria,
other) that have been killed through
physical or chemical processes.



Examples are Influenza, Cholera, Polio,
Hepatitis A and Rabies.



3. TOXOID VACCINE.


Toxoid Vaccines are based on the toxin
produced by certain bacteria (e.g.
tetanus or diphtheria).



The immune process produces
antibodies that lock onto and block the
toxin when the vaccines are
administered.

4.SUBUNIT VACCINES.


Like inactivated vaccines, do not contain
live components of the pathogen.



They differ from inactivated vaccines by
containing only the antigenic parts of
the pathogen. These parts are
necessary to elicit a protective immune
response.


CLASSIFICATION OF
SUBUNIT VACCINES.
Subunit vaccines can be further
categorized into:
 Protein based subunit vaccines .
(e.g: pertussis(aP)vaccines,Hepatitis
B vaccines.)
 Polysaccharide vaccines.
(e.g: Meningococcal disease,
Pneumococcal disease.)
 Conjugate subunit vaccines.
(e.g: Haemophilus influenzae type b
(Hib).)
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