Tai lieu boi duong HSG tieng anh lop 6

Tài liệu bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi Tiếng Anh lớp 6

TENSES
Present
simple
Present
progressi
ve

S + V(s-es)
(be): am- is- are

S + don’t/ doesn’t
+V1
S+ am not/ isn’t/
aren’t

Do/Does + S+V1?
Am/Is/Are + S+
…?

S + am/is/are +
V-ing

S+am/is/are(not)+V- Am/ Is/Are +S+Ving
ing?

Everyday, usually,
after school, never,
often, sometimes,
always, ...

Now, at the present,
at the moment, at
this time, Look!
Listen, !Be careful!.
Hurry up!

Give the correct form of these verbs:
1. The sun (set) ……………………………………………………………………………in the West.
2. It usually (rain) ……………………………………………………………………………in the summer.
3. They (build) …………………………………………………………………………….
4. Bees (make) ……………………………………………………………honey.
5. They (get) ……………………………………………………………………on the scale now.
6. The earth (circle) ………………………………………………………the Sun once every 365 days.
7. Rivers usually (flow) ………………………………………………… to the sea.
8. Don’t worry. I (give) ……………………………him your message when I (see) ………………………… him.
9. Look! Jane (play) ………………………… the guitar. Hurry up! The bus (come) …………………………… .
10. I (not talk) …………………………………………………… to her at present.
11. How often………………………… she (go) ………………………… fishing?
- She (go) ……………………………………once a year.
12. .............. your friends (be)………………………… students?
-Yes, they (be) ..........................
13. ................ the children (play)………………………………………… in the park at the moment?
-No, they aren’t. They (learn) ...................................... to play the piano.
14. …………………….you (go)………………………….. to school on Sundays? – Yes, I do.
15. My mother (cook) ………………………………………a meal now. She ( cook)…………………… everyday.
16. What……………………… your mother (do)…………………………. at this time?
- She (make)………………………………a dress.
17. ............. she often (go)…………………………… to the cinema every weekend?
18. I don’t know. But she always (go) ......................... to the church on Sundays.
19. The students (not be) ........................................... in class at present.

20. She always (wash) .................................... the dishes after meals.
21. I (do) ...........................................
an exercise on the present tenses at this moment and I
(think) ........................................... that I (know) ........................................... how to use it now.
22. My mother sometimes (buy) ........................................... vegetables at this market.
23. It (rain) ........................................... much in summer. It (rain) ........................................... now.
24. Daisy (cook) ........................................... some food in the kitchen at present. She always
(cook) ........................................... in the morning.

PARTS OF SPEECH OF WORD FORMS
I. Danh từ (Nouns):
1


1. Đònh nghóa: Danh từ là những từ dùng để chỉ sự vật, sự việc hoặc con
người.
2. Phân loại danh từ:
- Danh từ đếm được (countable nouns): book, student, table, ...
- Danh từ không đếm được (uncountable nouns): water, grass, information, ....
- Danh từ đơn (simple nouns): war (chiến tranh), bus (xe buýt), ....
- Danh từ kép (Compound nouns): world peace (hòa bình thế giới), bus station
(trạm xe buýt), ....
3. Chức năng:
a. Làm chủ ngữ (Subject-): The children go to school every day.
b. Làm tân ngữ động từ và giới từ: (Object): The mother gave a cake to her son
c. Làm bổ ngữ cho chủ ngữ (Sau keep / seem/ be/ feel/ look) (Complement): He
is my best friend.
d. Làm bổ ngữ cho tân ngữ
(Sau
call/ select/ name/....)

We call him Tom
II. Đại từ (Pronouns):
1. Đònh nghóa: Đại từ là những từ dùng thay cho danh từ.
2. Phân loại đại từ:
a. Đại từ nhân xưng (Personal pronouns): có 2 loại:
- Đại từ làm chủ ngữ: I/ We/ You/ They/ She/ He/ It
- Đại từ làm tân ngữ: me/ us/ you/ them/ her/ him/ it
b. Đại từ chỉ đònh:
This/ that/ these/ those
c. Đại từ bất đònh: (Chỉ người)
someone, somebody, no one, nobody, anyone,
anybody, everyone
(Chỉ vật)
something, nothing, anything, everything
3. Chức năng: Giống danh từ
III. Tính từ (Adjectives):
1. Đònh nghóa: là từ dùng để miêu tả hoặc cho biết thêm chi tiết về danh
từ .
2. Phân loại:
a. Tính từ miêu tả: SIZE
+ SHAPE
+ AGE + COLOR + NATIONAL +
MATERIAL
.
(kích thước + hình dạng + tuổi
+
màu +
quốc tòch
+ chất liệu)
b. Tính từ sở hữu: my/ our / your / their / her / his/ its

c. Tính từ chỉ số lượng: much/ little/ few/ a lot of / plenty of / each/ every/ another
3. Chức năng:
a. Bổ nghóa cho danh từ:
A beautiful girl
b. Bổ nghóa cho đại từ: Something new
c. Đứng sau keep / seem/ be/ feel/ look... vàbổ nghóa cho chủ ngữ; He looks
happy.
d. Đứng sau keep /make let + O + Adj vàbổ nghóa cho tân ngữ.
We make our
parents happy.
IV. Trạng từ (Adverbs):
1. Đònh nghóa: là những từ dùng để diển tả tính cách, đặc tính, mức độ, ...
và được dùng để bổ nghóa cho động từ, tính từ, trạng từ khác hoặc cho cả
câu.
2. Phân loại:
a. Trạng từ chỉ thể cách: well, carefully, quickly, hard, fast
2


b. Trạng từ chỉ thời gian: early/ late / yet/ now, today, yesterday, before, after,
tomorrow...
c. Trạng từ chỉ mức độ: too much/ too little/ very / extremely/ a lot / nearly
d. Trạng từ chỉ đòa điểm: here/ there/ upstairs/ at home / in the garden...
e. Trạng từ chỉ sự thường xuyên: always/ often/ usually/ sometimes/ hardly/
once a week.....
3. Chức năng:
a. Bổ nghóa cho tính từ:
A very beautiful girl
b. Bổ nghóa cho động từ:
walk slowly; study hard; play well

c. Bổ nghóa cho trạng từ:
walk very slowly; study so hard; play quite well
WORD FORM
1.
NOUN
VERB
ADJ
PARTICIPLE
ADV
NOTE
Danh từ
Động từ
Tính từ
Phân từ
trạng từ
Nghĩa
2. Anger
Angry
Angrily
Giận
3. Attraction
Attract
Attractive
Attracted
Attractively
Hấp dẫn
4. Beauty
Beautify
Beautiful
Beautifully

Đẹp
5. Business
Busy
Busily
Bận việc
6. Care/ ful/ ness Care
Careful/ less
Carefully/
Cẩn thận
lessly
7. Center
Central
Centrally
Trung tâm
8. Collection
Collect
Collective
Thu thập
9. Curiosity
Curious
Curiously
Tò mò
10. Danger
Endanger
Dangerous
Dangerously Nguy hiểm
11. Death
Die
Dead
Cheat

12. Depth (độ
Deepen
Deep
Deeply
Sâu
sâu)
(làm)
13. Difference
Differ
Different
Differently
Khác nhau
14. Difficulty
Difficult
Difficultly
Khó khăn
15. Excitement
Excite
exciting
Excited/
Excitingly
Hào hứng
ing
16. Friend/ - ship
Friendly
Bạn bè
17. Fluency
Fluent
Fluently
Trôi chảy

18. Harm
Harm (gây
Harmful/ less
Harmlully/les Hại
hại)
sly
19. Happiness
Happy
Happily
Hạnh
phúc
20. Health
Healthy
Healthily
Mạnh
khoẻ
21. Invention
Invent
Inventory
Phát minh
22. Laziness
Lazy
Lazily
Lười
biếng
23. Length
Lengthen
Long
Dài
24. Nation/ ality

Nationalize
National
Nước/
qtòch
25. Nature
Naturalize
Natural
Naturally
Tự nhiên
26. Pollution
Pollute
Polluted
Ô nhiễm
27. Practice
Practice
Practical
Practically
Thực hành
28. Prevention
Prevent
Preventable
Ngăn cản
3


29. Reason
30. Science/
Scientist
31. Strength
32. Success

Reason

Reasonable
Scientific

Reasonably
Scientifically

Lý do
Khoa học

Strengthen
Succeed

Strong
Successful

Strongly
Successfully

33. Warmth
34. Width
35. Wonder

Warn
Widen
Wonder

Warm

Wide
Wonderful

Warmly
Widely
Wonderfully

Mạnh
Thành
công
Ấm áp
Rộng
Kì diệu

IDENTIFICATION OF WORD FORMS
I. Chọn danh từ: (đầu câu, sau độïng từ và giới từ)
−

A, AN, THE


THIS/ THAT/ THESE/ THOSE

MY / OUR / Y OUR / THEIR / HER / HIS/ ITS 

EACH/ EVERY , BOTH , NO
)
+NOUN (Danh từ

FEW, A FEW, LITTLE, A L ITTL E, ENOUGH


SOME/ ANY / MANY , MUCH, A LOT OF


THE MOST /BEST....


II. Chọn tính từ: Trước danh từ, sau linking verbs,
- ADJ+ NOUN
A happy girl always smiles. (happiness)
- KEEP / SEEM/ BE/ FEEL/ LOOK + ADJ:
- Linking verbs: He’s heavy. ( heaviness)
III. Chọn trạng từ: Giữa chủ ngữ và động từ / sau động từ thường,
sau tân ngữ. đầu câu, ...
- S + ADV + V(thường):
- I have recently received my friend’s letter.
- S + V (+ O) + ADV
- The doctor told me to breathe in slowly.
- ADV, S + V
- Suddenly, he saw an accident.
IV. Chọn động từ: đứng ngay sau chủ ngữ:
- S + V:
- My mother bought a new bike yesterday.
V. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.
He feels very …………..............……….………so he talks …………..............……….
She looks…………..............……….………in her new coat.
He plays soccer …………..............……….………
Nam is always ………….............………. He is on his ……........….……… this week.
Mr. Han is a …………..............……….……… driver. He drives …………..............…
I live on …………..............……….……… highland in Dalak.

Hoa has a fine …………..............……….……… of stamp.
His …………..............……….……… helps him successful.
AIDS is a………..............……….disease
Her parents’ …………..............……….……… makes her very sad.
Mai understands me …………..............……….………
There is no …………..............……….……… between my answer and his.
We have a lot of …………..............……….……… in learning English.
The is an…………..............……….……… football match this afternoon.

Anger
Attract
Beauty
Business
Care
Center
Collect
Curious
Danger
Death
Depth
Differ
Difficult
Excite
4


We are very proud of our………..............……….
He speaks English …………..............……….………
If you smoke, it is …………..............……….……… to you.
She sent her best wishes for my future…………..............……….………

He does exercise every morning, so he is very…………..............……….………
Exercises …………..............……….………your health.
…………..............……….………students don’t often succeed in the tests.
. ………..............……….are trying to find out new stars.
Nam is very…………..............……….……… and heavy.
I don’t like hot weather. I like…………..............……….……… weather
Ha Long Bay is a …………..............……….……… Bay.

Friend
Fluency
Harm
Happiness
Health
Strong
Laziness
Science
Strength
Warmth
Wonder

ADVERB CLAUSES OF TIME & REASON
A. ADVERD CLAUSES OF TIME:
Là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian bắt đầu các liên từ When, while, after/
before, as (khi), until (đến khi )
S +V+ When/ while/ after/ before/ as/until + S +
V
Chỉ tương lai: When he comes tomorrow, we will welcome him.
Chỉ hiện tại: When it’s hot, I go swimming. / As I come, he is eating.
B. ADVERD CLAUSES OF REASON:
Là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do hay nguyên nhân bắt đầu các liên từ:

because/ since/ as (bởi vì)
S + V + because/ since/ as + S + V
Mr. Ba is late because/ since/ as she oversleeps.
Because Lan and Ba don’t have a tent, they never go camping.
C. Join two sentences into one, use because/ since/ as:
1. Lan and Ba never go camping. , so they don’t have a tent
...................................................................................................................................................
2. I stay at home. It rains.
...................................................................................................................................................
3. Tan is late for school. He misses the bus.
...................................................................................................................................................
4. The weather is fine. We have a picnic on the mountain.
...................................................................................................................................................
5. I don’t have a bike, so I walk.
...................................................................................................................................................
6. Nhan is free, so he flies his kites.
...................................................................................................................................................
D. Join two sentences into one, use when/ while/ after/ before/ as/until:
1. It is warm. I go fishing. (when)
...................................................................................................................................................
2. My father is eating. My mother cooks. (while)
5


...................................................................................................................................................
3. I take a bath first. Then I eat. (before)
...................................................................................................................................................
4. Mr. Quang waits for the farmer. The farmer comes. (until)
...................................................................................................................................................
5. He will come tomorrow. We will welcome him. (When)

...................................................................................................................................................
6. You will go the museum. You will see a lot of valuable pictures. (When)
...................................................................................................................................................

ARTICLES
A. Mạo từ không xác đònh: A,AN
1. A An : đứng trước danh từ đếm được
số ít để giới thiệu một điều gì chưa
được đề cập hoặc lần đầu.
2. An : đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu
bằng nguyên âm.
A : đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu
bằng phụ âm.
3. Những danh từ ,luôn dùng với A
4. Những danh từ ,luôn dùng với AN
B. Mạo từ xác đònh: THE

1.

2.
3.

Đứng trước danh từ đếm được hoặc
không đếm được ở số ít hay nhiều
để giới thiệu một điều gì đã được
đề cập, được bổ nghóa cụm giới
từ with / of + N hay điều mà ai
cũng biết.
The earth is round.
(ai cũng

biết)
The boy in the corner is my friend.
The sugar on the table is sweet. ( nghóa
riêng biệt)
The tigers in Vietnam are in danger.
Tên Nhiều hồ: The great Lakes
Các đại dương: the Atlantic Ocean
Các dòng sông: The red River
Các vùng biển: The red Sea
Tên các dãy núi: the Andes, the rocky
mountains
Một vật/ người duy nhất:

the earth, the moon, the sun, the Pope,
the sky

Examples
A ball is round.
I see a boy in the street.
an apple, an inkpot, an engineer
a book, a pen, house, a man,
European, uniform, universal, university,
union, eulogy, euphemism
hour, heir, herbal, honor
Không dùng mạo từ xác đònh:
THE
Trước danh từ không đếm được ở số
ít/ đếm được ở số nhiều khi nói đên
đặc điểm, chủng loại, giống nòi
chung chung.

Athletes must follow a well- balanced diet.
Sugar is sweet. (nghóa chung chung)
Tigers like fresh meat.

Tên hồ số ít: Lake Geneva, Lake Erie
Châu lục: Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia

Tên một núi: Mount Everest, Mount
Pinatubo
Tên các hành tinh: Venus, Mars,
Danh từ trừu tượng: freedom, happiness

6


4.

Tên các trường học có: the School of

Florida
Tên các trường đại học có: the
University of....
Tên các trường cao đẳng có: the
College of....
Số thứ tự đứng trước danh từ: the

5.
6.

7.

8.

first World War
Tên các nước gồm nhiều từ: the
U.S, the U.K
Tên các nhạc cụ: the guitar, the piano
Tên các cuộc chiến: the Korean war


A or An? The general rule is that we use a
before a consonant and an before a vowel:
a bowl, a car,a dog, but... an ant, an elephant,
an insect, an orange, an urn
But, what is important here is not the way a word is
written, but the way it sounds. We choose a or an
depending on the sound at the beginning of the word
and whether it is a vowel sound or a consonant sound.
For example, take the word uniform. Although it
begins with a vowel - u - when we write it, when we
say it the first sound is /y/ which is a consonant:
uniform is pronounced ‘/junɪfɔːm/ so we say a
uniform
One word which is often confused is hotel. Some
people pronounce this word as /həʊˈtɛl/ so they
would write:
a hotel. But other people pronounce this
word as /əʊˈtɛl/ and so they would write:
an hotel
 The Zero Article does not exist. It is a useful
term to use when describing how to use articles.

Essentially when we talk about the zero article, we
mean that we don’t use any article in front of a noun.
For example, when we use a noun with a preposition,
we often do not use an article (that is, we just use the
noun on its own):
I went to school but left my books at home. Mother
was in church and father at sea; Grandfather came to
dinner later by train and Grandmother managed to
escape from prison to join us.
When we talk about an institution, we use the zero
article.
parts of day/night

Tên trường học bắt đầu danh từ
riêng:
Quang Trung Secondary School
Hung Vuong University, Hong Bang College

Số đếm đi sau danh từ: World war one,
chapter two
Tên các nước gồm một từ: France,
Vietnam
Tên các môn thể thao: baseball,
volleyball, soccer
Những từ không bò giới hạn nghóa:
breakfast, lunch, dinner, church, school,
college, home, work, hospital

The definite article doesn't change. It is always
the whether the noun is masculine, feminine or neuter,

singular or plural. We use the definite article - the when we talk about a singular or plural noun which
refers to a particular member of a a group.
The woman.The man.The door.The doors.
Prior Reference
We often use the after the noun has already been
mentioned. For example:
An Englishman, an Irishman and a Sctosman walk into a
pub. The Englishman ordered a bitter; the Irishman
ordered a Guiness and the Scotsman ordered a whisky.
The first time we mention the noun we use the indefinite
article and from then on we use the definite article.
Known Reference
If both speakers know what they are talking about they
can use the even though the noun may not have been
mentioned before. In other words, it is implied that the
noun has already been mentioned.
Excuse me, do you know what the time is?
Where's the toilet?
In these examples, the speaker assumes that the listener
knows what is being talked about.
Miscellanous In addition, the is used in the following

special circumstances

Exceptions include: the Hague; the Matterhorn; the
Mall; the White House, the United States of America
We use the definite article - the - when we talk about a
singular or plural noun which refers to a particular
member of a a group.
In this example the group is all men; we want to reference

a particular man so we say: The man in the hat.
Compare this with the indefinite article which refers to
any man in the group: A man in a hat.

midnight, midday, noon, night
7


days
festivals
seasons & months

Monday, Tuesday
Easter
Winter, February

superlatives
ordinals
oceans, seas

years

1961, 1995, 2000

inventions

buildings

Buckingham Palace, number 10

titles

streets

Acacia Avenue, Pall Mall,
Sunset Boulevard

rivers & canals

airports

Heathrow, Gatwick

public buildings

mountains

London, New York, Tokyo,
Sydney, Cairo
Everest, K2, Mont Blanc

countries

America, Britain, Arabia

continents

Africa, Asia, America, Europe

cities & towns

newspapers
families
countries of
union
jobs
beliefs

people
magazines
games

Joe, Mrs Smith
Cosmopolitan, Time
football, tennis, bar billiards

ships
mountain chains
instruments
nationalities

COMPARISONS

the highest, the biggest, the oldest
the third man, the sixth wife
the Pacific, the Black Sea
the wheel, the internal combustion
engine
the Queen, the President, the
chairperson

the Thames, the Nile, the Suez
the Sheraton, the Red Lion, the
Natural History Museum
The Independent, The Daily Mirror,
The Times
the Browns, the Bushes
the United States, the United Arab
Emirates
He is an artist and his wife is a
plumber.
He is a Buddhist and his wife is an
atheist.
the Bismarck, the Lusitanian
the Alps, the Highlands
the piano, the bag pipes
He is an American and she is a
Swede.