KHẢO SÁT HIỆU GIÁ KHÁNG THỀ CHỐNG BỆNH NEWCASTLE

Bq) GIAO DpC vn

DAo TAO

TRTIONG E4.r rrQC NoNG r-AVr

rp.nd

CHi MINH

KHOA CHAN NUOI-THUY
* *+** * * * * r. * *** rr*

NGUYEN THAI\IIDANG

KHAo SAT HIEU CTA rcIANG THE CI{ONG BENII
NEWCASTLE VA NANG SUAT rntlr DAN GA THIT
GIONG AA TAI TRAI GA TII THA.CH

Kh6a lu{n elu. c


trinrr a6 d6p img y6u cAu c6p bing nac

Gi6o vi6n hudng ddn
ThS. NGUYEN THI

Thdngl8l20Ll

THUNAM

ii

thri y


xAc Nn4N c0a cIAo vrtNl HIIoNG DAN
!I9 r'it6n sinh vi6n thUc hi-6n: Nguy6n Thanh Dang.
T€n ludn vdn: "Kh6o s6t hiQu gi61ga thit gi6ne

AAtutrqi

gd Tu Th4ch". Da hoan thdnh lu{n vdn theo dring y6u cAu

cua gi6o vi€n huong d6n

vd

cdc

y kitin

nhQn x6t, tl6ng g6p crla hQi d6ng ch6m

Khoa ChEn Nu6i Thf Y ngdy.....th6ng.....ndm 201l.

,l
.
,x tl;lv

'./'
ulao vlen nuong oan

ThS. Nguy6n Thi Thu

Nim

thi


r-,or cnwr oN
Thhnh kinh biiit or'Ba M9
Ld ngudi dd sinh thdnh, nu6i du&ng, d4y d5, lo lang

vdLo

t4o didu kiQn cho

con duoc c6 ng2rY h6m naY.

Xin chAn thinh cim trn
Ban giSm hiQu trudng {ai hOc N6ng Ldm TP. HCM. Ban Chri NhiQm Khoa
Chdn Nu6i Thri Y cung todn th6 quy Thdy C6 dd t{n tinh giang dpy, huong ddn,
truyan d4t nhfing ki6n thric cing nhirng kinh nghiQm quf b6u cho t6i trong su6t th6i
gian hgc tflp t4i truong.

C6 Nguy6n Thi Thu NEm da t{n tinh hu6ng d5n, het lOng ClW do t6i trong
su6t qu6 trinh thlrc tflp vd hodn thdnh kh6a lu{n t6t nghiQp.

Cdng

ty c0 phAn

chdn nudi CP ViCt Nam chi

nhrffi Vinh Long, cOng.ty

TNHH Tu Th4ch dE t4o didu kiQn thu{n 1gi cho tdi trong qu6 trinh thqc

t@p

kh6a

lufln tot nghi6p.
Tht ciL cAcb4n lop DH06TY vd

girip do tdi trong su5t thoi gian hqc

nhtng ngudi bqn ciing kh6a da g6n b6 vn

tip t4i trucrng'

Thdnh ph6 HO Chi Minh thring 08 ndm 2011
Sinh vi6n thtrc hiQn

Nguy6n Thanh Dang

111

E

TOM TAT
cfu "Khio s6t hiQu gi:i khing th6 chiing bQnh Newcastle vir
nlng su6t ilhn gn thlt giiing AA t4i tr4i gir Tu Th4ch", dugc thuc hiQn tn thring 2
Dd tdi nghiCn

ndm 2011 di5n thrlng 6 ndm 2C11 tqi trpi gd chdn nu6i gd c6ng nghiQp gi6ng

AA cria

cdng ty TNHH Tu Thach d xd An Phu6c, huyQn Mang Thit, tinh Vinh Long. X6t
nghiQm 128 m6u rndu bing piratt ,.irg
phAn chdn nudi CP ViQt Nam. KCt

MG

vi

IIA, HI tgi phdng xdt nghiQm

cria cdng ty c6

qui kh6o s6t cho th61 :

%CD chdng bQnh Newcastle ltc 2 ngity tudi khdng c6 biiin,ttQng (Edn I:

N'IG: i28, %CD:100%; ddn II: MG

:

84, o/oCD

-

1009'o).

C 20 ngdy tu6i (truoc chung Iin 21, ddn l: MG < 2, %CD:6.25%: ilan II: MC

<2,%CD

-

jyo.

A 34 ngiry tu6i (tru6c chring lAn 3), ddn I: MG

MG:56, %CD'
6 +l
"'oCD

-

T!

:

2i,1, %CD:

dinlt:

7s%.

ngay tu6i ltrudc xu6t

ttritl, ddn I: MG -- 32, %CD

:

7

5%o;

din II: MG

:

69,

87,5Vo.

l0 ch6t drin

I Id 8,94Yo, ddn lI la 9,8%.

Ndng su6t: trong luong binh qu6n '6 42 ttgity tu6i

drin

56,250/o;

II ld 2689,4 kglcon

gicon/nglry, ddn

II

cia

ddn

I ld 2830,4 kglcon,

TIng trgng tuyet d6i trung binh 6 ddn

1d 64,1 glcon/tgity. HQ sd chuy6n bi6n thric 5n ddn

rhric dnl kg tdng trgng, dan

II la

1,7

kgthic drl

1V

kg t[ng trqng.

I

Id

66,44

I ld 1,57 kg


;

MUC LUC


v1


2.5.4 Cfucnghi€n ciru vA hiQu gi6 kh6ng thO ch5ng b0nh Newcastle ................25

vll



DANH SACH CAC CHII VIET TAT
AA: Arbor Acres
FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization
ND: Newcastle Disease

NDV: Newcastle Disease virus
F: Fusion

HN: Haemagglutinin- neuraminidase
CEF: Chicken Embryo Fribroblast
CPE: Cytophatho Effect
I

IA: Haemagglutination test

HI: Haemagglutination Inhibition test

MG: Medica Geometrica

IBDV: Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
IB: Infectious Bronchitis

IA: Influenza A virus
OIE: Office Intemational des Epizooties

WND: Viscerotropic Velogenic

Newcastle disease

ELISA: Enzym Linked lmmunosorbent Assay

lx


cAc nawc

DAr\iH sAcu

TRANG

Bhng2.l Qui trinh thu6c 0 trai........-......

""""""":"'21

""""""""""""'23

Bing}.z Gid md t6t ddn '................
Bing 3.1 Qui trinh chring ngira Newcastle vd c6c bQnh khdc

rn6u...........

Bing3.2 Thdi di6m

16y

Bing 3.3 C6ch thgc

hiQn

d

trai"""""""" """"'27

...........-....'.':...'

""""""""""""'27

phin img HA.................. ....'..........""""""""""""" """' 30

Bing3.4 C6ch thpc hiQn phdn tng HI

...'.......--....'....

."""""""""""'32

BAng4.1Gi6tri MG vdokCD cria2 tldn.........-.'.... ...........-.-r:..'... """""""""""""35
Bhng 4.2 Tj, lQ ch6t theo tuAn cria ddn I vd ddn

II...-..'.."""""""""""""""""" """ 36

Bing 4.3 Benh tich d4i th6 gd m6 kh6m..'............

.."......"""""""""39

B6ng 4.4 Trgng lugng binh qu6n theo tuAn cria ddn I vd dan II (g/ con)

"""' """""42

II (g/cor/ngdy)' """"""aa
B6ng 4. 6 HQ s6 chuyi5n bi6n thric dn cria ddn I vd cldn II theo tudn (kg thtc Anlkg
Bing 4.5 Tdng trgng tuyQt d6i theo tuAn ciia

tdngtrgng)......

cldn

I

v-d ddn

45

x


DA.Ntrr

sAcH cAc niNH
TRANG

""""' 10
""""""""""""'17

H\nh2'2 So d6 phdn lip virus ND """""""""

Th4ch...."""""
""""""""" 18
llinh 2.4 Dgn phdn vi tr6u sau khi xu6t gd""""""""""
"""""""""'24
IInh 2'5 M6y hiter....'..'
"""'"""""""""37
Illnh 4.1 Gd bi vi€rn r(5n ltc 2 ngiry tu6i"""""""""
':""""""""""" """"""37
Itrnh 4.2 Gd cldn II tu thdnh cqm......--.'...""
"""""""""""""'37
Hinh 4.3 Gd bi ti0u ch6y ph6n tring. .......""""""'
""""""""""" ""','38
Hinh 4.4 ca t ffi lirc 4 tuAn tuOi.

"""""'38
Ilinh 4.5 Gd di phdn c6 m6u hic 4 tuan tu6i.
""""' 38
Hinh 4.6 Gd kh6 th6, rufn c6 ttc 4 tuAn tu6i. .-......""""""""
""""""38
Ilinh 4.7 Gdbi srmg m6t hic 4 tudn. ..'..."""

Ilinh 2'3 Trgi

gd Tu

""""""""""""""""""""""""""40

Ilinh

4.8 Manh trdng xu6t nuy6t 6 gd 5 tuan tudi

Ilinh

4.9 Mdng bao tim, mirng bao gan vi6m tich casein gd 5 tuan

tudi'...'.""""""
Ilinh 4. 11 Gan sung, mdrng bao gan vi6m casein"""""""
Ilinh 4.L2 Dan gd h6i phuc veo 6 tuAn tu6i. ..'.'."""""

Hinh 4. 10 Than srmg

16n

6 gd 5 tuAn

x1

fir6i"""""""""40

""""""""""'40
"""""""40
"';""""""""41


F=.

Chucrng

1

MOEAU
1.1Eit v6n

iIO

Nudc /a ngdnh chSn nu6i'%6i chung dang ph6t tri6n theo hu6ng c6ng nghiQp h6a

v6i

mQt dQ

nhim muc

k! thuflt

dich tao ra ning su6t ve loi nhuAn cao nh6t. Trong d6, chdn nu6i gi d5 c6
nu6i cao, giting chuy€n dpng, 6p dUng nhtng thdnh tgu kloa hqc

nhirng budc phdt tri6n nh6y vqt nhd img dung nhirng thdnh qu6 cfia c6ng nghQ sinh
hgc, di truyAn hoc, dinh dudng, y hgc vd quin tri kinh doanh, nhiing tii5n b0 d6 dA dua

ngdnh chin nu6i

gi

16n

dinh cao cria sq ph6t tri6n nhu hiQn nay (Ldm Minh Thufln,

2004).

Chdn nu6i gd n6i ri6ng

thri hai trong t6ng

giltri

vdL

chdn nu6i gia cAm n6i chung chi6m v!

tri

quan trgng

s6n xuSt c[ra ngd,nh ch[n nu6i nu6c ta. Chdn nu6i gd chi6m

72-73%trong t6ng ddn gia cAm hang ndm (ViQn chSn nu6i, 2007).

Tuy nhi6n, song song v6i su phAt ki6n d6 1u6n c6 nhtng nguy co, r'iri ro tdn t4i
nh6t le

tinl hinh dich

bQnh di6n bi6n phric tpp ldm 6nh hudng, thiQt

chdn nu6i gia cdm. M6t trong nhtng bQnh ph6
quan tAm hing il6u trong chln nu6i
16

ch6t cao c6 th6 lcn

t6i

g6y 6 nhiSm mOi trudng

Trong thuc

cAm hi0n nay

vi li

m6i

gi ld bQnh Newcastte bdi bQnh ley lan r6t nhanh, tj'

100%0. BQnh
vdL

ti5n tr6n gia

hpi 16n cho ngdnh

cdn ld m6i nguy co birng ph6t dich tren diQn rQng

stlc kho6 c6ng d6ng (NguySn Ngqc Sctn, 2008.).

til ngudi chdn nu6i dd chring ngira b5ng vaccine phdng bQnh

Newcastle nhrmg bQnh vdn x6y ra gAy thiQt h4i kinh t6

dt

lorl.

XuAt ph6t tu thyc t6 d6, rtugc su cho ph6p cria khoa Chdn Nu6i -- Thri Y, su
huong clSn cria ThS. Ng"y6n Thi Thu NEm, chtng t6i da ti6n hanh kh6a luQn
s6t hiQu gi6

"Khio

khing th6 chiing bQnh Newcastle vh ning s.,6t dito gn thit giiing AA

tai trai gh Tu Th4ch"

l

I

1.2 NI4c alich va Yeu cau
1.2.I Mgc ilich

nlng tl6p fmg mi6n dich cta din gi sau khi ti0m phdng
vn bao hQ
vaccine Newcastle, d5nh gi6 qui trinh vaccine Newcastle 6 toai c6 hqp ly
Nhim denh

gi6k'J1n

dugc tlan gd haY kh6ng.
1.2.2YOu cAu

Chirng ngira Str dlmg phdn irng ngung k6t h6ng

ciu gi IIA (haemaglutination test) vd phAn

img ng6n trd ngung kiit h6ng cAu HI (haemaglutination inhibition test) d6 x6c dinh hiQu
gi6 khring the chSng Newcastle tr6n gd.

Theo doi fj'lQ ch6t vd theo d6i bQnh tich d4i th€ tr6n nhtng con chtit.
Theo d6i nlng suSt ci,a dAn ge

Chuong2
TONG QUAN
2.1 Bfnh Newcastle
2.1.1 Dlnb nghia
Theo Nguy6n Th! Phu6c Ninh, 2010, benh Newcastle (ND - Newcastle disease)
hay cdn ggi

h

ti

bQnh dich

hay bQnh gn rir. B0nh do Newcastle disease virus (NDV)

giy nin voi cdc ddc ditim clru y6u cta
h6p,

tiiu

bQnh la gay x6o tr6n vd b6nh tich tr6n duong h6

h6a, thin kinh.

Li

bQnh truydn nhiSm c5p

2.1.2 Lich su

tinh vd r6t lAy 1an, rj'1Q chtit c6 thii len d5n 100%.

vi dla du' bQnh li

Theo Nguy6n

Thi Phudc Ninh, 20]0, diu {i6n bQnh dugc bi6t vAo giira

ndm

1920 vd bQnh Newcastle nhanh ch6ng trO thdnh mtii de dqa nghiOm trong cho ndn chin
I

,

-,'

-,
nuoi ga cong nghrep cua lne glol.

NAm 1926, Doyie dd th6y benh ndy gdn thanh phii Newcastle cria hu6c Anh vd
da ddt t6n benh theo dia danh.

Sau d6 ngudi ta th6y Newcastle c6
nhAt 1a 6 chAu

A,

chAu Phi, vd

Bic M!,

khip noi tr6n

bQnh 6 ch6u

A,

thtS

gi6i nhung luu hdnh rQng

chAu Phi thudng n{ng, cdn 6

Bic M! thucrng 6 th6 nhq.

ft

O ViQt Nam Uenh Aa c6

VIn Fluyiin m6 tn

1 bQnh

d miAn

Nam 1938, Vittor m6

ti

l6u vd lan truyBn tu

Bic t6i Nam. Ndm i933,

Blc vd gqi ld bQnh dich ta gd gii

Ph4m

d E6ng Ducmg.

1 b€nh tr6n gd 6 Nam B0 c6 tri€u chring giiing ND.

NIm 1949, Jabcob 116 chimg minh ND c6 d Nha Trang. Nlm

1956, Nguy6n Luong vd

TrAn Quang Nhi6n dd kh[ng dinh s1r c6 m4t bQnh ndy d c6c tinh phia

Bic nu6c

ta.


1.1.,r

CIn bQnh
Theo LC Anh Phung, 2006, virus Newcastle thudc hg Paramyxoviridae.
Ho phu Paramyxovirinae.
Gt6ng Rubulavirus.
Loai Newcastle Disease iirus.

2.1.3.1 Hinh th6i c6u

trric cria virus Newcastle

100 - 300 nm

Hinh 2.1 Hinh th5i vd c6u truc virus Newcastle
Le

1

ARN virus, don sgi, c6 v6 boc bing lipid. Kich thu6c tlulng kinh cira hat

virus 100- 500 nm. C6 khi n6ng ngrmg k6t h6ng ciu cria mdt sii lodi gia cAm, lu6ng
th0, bd s5t, ngudi, chuQt

thi chi ngrmg

kt5t

vdL

chuQt lang cdn h6ng cau cua irdu, bd, d0, ciru, ngga

vi

heo

boi mot s6 chring NDV.

Tr6n v6 bgc cria virus c6 2 loai gai glycoproteins rdi nhau ld gai F: Protein F
(fusion), gai HN: Haemagglutinin - neuraminidase (Enzym neuraminidase tr6n phAn tu
Haemagglutinin).


2.1.3.2 PhAn Io4i c6c chfrng virus
Theo Nguy6n XuAn Binh, 2000, chirng cudng d6c (velogene) nhtng virus thu6c
n16m

niy c6 khi ning g6y ch6t ph6i, thoi gian ch6t trong vdng

hy nhiSm ndo. Virus nh6m
d6

ndLy

g6y bQnh ndng vA

min cim v6i bQnh. C6 tinh phir t4ng ry\fND

tj' l0 ch6t

t6

auo:ig

cao trong cdc ddn

gi m6i

- Viscerotropic

50 gio, bAt

Velogenic Newcastle

disease) gay bQnh tich n{ng tr6n dudng ti6u h6a md di6n hinh 1d aang

"riofpoyDgay
hiy ho4i t6 bdo vi tao thinh nhirng ming trong hodc miu d6 tr6n m6i trulng nu6i c6y
t6

bio cta ph6i gn (CPE - Cytophatho Eff'ect).
Ngoii ra, virus nh6m ndy cdn c6 tinl hu6rg ph6i (pneumotropes)
rha ho

h;p ,r,i,*i,f,fi.i.r.fi*.)un.o

vA

tinh hu6ng

,r.

Chirng dQc lgc vira (mesogene)
GAy b6nh tr6n ph6i, thdi gian gAy ch6t phoi trong vdng 60- 90 gid. Virus nh6m

ndy ctng c6 hu6ng ph6i

vi

c6 th6 k6t hop ngAu nhi6n v6i d6u hi6u th6n kinh, duqrc

Beaudette m6 th ndm 1946.

Khi gdy nhi6m theo con dubng ngoai vi thi bQnh glty ra 6 th6 nhe. Nhung n6u
dua vdo ndo lhi bQni sC rdt ndng. Virus

cing gay bfnfi rich 15 bao nlu nh6nr Velogenic

tr6n ph6i gd (CPE).

Chring d6c luc y6u (lentogene)

Virus thuoc nh6m ndy kh6ng g6y ch6t ptrOi hodc ldm ctrtit phOi khbnng >90 gid.
Nh6m ndy thu'dng duoc dirng d6 ch6 tao vaccine.
TrCn thuc t(5 n6u nhi6m bQnh do chtng ndy gAy n6n thi tri6u chimg thuolg c6

tinh hucmg pn6i, ti6u hiQn 6 dudng h6 h6p (thd khd khd), it hay kh6ng d6c, duoc
Hitchner m6 tA n5m 1948.
Thi5 ruQt (lentirgene virus) kh6ng c6 tri6u chring, nhi6m trung ruQt lA
gdy bQnh kh6ng rO

ring.

Virus nh6m ndy chi g6y b6nh tich
Mg vd Diethylaminoethyl (D.E.A.E).

fu-

cht y6u,

tC bAo

khi dugc b6 sung vio m6i trudng ch6t


2.1.3.3 D{c di6m nu6i c6Y
Tr6n Phdi gd

NDV thulng dugc nu6i c6y tr6n t6 bio sqi ph6i gd (CEF - chicken embryo
fibroblast), trdn t5 bio thQn ph6i gd.

NDV sinh s6n tdt trongBh6i gd 9 -

11 ngny

tu6i, tlulng tiOm vdo xoang niQu m6

(allantois).

r.

-

Tren mot truong te bao

Tao bQnh tich t6 bdo d[c hiQu (CPE)

li

nhiing th6 vtri (inclusion bodies) vir

syncytia ldm cho t5 bno bi ch5t vd tr6c ra.
2.1.3.4 Sftc il6

khing

Theo NguySn Th! Phu6c Ninh, 2010, virus dE bi ph6 hny

b

6i

cdc tdc nhAn

v{t li,

do, tia cgc tim, citc chSt oxy h6a, pH, vd c6c ch6t h6a hgc. Trong
h6a hoc
' nhu nhi0t
\ Itl,Jltli6u kiqn kho r6ovs6ng dugc nhi6u th6ng. Bio cluAn 6 nhi0t dQ thAp sdng l6u trong thlt,
da,n6o, tuystSng, O 1-40Ct6nt4i 3 - 6 th6ng. A -220C

'Irong x6c ch6t, thit th6i riia, ph6n fi
Trdn ndn chu6ng, 6 ror.,

a-

k!,

tiintai itnh6t 1nam.

ch6t nhanh ch6ng kh6ng qtd 24 giit.

uort chtit nhanh ch6ng. O

pH: 2 -

10, cb kh6

nlng gAy

nhiSm duoc nhidu gid. C6c ch6t s6t trung thong thuirng: Suds 2 %, fomol 1 Yo, crezil 5
%, sta v6i 10 % ti6u di6t virus nhanh ch6ng.

2.1.4 Truy6n nhi5m hgc
2.1.4.1 DQng

vit

c6m thg

Trong thi6n nhi6n, h2u htit c6c lo4i gia cAm di;u m6n cAm vdi bQnI ndy, nhung
non thi cim thg v6i virus ckrg manh.
"drg
Vit vd ng6ng c6 thO nhi6m virus nhrmg c6 rdt it hay kh6ng c6 d6u hiQu cta bQnli

gd ld lodi

m[c

cim thq manh nh6t, gd

dr) chring virus gdy ch5t cho gd.

Benhgpuhlem j,a!g rg ngudi, giy vi6m ktlt mac m6t.


chri'a
2.1.4.2 Ch6t

cln

bQnh

Theo NguySn Thi Phu6c Ninh, 20i0, ph6i va nao td noi chria virus nhiAu nh6t.

co quan phri t4ng, circ chStbdi tit5t ddu chria cdn b6nh, m6u chira
Ngodi ra, hAu h6r cric
virus nhung kh6ng thudng xuY6n'

Trimg
1cj' 6p

trimg.

2.1.4.3 Phuong thftc truYdn IAY

Theo Nguy6n Xudn Binh, 2000, bQnh lAy lan chri y6u qua h6 h6p, ti€u h6a, c6
th6 qua ni6m mac.

Do vi6c nh$p khau gia cdm tri nu6c bi nhi6m bQnh sang nudc chua c6 mAm
benh.

LAy qua gia cdm kh6c vd chim hoang dd da nhi6m bQnh di cu sang vr)ng chua c6

mim benh.
Do nhflp ctdn m6i vio
LAy nhi6m

tt

1

trong 2 din tr6n tld c6 dirn bi nhi6m benh.

vaccine da nhiSm mAm bQnh c6 d6c luc manh (mim bQnh ndy

.:

'
tri giL mg sang trirng vdo ph6i. Nhtng trLmg ndy l4i ttem ch6 vaccine.
nhiem

Vi v{y

ngay trong vaccine t15 c6 mAm bQnh dQc llrc m4nh).

Ldy
I

qua x6c ch6t

tu nhtng gn

bQnh.

Nhtng con kh6e m6 ph6i ho4c hit phai

.^,

mam bQnh c6 trong m6i trudng chu6ng trai.
LAy nhi6m qua dqng cu vd ngudi chdn nu6i da nhiSm bQnh.

2.1.4.4 Cich sinh bQnh
Theo Nguy6n Thi Phudc Ninh, 2010, sau khi x6m nh4p vAo dudng ti6u h6a hodc
h6 h6p, NDV nhdn l6n 6 t6 beo biiiu m6 cira dudng h6 h6p tr6n. Nh6m virus c6 d6c lgc

ytiu khu tru 6 d6 ldm thanh nhi6m trung 6n (subclinical) n6u kh6ng c6 nhi6m trr)ng thir

2 xAy ra,Yi
I

L

du'. Mycoplasma

gallisepticum, E.coli,...Nhtng chring NDV c6 tIQc lqc


1}{esogene

vdL

r6i lan
Velogene) thi nhan len c6 6 b6n ngoii t5 bAo bi6u m6 h6 h6p

' ' ^

' ) c6c co quan Phu tang'
cong va(
rrul'6n qua mau, tan
theo d6c luc cira virus'
Trigu chimg 16m sang xuSt hi6n trotg::|S ry*l.ttv
2.1.5 TriQu chring
bOnh trung binh 5 - 6 ngd1'
Theo Nguy5n Th! Phu6c Ninh, 2010, thdi gian nung
nhrrng c6 th6 thaY aOi

tu Z - 15 ngdY'

2.1.5.1 Hudng nQi t4ng (th6 Doyle, 1926)
c6ch b6t thinh linh, thinh thoAng c6 nhfing con gd ch5t mi
oC,
bd dr, khat
gd bu6n ba' s6t cao 43
ld

ti6n
dAu
hiQn
gi.
Bi6u
chfrng
triQu
c6
kh6ng
nu6c, kh6 thd, kift sric d6n, ch6t sau 4 - 8 ngdy'
Benh xu6t hiQn

I

C6 the phn 6 c6c m6 0 xung quanh

-it

'e

diu'

Gd di phin 16ng mdu xan4' thinh

thoing c6 vdY miltt.
Sau khi

gi

giit, rung co, vgo

diu thi xu6t hiQn c6c triQu chring thAn kinh nhu: co
c6, udn minh ra sau, liQt chAn vd crffi' tri s6 16n d6n 100 %'
qua giai tloan

2.1.5.2 Huring h6 hAp, thAn kinh (th6 Beach)

Thc bqnh ndy chit y6u xuAt hiQn 6

M!

n6n cdn gqi ld th6 My' BCnh cing xu6t

hien L cdch b5t thinh linh vd lan truy6n 1 c6ch nhanh ch6ng'

giAm de hodc
Ce benh bi6u hiQn kh6 thd, ng6p gi6 vi hq giAm ngon mi6ng'
Sau 1 d6n 2 ngdy hay
ngirng d6. PhAn khdng th6y ti6u ch6y (kh6ng gi6ng d th6 Dovle)'
mic bQnh 100 %' TJ, lQ chct
chAm hon c6 th6 xu6t hi6n c6c d6u hiQu,!g-E!h Tj lQ
thay doi, gi lon c6 th€ ch5t 50 %. Gd nh6 ch6t 16n dt:n 90 %'

2.1.5.3 Hudng hd h6p (th6 Beaudette, 1946)
y6u h ho' ng6p gi6 it
Ld bQnh h6 h6p d nhirng gn tru&ng thdnh' Bi€u hiQn chri
ddi dtin vdi tuAn' inh
th6y, b-Anh g6y giim ngon miQng, gi6m sin xu6t trfng c6 th6 k6o
hucrng d6n

chit lugng trung.


rfl
i

DAu hiQu

thin kinh c6 th6 xu6t

hiQn nhung kh6ng thuirng xuY6n

ngoai tru nhirng gd con nhay
rhuqng th6P

cim'

1948
2.1,5.4 Th6 Hichner,
ThC

niy it khi

Tj' le ch6t

tirAy tr6n gd tru&ng thdnh'

Nhtng d5u hiQu

hO

ttL('rn

rale) c6

tq ch5t kh6ng d6ng k6' gi nh6 man
gd ngir ilay bi quay lai'
khi
thSy
nhQn
dugc
th6
h6 hAp n4ng horn gi lcrn'
cim v6i bOnh thi gdy bQnh
ph6t nhu sau khi chirng ngta vaccine
Thtrdng xu5t hiQn khi c6 nhiSrn tring k6

fi

Lasota hay
chtSt

tiri khi' Do d6'
tef hqp v6i E.colia6n aen colisepticemia lim vi6m

ti

lC

gd c6 dAu hiQu thAn kinh:

c6 thc 16n di5n 30 %. Kh6ng th6v

2.1,6 BQnh tich

bQnh

tich chu y5u xu6t hiQn 6 th€ Doyle'
Theo Nguy6n Th! Phu6c Ninh, 2010, bQnh
hqp v6i hoai tu tr6n c6c ming
d6c trung cria bQnh li xu6t huy5t d6 dim t6t

tich

trdng (hach amygdale)'
lympho cria thdnh ruQt vd ng6 ba van h6i manh
t,v5" tG d4 ddy tuy5n' c6 th6 xu5t hiQn tren da ddy
xr5, huret t en rcilat

*"

-co. Xu6t huy5t vn 1em be ldng d6 vio trong xoang bgng, nhtng nang trung trong bu6ng
va thudng ldm nhat miu c6c co quan
hring thudng mdm nhdo, tho6i h6a' XuAt huytit
sinh san

h6 h6p nhu: tich dich
Cing v6i cdc th6 kh6c cira ND c6 bQnh tich tr0n dulng
huyt5t khi quin' c6 the bi viem
vi6m d mffi, thanh quin, khi quin, x'5t h'y6t' xung
ptrOi,

tui

tiri

ddy duc nh6t ld d

gi

con c6 th6 tich dich vi6m vd casein'

2.1.7 Chin tlo6n
2.1.7.1 ChAn tloin

PhAn biQt

B
Ch6n doan ph0n biQt Newcastle vd thi5u vitamin

BQnh Newcastle lAy lan m?nh,

ty

lQ ch5t cao' c6m

chring r6i lo4n h6 h5p, ti6u h6a vd

1

thg v6i mqi hia tu6i' V6i c6c tri6u

thin kinh' BCnh tich xuSt huy6t' hoai tu

lympho tr6n ruQt, h4ch amygtlale vd d4 diy tuy6n'

mAng


Thi6u vit B 1 : c6 bi6u hiQn thAn kinh, kh6ng si5t, khOng ri5i loan h6 hAp, ti6u h6a
kh6ng c6 bQnh tich tr6n dudng h6 h6p

vi

ti6u h6a.

2.1.7.2 ChLndodn trong phdng thi nghiQm
Phfln

lip virus tr6n ph6i gh 9- 11 nghy tudi
i-

B€nh phAm
(nao, ph6i, ruQt, phdn, khi quan, cn6t tict duirng h6 h6p)
J

,.;.
-.
l\gften nat

J

Nudc muOislnh

ti

Khring sinh + ch6t ch6ng n6m
Huy6n dlch 10- 20 %

i
Lec

I
Ti6m

vdLo

ph6i gn 9- l1 ngdy tu6i

Li6u ti6m 0,1- 0,2mVph6i
Xoang niQu;6 (allantois) hay

Itrnh 2.2 SSau

khi ti6m 36- 48 gib toan

hiQn b€nh tich tren ph6i

bQ bdo

h tu huy6t,

nu6c trung ldm phan img huytit thanh

lQp

thai

vi

ldng

t16

virus ND
nu6c tnlmg ddu chria virus,

xu6t huy5t, da

hgc.

tii

sE

xu6t

vi td chric ti€n kiit du6i da. L6y
:

Nu6i cdy tr6n m6i trumg t6 bdo: virus gey bQnh tich tt! bdo dac hiQu ld t4o thil
hqp bdo hay t6 bio k56ng ld c6 nhidu nhdn Gycytra). L6y huy6n dich m6i truong t5 bdo

lim phan ring huyl5t thanh hgc.

10


phhn finghuY5t thanh hoc
+ Tim khang nguY6n:

Bdng phnn

tug ngrmg ktit h6ng ciu (haemagglutinin - HA)

Phan r?ng ngdn trd ngrng ktSt hdng cAu (haemagglutinin inhibition - HI).
Phan r?ng toung hda (vi4ts neutralization test)
Phan ring ktlt tua khutich trln tr6n th4ch
Phan ring miSn dich hujnh quang
Phan rmg ELiSA (enzym linked immunosorbent assay)
+ Tim kJrdng th6:

Phan

fng HI, ELISA

2.1.8 PhdngbQnh
2.1.8.1 Ve sinh phdng bQnh
Ap dqng nguy€n li phdng ch6ng

bQnh truy6n nhi6m dga tr6n su

khdu cria qu6 trinh truyAn lAy. Ddng thdi ket hgp vdi cdng t6c qufur
hong cdng

ttic

li


vdo 3

f

nghia

tdt cb

tic phdng bQnh.

2.1:8.2 PhdngbQnh bingvaccine
Theo Nguy6n Thi Phu6c Ninh, 2010, c6 2 lopi vaccine: siSng nhugc dQc, chtit
bat ho?t

+ SOng, nhuoc d6c
DOc ltrc ytiu (live lentogene): HB1, F, Lasotathudng tluo.c dring
nhrmg cf,ng c6 th6 sri dgng cho moi lira tu6i.

mit, nh6 mfi| ti€m

M,

DQc ltrc trung binh

(live mesogene).

Eu-o.

cho:11o1

c chting bing nhiEu duong nhu: nh6

chich mdmg c5nh hay phun suong.

Vaccine M (Mukteswa) chi ching ngira cho ga 2 thring tu6i trd t6n. Dudng ti6m

SC,IM.
$ Vaccine chtit (killed vaccine, Inactivated)

11


tro

1d

Virus vaccine ngira cho gdL
keo phdn hay phdn chua hodc nhfi tuong dAu. Duoc ding d6 chirng

de, duong

ti6m IM haY SC'

2.1.9 Tri bOnh
BQnh do virus ndn kh6ng c6

thu(ic diAu tri dac hiQu. N6n b6 sung cic chit diQn giAi

sinh dO
vd vitarnin dd ndng cao st?c de kh6ng. Dirng kh6ng

lim giim

c6c vi khuAn k5

ph6t t6n c6ng.

2.2 Dicdi6m

hQ

thiing miSn dlch cfra gia cim

C ng nhu d tren thir,
Ccr quan

hQ

th6ng co quan dang lympho cira gia cdm duoc chia ldm 2 loai:

lymPho trung uong

Bao g6m tiry xuong, tuyi5n Thymus vd tui Fabricius.

Triy xuong

li

-d-,

noi sin xu6t c6c ttl bdo

t5 bdo cira hQ mi6n dich.

_

t grr6t g5c cria c6c t6 bAo miiu vd c5c

Tiry xuong cung c{p c6c tidn lympho T

vdL

B cho tuy6n irc vd

tiri Fabricius ldm nhiQm vu biQt ho6-

Tuyiin Thymus ld chu6i hach nim

trinh phSt tui6n cria co th6, tuy6n ric
thr5ng miSn

d'c hai b6n

ldr c
dich. C6c tti bdo d4ng lympho

quan lympho hinh thdnh s6m nh6t cita

hQ

tuy6n ric kh6ng phdLi duoc hinh thdnh

t.i

O

ch5 md do noi kh6c di trri dt|n. Nhiing thi nghi-6m gAn

tuy6n ric sin

xuft ra m6t

theo chi6u ddi cria c6. 1.ong qua

dly

cho th6y vio'ngdy 6p thir 6

chAt dugc goi D "yiiu t6 hoat <10ng ho6 hoc" thu hrit nguy6n

bdo vd cho ph6p ching di chuy6n

vio

ddng m5u d5n m6 tuy5n irc. Tuy6n irc tiiip nh*n

bio vd bi6n chring thdnh tt5 bdo lympho T thenh th*c. Ngay sau khi tti bdo
lympho T thd,nh thuc chring duoc di chuy6n ra m6u vd tdi khip t6 chrlc lympho thf

nguy6n

c6p. NgAy nay

nguni ta bi6t rO tuy6n .ic

c6c nguyen bdo non tr6 tro

li

co quan c6 nhiQm r,u

ddLo

t4o vd hu6n luyQn

thinh c5c lympho T tru6ng thenh do dim nh{n c6c chr?c

ndng riOng biQt.

Trii Fabricius c6 d4ng gi6ng hinh cA, nim d phia tren 15 huyet vd c6 cu5ng
th6ng v6i 15 huyQt. Trii Fabricius c6 nhiQm vq ti6p nhQn t6 bio ph6i chua tru&ng thdLnh

12


vd bi5n chring

thdnh nhiing t6 bdo mi6n dlch hoin chinh hay cdn goi la

ti5

bao lympho

khoing ngdy thir 5 sau khi 5p trung' tai phin cu6i 15 huyQt cria ph6i
B thenh thqc. Viro
phia hmg. E6n ngdy 10 -12 c6c itu bio c[ra tui ph6t
hinh rhdnh mor tui hunng l6n
c6

t6 chric 1i6n ket. Sau d6 c6c t6 bdo lympho tri6n nhii;u xnm nhflp vdo
t5 bdo lympho B trudng thinh'
tuy5n d0 trd thenh c6c

TfiFabriciustlugchinhthdnhs6mnhungcfingthoeitri6ns6m'ogd.titi
lcm nfrdt d th6ng tht 4 sau il6 kich thu6c nh6 dAn vd
Fabricius ph6t tri6n d4t kich thudc

Fabricius 6 ph6i gd lfc 17
m6ttin6 th6ng 11, 12. Ngudi ta ldm thi nghiQm "Et b6tii

cta tt! bdo lvmpho B
tudi thi thSy gd kh6ng c6 d6p img mi6n dich dich th6' virng
C6c nang lympho kh6ng 16 rd'ng vi
trong c6c nang lympho dia phucmg thua thcrt'
ngny

ki6ng c6 trung tAm mim.
Ctr quan lYmPho tlia Phuong
o gia cdm co quan d4ng

lympho dia phuong bao gdm c5c hach lympho du6i m6t 1tt'y5n

Harder), kich, h4ch hanh nh6n manlr

tring'

hlch lympho du6i m6t c6 hinh trdn hodc biiu duc tap trung
thdnh vi
thinh tung d6m. Trong hpch chria diy dtr c5c tii bio iympho B vd T hu6ng
ytiu ld lympho B' cdn
phAn bO ldm 2 virng. Ving v6 cpn c6 c6c nang lympho chria chir
Tuy6n Harder

li

ving v6 sAu chria chri y5u c6c lympho T
L6Lch

d6

vi

2 phln:
cfrng ld co quan dang lympho dla phucmg' L6Lch du-o. c chia ldm

tuj, tring. virng

tuj

d6 g6m nhiau xoang_ chria d6y h6ng cau con tuj, tring

B vd
chirc d4ng lympho, trong d6 dugc chia ldm 2 virng: virng chira lympho

tui

1n

t6

ving chua

lympho T.
Hach hAnh nh6n manh tring

li

co quan lympho ciia phuong 6 manh trirng' C6c

c6 c6u truc gi6ng nhu hach lympho' Tlong
lir noi xiry
hach c6 c6c natgchfa lympho T vd B. C6c nang ndy rtdu c6 t6m di6m mam
ra cic ddp img miSn dich m3nh (Lam Thi Thu Huong, 2007)'
hach duoc tAp fiung thenh tDng
vi

13


2.3 Mi6n dich chdng bQnh Newcastle
bQnh Newcastle tlugc bi6t g6m miSn dlch dich th6 vd
Cho diin nay mi6n dlch ch6ng

mi5n dlch tt5 bao'

2.3.1 Mi6n dich t6 bito

*:'l:

gian tti biro hinh thinh t6t '6m'
D6p ring miSn dich qua t'ut'g
thanh r6t scrm
gi6i thich khi n6ng bio hQ cfra ddn:e
ndy
Ei0u
vaccine'

khi chirng
|]nh
dlch qua trung gian
miSn
cira
trong
quan
tam
nhi6n'
th6. Tuy
tru6c khi x,rdt hicn kh6ng
ciru nhi6u'
ngria Newcastle chua dugc nghi6n
tti bdo tao thirnh do chirng

i i "-.*

2.3.2 Mi0n dlch dlch {h6

chtng ngira vacc$e
hiQn trong tudn ddu sau khi
Khdng th6 dich the thudng xu6t
4 r6i sau d6 giim din'
tu5n thit 2 vd duy tri d6n tudn thir
vio
nh6t
cao
d4t
Newcastle,
gn' Kh6ng th6 HI ldm ngin

tr& khi ndng nhiSm virus cho
Kh6ng the trung hda lim cdn
Newcatle'
trd ngrmg k6t h6ng cau cira virus
Vdi c6c x6t
dC d6nh gi6 hiQu lgc cria vaccine'
Ngudi ta thrrdng dirng khring thO HI
ld >1/8 (TrAn
khA ndng b6o hQ dugc x6c dinh
v6i
img
tuong
gi6
HI
hiQu
nghiQm chuAn

TiI, 1995).

truyan cho gi
chic chin thi kh6ng tho cria gh mg duoc
bing'v6i khing thO
nd ra c6 hirm lugng kh6ng th6 ngang

N6u gd m9 duoc mi6n dich
con qua ldng d6 trung, gd con

th6 gd
30 ngdy' Th6ng thucrng luqng kh6ng
bio vQ gh con

28' Khang th6 thq d0ng c6 t6c dgng
me truyAn net trin vdLo ngiy thit
do chtng
D6p img miSn dich v6i bOnh Newcastle
s6ng'
cuQc
cira
ddu
ngiry
kong nhtng
lugng kh6ng thO
kh6ng th0 mq truydn' N6u him
ngira vaccine chiu a1h hu&ng 16n cira
bQ,h c1a va;ci1e Vi
vdLo ldm gi6m hiQu lUc phdng
s6ng
vaccine
dua
lai
ta
niy cdn cao,
Bdi 16
khi sir dung vaccine li dii'u cAn thi6t'
vfy md ddi h6i phii chir;i dtSn tu6i con vit
dlch md
vaccine kh6ng g6y dugc miSn
nhilng
kh6ng
thi
tu6i

dfng
dpng
n5u kh6ng sri
t4i trong dan gd'
cdn t4o diiiu kiQn cho mAm bQnh tdn

tu 20
gd m9. Kh6ng th6 t6n tai 6 gd con

-

14