chuyên đề ngữ pháp và bài tập ôn thi vào lớp 10

NGỮ PHÁP ÔN THI VÀO LỚP 10
Topic 1: TENSES
(Thì)
TENSES
SIMPLE PRESENT
(HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN)
+: S + V1 / V(s/es)
-: S + don’t/ doesn’t + V1
?: Do / Does + S + V1 …?

USE
- thói quen ở hiện
tại
- sự thật, chân lí.

SIGNAL WORDS
- always, usually, often,
sometimes, seldom,
rarely, never, every,
normally, regularly,
occasionally, as a rule
…

- hành động đang
diễn ra vào lúc nói.
- dự định sẽ thực
hiện trong tương lai
gần.
- hành động có tính
chất tạm thời.

- at the moment, now,
right now, at present
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
- Look!
(HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN)
- Listen!
- Be quiet!
+: S + am/is/are + V-ing
- Keep silence!
Note: một số động từ
-: S + am/ is/ are + not +Ving
thường không dùng với
thì tiếp diễn: like,
dislike, hate, love,
?: Am / Is /Are + S + V-ing?
want, prefer, admire,
believe, understand,
remember, forget,
know, belong, have,
taste, smell, ….
PRESENT PERFECT
- hành động bắt đầu - lately, recently (gần
trong quá khứ, kéo đây)
(HIỆN TẠI HOÀN
dài đến hiện tại và
THÀNH)
far, up to now, up
có thể tiếp tục trong -tosothe
present (cho tới
tương lai.

bây giờ)
+: S + has / have +V3/ed
- hành động vừa
- already, ever, never,
mới xảy ra.
just, yet, for, since.
-: S + has/have + not +V3/ed
- how long …
- this is the first
time/second time…
?: Has / Have + S + P.P?
- many times / several
times
SIMPLE PAST
- hành động xảy ra - yesterday, last week,
và chấm dứt ở một last month, …ago, in
(QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)
thời điểm xác định 1990, in the past, …
+: S + V2 / V-ed
trong quá khứ.
-: S + didn’t + V1
- một thói quen
trong quá khứ
?: Did + S + V1 ….?
PAST PROGRESSIVE
(QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN)

- hành động đang
- at that time, at (9
xảy ra tại một thời

o’clock) last night, at
điểm xác định trong this time (last week),
Page 1

EXAMPLES
- She often goes to
school late.
- The sun rises in
the east.

- I can’t answer the
phone. I’m having
a bath.
- She is going to the
cinema tonight.
- He often goes to
work by car, but
today he is taking a
bus.

- I have learnt
English for five
years.

- She has just
received a letter
from her father.

- She went to
London last year.

- When we were
students, we often
went on a picnic
every weekend.
- He was doing his
homework at 8
o’clock last night.


+: S + was were + Ving
-: S + was /were + not +Ving
?: Was / Were + S + Ving…?

quá khứ
- hai hành động
cùng xảy ra đồng
thời trong quá khứ

- The children were
playing football
while their mother
was cooking the
meal.

PAST PERFECT
- hành động xảy ra
hành động
(QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH trước
khác hoặc trước
một thời điểm trong

quá khứ
+: S + had +V3/ed
-: S + hadn’t + +V3/ed
?: Had + S + +V3/ed…?

- already, ever, never,
before, by, by the time,
after, until, when, ….
-After+ QKHT, QKĐ
-Before+ QKĐ, QKHT

- When I arrived at
the party, they had
already left.
- I had completed
the English course
by 1998.

SIMPLE FUTURE
(TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN)
+: S + will + V1
-: S + will + not + V1
(won’t + V1)
?: Will + S + V1 …?

- tomorrow, next, in
2012, ….
- I think / guess
- I am sure / I am not
sure

- He will come
back tomorrow.
- The phone is
ringing. I will
answer it.

- hành động sẽ xảy
ra trong tương lai
- một quyết định
được đưa ra vào lúc
nói

Note:
- hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ:
. hành động ngắn dùng thì quá khứ đơn, hành động dài dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Ex: Yesterday morning, I met my friend while I was going to school.
. hành động xảy ra trước dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành, hành động xảy ra sau dùng thì quá khứ
đơn
Ex: She went out with her friends after she had finished her homework.
She had finished her homework before she went out with her friends.
Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian:
Main clause
(Mệnh đề chính)
Present tenses
Past tenses
Future tenses
1. TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ
2. TLĐ + after + HTHT

work.
3. while / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ

Page 2

Adverbial clause of time
(Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời
gian)
Present tenses
Past tenses
Present tenses
I will wait here until she comes back.
He will go home after he has finished his
While I was going to school, I met my


friend.
4. QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD
It (start) --------------- to rain while the boys (play) -------------- football.
5. QKTD + while + QKTD
Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games.
6. HTHT + since + QKĐ
I (work) -------------------- here since I
(graduate)---------------------.
7. After + QKHT, QKĐ
After I had finished my homework, I (go)
--------------- to bed.
8. Before / By the time + QKĐ + QKHT
Before she (have) ---------------- dinner, she (write) ------------- letter.
Supply the correct VERB TENSE :

1. I (meet)…………………. Arthur 3 weeks ago.
2. I (never see)…………anyone more punctual than your brother.
3. I (meet)……. your brother this afternoon at Green Street.
4. He (light)………. a cigarette and (walk)………to the window.
5. The performance (begin)………….at 7 o’clock and (last)……………..for 3 hours.
6. “You (be)…….here before? ” - Yes, I (spend)……..my holidays here last year.
7. He (leave)…………for London 2 years ago and I (not see)……..him since.
8. You (be)…………………to the laboratory this week?
9. Thousands of people (see)……….. this exhibition by the end of the month.
10. By the time you (finish)…………. cooking they (do)……………… their homework.
11. I don’t think he (change)………in the thirty years I (know)……..him.
12. He (come) ………in to the room a moment after I (get)……. there.
13. I __________________ a letter just a few minutes ago (receive)
14. They ________________ in London since 1980 (live)
15. Linda is working in this department. She ______________________ here for two years (work)
16. You _______________ your book on my desk last night (put)
17. He _________________ English at this school for six weeks up to now (study)
18. Nobody ________________ at the party on Saturday (dance)
19. They __________________ about the terrible accident near my school since came home (talk)
20. I _________________ this bike since I was a teenager and I still use it (have)
21. John, I’m furious with you. I ________________ in this rain for half an hour (wait)
22. They _______________ meat since they saw that film about farm animals (not/eat)
23. Mrs Brown ________________ English from 2 o’clock to 5 o’clock everyday (teach)
24. I haven’t seen him since he (arrive)…………..
25. Birds (build)……………their nests in the summer and (fly)…….to the south in winter.
26. My father (not smoke)……………………….for 5 years.
27. I (see)……. a car accident while I (wait)………..for you at this corner yesterday.
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28. Mr. John (be)………..principal of our school since last year.
29. Mr. Smith (teach)…………….at this school since he (graduate)………………..in 1990.
30. My father (not watch)……….TV every night.

Topic 2: INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS
(To-inf và V-ing)
I. Bare infinitives( nguyên mẫu không ‘to’) được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
- Sau modal verbs: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, be able to, have to, used to.....
- Sau các động từ : make( trong câu chủ động), let, would rather, had better...
Ex: -She makes me feel happy.
- Sau các động từ tri giác: see, hear, notice, smell, taste, fell.....
Ex:- You had better think carefully before making a decision.
II. To- infinitives (nguyên mẫu có ‘to’) được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
S + V + to-V

To -infinitives còn được dùng trong các công thức sau:
•

1. ask (hỏi , yêu cầu)
2. hope (hi vọng)
3. manage (sắp xếp)
4. wait ( đợi)
5. want (muốn)
6. wish (mong)
7. decide (quyết định)
8. need (cần)
9. offer (đề nghị)
10.
plan (lên kế hoạch)
11.

prepare (chuẩn bị)
12.
promise (hứa)
13.
refuse (từ chối)
14.
expect (mong đợi)
15.
mean (ý định)
16.
afford (đủ khả năng)
17.
agree (đồng ý)
18.
appear (xuất hiện)
19.
arrange (sắp xếp)
20.
beg (nài nỉ , van xin)
21.
claim (đòi hỏi)
22.
demand (yêu cầu)
23.
fail (thất bại)

it + take + O + (time) + to-inf
Ex: It takes me an hour to do this homework.
• S + V+ how/ what/when/where/which + to-inf.
Ex: I don’t know how to answer this question.

• it + be + adj + (for-O) + to-inf
Ex: It ís not easy to speak English fluently.
• S+ V + adj/adv + ENOUGH + to-inf
Ex: She is old enough to go to school alone.
• S+ V + TOO + adj/adv + to-inf
Ex: That boy is too young to go to school by motorbike

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.
III. Gerund ( V-ing- danh động từ)
S + V + V-ing
1. avoid (tránh)
2. suggest (đề nghị)
3. dislike (không thích)
4. enjoy (thích)
5. fancy ( tưởng tượng )
6. finish (hoàn thành)
7. hate (ghét)
8. keep ( tiếp tục)
9. mention (đề cập)
10.
mind (phiền , ngại)
11.
admit (thừa nhận
12.
consider (xem xét)
13.
delay (trì hoãn)

14.
deny (từ chối)
15.
discuss (thảo luận)
16.
miss (nhớ , bỏ lỡ)
17.
postpone (trỉ hoãn)
18.
practice (luyện tập)
19.
appreciate (đánh giá)
20.
complete (hoàn thành)
21.
permit (cho phép)
22.
quit (nghỉ , thôi )
23.
recommend (nhắc nhở)

Sử dụng trong các trường hợp
• Sau giới từ
• Sau các cụm từ
+would you mind (có làm phiền)
+feel like (cảm thấy giống như)
+can’t help (ko thể tránh / nhịn)
+can’t stand (ko thể chịu đựng)
+can’t bear ( ko thể chịu đựng)
+be/get accustomed to

(quen dần với…)
+ be busy (bận rộn)
+ be worth (xứng đáng)
+ look forward to(trông mong)
+ have difficulty/ fun/ trouble

+It’s no use/ it’s no good.... chẳng ích gì
Ex: It’s no use crying.
+Be/get used to... quen với việc gì
Ex: she is used to living alone in the city.
+what/how about...?
Ex: What about going to the cinema?
• Sau spend/waste+time/money
Ex: They spend money buying apartment.

 Note : Các trường hợp dùng V-ing hoặc to-inf nhưng mang nghĩa khác nhau:

Stop
Forget

Regret
Remember

to V: có nghĩa là: dừng lại để làm một việc gì dó
Ving ~ give up: Bỏ thôi không làm một việc gì đó
to V: quên làm gì đó
Ving: Quên là đã làm gì
to V: tiếc nuối
Ving: Hối hận là đã làm gì
V – ing: nhớ việc đã xảy ra

To-V: nhớ việc chưa xảy ra/ cần phải làm
Page 5


Try

V – ing: thử làm một việc gì
To –V: cố gắng làm một việc gì
Go on
to -V : tiếp tục làm việc khác
V-ing : tiếp tục việc đang làm
Prefer + V-ing to V-ing: thích cái gì hơn cái gì
+S vật+ need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần được (bị động)
+S người+ need + to-inf: cần (chủ động)
Ex: I need to wash my car.
My car is very dirty. It needs washing / to be washed.
+ Cấu trúc nhờ vả:
S + have + O người + V1 + O vật ...
S + have + O vật + V3 + (by + O người) ...
S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật
S + get + O vật + V3 + (by + O người)
1. The form teacher has asked Jack (write) …………………an essay on the Thames.
2. It sometimes may be difficult (get) ………………… a taxi during rush- hours.
3. She tells the driver(take) …………………….. her to the railway station.
4. Children have just stopped ( play) ……………………….. football.
5. I advised him (wait) ………………………………. for me at the airport.
6. Would you mind (help) ……………………………. me with this work?
7. Would you like (have) ………………………… something to eat?
8. It started (rain) ……………… an hour ago. Has it stopped (rain) ………………… yet?
9. My family is trying (decide)……………………where to go on holiday.

10. I’ve enjoy (meet) ………………. you. I hope (see) ………………….. you again.
11. They prefer ( play)………………………… in swimming pool all day.
12. They refuse (go)……………………….. out on trips if it’s too hot.
13.
I used (smoke)………………… 20 cigarettes a day, but now I give up (smoke) …………
14. We decided (rent)……………………… a house with a swimming pool.
15.
I remember (lock)…………. the door when I left but forgot (shut) ………… the window.
16. I finished (read)………………………….. the book and went to bed.
17. My teachers always expected me (do)………………………………….. well in exams.
18. Let me (pay) ………………………………….. for the meal. You paid last time.
19.
I used (smoke)………………… 20 cigarettes a day, but now I give up (smoke)…………
20. We decided (rent)……………………… a house with a swimming pool.
21. There is no point …………………………… about the bill. (worry)
22. He is too ill ……………………. anything. (do)
23. He should be advised ……………………… a lot of milk. (drink)
24. We remember ……………………. him before. (meet)
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25. They don’t allow …………………… in the auditorium, they don’t want ……………………

…………………. it on fire. (smoke / risk / set)
26. That boy was used to …………………….. from school by his mother. (collect)
27. You should consider ……………………… on a picnic at the weekend. (go)
28. On the way home, Long often stops ……………………… a newspaper. (buy)
Topic 3: TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi)
1. Quy tắc chung:
- Câu nói và phần đuôi luôn ở dạng đối nhau

Câu khẳng định, đuôi phủ định?
Câu phủ định , đuôi khẳng định?

Ex: The children are playing in the yard, aren’t they?
They can’t swim, can they?
- Chủ từ của câu nói là đại từ, ta lặp lại đại từ này
Ex: She is a doctor, isn’t she?
- Chủ từ là danh từ, ta dùng đại từ tương ứng thay thế
Ex: People speak English all over the world, don’t they?
- Đại từ bất định nothing, everything: được thay bằng “it”
Ex: Everything is ready, isn’t it?
- Các đại từ no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody: được thay bằng
“they”
Ex: Someone called me last night, didn’t they?
- Đại từ this / that được thay bằng “it”; these / those được thay bằng “they”
Ex:That is his car, isn’t it?
These are your new shoes, aren’t they?
- “There” trong cấu trúc “there + be” được dùng lại ở phần đuôi
Ex: There aren’t any students in the classroom, are there?
- Câu nói có trợ động từ (will / can / shall / should / is / are …): trợ động từ được lặp lại ở phần đuôi
Ex: You will come early, won’t you?
- Câu nói không có trợ động từ: trợ động từ do / does / did được dùng ở phần đuôi
Ex: It rained yesterday, didn’t it?
She works in a restaurant, doesn’t she?
- Câu nói có chứa các từ phủ định thì phần đuôi khẳng định
Ex: He never comes late, does he?
Note: Động từ trong phần đuôi ở phủ định thì luôn được viết ở dạng rút gọn.
2. Một số trường hợp đặc biệt:
- Phần đuôi của I AM là AREN’T I
Ex: I am writing a letter, aren’t I?

- Phần đuôi của Let’s là SHALL WE
Ex: Let’s go out tonight, shall we?
Page 7


- Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
+ dùng phần đuôi WON’T YOU để diễn tả lời mời
+ dùng phần đuôi WILL / WOULD / CAN / CAN’T YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự
Ex: Have a piece of cake, won’t you?
Close the door, will you?
- Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định: dùng phần đuôi WILL YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự
Ex: Please don’t smoke her, will you?
- Phần đuôi của ought to là SHOULDN’T
Ex: She ought to do exercise every morning, shouldn’t she?
Add a correct question tag to each sentence
1. You aren't afraid of snakes…………………?
2. Ann isn't at home……………… ……?
3. You don't know French………………?
4. Tom didn't see her……………………?
5. This isn't yours………………………?
6. Bill hasn't had breakfast………………?
7. You won't tell anyone…………………?
8. I didn't wake you up……………………?
9. You don't want to sell the house………………?
10. It doesn't hurt…………………………?
11. People shouldn't drink and drive…………………?
12. You aren't going alone………………………?
13. They couldn't pay the rent……………………?
14. You don't agree with Bill……………………?
15. There wasn't a lot to do……………………?

16. That wasn't Ann on the phone……………………?
17. You didn't do it on purpose…………………………?
18. This won't take long………………………?
19. She doesn't believe you…………………?
20. It didn't matter very much………………?
21. Mary couldn't leave the children alone………………?
22. You aren't doing anything tonight……………?
23. You wouldn't mind helping me with this……………?
24. George hadn't been there before……………?
25. The children weren't surprised…………………?
Topic 4: GIỚI TỪ
I. Giới từ chỉ thời gian
1. AT: vào lúc
Page 8


- dùng chỉ thời gian trong ngày
At + giờ
At midnight
nừa đêm
At night
buổi tối
At lunchtime
vào giờ ăn trưa
At sunset
lúc mặt trời lặn
At sunrise
lúc mặt trời lặn
Dawn
lúc bình minh

At noon
giữa trưa (lúc 12 giờ trưa)
- dùng chỉ một dịp lễ hội, một thời khắc nào đó
At the weekend (người Mỹ và Úc dùng on the weekend)
At Easter
vào lễ phục sinh
At Christmas
vào lễ Giáng sinh
At New Year
At present, At the moment
At this / that time
At the same time
cùng thời gian
At the end / beginning of this month / next month
At the age of
ở lứa tuổi
Ex: He came to live in London at the age of twenty five.
Tom and Peter arrived at the same time.
2. ON: vào
- dùng chỉ thứ trong tuần, ngày trong tháng
On Monday, On 14th February, On this / that day
- dùng chỉ buổi trong ngày
On Sunday evenings
On Christmas Day, On New Year’s Day, On my birthday
3. IN: trong
- dùng chỉ buổi trong ngày nói chung, một kỳ nghỉ, một học kỳ
In the morning / afternoon / evening
In the Easter holiday
In the summer term
trong học kỳ hè

In the summer holiday
trong kỳ nghỉ hè
- dùng cho tháng, mùa, năm, thập kỷ, thế kỷ, thời đại và thiên niên kỷ
In August , In the summer / winter / spring / autumn, In 2010, In the 1990s, In the 19 th century
In the Middle Ages, In the 3rd millennium
- dùng trong một số cụm từ để chỉ thời gian trong tương lai
In a moment / in a few minutes / in an hour / in a day / in a week / in six months
In the end
cuối cùng
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* Note:
On time
đúng giờ (không trễ)
In time
đúng lúc, kịp lúc
In the end
cuối cùng
In the end ≠ at first
Ex: He got more and more angry. In the end, he walked out of the room.
II. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn
1. at: tại vị trí cụ thể
Ex: at the station
2. in: trước danh từ chỉ thành phố, quốc gia
Ex: in Ha Noi , in England
3.on: trên
Ex: on the shelf, on the table
III. Một số tính từ có giới từ đi kèm:
- interested in

thích, quan tâm
- bored with
chán
- fond of
thích thú
- afraid of
sợ
- full of
đầy ấp, nhiều
- capable of
có khả năng
- next to
kế bên
- accustomed to
quen với
- famous for
nổi tiếng về
- sorry for
lấy làm tiếc
- late for
trễ
- good at
giỏi về
- surprised at
ngạc nhiên về
- popular with
phổ biến với
- busy with
bận rộn
- worry about

lo lắng về
- succeed in
thành công
- different from
khác với
- belong to
thuộc về
- borrow from
mượn từ
- It’s very kind of you to-inf bạn thật tốt bụng khi ….
- good for / bad for tốt / xấu cho
Use the correct prepositions :
1. Water consists ………… hydrogen and oxygen.
2. Santa Claus is based ………. the description of Saint Nicholas in the poem.
3.
I’m going away …………. the end of January.
4.
I met Tom …………. the street yesterday.
5. My sister won’t have dinner ............... 11.30 p.m.
6. Your writing is similar ………….mine.
7. Ann wasn’t keen ………….going out in the rain.
8. She’s very old. She needs someone to look ………….her.
9.
They arrived ………… this gas station ……… 5 o’clock yesterday.
10. I was watching TV ………. 9 ……… 12 o’clock yesterday.
11. She will be ………… home ……… Tuesday afternoon.
12. The course starts ……… November 3th and ends ……… January.
13. Are you interested ……….. listening to pop music ?
14. My father hasn’t met my uncle ………… last month.
15. Products made ………. China is not very popular in Vietnam.

16. The park was named ………… a young hero, Le Van Tam.
17. During the War, our country was divided ………… 3 parts.
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Hanoi and Kuala Lumpur are the same ……….. many ways.
Their son has cleaned the floors ……… three hours.
This machine hasn’t been used ……… ages.
Maryam was really impressed ……… the beauty of Hanoi.
We are looking forward ………. new possibilities.
We can live ………… a dormitory ………. campus.
What aspect ………… learning English do you find difficult ?
II.Choose the suitable prepositions in brackets
1. Ba and Tam usually go fishing........................the weekends. (on, in, from, at)
2. The students will visit the capital.........................the summer. (on, in, at, of)
3. They heard a very strange noise............................midnight. (on, in, at, out)
4. Our little brother took a long nap from 1p.m.........................4p.m. (till, up, between, at)
5. The competitions will take place..........................8a.m and 12a.m. (from, between, up to, to)
6. She talked........................an hour to persuade her parents. (in, for, at, up to)
7. They have learned English..............................many years. (since, for, in, from)
8. The boys often go skiing..........................the winter. (in, at, on, for)
9. I’ve studied French................................3 months. (for, since, in)
10.
I arrived.......................the bus stop at 4 in the afternoon. (in, at, on, to)
11.
She has been here..................................yesterday. (in, since, for, on)
12.
We will go................................a picnic next week. (in, at, on, to)
13.
She took many pictures to show the trip.........................her parents. (of, for, to, with)

14.
There is a meeting..............................9 a.m. and 2 p.m. (in, till, between, at)
15.
We have lived in Hanoi............................4 years. (in, since, for, at)
16.
She was born................................16th January. (in, of, at, on)
17.
I’ve studied French................................last week. (for, since, in)
18.
arrived at the bus stop at 4 ................................ the afternoon. (in, at, on, to)
19.
What did she do ......................the weekend? (on, in, to, for)
Topic 5: ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS AND COMPARISONS
(Tính từ, trạng từ và so sánh)
1. Tính từ:
- Đứng trước danh từ: adj + N
Ex: She is a good teacher.
- Sau động từ to be
Ex: He is handsome.
- Sau các động từ liên kết như: become, get, feel, look, seem, taste, smell, sound,…
Ex: My mother looks tired.
- Trước enough
Ex: Nam is old enough to drive a car.
- Trong cấu trúc so + adj + that
2. Trạng từ:
- Đứng sau động từ thường
Ex: John drives carefully.
18.
19.
20.

21.
22.
23.
24.

Page 11


- be + adv + V3/-ed
Ex:
The ship was badly damaged by the storm.
- Một số từ vừa là tính từ, vừa là trạng từ: fast (nhanh), hard, early, late (trễ)
3. Tính từ + Mệnh đề
Một số tính từ chỉ cảm giác như: glad, happy, pleased, delighted, excited, sorry, disappointed, amazed,
có thể có một mệnh đề theo sau
Ex: We are happy that you won the scholarship.
4.So sánh)
a. So sánh bằng:
S + be + as + adj. + as + ….
S + V thường + as + adv. + as+ ….
b. So sánh hơn:
- Tính từ / Trạng từ ngắn:
S + V + adj. / adv. + ER + THAN + …..
- Tính từ / Trạng từ dài:
S + V + MORE + adj. / adv. + THAN + …..
c. So sánh nhất:
- Tính từ / Trạng từ ngắn:
S + V + THE + adj. / adv. + EST + …..
- Tính từ / Trạng từ dài:
S + V + THE MOST + adj. / adv. + …..

d. Một số tính từ, trạng từ bất qui tắc
 better
 the best
 worse
 the worst
 further
 the furthest
farther
 the farthest
Much / many
 more
 the most
Little
 less
 the least
Happy
 happier
 the happiest
Lazy
lazier
laziest
Clever
 cleverer
 the cleverest
Narrow
 narrower
 the narrowest
Use the correct tense or form of the words in parentheses :
Most of the students did …………… on their test. Their test results were …………... (good)
James looked very (sad) …………………... because she lost the game.

The children seemed ……………………. They played …………… in the garden. (happy)
He is a ……………….. man. He always drives ………………….. (careful)
The weather was so ……………...... yesterday. (awful)
Good / well
Bad / badly
Far

I.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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6. I can’t remember ……………………….. what happened. (clear)
7. I was disappointed that I did so …………………… in the exam. (bad)
8. It was raining ………………………. so we stayed at home. (heavy)
9. Mary speaks English very ………………………. (fluent)
10. Nam is a …………………….. student. (good)
II. Use the correct kind of comparison form of adjectives and adverbs :
1. Your house is ………………….. than my house. (big)
2. These books are ………………… than those books. (thick)
3. Hoi An Ancient Town is the …………………….. town in Vietnam. (old)
4. The Great Wall of China is the world’s …………………. structure. (long)
5. Nam is ………………. than Ba. He is ……………………. boy in class 6A. (tall)
6. This girl is …………………… than that girl. (clever)
7. Mary is ……………………… as her sister. (pretty)

8. The Nile River is the ………………….. river in the world. (long)
9. A new house is ………………………. than an old one. (expensive)
10. We’ve had …………………. difficulty with this part than that one. (little)
11. His English is …………………….. of these students. (good)
12. Mount Everest is ……………………… mountain in the world. (high)
13. Travelling by air or car, which is ………………………… ? (interesting)
14. It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere …………………… ? (quiet)
15. Hanoi is ……………………… than Ho Chi Minh City. (small)
16. PETRONAS Twins Towers are ……………………… than Sears Towers. (tall)
17. Thanks to the progress of science, our life is becoming ………… and ………… (good)
18. In order to get good marks, we have to do ………………….. practice. (far)
19. John is much …………………… than I thought. (strong)
20. Mr. Kelly is ………………………… man in that organization. (popular)

Topic 6: PASSIVE VOICE (Câu bị động)
I. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
Active:

S+

Passive:

S

V+

+

O

BE + Ved/3+

BY + O

II. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ
TENSES
Simple present
Present continuous
Present perfect
Simple past
Past continuous
Past perfect
Simple future
Future perfect

ACTIVE FORM
V1 / Vs(es)
Am / is / are + V-ing
Has / have + P.P
V2 / V-ed
Was / were + V-ing
Had + P.P
Will / shall + V1
Will/ shall + have + P.P
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PASSIVE FORM
Am / is / are + P.P
Am / is / are + being + P.P
Has / have + been + P.P

Was / were + P.P
Was / were + being + P.P
Had + been + P.P
Will / shall + be + P.P
Will / shall + have + been + P.P


Note:
- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O; trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O
- Nếu chủ từ trong câu chủ động là từ phủ định thì đổi sang câu bị động phủ định.
- Các chủ từ someone, anyone, people, he, she, they … trong câu chủ động thì có thể bỏ “by + O” trong câu
bị động
I.
Change these sentences to the passive voice :
1. My students have met their friend at the station. ………………………………………………
2. They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home. ………………………………………………
3. The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow. …………………………………………………
4. How many trees did they cut down ? ……………………………………………………………
5. This well-known library attracts many people. …………………………………………………
6. All students attended the meeting. ………………………………………………………………
7. People say that he is intelligent. …………………………………………………………………
8. He can’t repair my bike. …………………………………………………………………………
9. Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock. ………………………………………………………
10. Mr. Smith has taught us French for 2 years. ……………………………………………………
11. They didn’t look after the children properly. ……………………………………………………
12. Nobody swept this street last week. ……………………………………………………………
13. People drink a great deal of tea in England. ……………………………………………………
14. People speak English all over the world. ………………………………………………………
Topic 7: REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tường thuật)
I. Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)

1. Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngôi thứ ba
I → He / She
me → him / her
my → his / her
We → They
us → them
our → their
2. Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your)
- Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề tường thuật
3. Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổi
II. Thay đổi về thì trong câu:
DIRECT
INDIRECT
Simple present - V1 /Vs(es)
Simple past – V2 / V-ed
Present progressive – am / is / are + V-ing
Past progressive – was / were + V-ing
Present perfect – have / has + P.P
Past perfect – had + P.P
Present perfect progressive – have / has been
Past perfect progressive - had been + V-ing
+V-ing
Past perfect – had + P.P
Simple past – V2 / -ed
Past perfect progressive – had been +V-ing
Past progressive – was / were + V-ing
Future in the past - would + V1
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Simple future – will + V1
Future progressive will be + V-ing

Future progressive in the past - would be + Ving

III. Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
DIRECT
INDIRECT
Now
Then
Here
There
This
That
These
Those
Today
That day
Tonight
That night
Yesterday
The day before / the previous day
Last year
The year before / the previous year
Tomorrow
The following day / the next day / the day after
Next month
The following month / the next month / the month
after
Ago

Before

Subject
I
You
He
She
It
We
They

BẢNG ĐẠI TỪ
Object
Adjective
possessive
me
My
you
your
him
his
her
her
it
its
us
our
them
their

 CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP

1. Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị
- Mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
Direct:
S + V + O: “V1 + O …”
Indirect:
S + asked / told + O + to + V1 + ….
Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.” → He told her ------------------------------------ Mệnh lệnh phủ định:
Direct:
S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + …”
Indirect:
S + asked / told + O + not + to+ V1 ….
Ex: The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class.”
→ The teacher ------------------------------------------------------------------Page 15


2. Câu trần thuật
Direct:
S + V + (O) : “clause”
Indirect:
S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause
Note: said to → told
Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.”
→ Tom said (that) -----------------------------------------------------------------------She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.”
→ She told me (that) ------------------------------------------------------------------3. Câu hỏi
a. Yes – No question
Direct:
S + V + (O) : “Aux. V + S + V1 + O….?”
Indirect:

S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O ….
Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?” → He asked Mary -------------------------------“Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked → I asked Tan ------------------------------------------------b. Wh – question
Direct:
S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux. V + S + V1 + O ?”
Indirect:
S + asked + O + Wh- + S + V + O.
Ex: “How long are you waiting for the bus?” he asked me.
→ He asked me ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Change these sentences into reported speech
1. Daisy said : “ Please lend me your history book, Joana. ”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The police said : “ Don’t touch anything in this room, everybody. ”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Mrs. Green said to her friend : “ Can you help my son with his literature ? ”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. “ You have to take part in the rice-cooking contest tomorrow”, Nam’s father said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. “It was raining all day yesterday in Nha Trang”, my pen pal said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. “We are waiting for the school bus now”, the children said.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. “I must go to Hanoi today”, my friend said.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west”, my teacher said.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. My friend said ,“ I have already written this letter”.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
10.
Helen asked the child, “Are you going to visit your uncle tomorrow ?”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
11.

The man said to his daughter, “ Did you feel sick yesterday ?”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
12.
“ Will you be ready to start the course tonight ?”, she asked us.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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13.
My mother said to my sister, “Do you want to go shopping with me this afternoon ?”
……………………………………………………………………………………………
14.
The police asks the witness, “What are you doing here ?”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
15.
Jim asked Laurence, “How many students are there in your class this year ?”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
16.
“What was Mr. Minh doing at this time yesterday ?”, Ngoan said
………………………………………………………………………………………………
17.
The men asked Mary, “How long have you waited for this doctor ?”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
18.
I said to the salesman, “How much does this dress cost today ?”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
19.
Betty wonders, “When did I send a letter to my parents ?”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
20.

I asked you, “What are you writing now ?”
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Topic 8: WISH CLAUSES (Mệnh đề mong ước)
Có 3 dạng câu mong ước:
- Mong ước không thật trong tương lai
KĐ: S+ wish(es) + S + would + V1
PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + wouldn’t + V1
Ex: I wish you would stop smoking.
- Mong ước không thật ở hiện tại:
KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + V2/-ed + O
(to be: were / weren’t)
PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + didn’t + V1
Ex: Ben isn’t here. I wish Ben were here.
I wish I could swim.
- Mong ước không thật ở quá khứ:
KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + had + V3/-ed
PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + hadn’t + V3/-ed
Ex: She failed her exam last year.
She wishes she hadn’t failed her exam.
Note: S + wish(es) có thể thay bằng If only
Ex: I wish I weren’t so fat. = If only I weren’t so fat.
I. Write sentences beginning with I wish :
1. I’m very bad at math.  I wish …………………………………………………………………..
2. Daniel doesn’t live in the center of town.  Daniel wishes …………………………………….
3. I don’t know how to repair the car.  I wish ……………………………………………………
4. It rains here every day.  I wish ………………………………………………………………
5. Nicholas is sorry he smashed up his car.  Nicholas wishes …………………………………
6. The snow won’t stop until tomorrow.  I wish …………………………………………………
7. I am not lying on a beach in the Caribbean.  I wish …………………………………………
8. I don’t have time to go around the city.  I wish ………………………………………………..

9. My friend cannot stay with me longer.  I wish ………………………………………………
10. I don’t know many English words.  I wish …………………………………………………….
Page 17


11. She doesn’t send me her recent photos.  She wishes …………………………………………..
12. It won’t be fine tomorrow.  I wish ……………………………………………………………
13. My students don’t speak English fluently.  My students wish ………………………………
14. My students write lessons slowly.  My students wish ………………………………………
15. The exercises are long.  I wish ………………………………………………………………

Topic 9: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện)
1. Type 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
If clause
Main clause
S + V1 / V s(es)
S + will / can/ may + V1
(don’t / doesn’t + V1)
(won’t / can’t + V1)
2. Type 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại
If clause
S + V-ed / V2
(didn’t + V1)
To be: were / weren’t
3. Type 3: điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ
If clause

Main clause
S + would / could / should + V1
(wouldn’t / couldn’t + V1)

Main clause
S + would / could / should + have + P.P
(wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + P.P)

S + had + P.P
(hadn’t + P.P)

4. Những cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện:
a. Unless = If ….not
If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
= Unless --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b. Without: không có = if … not
Without water, life wouldn’t exist.
= If ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Note:
1. Có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng if hay unless bằng cách đảo ngữ.
Were I rich, I would help you.
= If I were rich, I would help you.
Had I known her, I would have made friend with her.
= If I had known her, I would have made friend with her.
If you should run into Peter, tell him to call me.
= Should you run into Peter, tell him to call me.
2. Mệnh đề chính trong câu điều kiện loại 1 có thể là một câu đề nghị hoặc lời mời.
If you see Peter at the meeting, please tell him to return my book.
Page 18


If you are free now, have a cup of coffee with me.
3. Đổi từ if sang unless:
IF
UNLESS

Khẳng định
Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ
định)
Phủ định
Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi)
Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster.
Unless ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam.
Unless -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause
- If you don’t + V1, Clause
- If you aren’t + …, Clause
Ex: Be carefull or you will cut yourself.
If ------------------------------------------------------Go away or I will call the police.
If ------------------------------------------------------1) If I were you, I …………………………….( invite) Jack to the party.
2) She would get 100 pounds if she ………………..(sell) this old shelf.
3) If they had enough money, they………………………..( buy) a new car.
4) If it……………………(rain), I will stay at home.
5) If the weather………………….(be) fine, the children can walk to school.
6) We…………………….( pass) the exam if we studied harder.
7) If Pat………………………..( repair) his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us.
8) Walter…………………….( help) his mother in the garden if she reads him a story this evening.
9) If you come with me, I ………………….( do) the shopping with you.
10) Our teacher will be happy if we ……………………(learn) the poem by heart.
11) If we meet at 9:30, we………………….(have) plenty of time.
12) Lisa would find the milk if she…………………….( look) in the fridge.
13) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she…………………..(feed) the animals.
14) If you spoke louder, your classmates………………………………(understand) you.
15) Dan………………………..(arrive) safe if he drove slowly.
I. Use UNLESS instead of IF :
1. If she doesn’t hurry, she’ll be late. ………………………………………………………………
2. If we had more rain, our crops would be better. …………………………………………………

3. If you don’t like this one, I will bring you another. ………………………………………………
4. If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. I’ll be able to do any work if I don’t now have a quiet room.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Page 19


6. The flood would have been ruined if the flood had risen higher.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. If you hadn’t sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. If she did her hair differently, she would look quite nice.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10.
If I won the first prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
II. Viết lại câu dùng “If”
1. I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you. ……………………………………………………..
2. We got lost because we didn’t have the map. …………………………………………………….
3. My friend was so late, so he missed the train. ……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Today isn’t Sunday, so the students don’t go swimming.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Because you don’t leave immediately, I call the policeman.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Go right now or you will be late for the train.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. As she is often absent from class, she can’t keep pace with her classmates.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. I couldn’t write to Alice because I didn’t know her address.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10.
I didn’t watch TV last night because I was busy.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Topic 10: MAKING SUGGESTIONS (Đưa ra lời đề nghị)
* Các mẫu câu đề nghị:
- Let’s + V1:
- Shall we + V1…?
- How about / What about + V-ing….?
- Why don’t we + V1 ….?
* Câu đề nghị với động từ suggest:
S + suggest + V-ing ……….
S + suggest + that + S + should + V1 ……….. (từ that không được bỏ
I. Use the correct verb form :
1. Lan suggested ………………………… to the zoo on the weekend. (go)
2. The movie is not interesting. How about ……………………… to the concert ? (go)
3. You don’t like Chinese food. What about ……………………… English food ? (eat)
4. Our teacher suggests ……………………… a meeting to discuss the problem. (hold)
5. Her former leader suggested that she ………………………. harder for the exam. (train)
6. I suggest that fans ……………………… instead of air conditioners. (use)
7. Would you like ……………………… milk or water ? (drink)
8. What is the purpose of ………………………. energy-saving bulbs ? (use)
9. Tom suggested ………………………… to the zoo by his father. (take)
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10.
Our class suggested that the leader …………………….. very good and patient. (be)
II. Rewrite these sentences :
1. Shall we use gas instead of burning coal ? I suggest ……………………………………………..
2. Shall we play badminton ? How ………………………………………………………………….
3. What about buying energy-saving bulbs ? Shall …………………………………………………
4. Let’s use electricity economically. Why don’t …………………………………………………..
5. Why don’t you ask her yourself ? I suggest you …………………………………………………
6. I suggest decorating our classroom again.

I suggest our …………………………………………………………………
7. What about organizing a charity event to raise money ?

I suggest a charity …………………………………………………………………………………

8. I suggest that helmet should be used to protect our heads.

What ………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Let’s organize a cultural festival to celebrate Lunar New Year.

I suggest a …………………………………………………………………………………………
I suggest unused clothes should be collected for the victims.
What about ………………………………………………………………………………………
11.
“Why not take the garbage to recycling centers ?” said the local authorities.
The local authorities suggested garbage …………………………………………………………
12.
“Shall we go to the English speaking club ?” Andrew said.

Andrew suggested …………………………………………………………………………………
13.
“Why don’t you put an advertisement in this local newspaper ?” they said to me.
They suggested that an advertisement ……………………………………………………………
14.
“Why don’t you repair the electric fan, Nam” Ba asked.
Ba suggested ………………………………………………………………………………………
15.
“Let’s not tell anyone until we are certain that the report is true”, said Tom.
Tom suggested ……………………………………………………………………………………
10.

Topic 11: RELATIVE CLAUSES

(Mệnh đề quan hệ)

* Đại từ quan hệ:
1. WHO: chủ từ, chỉ người
N (người) + WHO + V + O ….
2. WHOM:
- làm túc từ, chỉ người
…..N (người) + WHOM + S + V
3. WHICH:
- làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ, chỉ vật
….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V
4. WHOSE: dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their, hoặc
hình thức ‘s
…..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….
5. WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason.

…..N (reason) + WHY + S + V …
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6. WHERE: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there
….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ….
(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
7. WHEN: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then
….N (time) + WHEN + S + V …
(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
* Mệnh đề quan hệ
1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định: dùng khi danh từ không xác định, không có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh
đề chính.
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định: dùng khi danh từ xác định, có dấu phẩy ngăn cách với mệnh đề
chính.
i. Use a Relative pronoun or a Relative adverb to combine each pairs of the sentences below
1. A dictionary is a book. It gives you the meaning of words.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The man was very kind. I talk to him yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Nam is an excellent student. His father’s death made him sad a lot.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Kim Lien is a village. Ho Chi Minh was born and lived there.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Teacher’s Day is a day. All the students show their gratitude to their teacher on that day.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The lady in black is a famous writer. You met her at the party last night.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. The little boy lost his way. He is crying over there.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Children like to eat ice-cream. It can cause toothache if they have too much everyday.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Mr. Quang is a famous chef cook. His food can be enjoyed all over the world.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. A typhoon is a violent tropical storm. It can cause great destruction.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. The victims of the club need help. They were half-starved for many days.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. The Southam Chess Club meets weekly on Friday evenings. It has more than 50 members.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Lan is my classmate. She lives near my parents’ house.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Cuc Phuong is a famous nation park. I came there along time ago.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. He is a manager in this factory. You have talked to his mother in the company.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Topic 12: CLAUSES AND PHRASES
I/ Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ mục đích:
1. Cụm từ chỉ mục đích : Vto, in order to, hoặc so as to.
Vto
not Vto
In order to
+ V
hoặc phủ định
in order not to
+
So as to
so as not to
2. Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích: so that
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S + V +O + so that + S + can/ could/ will/ would + V + O.
II/. Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ kết quả
1. Cụm từ chỉ kết quả
* ENOUGH: đủ để
S + V + Adj/ Adv + enough + Vto +
O
Hoặc phủ định: S + V + not + Adj/Adv + enough + Vto + O
VD:

He is tall enough to reach the top shelf.
I didn’t run fast enough to catch up the bus .
* TOO: quá.... không thể
S + V + too + Adj/Adv + ( for + O) + to V + O
VD: He is too short to play basket ball.
2. Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả.
* SO……THAT: qúa...nên không thể...
S + V + so + Adj / Adv + that + S + V + O .
VD: She speaks English so quickly that we can’t understand her.
* SUCH……..THAT: quá.... đến nổi
It + be + such + a/an + Adj + N + that + S + V + O
They + be + such + Adj + Ns + that + S + V + O.
VD: The exercise is very difficult so we can’t finish.
= The exercise is so difficult that we can’t finish.
= It is such a difficult exercise that we can’t finish.
* SO : vì vậy
Clause ( nguyên nhân) , so + clause ( kết quả)

VD : The weather was very cold , so we couldn’t go out.
She didn’t study harder ,so she didn’t pass the exam.
III/Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ nguyên nhân
1. Cụm từ chỉ nguyên nhân
Because of
+ N / V-ing
Due to/ owing to
VD : We couldn’t go out because of the bad weather .
2. Mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân
Because
As
+ S+ V
Since
VD: We couldn’t go out because the weather was bad
a) Adverb clause of reason :
1. Because I am sick, I do not go out.  Because of ………………………………………………
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2. Because the water is polluted, we can’t swim in that river.

Because of ……………………………………………………………………………………….

3. Because Nga has had a sore leg, she had difficulty in walking.

Because of ………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Because he behaved badly, he found himself in trouble.

Because of ………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. Because it was snowing, we didn’t go out for a walk.

Because of ………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Because of his good looks, he is popular with many girls.

Because …………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Because of his serious sickness, he couldn’t come to the class.

Because …………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Because of too much exhaust fume, people have to wear gauze masks in the streets.

Because …………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Because of their good performance, they won the first prize.

Because ………………………………………………………………………………………...
Because of your advice, we didn’t use that poisonous chemical.
Because …………………………………………………………………………………………
IV/ Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ
1/ Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ

10.

Inspite of
+ N/ V- ing, mệnh đề
Despite

VD: Inspite of the bad weather , we had a wonderful holiday.
2. / Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ
Though
Although
+ S + V + O.
Eventhough
VD: Although the weather was bad , we had a wonderful holiday.
1. Mr. Pike doesn’t wear classes despite his old age. ……………………………………………….
2. He didn’t eat much in spite of being hungry. …………………………………………………
3. He couldn’t solve the problem though he is good at math.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….,…..
4. Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Although it rained heavily, I went to school on time.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. Everybody has great regard for him despite his poverty.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. He didn’t stop his car though the traffic lights turned red.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. He studied very well despite his hard life at that time.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. Although the streets are narrow, many people drive cars in this city.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. Despite being good at English, he wasn’t chosen.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
11. Despite having an English name, he is in fact German.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. Despite the bad weather, he came to the meeting on time.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
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QUY TẮC CHUYỂN TỪ "BECAUSE" SANG "BECAUSE OF". Nhìn phía sau Because (câu
đề) thấy có "there, to be" thì bỏ.
TH1: Nếu thấy 2 chủ ngữ giống nhau thì bỏ chủ ngữ gần Because, động từ thêm "ing".
Ví dụ: Because Nam is tall, he can reach the book on the shelf.
=> Because of being tall, Nam can reach the book on the shelf.
TH2: Nếu thấy chỉ còn lại danh từ thì chỉ việc giữ lại danh từ mà dùng.
Ví dụ: Because there was a storm, ... => Because of the storm, ...
- Sau khi bỏ "there", bỏ "to be" (was) chỉ còn lại danh từ => chỉ việc lấy mà dùng.
TH3: Nếu thấy có danh từ và tính từ thì đưa tính từ lên trước danh từ, còn lại bỏ hết.
Ví dụ: Because the wind is strong, ... => Because of the strong wind, ...
- Sau khi bỏ "to be" (is) thấy có danh từ và tính từ nên ta chỉ việc đưa tính từ lên trước danh từ.
TH4: Nếu thấy chỉ có mình tính từ => đổi nó thành danh từ
Ví dụ: Because it is windy, ... => Because of the wind, ...
TH5: Nếu thấy có sở hữu lẫn nhau => Dùng danh từ dạng sở hữu
Ví dụ: Because I was sad, .... => Because of my sadness, ...
Ví dụ: Because he acted badly, ... => Because of his bad action, ... (trạng từ đổi thành tính từ)
- Trong 2 ví dụ trên ta thấy có sự sở hữu: I + said => my sadness; he + act => his action nên ta
dùng sở hữu. Nếu có trạng từ các em nhớ chuyển nó thành tính từ.
Topic 13: PHRASAL VERBS (Động từ kép)
- Động từ kép là động từ được cấu tạo bởi một động từ với một tiểu từ hay một giới từ hay cả tiểu từ và giới
từ.
1. Một số động từ kép thường gặp:
- turn on:
bật, mở
- turn off:
tắt

- turn down:
vặn nhỏ
- turn up
vặn lớn
- look for
tìm kiếm
- look after
chăm sóc = take care of
- go on
tiếp tục = continue
- give up
từ bỏ = stop
- try on
mặc thử
- put on
mặc vào
- wait for
chờ, đợi
- depend on
dựa vào
- escape from
thoát khỏi
- go out
đi chơi
- go away
đi xa
- lie down
nằm xuống
- come back
quay về

- throw away
quăng, ném
- take off
cất cánh, tháo ra
- break down
hư hỏng
- run out (of)
cạn kiệt
MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC KHÁC
1. Lối nói phụ họa:
a. Đồng ý theo một câu khẳng định, dùng:
- S + V trợ + too.
- So + V trợ + S.
b. Đồng ý theo câu phủ định, dùng:
- S + V trợ (phủ định) + either.
- Neither + V trợ (khẳng định) + S.
2. Would you mind / Do you mind + V-ing ….?
Do you mind if I + V (Hiện tại đơn)….?
Would you mind if I + V (Quá khứ đơn) ….?
3. Đổi thì quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành
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